Basic information Adyrna is an ancient multi-stringed plucked musical instrument. Used by the ancient Turks and Kipchaks. Initially it was made in the shape of a bow from wood and leather. Pegs are attached to the horns, then the strings are pulled. Sometimes the instrument was stylized to resemble horned animals (deer, deer, goat). The technique of playing the instrument is plucking the strings with your fingers. Video: Adyrna on video + sound Video from
Basic information Acoustic bass guitar is a plucked string musical instrument, an acoustic type of bass guitar. Belongs to the guitar family. Video: Acoustic bass guitar on video + sound Thanks to these videos, you can get acquainted with the instrument, watch a real game on it, listen to its sound, feel the specifics of the technique: Sales: where to buy/order?
Basics Acoustic guitar- stringed musical instrument. Unlike electric guitars, acoustic guitars have a hollow body that acts as a resonator, although modern acoustic guitars may have built-in pickups, either magnetic or piezoelectric, with an equalizer and volume control. The acoustic guitar is the main instrument of such genres as art song, folk, and occupies an important place in Gypsy and Cuban folk music.
Basic information The harp is a plucked string musical instrument. It is believed that she surpasses all her neighbors in the orchestra in the beauty of her appearance. Its graceful outlines hide the shape of a triangle, and the metal frame is decorated with carvings. Strings are pulled onto the frame (47-48) different lengths and thickness, which form a transparent mesh. At the beginning of the 19th century, the ancient harp was improved by the famous piano maker Erard.
Basic information Baglamazaki - Greek string player plucked instrument with three double strings. "Baglamazaki" literally means "little baglama" in Greek. That is, baglamazaki is a smaller version of bouzouki (which is often called baglama). Used as a solo and ensemble instrument. Part of the Greek national orchestra, along with bouzouki (baglama). For orchestras playing in the rebetiko style
Basic information Balalaika is a Russian folk stringed musical instrument. The length of balalaikas is very different: from 600-700 mm (prima balalaika) to 1.7 meters (subcontrabass balalaika) long, with a triangular, slightly curved (in the 18th-19th centuries also oval) wooden body. The body is glued together from separate (6-7) segments, the head of the long neck is slightly bent back. Metal strings (In the 18th century, two of
Basic information Banjo is a plucked string musical instrument with a tambourine-shaped body and a long wooden neck with a neck on which 4 to 9 core strings are stretched. A type of guitar with a resonator (the extended part of the instrument is covered with leather, like a drum). Thomas Jefferson mentions the banjo in 1784 - the instrument was probably brought to America by blacks
Basic information Bandura is a Ukrainian folk stringed musical instrument, has an oval body and a short neck. The strings (on old instruments - 12-25, on modern ones - 53-64) are partly stretched over the neck (the so-called bunts, longer, low-sounding), and partly attached to the soundboard (the so-called pristrukki, shorter, high-sounding). Pandura tuning is mixed, in lower case
Basic information A baritone guitar is a plucked string musical instrument, a guitar with a longer scale (27″) than a regular one, which allows it to be tuned to a lower sound. Invented by Danelectro in the 1950s. The baritone guitar is a transitional model between a regular electric guitar and a bass guitar. A baritone guitar also has six strings, just like a regular guitar, but they are tuned lower.
Basic information Bass guitar is a plucked string musical instrument, a type of guitar designed for playing in the bass range. Used in many musical styles and genres as an accompanying and, less often, solo instrument. Since its introduction in the mid-20th century, it has become one of the most common bass instruments, especially in popular music. Bass guitar part in a piece of music
Basic information Bouzouki is a plucked string musical instrument, a type of lute. Derived from the ancient Greek kithara (lyre). Also known under the name “baglama”, it is common in Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Ireland (“zouk”) and in a slightly modified form in Turkey (Turkish bouzouki). The classic bouzouki has 4 double metal strings (archaic - baglama - 3 double). To the bouzouki family
Basics The Valiha is a Madagascar plucked string instrument. In its classic form, it is a cylindrical piece of a hollow bamboo trunk. Strips of bark split off from the trunk (from 7 to 20, most often 13) serve as strings that are plucked with fingers. During the game, the performer holds the wallah on his knees. The modernized shaft is equipped with metal or gut strings and pegs. Its length is
Basic information Wambi (ubo, kissumbo) is a plucked string musical instrument, common in Sudan and tropical countries East Africa. The body is hollowed out of wood or made from dried pumpkin, and covered with a wooden deck on top. There are no pegs; the strings are tied at one end to reed pegs in the lower part of the body, and at the other to flexible bamboo rods, which, trying to straighten,
Basic information Veena is an ancient Indian plucked string musical instrument. It is called Saraswati Vina, named after Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and arts. It is shaped like a lute. The sound of the wine is soft, rich in nuances. Its inventor is considered to be Narada, the son of Brahma. The most ancient explanations of its types are found in Soma, the author musical composition"Raghavibada". Images of so-called Bengal wine are found
Basic information The vihuela is a Spanish plucked string musical instrument, close to the lute and having six double (tuned in unison) strings, the first string could be single. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the vihuela was especially popular in aristocratic circles, rules good manners and aristocratic upbringing required mastery of the art of playing the vihuela, the musicians who played the vihuela and wrote for it were
Basic information Guitar is a plucked string musical instrument, one of the most widespread in the world. It is used as an accompanying instrument in many musical styles, as well as a solo classical instrument. It is a primary instrument in styles of music such as blues, country, flamenco, rock music and many forms of popular music. The electric guitar, invented in the 20th century, had a profound impact
Basics The Warr guitar (or tap guitar, also Warr guitar) is a plucked string musical instrument designed by Mark Warr. Belongs to the guitar family. Warr's guitar looks very similar to a regular electric guitar, but can be played with tapping like a Chapman stick, as well as pizzicato. Traditional bass guitar techniques, such as slap-and-pop and double-tamping, can also be used.
