Where do kindness and cruelty come from in people, at what age does a person acquire these qualities, is it possible to change throughout life? The author of the story “Yushka” raises many questions. “Kindness and Cruelty (Yushka)” – main moral themes works.
Character qualities
Man is born good by nature. It's hard to imagine an angry baby. Main character loves everything around him. He reverently examines the flowers and strokes the foliage. The man tries not to fill the air with his breath while admiring the plants. He touches the bark of trees, takes pity on dead barrels and bugs. In insects he feels living soul and peers into their “faces”. Everything lives around Yushka, who has left the village. Can a person without a soul notice such a variety of life: hard-working grasshoppers, birds singing, the sweetness of the air? The author's direction of thought captivates; with a few strokes he reveals the rich inner world hero. The theme of kindness and cruelty becomes the center of the plot.
Cruelty
There is a lot of cruelty and callousness in the story, but what is most frightening is children's anger. The game turned into persecution of the poor sick man. The children are surprised that Yushka behaves differently from other adults. She doesn’t swear, doesn’t hit her with anything, doesn’t chase the kids to punish them. The author talks about the children’s feelings: they were checking whether Yushka was alive. Kindness and cruelty live next door. There is a law for children: “...it’s better to let him be angry, since he really lives in the world...”.
The man was an exception to the rule, which did not suit the teenagers. They caused pain, to which Yushka responded calmly and humbly: “...You must love me!” Where is the love in cruelty? How to notice this line between two opposing qualities? To torment in order to love - the conviction of a kind person baffles. The reasoning of drunken and angry adults is real and understandable. They look for those to blame for their fate among those who are weaker. They become even more embittered, cruelty turns a person into an animal. Adults, without waiting for an answer, hit, hiding from their grief behind their fists.
Kindness
In Platonov's story, kindness is not respected by people. They value rudeness and the ability to stand up for themselves. Weakness, helplessness, modesty - these are synonyms important quality in this work. The hero of "Yushka", possessing kindness, surprises with his philosophical character. No amount of humiliation causes anger in his heart. A man's soul is strong in his faith in people. He is simple-minded and sweet: “People have blind hearts,” this is how he explains the cruelty of his fellow countrymen. The fate of the good Yushka is tragic. Death is terribly absurd and unexpected. The passer-by didn’t like that the silent “little man” suddenly spoke up. Who allowed him to become wise and reason?
He “pushed with the force of anger” in the chest and calmly went away to drink tea, without even thinking about the pain he had caused to the person he met, as if he had completed his dirty deed.
The carpenter asked Yushka for forgiveness for all the people. But it was a posthumous apology. The carpenter’s words reveal genuine kindness and bitterness: “...who is your judge!” The worker understands that Yushka’s pure heart cannot be considered a marriage. Everyone who “... tormented him during his life...” said goodbye to the body. Kindness dies along with Yushka, and anger gains more and more power.
The author does not allow the story to end on such a difficult note. Evil should not become the dominant quality. Girl with sad gray eyes continued the work of her adoptive father. She stayed where Efim was bullied and began to reduce the suffering of the disadvantaged. She was considered “the daughter of the good Yushka,” and no one tried to refute this relationship.
Reveal moral concepts using an example literary texts much easier than looking for examples in real life. You can write the essay “Kindness and Cruelty (“Yushka”) using the proposed material. The information will become the basis of your own reasoning.
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A.S. Pushkin “Pushchina”
Friendship A.S. Pushkin and Ivan Pushchin.
When the poet was in exile in Mikhailovskoye, his lyceum friend Pushchin, without fear of punishment for violating the ban, visited Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich was grateful to his friend for this last meeting, which is reflected in his poem “Pushchinu”
My friends, our union is wonderful!
He, like the soul, is inseparable and eternal...
A striking example to emulate is the attitude of Wilhelm Küchelbecker towards his lyceum friend A.S. Pushkin. Kükhlya, as his comrades called him, understood the genius of the young poet like no one else and did not hide his sincere admiration for him. And A.S. Pushkin valued his comrade very highly.
"The Snow Queen" by Andersen.Gerda overcame many obstacles to save Kai.
In the story by V. Zheleznikov“Scarecrow” Lenka turns out to be betrayed by her friend. AND similar cases not uncommon in people's lives. But not all people are able to survive this, although those who still cope with the situation will forever remember the bitterness and resentment. The “wind of the past” will “whip” them “in the face.” Lenka turned out to be a strong person, able to rise after such insult and humiliation, capable of remaining a merciful and devoted friend.
Let's remember another literary hero- Pechorina,to find a true friend who was also prevented by selfishness and indifference. This man was passionate only about himself, his own interests and experiments, so for him people were just means to achieve his goals.
The hero of the fairy tale by A. de Saint-Exupéry also needed a real friend. The Little Prince lived on his small planet and took care of the only close creature - the beautiful Rose. But Rosa was very capricious, her words often offended the baby, and this made him unhappy. But one day the Little Prince left his planet and went on a journey across the Universe in search of true friends.
Let us also remember one of A.S. Pushkin’s friends - V.A. Zhukovsky, who always came to the aid of the poet, even in the most difficult moments. For example, during the Mikhailovsky exile, Vasily Andreevich petitioned the court for the release of A.S. Pushkin, and in the 30s he tried to achieve reconciliation between his friend and the tsar, believing that this would benefit the poet. A.S. Pushkin saw this, appreciated and loved his elder friend, recognized him as his only adviser.
And here's another one sad story about lost friendship.One of A. Aleksin’s works tells about two friends - Lyusya and Olya, whose friendly relations were doomed, because one of them - Lyusya - always showed concern for her friend, and the other did not. Even when Olenka had the opportunity to do something nice for Lucy, she did not consider it necessary to take advantage of it, which greatly offended her friend. Olya acted selfishly, she did not think about Lucy’s interests and desires, so their friendship came to an end.
Relationships between the main characters of the novelA. Dumas « The Three Musketeers " - a classic example true friendship. D'Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis live under the motto: “One for all, all for one.” The heroes of the novel overcome all difficulties thanks to true friendship.
Kindness and cruelty. The manifestation of these opposites human qualities can be seen in the works of many authors. We suggest studying examples of how you can write an essay on the topic of Kindness and Cruelty in the works of Chekhov, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Kuprin, Platonov, Gorky.
Kindness and cruelty in the story “Yushka” by Platonov
Option 1
Cases of manifestations of kindness and cruelty in the story “Yushka”, from my point of view, are shown by the author, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, very vividly, figuratively and without embellishment.
In a small town at a blacksmith's for many years Efim Dmitrievich, whom everyone calls Yushka, works for a small fee as an assistant. He saves his meager salary as best he can. For years he wears old clothes and drinks boiling water.
Residents of the city constantly show causeless cruelty towards Yushka, even children throw stones at him and call him names. Yushka endures all this meekly, he sincerely believes that in fact people do not wish him harm, they just show their love.
One day, Yushka “dares” to answer a question from a tipsy townsman that if he was born into the world, it means he is needed on earth for something. This infuriates the passerby, he pushes Yushka, he falls and dies.
After some time, a girl appears in the city looking for Efim Dmitrievich. Residents have a hard time remembering Yushka.
It turns out that Efim Dmitrievich was not just a pathologically kind and unrequited person, but also helped a specific person with specific actions. Denying himself everything, he paid for the orphan girl’s boarding and education. The girl trained to be a doctor and came to cure her benefactor of consumption.
In memory of Efim Andreevich, she remained to work in the city in which they treated the man who had done so much for her so cruelly. She worked as a doctor in a hospital, worked conscientiously and selflessly.
This is such a cycle of good and cruelty.
Option 2
Thesis. An ocean of kindness is hidden in every person, but a whole sea of cruelty can also be hidden in every person. But if cruelty makes a person indifferent and destroys his soul, then kindness makes a person more sublime and stronger.
Arguments. The main character of the story “Yushka” is a sick and weak little man, whom all residents of the town know exclusively under the clumsy nickname Yushka, without even suspecting that he has a real name - Efim Dmitrievich.
Yushka is a man out of this world. He seems strange and absurd to others. He is kind, he believes in love, he lives in the confidence that love is everywhere. That he was born “according to the law,” which means he is needed for something.