Basic information Guitar-harp (harp guitar) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, a type of guitar. Contemporary makers Charles A. Hoffman and Jim Worland Prominent harp guitarists Muriel Anderson Stephen Bennett John Doan William Eaton Beppe Gambetta Michael Hedges Dan LaVoie Andy McKee Andy Wahlberg Robbie Robertson (during The Last Waltz) Jimmy Page Pat Metheny Jeff Martin Michael Lardie Video:
The Guitarrón, or "big guitar" (in Spanish, the suffix "-on" indicates large size) is a Mexican double-stringed plucked musical instrument. A unique Mexican six-string acoustic bass guitar of very large size. Despite the obvious similarities with the guitar, the guitarron was invented separately, it is a modification of the Spanish instrument bajo de una. Due to its large size, the guitarron does not need
Basic information GRAN guitar (new Russian acoustic) is a plucked string musical instrument, which is a classical guitar on which 2 sets of strings are installed at different heights from the neck: nylon and, closer to the neck, metal. A similar idea was proposed by Stradivarius, but was not widespread. Invented by Chelyabinsk guitarists Vladimir Ustinov and Anatoly Olshansky. Thanks to the efforts of the authors, I received
Basic information Gusli is an ancient plucked string musical instrument, the name of which in Russia refers to several varieties of recumbent harps. Psalted harps have similarities with the Greek psalter and the Hebrew kinnor; these include: Chuvash gusli, Cheremis gusli, clavier-shaped gusli and gusli, which are similar to the Finnish kantele, Latvian kukles and Lithuanian kankles. We are talking about the instruments that existed
Basic information Dobro is a plucked string musical instrument. Even though the dobro looks like a guitar, has 6 strings like a guitar, and fits into a case like a guitar, it is not a guitar. It is distinguished by a number of essential qualities, and first of all, the presence of a special resonator, which amplifies the sound and gives it a unique timbre. Origin This acoustic resonator was
Basic information Dombra is a Kazakh two-stringed plucked musical instrument, a relative of the Russian domra and balalaika. It is also found in Uzbekistan (Dumbyra, Dumbrak), Bashkiria (Dumbyra). The sound of the dombra is quiet and soft. It is extracted by plucking, blowing with a brush or a pick. Folk storytellers - akyns - accompany their singing by playing the dombra. Playing the dombra musical compositions is the favorite form of artistic creativity of the Kazakhs. Under
Basic information Domra is an ancient Russian stringed musical instrument. It has three (sometimes four) strings and is usually played with a pick. Domra is the prototype of the Russian balalaika. The domra consists of a neck with pegs in the upper part and a wooden body with a shield in the lower part. Also, strings are attached below and stretched to the pricks. Information about
Basic information Dumbyra is a Bashkir stringed musical instrument. Closely related instruments are also common among the Kazakhs (dombra), Uzbeks, other Turkic peoples, and also among the Tajiks. In comparison with the Kazakh dombra, the dumbyra is noticeably different in its shorter neck length. Dumbyra is a traditional instrument of folk storytellers-sesens. Epic tales and kubairs, as well as songs, were performed to her accompaniment. Dumbyra had
Basic information Zhetygen is a Kazakh and Turkic ancient stringed musical instrument, resembling a gusli or a recumbent harp in shape. The classic zhetygen has seven strings, the modern reconstructed one has 15. The most ancient type of zhetygen was an oblong box, hollowed out from a piece of wood. This zhetygen had neither a top deck nor pegs. The strings were stretched by hand from the outside
Basic information Kantele is a Karelian and Finnish plucked string musical instrument, related to the gusli. Ancient kantele had five gut strings, modern ones are equipped with metal strings and their number reaches thirty-four. When playing, the kantele is held on the knees in a horizontal or slightly inclined position and the strings are plucked with the fingers of both hands. They play the kantele solo and accompany the runes.
Basic information The Kayageum is a Korean multi-string plucked musical instrument. One of the most common string instruments in Korea. The appearance of Kayagym dates back to the 6th century. It has a flat, elongated resonator body with two holes at one end. The number of strings may vary; The most popular is the 12-string gayageum. Each string corresponds to a special movable stand (“filly”), with the help of which
Basics The cithara is an ancient Greek plucked string musical instrument, similar to the professional version of the lyre. It has a deep cavity used as a volumetric resonator. Kifara is one of the most common plucked musical instruments in Ancient Greece. For the Greeks, it personifies the universe, repeating Heaven and Earth in its form. The strings symbolize the different levels of the universe. Attribute of Apollo and Terpsichore. Kiphara, like
Basic information The classical guitar (Spanish, six-string) is a plucked string musical instrument, the main representative of the guitar family, a plucked string musical instrument of bass, tenor and soprano registers. IN modern form has existed since the second half of the 18th century, used as an accompanying, solo and ensemble instrument. The guitar has great artistic and performing capabilities and a wide variety of timbres. The classical guitar has six strings, the main
Basic information Kobza is a Ukrainian lute-like plucked string musical instrument with 4 (or more) paired strings. The kobza consists of a body and a neck; on the neck there are 8-10 frets, with the help of which the sounds of a chromatic scale can be obtained on each string. There were also instruments without frets. The predecessor of the kobza is a small lute-shaped instrument, probably of Turkic or Bulgar origin.
Basic information The hurdy-gurdy (organistrum, hardy-hardy) is a plucked string musical instrument, shaped like a violin case, which is rightfully considered the predecessor of the nyckelharpa. The performer holds the lyre on his lap. Most of its strings (6-8) sound simultaneously, vibrating as a result of friction with the wheel rotated right hand. One or two separate strings, the sounding part of which is shortened or lengthened using rods
Basics The kora is an African plucked musical instrument with 21 strings, common in West Africa. In structure and sound, the kora is close to the lute and harp. The bark is the central instrument in musical tradition Mandinka people. It is often used together with djembe and balafon. Traditionally, the kora is played by griots - wandering singers, storytellers and keepers of legends.