When adults and children offend Yushka, Yushka says that they do it out of love and accepts ridicule and beatings with amazing meekness. The only time he was indignant and dared to object ended in tears for him - he was killed for no reason by an ordinary passer-by.
Meanwhile, Yushka himself does good. He helps an orphan, a complete stranger to him, to study, who is the only one in the whole world who truly loves Yushka. Because he understands what kind heart this unsightly man.
The rest of the people vegetate in cruelty, in indifference, without even thinking that it is not Yushka the holy fool, but themselves. That they behave like animals, attacking someone who is not part of their pack.
The callousness and blindness of society in this story is simply amazing. The most ordinary people They themselves don’t notice how scary they are behaving. For them, such behavior is the norm, and they do not see anything unnatural in it. And this is the worst thing in this story.
Conclusion. Very few people are capable of doing good just because it is normal for a person. And such people are often accepted by the rest of society as outcasts and renounced, forgetting that goodness for the sake of goodness has always been one of the signs of true holiness.
Option 3
In this story we are faced with the madness and obsession of the main character Nikolai Ivanovich. He is crazy in his desire to acquire his own estate and the desire to plant gooseberries on it. On the way to his dream, the main character becomes cruel, heartless and stingy, sweeping away and destroying everything in his path. Nikolai Ivanovich, in order to achieve his dream, marries a rich widow and starves her to death. His wife dies after falling ill, but even the death of his wife could not change anything in him. He is an indifferent and cruel person.
Another argument on the topic of kindness and cruelty can be the play by Maxim Gorky “At the Depths”.
In the play, the heroes, for various reasons, find themselves “at the bottom,” they are in a shelter, because they are all deprived of their shelter. This leads to their moral degradation; they are current and indifferent to the people around them. A striking example of their cruelty is the universal joy at Anna's death. They feel joy and relief that she has died and now they will not hear her cough. And only Luke, despite all this horror, remains kind and does not lose hope, giving and instilling it in others.
Option 3
Moral concepts are revealed by literature in such a way that their diversity becomes clear. Kindness and cruelty (“Gooseberry”) are so close to each other that not everyone will be able to see the moment of transition from one quality to another. The good ones become evil and vice versa.
Nikolai Ivanovich is an ordinary official from the treasury chamber. He rewrites the same papers, dreams of moving to the village, where he will live in his own house near a river or lake. Gooseberries occupy a special place in the future estate. He completes the estate plan. Without him, the house for Nikolai Ivanovich is incomplete, unfinished. The official is saving money to fulfill his dream. He is begging, greedy, but does not change his goal.
The prickly berry bush becomes a symbol of the idea that eats a person. Why was this particular berry chosen? You can reason and fantasize. There is no exact answer in the text. A dream should always have something individual of its own, different from the desires of others. Nikolai’s gooseberry is precisely this difference. On the other hand, the thorniness of the bush. You cannot approach it without gloves; you need to be careful not to prick yourself or get scratched. Standing next to Nikolai Ivanovich is also unpleasant. The new master takes on a repulsive appearance, reminiscent of a pig. There is no attractiveness in the landowner: deceptive speech, pompous phrases. The author does not hide the emptiness of the soul, the immorality of actions. It’s easy to prick such a person, but he doesn’t care at all. Chekhov points to the taste of the berries: “sour and tasteless.” The Chimsha-Himalayan does not notice the true taste of the fruit, he is satisfied with the result: the dream has come true. We can say that the gooseberry is proof of the limitations of the hero’s soul, his selfishness and cruelty.
Transformation of kindness. Good people hide their true colors for a long time, trying to collect the required amount of funds to achieve their goal. It’s easier to pretend to be modest and quiet. The goal does not always scare others. It turns out, according to the author, from any absurd dream you can make something that changes a person completely. The small world allows you to hide behind closed doors. A.P. Chekhov also offers seemingly absurd solutions. There should be a “man with a hammer” behind the doors. He knocks, reminding of the bright beginnings of dreams. The hammer does not allow compassion and pity for loved ones to “fall asleep.” The knock will not let love die and kindness perish. The hammer is the guardian of the soul. As soon as anger and callousness get close, he will begin to sound the alarm. Is this possible in reality? Of course yes. Friends, parents, and teachers can “knock.” Every person should have those who love them. The transformation of kindness into cruelty will then become singular, exceptional.
The meaning of the goal. A dream is the meaning of life. I want the goal to improve a person, but people do not always dream of the sublime. Some of the desires are related to improvements in everyday life: home, appliances, decorations. An estate with gooseberries in the form of an official’s desire is not surprising. The reader does not see anything reprehensible in the fact that he is saving for an estate. Patience and perseverance wins over at some point. Only a purposeful person can strive for a goal in this way. A quiet official who does not have his own opinion turns into a “pig.”
A kind young man, obsessed with hoarding, becomes a cruel family despot, taking away a cup of liqueur and a delicious pie from his wife. Internal changes are scary. Only the personality itself can stop the disintegration of personality. But if she doesn't want this, there is a loss of signs of humanity. The goal then may not matter at all; what matters is the path a person takes towards it.
"The Cherry Orchard"
A.P. Chekhov hated lies, hypocrisy and stupidity, and therefore believed that people who possess such qualities are not capable of kindness and mercy, their destiny is cruelty.
- Hidden cruelty, cruelty - selfishness and indifference. Sometimes external courtesy masks a cold and cruel nature. For example, Lyubov Ranevskaya hid behind her own screen of “luxury” when she barely had enough money to survive. On the last day before the auction, she organized a magnificent reception, so that the guests would not doubt her hospitality and generosity. While maintaining excellent manners, the woman coldly and selfishly abandoned the fate of the estate, which could have become a dowry for her daughters. But the heroine thought only about own well-being, while poor children suffered from her cruelty, whom she abandoned in the care of the “uncle.” Lyubov Andreevna not only allowed herself to lose her family nest, but also thoughtlessly spent all the family money on maintaining her lover and a cheerful life abroad. The mother was not worried about the future of her daughters; she lived here and now only for herself. But at the same time, the heroine portrayed tenderness, care and even nostalgia for childhood, as if her family meant something to her. Such an attitude towards loved ones is the height of cruelty, embodied in decent selfishness. However, Ranevskaya hid her true face under aristocratic antics, so no one noticed her cruelty.
- Kindness does not bring happiness. While the inhabitants of the house are busy with unnecessary problems, Ermolai Lopakhin is busy thinking about a plan to “save” them. He offers the only reasonable option - to divide the garden into summer cottages and rent them out, paying off debts. However, his proposal is ignored. The basis of his behavior, undoubtedly, is good nature towards his “friends”, whom he is sincerely ready to help, even if pursuing personal goals. Despite his aggressive instinct and rude treatment, the hero is a sincere, kind and peace-loving person suffering from psychological inequality with his former masters. Throughout the play he tried to propose adopted daughter Ranevskaya, but never dared to do so, because, despite his wealth and success, he did not consider himself an equal to the young lady. Although his offer would be a blessing for her, because without a luxurious dowry and a good pedigree, she could not find a husband. However, all his good intentions are dashed by misunderstanding on the part of those around him. They do not bring him happiness, which he repeatedly says himself in conversations with other heroes.
- What qualities does he have? kind person? A bright “creature” who has good intentions and thoughts is Anya, the heroine of the play “”. She sincerely believes that an even more beautiful and fertile garden can be planted instead of the old plot. The girl does not wish harm to anyone; in her future garden there is a place for every person, regardless of their social status and income. There people are judged by other criteria - intelligence, nobility and abilities. Thinking about a wonderful future, the heroine learns virtues in the present tense. She does not judge her mother for her wastefulness and depravity, or her uncle for his selfishness and inability to live in the material world. Anya relies on herself and does not shift responsibility for her life to other people. But her most important advantage is her desire to take care of the interests of the whole society. That is why Anya can be considered a kind person, since she wishes happiness not only for herself, but for the entire estate. Thus, kindness involves the development of qualities such as sensitivity, tact, fairness and the ability to care for other people.
And, despite the tragic situation of the heroes of the play " Cherry Orchard“, there is still a glimmer of morality in the book. However, there is still more cruelty.
Kindness and cruelty in “Oles” by Kuprin
Option 1
In the story “Olesya” by Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, the reader encounters both kindness and cruelty.