Basic information Koto (Japanese zither) is a Japanese plucked string musical instrument. The koto, along with the hayashi and shakuhachi flutes, the tsuzumi drum and the shamisen, is a traditional Japanese musical instrument. Similar instruments are characteristic of the culture of Korea (kayageum) and China (qixianqin). The Japanese koto zither (the ancient name is “so”), without exaggeration, can be considered a symbol musical culture Japan, like
Basic information The Cuatro is a plucked string musical instrument from the guitar family. Distributed throughout Latin America, and especially in musical ensembles in Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Puerto Rico. Usually it has four strings, but there are modifications of this instrument with a different number of strings. Video: Cuatro on video + sound Thanks to these videos you can get acquainted with the instrument, watch
Basic information, device Lavabo (rawap, rabob) is a plucked string musical instrument, common among the Uyghurs inhabiting the Xinjiang province in northwestern China. Similar to Asian rubab. Lavabo has a small round wooden body with a leather top and a long neck with a bent head. The latter is equipped with two horn-like processes at the base. Usually there are 21-23 frets (silk) on the neck,
Basic information The lyre is a plucked string musical instrument in the form of a yoke with two curved posts protruding from the resonator body and connected closer to the upper end by a crossbar, to which five or more core strings are stretched from the body. Origin, historical notes Originating in prehistoric times in the Middle East, the lyre was one of the main instruments among the Jews, and
Basic information The lute is an ancient plucked string musical instrument. The word "lute" probably comes from the Arabic word "al'ud" ("wood"), although recent research by Eckhard Neubauer argues that 'ud is simply an Arabized version of the Persian word rud, meaning string, stringed instrument, or lute. At the same time, Gianfranco Lotti believes that in early Islam “tree” was a term with
Basic information Mandolin (Italian mandolino) is a small-sized plucked string musical instrument, similar to a lute, but with a shorter neck and fewer strings. Derived from mandora and pandurina, etc. The strings are touched not by the player’s fingers, but by a pick or plectrum, using the tremolo technique. Because metal strings mandolins produce a short sound, then long notes
Basic information Ngombi is an African plucked string musical instrument, something like a harp with ten strings. The strings are attached, on the one hand, to a wooden resonator body, upholstered in leather, and to a knot extending from it, on the other; The knot is equipped with small pegs for tuning the strings. Sometimes the structure is crowned with a carved wooden figurine. The first five strings differ by an octave from the rest.
Basics The pipa is a Chinese lute-type plucked string musical instrument that plays an important role in Chinese folk music. Pipa is one of the most common and famous Chinese musical instruments, a bent neck, 4 strings, tuned in fourths or fifths. Pipa is widely distributed in Central and Southern China. Since the 8th century it has also been known in Japan under
Basic information Seven-string (Russian) guitar» title=»Seven-string (Russian) guitar» /> The seven-string guitar (seven-string, Russian, gypsy guitar) is a plucked string musical instrument, one of the varieties of guitars. Origin, history The seven-string guitar appeared in Russia at the end of the 18th - early XIX century. Her popularity is associated with the musician Andrei Osipovich Sihra, who wrote about a thousand works for her. According to one
Basic information The Sitar is an Indian plucked string musical instrument with a rich, orchestral sound. The name “sitar” comes from the Turkic words “se” - seven and “tar” - string. The sitar has seven main strings, hence the name. The sitar belongs to the lute family; in Asia there are many analogues of this instrument in terms of appearance and sound, for example the Tajik “setor”, with
At first it was just a passion, a hobby. Today, people passing by Voronezh specifically stop by the city to visit the “Museum of Forgotten Music”, created by Sergei Plotnikov. Once he was a member of an ensemble that performed ethnographic songs using outdated folk musical instruments - now he plays only for the soul, and devotes all his time to recreating and restoring musical instruments in order to tell as many people as possible about the hurdy-gurdy, gusli, whistle, kalyuka, zhaleika and other unique masterpieces from the history of Russian music. IN exclusive interview Sergei Plotnikov spoke to the Kultura.RF portal about the most interesting forgotten musical instruments.
Gusli
Sergey Plotnikov:“I have two favorite instruments - the gusli and hurdy-gurdy. Gusli is an instrument on which almost anything can be played. You can sing spiritual poems, compose epics, perform dance tunes, drawn-out tunes, or simply play music. Not all modern songs are suitable for the gusli, but the songs of Viktor Tsoi sound good.
There were three types of folk harp: lyre-shaped, wing-shaped and helmet-shaped. The oldest option is the lyre-shaped harp, which fell out of use in the 14th century. They have a small number of strings - 5-6 pieces and not a very large sound range. Sadko, Stavr Godinovich, Dobrynya Nikitich - all the epic heroes, in theory, were supposed to play the lyre-shaped harp. Then winged harps appeared, which people used until the 1980s. Helmet-shaped harps were very popular in paintings and films. But they belonged to the folk tradition of the Mari and Chuvash. In the Russian folk tradition, they have wing-shaped gusli, and helmet-shaped ones were considered an instrument of noble society, so they were not used by peasants.
Previously, when they did not yet know how to produce wire, intestinal and vein strings were used for the gusli, or a twisted string served as a string. horsehair. Then the strings became metal, they sound much louder. By the way, in the Middle Ages, when playing at dances, volume was one of the main advantages of the instrument.
hurdy-gurdy
The hurdy-gurdy is a very specific and interesting musical instrument. He most likely appeared in Central Europe in the X–XI centuries. Either in France or in Spain. Initially, the instrument was played by two people; the keys were located not from below, as now, but from above; one turned the handle, and the second played music.
In Russia, the first information about a hurdy-gurdy dates back to the 17th century.
Peak of popularity - XIX century. Lyre singers are a kind of philosophers who performed exclusively spiritual poems and gospel stories, biblical parables, poems about the separation of the soul from the body, and about the afterlife. A recording from the 19th century has been preserved, where the lyre player is asked: “All the songs are sad, do you know anything more cheerful?” He says: “I know, but I won’t play because it’s all empty.”
Harmonic
At the “Living Antiquity” festival in Rostov the Great
This original folk musical instrument appeared in the middle of the 19th century.
There are 50 species of accordion in Russia. Outwardly they are all similar, but they have different systems and different sounds. Each province tried to come up with its own version of the accordion or remake an existing instrument to suit its performing tradition. They were mainly bought to play at weddings. The accordion was the most expensive instrument. There was even such a concept as “the price of an accordion.” In Yelets they asked: “How much does an accordion cost?” The seller replied: “30 weddings.” The wedding accompaniment of an accordion player cost 10 rubles. I worked for 30 weddings and paid off the price of the accordion.
Horn
Horns, as well as harps and domras, were often called “demonic vessels” by clergy in written medieval sources. There is a mention of the German traveler Adam Olearius, who writes that in Moscow during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, five carts of musical instruments were collected and taken to Bolotnaya Square and burned. Written sources quite often contain angry reviews of clergy about the musical instruments that accompanied the actions condemned by the church. The main thing is that all the instruments have survived to this day. An interesting story is told by Jacob von Stehlin, a German who lived in St. Petersburg in the 18th century. He writes that the whistle is a tool of the mob. In the 17th century in St. Petersburg, the whistle was popular among sailors and soldiers. Peasants actively used the whistle in the 18th century. This instrument was also used by buffoons.
The buffoons, by the way, were very enterprising guys. They went in groups of 60–100 people to a boyar or a rich peasant’s yard, gave a performance without asking and asked for money for it. Whether someone booked their concert, they didn’t care, the performance was given.
Domra
All musical instruments have reached our days, only one has not been physically preserved - the ancient Russian domra.
Domra was widely used by buffoons in Rus' in the 16th–17th centuries as a solo and ensemble (“bass” domra) instrument, but starting from the 15th century, after the release of a number of church and state decrees (one of them - in 1648, by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, “On correction of morals and destruction of superstitions"), buffoonery was persecuted, and domras were destroyed and forgotten.
Now the domrists play a “newly made” instrument.
Balalaika
After the domra fell out of use, the balalaika appeared in Rus'. We are used to seeing the modern (Andreevsky) balalaika and cannot imagine that it was once completely different. The ancestor of our balalaika is most likely the Kalmyk dombra, a two-string balalaika with a very long neck, where one of the playing strings. It sounded more Asian.
Over time, the Russians shortened the neck and added a third string. The folk version of the balalaika appeared at the end of the 17th century. Jacob von Staehlin writes that it is rare that you will not meet a peasant in some courtyard who plays his little things to the courtyard girls on this anti-artistic musical instrument. The tool was easily accessible; you could buy it in any shop or make it yourself.
Horn
The Vladimir horn is a very complex musical instrument from which the sound is produced by the lips. A long pipe produces a low sound. Holes raise notes. The structure of the instrument is very simple - a pipe with five holes, and a great many variations can be played, it depends on the abilities of the performer. It was not for nothing that shepherds who played the horn were paid more than those who could not play it. So there was a big financial incentive.
Zhaleika
“Museum of Forgotten Music” at the “Times and Epochs” festival in 2014
Remember, Valentina Tolkunova sang: “somewhere a pitiful woman is crying...”? This instrument is also in the cartoon “Prince Vladimir”. But in general, only those who study folklore have heard about the pity.
Some say that the name of the instrument was given because it sounds pitiful. Others add that they played pity in cemeteries, so she is a pity. The central part of the instrument, the barrel with playing holes, was called the zhuleyka. This musical instrument has many names. In the Kursk and Tver regions, the instrument was called a horn (a horn was made at the end to amplify the sound), in the Voronezh and Belgorod regions - a pishik.
Kalyuka
Kalyuka is a grass pipe or overtone flute. We all whistled into these tubes when we were kids. Kalyuka is made from any hollow grass - angelica, kokorysh. A thin stream of air, hitting a sharp edge, is cut - and a whistle is produced. We blow weakly - the sound is low, we blow strongly - the sound is high. There are holes at the bottom. Such a simple tool was taken on night duty to herd horses. They went to mowing to the sound of it. It’s a long walk to the field, and to avoid getting bored, they cut the tubes: they played, mowed them, returned home and threw them away. Seasonal tool. Grass is a popular option, but now plastic ones are made. The principle is the same, but it's easier to play.
Kugikly
The most ancient whistled wind instrument, a type of multi-barrel flute. It is unique in its simplicity and performance capabilities. It consists of five fastened tubes, which are made of reeds or reeds, as well as wood, metal or plastic. In the Russian tradition, each tube on kugikl has its own name: “guden”, “podguden”, “medium”, “podpyatushka” and “pyatushka”. It is believed to be a female musical instrument, played by an ensemble of three to four performers. When playing the kugikl, they make sounds with their voices similar to the sound of pipes. The instrument was especially popular in the Bryansk, Kursk and Kaluga regions.
Bagpipes
Everyone is sure that this is traditional Scottish instrument. And in Scotland and Ireland it is called a “bagpipe”. Every nation has some kind of bagpipe. The French have a musette, the Spaniards have a gaita, the Ukrainians have a goat, and the Belarusians have a duda. Descriptions of Russian bagpipes have been found in villages since the 19th century, but Russian bagpipes have not survived to this day.
Vargan
Because of television and movies, most people have a stereotype that only the peoples of the North play the harp. And there were times when there was not a single person in Rus' who would not play a jew’s harp.
Even in boyar houses, girls were taught to play the harp. This is our Russian instrument, but we mistakenly attributed it to the Eskimos.
I am often asked: “Do you share the secrets of your craft? Suddenly a competitor will appear.” I say: the more competitors appear, the more orders there will be. The more tools are made, the more people there are who want them. There is a department of ethnomusicology in Russia, but there is no department of folk instrument studies yet. There are very few enthusiasts like me.”
We thank the “Museum of Forgotten Music” for the photos and video materials provided..
Description of the presentation Russian folk musical instruments Strings on slides
The name “balalaika”, sometimes found in the form “balabaika”, is a folk name, probably given to the instrument in imitation of the strumming, “balakan” of the strings during playing. “To chatter”, “to joke” in the popular dialect means to chatter, to make idle calls. Russian origin can only be attributed to the triangular outline of the body or body of the balalaika, which replaced the round shape of the domra.
From the beginning, the balalaika spread mainly in the northern and eastern provinces of Russia, usually accompanying folk dance songs. But already in mid-19th century centuries, the balalaika was very popular in many places in Russia. It was played not only by village boys, but also by serious court musicians such as Ivan Khandoshkin, I.F. Yablochkin, N.V. Lavrov. However, by the middle XIX century Next to it, there was a harmonica almost everywhere, which gradually replaced the balalaika.
Domra is an ancient Russian musical instrument. Scientists suggest that the ancient ancestor of our Russian domra was an Egyptian instrument, which received the name “pandura” from Greek historians, and was in use several thousand years before our time. This instrument, called “tanbur,” may have come to us through Persia, which traded with Transcaucasia.