The first example of cruelty is described in the story of the old woman Manuilikha. Before she settled in the forest, isolated from everyone, Manuilikha and her granddaughter lived in the village itself. They were strangers in the village, and the locals considered Manuilikha a witch, although she had not done anything bad to anyone.
One day the old woman had a fight with one of the local women, and her child died soon after the quarrel. The village residents blamed Manuilikha for the death and drove her and her granddaughter out of the village.
On the way to the forest, the old woman, as best she could, shielded her granddaughter from the stones of her fellow villagers.
The author also describes the manifestation of toughness in the scene when Olesya decided to go to the village church for the sake of her beloved. The women, seeing the girl in the church, seemed to go wild. They beat her and wanted to smear her with tar, but Olesya miraculously managed to escape from their hands and run away into the forest. At the same time, she loudly cursed those who attacked her.
Terrible bad weather hit the village, hail destroyed the harvest. Naturally, in this natural disaster they saw the witchcraft machinations of Olesya and her grandmother.
The villagers were preparing for revenge, but the grandmother and granddaughter escaped.
In a word, the villagers were very cruel towards old Manuilikha and her granddaughter, they were ready to blame them for all their troubles.
We can say that the master, the narrator of the story, who became Olesya’s lover, was kind to the girl. He also fell in love with her and did not want the grandmother and granddaughter to move to other places. He gave the policeman his gun so that he would not touch the women.
But, from my point of view, the master could have done much more for his beloved.
Option 2
In the story, the theme of kindness and cruelty is very clearly revealed by the author. We see how the embittered villagers approach Olesya and her grandmother. They consider them witches and do not give them life, driving them out of the village.
In the scene when Olesya, having gone to church, was faced with the beating of believing villagers, it is clear that the cruelty of people knew no bounds. In response to the aggression, anger and cruel attitude of the villagers towards her, Olesya curses in her hearts. Of course, such an act is also not kindness, but its motivation is clear and obvious. Cruelty is only capable of giving rise to retaliatory aggression.
In the work there is only one hero who is kind to his grandmother, to the old woman Manuilikha, and her granddaughter, this is Ivan Timofeevich, the narrator, who is trying to protect them. But after his departure, they are left alone, as a result they run away from these places, since the cruelty crossed all boundaries.
Kindness and cruelty in Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment"
Option 1
Why do good people become evil and cruel? This reincarnation can be explained in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “”. Rodion Raskolnikov is a kind man with a sensitive and vulnerable soul. This character trait is clearly demonstrated by his dream, where he weeps bitterly, feeling sorry for the poor horse beaten to death by the men. The reader also sees the hero’s caring attitude towards grief strangers.
He leaves his last money to the Marmeladovs, sympathizing with their loss. How did it happen that this particular man brutally murders two women, without even having a personal motive? This is all due to the suffocating atmosphere of the city, where glaring social inequality is so desperately evident. While a few rich people travel around the capital in smart carriages, thousands of poor people are forced to give their last belongings to moneylenders in order not to die of hunger.
Rodion himself huddles in a tiny room, drops out of school, which he is unable to pay, and his sister wants to marry for convenience just to provide for her family. The hero cannot come to terms with lack of rights, he wants to change the world, so he steps over himself and becomes someone who is capable of cruelty.
Even a good person can become bitter if faced with insurmountable difficulties that break his will. This example was described by F. M. Dostoevsky in the novel “Crime and Punishment.” Marmeladov had a kind heart, because he married a poor widow with small children out of pity. He knew that the woman and her family were facing poverty, and saved her from shame, giving her the opportunity to lead a modest but decent lifestyle. However, over time, something in the man broke, the load turned out to be too heavy.
Having taken on enormous responsibility, he failed to cope with it. He began to take out his stress with alcohol, lost his job, and the whole family found themselves without a livelihood. Semyon Zakharovich’s addiction to alcoholic beverages completely took over, he lost his dignity and deteriorated. His own daughter earned money from the panel, and he drank it away, depriving his wife and children. This is real cruelty, because Sonya got the pennies drunk by her father at the cost of shame and humiliation.
How did he come to such blasphemous behavior? The reason is that he became a slave bad habit and lost myself. Physical decline and moral decline turned Marmeladov into a hard-hearted egoist, capable only of satisfying his whims at the expense of other people.