Due to their performing capabilities, domras in the orchestra constitute the main melodic group. In addition, the domra finds its use as a solo instrument. Concert plays and works are written for her. Unfortunately, the domra is not particularly popular as a folk instrument in Russia; it is almost never found in villages.
Gusli, Russian plucked instrument. Known in two varieties. The first has a wing-shaped (triangular in later samples) shape, from 5 to 14 strings tuned in steps of the diatonic scale, the second has a helmet-shaped shape and 10-30 strings of the same tuning.
The winged (ringed) harp is played, as a rule, by rattling all the strings and muffling unnecessary sounds with the fingers of the left hand.
They accompanied their own singing on the harp and performed folk songs and dancing, played solo and in ensemble with other instruments
The harmonica comes from an Asian instrument called the shen. Shen was known in Russia for a very long time X-XIII centuries during the period of Tatar-Mongol rule. Some researchers claim that the shen traveled from Asia to Russia, and then to Europe, where it was improved and became a widespread, truly popular musical instrument throughout Europe - the harmonica.
Contrary to the opinion that the accordion is an invention of German masters, Academician A. M. Mirek managed to prove it Russian origin. The harmonica in its modern form - with sliding bellows (pneuma) and a large number of notched metal tongues inside two side bars - appeared in St. Petersburg. Her father, the Czech engineer Frantisek Kirshnik, lived in Russia at that time, and demonstrated his new instrument, with much greater sound power than the sheng, to the people of St. Petersburg in 1783. He also gave his brainchild a Czech name: harmonica. But now this name, like “accordion,” has become colloquial in Russian. The official name of this musical instrument is accordion.
Garmon quickly became Russian national instrument. I was captivated by the harmonica both because of its sonorous voice and the ease of learning to play. The sound is more interesting and stronger than that of any pipe, and it itself is tens of times more compact than the master’s favorite - the “grand piano”.
The button accordion is also a Russian invention. In 1907 it was made by Pyotr Sterligov. The master himself did not boast that he had invented a new instrument. And the new four-row chromatic accordion was given the name of the famous storyteller-musician Ancient Rus' Bayana. This name is inherited by all instruments of this type. The keyboard, invented by the master and located on the right side of the instrument, was called the Sterligov system.
Nowadays, composers write original works for the button accordion, including compositions of large forms of sonatas and concertos. In musical educational institutions There are accordion playing classes that train qualified accordion players. The button accordion remains a folk instrument on which folk music was played and continues to be played.
The first written evidence about the horn appears in the second half of the 18th century. In them, the horn appears as a widespread, native Russian instrument: “This instrument was almost invented by the Russians themselves.” The horn is a conical straight tube with five playing holes on top and one on the bottom. There is a small bell at the lower end, and a glued mouthpiece at the upper end. The total length of the horn ranges from 320 to 830 mm
The word “zhaleika” is not found in any ancient Russian written monument. The first mention of pity is in the notes of A. Tuchkov, dating back to the end of the 18th century. There is reason to assume that the zhaleika was present before this in Zhaleika is a small tube made of willow or elderberry, 10 to 20 cm long, into the upper end of which a squeak with a single tongue made of reeds or goose feather is inserted, and at the lower end there is a bell made of cow horn or from birch bark. The tongue is sometimes cut on the tube itself. The barrel has from 3 to 7 playing holes, thanks to which you can change the pitch of the sound. appearance of another instrument.
The timbre of the pitiful woman is shrill and nasal, sad and pitiful. The instrument was used as a shepherd's instrument; tunes of different genres were played on it alone, in duets, and in ensembles.
Svirel is a Russian instrument of the longitudinal flute type. Mention of flutes is found in ancient Greek myths and legends. This type of instrument existed different nations since ancient times. In Europe, in court music-making (18th century), its name became firmly established - “longitudinal flute”. The flute is a simple wooden (sometimes metal) pipe. At one end there is a whistle device in the form of a “beak”, and in the middle of the front side there are different numbers of playing holes cut out (usually six). The instrument is made from buckthorn, hazel, maple, ash or bird cherry.
Kug kly (kuv kly) ii ii or tsevn tsa ii is a wind musical instrument, a Russian type of multi-barrel flute. As a rule, it consists of three to five hollow tubes of the same diameter, but of different lengths - from 100 to 160 mm. The upper ends of the tubes are open and the lower ends are closed. Kuvikly are not distributed throughout Russia, but only in the Kursk, Bryansk and Kaluga regions. The sound is produced by blowing on the cut edges of the open ends located on the same line. Usually the flute tubes are firmly fastened together, but the quvikles have distinctive feature- in them the pipes are not held together, but held freely in the hand. Use from 2 to 5 tubes. A set of five pipes is called a "pair". The performer playing the “pair” must not only be able to blow the pipes, but also reproduce the missing notes with his voice
The time of the emergence of spoons as a musical instrument in Rus' has not yet been established. The first fairly detailed information about them appears at the end of the 18th century and indicates their wide distribution among peasants. Musical spoons are not much different in appearance from ordinary table spoons. wooden spoons, only they are made from harder wood.
Benui is a percussion musical instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a leather membrane stretched over a wooden rim. Some types of tambourines have metal bells attached to them, which begin to ring when the performer strikes the membrane of the tambourine, rubs it, or shakes the entire instrument.
The ratchet is a folk musical instrument, an idiophone that replaces clapping of hands. Ratchets consist of a set of 18 -20 thin planks (usually oak) 16 -18 cm long. They are connected to each other by a thick rope threaded through the holes in the upper part of the planks. To separate the planks, small wooden plates approximately 2 cm wide are inserted between them at the top. There is no written evidence of whether this instrument was used in Ancient Rus' as a musical instrument. During archaeological excavations in Novgorod in 1992, 2 tablets were found, which, according to V.I. Povetkin, were part of a set of ancient Novgorod rattles in the 12th century.
Basic information The aulos is an ancient woodwind musical instrument. The aulos is considered a distant predecessor of the modern oboe. It was widespread in Western Asia and Ancient Greece. The performer usually played two aulos (or double aulos). Playing the aulos was used in ancient tragedy, during sacrifice, and in military music (in Sparta). Solo singing accompanied by playing the aulos was called avlodia.
Basic information The English horn is a woodwind musical instrument, which is an alto oboe. The English horn received its name due to the erroneous use of the French word anglais (“English”) instead of the correct angle (“curved at an angle” - in the shape of a hunting oboe, from which the English horn originated). Design The structure of the English horn is similar to the oboe, but has a larger size and a pear-shaped bell
Basic information Bansuri is an ancient Indian woodwind musical instrument. Bansuri is a transverse flute made from a single piece of bamboo. Has six or seven playing holes. Bansuri is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Bansuri is very popular among shepherds and is part of their customs. It can also be seen in Buddhist paintings around the year 100 AD
Basic information Bass clarinet (Italian: clarinetto basso) is a woodwind musical instrument, a bass type of clarinet that appeared in the second quarter of the 19th century. The range of the bass clarinet is from D (D of the major octave; on some models the range is extended down to B1 - B-flat counter-octave) to B1 (B-flat of the first octave). It is theoretically possible to extract more high sounds, but they are not applied.
Basic information The Bassethorn is a woodwind musical instrument, a type of clarinet. The basset horn has the same structure as a regular clarinet, but is longer, causing it to sound lower. For compactness, the basset horn tube is slightly curved at the mouthpiece and at the bell. In addition, the instrument is equipped with several additional valves that extend its range down to the note C (as written). Basset horn tone
Basic information, history The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument from the family of whistled wind instruments, such as the pipe and ocarina. A recorder is a type of longitudinal flute. The recorder has been known in Europe since the 11th century. It was widespread in the 16th-18th centuries. Used as a solo instrument, in ensembles and orchestras. A. Vivaldi, G. F. Telemann, G. F. wrote for the recorder.
Basic information Brelka is a Russian folk wind wooden musical instrument that existed in former times in a pastoral environment, and now occasionally appears on concert venues in the hands of musicians of folk ensembles. The keychain has a strong sound with a very bright and light timbre. The keychain in its essence is nothing more than an ancient version of the oboe, however, compared to the shepherd's pity,
Basic information The whistle is a woodwind musical instrument, a Celtic folk pipe. Whistles are usually made from tin, but there are also wooden, plastic and even silver versions of the instruments. Whistle is very popular not only in Ireland, but throughout Europe. Most whistles, however, are made in England and Ireland, and they are also the most popular among whistlers. Whistles exist
Basic information The oboe is a wind wooden musical instrument of the soprano register, which is a conical tube with a valve system and a double reed (reed). The instrument has a melodious, but somewhat nasal, and sharp timbre in the upper register. The instruments, considered the direct predecessors of the modern oboe, have been known since antiquity and have been preserved in their original form in different cultures. Folk instruments such
Basic information The oboe d'amore is a woodwind musical instrument, very similar to a regular oboe. The oboe d'amore is slightly larger than a regular oboe and, in comparison, produces a less assertive and softer, calmer sound. In the oboe family he is placed as a mezzo-soprano or alto. The range is from G of the small octave to D of the third octave. Oboe d'amore
Basic information, origin Di (henchui, handi - transverse flute) is an ancient Chinese wind wooden musical instrument. Di is one of the most common wind instruments in China. Presumably it was brought from Central Asia between 140 and 87 BC. BC. However, during recent archaeological excavations, bone transverse flutes were discovered that were about
Basic information The didjeridoo is the oldest woodwind musical instrument of the Aboriginal people of northern Australia. One of the most ancient musical instruments on Earth. The didgeridoo is the European-American name for the oldest musical instrument of the Aboriginal people of Australia. In northern Australia, where the didgeridoo originated, it is called yidaki. The uniqueness of the didgeridoo is that it usually sounds on one note (the so-called
Basic information The pipe is a folk wind wooden musical instrument, consisting of a wooden (usually elderberry) reed or reed and having several side holes, and a mouthpiece for blowing. There are double pipes: two folded tubes are blown through one common mouthpiece. In Ukraine, the name sopilka (sopel) has been preserved to this day; in Russia it is rare; in Belarus it is
Basic information Duduk (tsiranapokh) is a woodwind musical instrument, it is a tube with 9 playing holes and a double reed. Common among the peoples of the Caucasus. It is most popular in Armenia, as well as among Armenians living outside its borders. The traditional name of the Armenian duduk is tsiranapokh, which can be literally translated as “apricot trumpet” or “soul of the apricot tree.” Music
Basic information Zhaleika is an ancient Russian folk wind wooden musical instrument - a wooden, reed or cattail tube with a bell made of horn or birch bark. Zhaleika is also known as zhalomeika. Origin, history of zhaleika The word “zhaleika” is not found in any ancient Russian written monument. The first mention of pity is in the notes of A. Tuchkov dating back to the end of the 18th century.
Basic information Zurna is an ancient woodwind musical instrument, common among the peoples of Transcaucasia and Central Asia. A zurna is a wooden tube with a socket and several (usually 8-9) holes, one of which is on the opposite side to the others. The range of the zurna is about one and a half octaves of the diatonic or chromatic scale. The timbre of the zurna is bright and piercing. Zurna is close
Basic information Kaval is a shepherd's woodwind musical instrument. Kaval is a longitudinal flute with a long wooden barrel and 6-8 playing holes. At the lower end of the barrel there may be up to 3-4 more holes intended for tuning and resonating. The Kavala scale is diatonic. The length of kaval reaches 50-70 cm. Kaval is distributed in Bulgaria, Moldova and Romania, Macedonia, Serbia,
Basic information, device Kamyl is an Adyghe wind wooden musical instrument, a traditional Adyghe (Circassian) flute. Kamyl is a longitudinal flute made from a metal tube (most often from a gun barrel). There are 3 playing holes at the bottom of the tube. It is possible that the instrument was originally made from reeds (as the name indicates). The length of the kamyl is about 70 cm. The scale of the kamyl
Basic information Kena (Spanish quena) is a woodwind musical instrument - a longitudinal flute, used in the music of the Andean region of Latin America. The ken is usually made of reed and has six upper and one lower playing holes. As a rule, kena is done in G (sol) tuning. The quenacho flute is a lower pitched variant of the quena, in D (D) tuning.