Option 2
The cruelty of the surrounding world oppressed Rodion Raskolnikov. He could not calmly watch how the poor suffered in poverty, and the rich lived in luxury, and believed that his calling was to restore justice. Cruelty begets cruelty: Raskolnikov kills the old money-lender, whom he considers worthless and unworthy of existence, and then, unintentionally, takes the life of her sister.
But the crime does not bring the hero the expected relief; on the contrary, it dooms him to torment and suffering. In difficult moments of loneliness, he meets Sonya Marmeladova - an example of virtue and philanthropy. The girl brings Raskolnikov back to life, forcing him to abandon inhumane ideas and change his worldview.
Essay How does the cruelty of the human soul manifest itself?
Who is a cruel person? Rigidity is human feeling, not knowing pity, inhumanity, regret, sympathy. There are many cruel people in life who are negligent towards each other, while they do not think about the consequences of their actions. I will give examples from fiction, where the inhumanity of one person can destroy another.
So in the work of A.N. one of the main characters, the wealthy merchant Kabanikha, was grumpy and despotic. Her goal was to subjugate as much as possible more people, so that they observe the traditions and laws sacredly observed by her. She could insult her children and daughter-in-law and still laugh about it. Her boundless cruelty leads to tragedies: Katerina throws herself into the river and dies. Tikhon, having learned about the death of his wife, blames his mother for everything, but she is deeply indifferent to his feelings and experiences. The author shows us that with her strength and power, Kabanikha remains alone.
Thus, with the help of such a terrible story, Ostrovsky proves to his readers that cruelty is always destructive towards others and oneself.
Let's remember another work by A.P. “In the Pharmacy,” where the main character is Yegor Alekseevich Svoikin, a home teacher who urgently needed medicine, as he was very ill. The author draws our attention to the pharmacist, who lacks a sense of compassion and indifference to people. Due to the inability to sympathize and help people, due to a person’s lack of material resources, they leave him to die, not wanting to listen to anything.
Thus, using the example of this story, the author shows us that the absence of compassion, but the presence of cruelty pushes people to commit monstrous acts.
Thus, we can conclude that cruel people the most unhappy because they are unable to love anyone, not even themselves. They destroy the destinies of various people.
“Cruelty, like any evil, does not need motivation; she just needs a reason” (J. Eliot)
Cruelty is a property of a person’s character, manifested in aggression, inhumane, rude attitude towards others, the world, and nature. People endowed with this quality are capable of causing pain to others, causing them suffering, and encroaching on life itself. At the same time, other feelings - sympathy, compassion, generosity - seem to atrophy in their soul. Cruelty destroys human nature.
This theme is developed in A. Platonov’s story “Yushka”. The main character of the work is the blacksmith's assistant Efim Dmitrievich, whom everyone called Yushka. His life was simple, unpretentious, he worked from morning to night, wore old clothes. Thin and weak, he was sick with consumption and therefore looked like an old man. Both children and adults often attacked him, considered him “blessed,” mocked him, and beat him. However, Yushka resignedly endured all the insults and humiliations, believing that the people loved him, it’s just that “people’s hearts can be blind.”
But why did people torture him? Because he was not like them: Yushka was kind, patient, meek. “Why are you walking around here so blessed and unlikeable? What do you think is so special? You live simply and clearly, as I live, and don’t think anything secretly!” - those around him demanded from Yushka. They considered him a holy fool; they did not understand why he lived in the world. And then one day a passer-by attacked him, pushed the old man, and he never got up again. And after some time, a young girl appeared in the city, looking for Efim Dmitrievich. It turned out that this was his pupil, whose fate he had arranged. The girl trained to be a doctor and came to treat Yushka. Having learned about his death, she stayed in the city and began working as a doctor, selflessly helping all the needy and sick. And everyone considered her Yushka’s daughter.
What did Platonov want to say with his story? Cruelty and selfishness reign in people's relationships. Moreover, this cruelty is causeless; there is no motivation for its manifestation. That is why there is no necessary harmony in life.