Basic information The clarinet is a woodwind musical instrument with a single reed. The clarinet was invented around 1700 in Nuremberg and has been actively used in music since the second half of the 18th century. Used in a wide variety of musical genres and compositions: as a solo instrument, in chamber ensembles, symphony and brass orchestras, folk music, on stage and in jazz. Clarinet
Basic information Clarinet d'amore (Italian: clarinetto d'amore) is a woodwind musical instrument. Structure Like the species instrument, the d'amore clarinet had a single reed and a cylindrical tube, but the width of this tube was smaller than that of a regular clarinet, and the sound holes were also narrower. In addition, the part of the tube to which the mouthpiece was attached was slightly curved for compactness - the body
Basic information Kolyuka is a woodwind musical instrument - an ancient Russian type of longitudinal overtone flute without playing holes. To make thorns, dried stems of umbrella plants are used - hogweed, shepherd's pipe and others. The role of a whistle or squeak is performed by the tongue. The height of the sound is achieved by overblowing. To change the sound, the lower hole of the tube is also used, which is clamped with a finger or
Basic information The contrabassoon is a woodwind musical instrument, a type of bassoon. The contrabassoon is an instrument of the same type and structure as the bassoon, but with a column of air enclosed in it that is twice as large, which is why it sounds an octave lower than the bassoon. The contrabassoon is the lowest-sounding instrument in the woodwind group and plays the contrabass voice in it. Contrabassoon names on
Basic information Kugikly (kuvikly) is a woodwind musical instrument, a Russian variety of the multi-barrel pan flute. Kugikl device Kugikl are a set of hollow tubes of various lengths and diameters with an open upper end and a closed lower end. This tool was usually made from the stems of kugi (reeds), reeds, bamboo, etc., with the stem knot serving as the bottom. Nowadays, plastic, ebonite
Basic information Kurai is a national Bashkir wind wooden musical instrument similar to a flute. The popularity of kurai is due to its timbre richness. The sound of the kurai is poetic and epically sublime, the timbre is soft, and when played it is accompanied by a guttural bourdon sound. The main and traditional feature of playing the kurai is the ability to play with a chest voice. Light whistling is forgiven only for beginning performers. Professionals perform a melody
Basics The Mabu is a traditional woodwind musical instrument of the Solomon Islanders. A mabu is a wooden pipe with a socket, hollowed out from a section of a tree trunk. A half of a coconut was attached to the upper end, in which a playing hole was made. Large specimens of mabu could reach up to a meter in length with a bell width of about 15 cm and a wall thickness of about
Basic information Mabu (mapu) is a traditional Tibetan woodwind musical instrument. Translated from the nose, “ma” means “bamboo”, and “bu” means “pipe”, “reed flute”. Mabu has a bamboo trunk with a single scoring tongue. There are 8 playing holes made in the flute barrel, 7 upper, one lower. At the end of the trunk there is a small horn bell. Mabu is also sometimes made
Basic information, characteristics Small clarinet (piccolo clarinet) is a woodwind musical instrument, a type of clarinet. The small clarinet has the same structure as a regular clarinet, but is smaller in size, which is why it sounds in a higher register. The timbre of the small clarinet is harsh, somewhat loud, especially in the upper register. Like most other instruments in the clarinet family, the small clarinet is transposing and is used
Basic information, device Nai is a Moldavian, Romanian and Ukrainian wind wooden musical instrument - a longitudinal multi-barreled flute. Nai consists of 8-24 tubes of different lengths, mounted in an arched leather clip. The pitch of the sound depends on the length of the tube. Diatonic scale. Folk melodies of various genres are performed on the naya - from doina to dance motifs. The most famous Moldovan naists:
Basic information Ocarina is an ancient woodwind musical instrument, a clay whistle flute. The name “ocarina” translated from Italian means “gosling”. The ocarina is a small egg-shaped chamber with holes for fingers ranging from four to thirteen. The ocarina is usually made in ceramic, but is sometimes also made of plastic, wood, glass or metal. By
Basic information Pinquillo (pingullo) is an ancient woodwind musical instrument of the Quechua Indians, a reed transverse flute. Pinquillo is common among the Indian populations of Peru, Bolivia, Northern Argentina, Chile, and Ecuador. Pinquillo is the ancestor of the Peruvian Kena. Pinquillo is made from reeds, traditionally cut “at dawn, away from prying eyes.” Has 5-6 side playing holes. Pingulio length 30-32 cm. Pingulio range approx.
Basic information, application The transverse flute (or simply flute) is a woodwind musical instrument of the soprano register. Transverse flute names on different languages: flauto (Italian); flatus (Latin); flute (French); flute (English); flote (German). The flute is available in a wide variety of performance techniques; it is often assigned orchestral solos. The transverse flute is used in symphony and brass orchestras, and also, along with the clarinet,
Basic information The Russian horn is a wooden wind musical instrument. The Russian horn has different names: in addition to “Russian” - “shepherd”, “song”, “Vladimir”. The name “Vladimir” horn acquired relatively recently, in late XIX century as a result of the success of the performances of the horn choir under the direction of Nikolai Vasilyevich Kondratiev from Vladimir region. Horn tunes are divided into 4 genre varieties: signal, song,
Basic information Saxophone (Sax is the surname of the inventor, phone is sound) is a woodwind musical instrument, according to the principle of sound production, it belongs to the wooden family, despite the fact that it is never made of wood. The family of saxophones was designed in 1842 by the Belgian music master Adolphe Sachs and patented by him four years later. Adolph Sachs named his first constructed instrument
Basic information The flute is an ancient Russian wind wooden musical instrument of the longitudinal flet type. Origin, history of the pipe The Russian pipe has not yet been sufficiently studied. Experts have long been trying to correlate existing whistle instruments with ancient Russian names. Most often, chroniclers use three names for instruments of this type - flute, nozzle and foregrip. According to legend, the son of the Slavic goddess of love Lada played the flute
Basic information Suling is an Indonesian woodwind musical instrument, a longitudinal whistle flute. Suling consists of a bamboo cylindrical trunk, about 85 cm long and equipped with 3-6 playing holes. The sound of suling is very gentle. Usually sad melodies are played on this instrument. Suling is used both solo and as orchestral instrument. Video: Sulingna video + sound Thanks to these videos you
Basic information, structure, application Shakuhachi is a woodwind musical instrument, a longitudinal bamboo flute that came to Japan from China during the Nara period. The Chinese name for the shakuhachi flute is chi-ba. The standard length of a shakuhachi flute is 1.8 Japanese feet (which is 54.5 cm). It determined itself Japanese name instrument, since “shaku” means “foot” and “hachi” means “eight”.