Another example is Ch. Aitmatov’s novel “The Scaffold”. In the novel, three storylines are connected together - the line of Avdiy Kallistratov, the line of the wolves Akbara and Tashchainar, the line of the shepherd Boston. The work begins with a description of a wolf family living peacefully in the Moyunkum savannah. They have their first wolf cubs. But this prosperity ends when humans invade the life of the savannah. The original prey of wolves has always been saigas, but now people are destroying saigas in order to fulfill the meat supply plan. During this operation, the wolf cubs of Akbara and Tashchainar die. Then they have cubs again, but people begin to build a road to the mining site, set fire to the reeds - the cubs die. And for the third time, the wolves fail to save their offspring. In the finale we truly see tragic story. An insidious, cruel, immoral man, Bazarbai, accidentally stumbles upon a wolf’s den, steals all the wolf cubs of Akbar and Tashchainar only in order to later sell them at a profit. On the way, he visits the shepherd Boston, and then leaves with his prey. And the wolves begin to circle around Boston's home. Wanting to take revenge on the man, Akbara takes his cub. The solution to this situation is several deaths: wolves die, small child, the son of Boston (trying to save his son, Boston shoots Akbar, who is carrying a child), as well as Bazarbai, who kidnapped the wolf cubs (Boston kills him in despair, considering him the culprit of his misfortune). Akbar's she-wolf embodies in the work Mother Nature, who rebels against the man who destroys her.
Other storyline the novel is the line of Avdiy Kallistratov, a “heretic-new-thinker” expelled from the theological seminary for his ideas. This hero is trying to save the world from cruelty, violence, and evil. He takes the path of fighting drug addicts, trying to guide them on the true path, wants to help them repent, understand their delusions. To do this, he, along with the “messengers,” goes to the Asian steppes to buy marijuana, then he has to participate in the extermination of saigas. However, this path turns into the death of Avdiy - first they brutally beat him, throw him off the train, and then they decide to get rid of him altogether - they crucify him on a clumsy saxaul. But the death of Aitmatov’s hero is self-sacrifice, Avdiy’s last words are about “saving human souls.” And this image, of course, in Aitmatov’s work is deeply tragic, because the hero bears in his soul responsibility for all human evil and tries to find the truth. Therefore he is doomed to death.
The image of Obadiah in the story reminds us of the image of Christ, crucified for love, faith, and goodness. Thus, the main idea of the story is that the basis of all moral, social, social cataclysms lies in the sinfulness of man. This is exactly what Aitmatov is talking about we're talking about in an interpolated legend conveying the story of Christ and Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea. “So, know, Roman ruler, the end of the world will not come from me, not from natural disasters, but from the hostility of people. From that hostility and those victories that you glorify in the enthusiasm of the state...” - Christ says to the procurator before the death penalty.
The author's position in the novel is expressed very clearly; we acutely feel the writer's anxiety for the dying nature, the dying generation, for the world drowning in vices. Ch. Aitmatov says that a society whose life is based on sinfulness, achievement material goods, devaluation of the concepts of “good” and “evil” - such a society is doomed to destruction.
Thus, cruelty gives rise to base instincts in a person and invariably leads to sin and crimes.
Searched here:
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Date of publication: 09.09.2018
Argument for the final essay in the direction of "Kindness and Cruelty"
Possible theses:
People are often cruel to those who are harmless
People often act cruel for no reason
True kindness manifests itself in action and selflessness.
Argument:
Platonov's story "Yushka" is small piece about a man with a big heart. The main character, Efim Dmitrievich, never did anything bad to anyone, but those around him were cruel to him. Everyone tried to offend the man who was weak from illness, knowing that he would not harm in return. Children threw branches and stones at him, adults wished him death, were rude, and sometimes even threw swings. Yushka endured all the bullying in silence. He endured not because he was afraid to contradict, but because he was simple-minded and kind. It’s hard to believe, but even in the depths of his soul this man did not harbor any grudge against his offenders. There was no such concept in the philosophy of Efim Dmitrievich. The hero was sure that people needed him, that they loved him in their own way and did not know how to express it.
In addition, while those around him firmly believed that Yushka was “trampling the earth in vain,” he was the only ray of light for the little orphan. Receiving an insignificant salary for hard work, this Efim Dmitrievich denied himself everything. The man saved money and once a year took it to a complete stranger who had no one else. Thanks to Yushka's kindness, she found her place in life. But, unfortunately, people learned about this only after the death of a man whom they considered a “nonentity.”