Basic information Tilinka (calf) is a Moldavian, Romanian and Ukrainian folk wind wooden musical instrument, which is an open tube without playing holes. Tilinka is common in rural life, most often used by people living near the Carpathian Mountains. The sound of tilinka depends on how far the musician closes the open end of the tube with his finger. The transition between notes is carried out by blowing and closing/opening the opposite
Ancient musical instruments are sometimes valued more than modern ones. The reason is that similar tools are different high quality work. The first musical instruments are considered to be winds, pipes and tweeters of various types. Naturally, you can only admire such exhibits in a museum. But there are a number of tools that can be purchased at auctions.
An ancient musical instrument is a broad concept. It is understood as products that produce sounds and were made back in the days of Ancient Greece and Egypt, as well as less “old” objects that are capable of producing musical sounds and have a resistor. It is noteworthy that they do not have a resistor percussion instruments that produce musical sounds.
1) The ancestor of stringed instruments is the hunting bow, which was used by our ancestors. Since the string produced a methodical sound when pulled, it was subsequently decided to string several strings of different thicknesses and lengths, resulting in sounds of different ranges.
Replacing the enclosure with a full box resulted in sounds that were beautiful and melodic. To the first string instruments can be attributed:
- Gusli.
- Guitar.
- Theorbu.
- Mandolin.
- Harp.
It is worth paying attention to violins, which are in particular demand. The most popular violin maker is Antonio Stradivari. Experts agree that Antonio made the best violins in 1715; the quality of these instruments is simply amazing. Distinctive feature One of the main features of the master’s work is the desire to improve the shape of the instruments by changing them to a more curved one. Antonio strived for perfect sound and melodiousness. He decorated the body of the violins with precious stones.
In addition to violins, the master made harps, cellos, guitars and violas.
2) A wind musical instrument can be made of wood, metal or other material. Essentially, it is a tube of various diameters and lengths that produces sound due to air vibrations.
The larger the volume of a wind instrument, the lower the sound it produces. There are wooden and copper instruments. The principle of operation of the former is simple - it is necessary to open and close holes that are located at different distances from each other. As a result of such actions, air masses vibrate and music is created.
Ancient wooden instruments include:
- flute;
- bassoon;
- clarinet;
- oboe.
The instruments got their name from the material from which they were made in those days, but modern technologies do not stand still, so the material was replaced partially or completely. Therefore, today these instruments look different and are made from different materials.
Get sound from brass instruments is obtained by changing the position of the lips and due to the force of the air being blown in and out. Later, in 1830, a mechanism with valves was invented.
Brass instruments include:
- Trombone.
- Pipe.
- Tubu et al.
In most cases, these instruments are made of metal, and not only copper, brass and even silver are used. But the works of medieval masters were made of wood partially or completely.
Perhaps the most ancient wind instrument is the horn, which was used for various purposes.
Bayans and accordions
Bayans, accordions and all types of accordions are classified as reed musical instruments.
Traditions allow us to call only those instruments that have a keyboard on the right side an accordion. But in the USA, the concept of “accordion” also includes other types of hand accordions. At the same time, varieties of accordions may have their own names.
Around the end of the 19th century, accordions were made in Klingenthal; German accordions are still in demand among Russian musicians.
There are also hydroid models that can be classified as artifacts; most of these models are no longer in use, but require attention due to their rarity and uniqueness.
Shrammel's button accordion is an instrument that has a unique structure. On the right side there is a push-button keyboard. This type of accordion is used in Viennese chamber music.
Trikitix accordion - on the left side there is a 12-button bass, on the right side there is a keyboard.
The chromatic accordion from Britain, despite the fact that the instrument is made in Germany, is considered the favorite instrument of musicians from Scotland.
The old "Schwitzerörgeli" accordion has similarities with the Belgian bass system, and the accordion is also called an organ from Scotland.
It is also worth paying attention to one copy from the times of the USSR - this is the “Baby” accordion, which has a unique design. The peculiarity of this instrument is that the accordion is smaller in size. It was used to educate children, but not only. Due to its compactness, the instrument has some structural features:
- the first row is the bass and the second row is the chords;
- major and minor missing;
- one button performs the role of two.
You can buy such an accordion today inexpensively compared to models from Germany intended for training. Despite the fact that the accordion has various reviews and there is criticism of the instrument, it is considered ideal for teaching children.
A bit of nationality
There are not so few folk instruments; each nation has its own. The Slavs were distinguished by the quantity and quality of models. Some of the first instruments of the Slavs are:
- Balalaika.
- Accordion.
- Tambourine.
- Dudka.
1) The balalaika, along with the accordion, is considered a symbol of Russia and is perceived as the most widespread instrument. Historians do not answer when exactly the balalaika appeared; the approximate date is considered to be the 17th century. The balalaika consists of a triangular body and three strings, the vibration of which leads to the appearance of music.
The balalaika acquired its modern appearance in 1833, thanks to the musician Vasily Andreev, who began improving the balalaika.
2) The button accordion is a type of hand accordion that was designed by a Bavarian master. A similar type of accordion was discovered in Russia in 1892. In 1907, a master from St. Petersburg, Pyotr Egorovich Sterligov, made an instrument for harmonica player Yakov Fedorovich Orlansky-Titarenky. The work took the master about two years. And the instrument received its name in honor of the singer and storyteller named Bayan.
3) The tambourine is an instrument of indefinite pitch that has its own variations in different cultures. It is a circle covered with leather on both sides; metal bells or rings were also attached to the tambourine. Tambourines had different sizes and were often used for shamanic rituals.
But there is also an orchestral tambourine - the most common instrument today. A plastic tambourine is a round wooden hoop covered with leather or other membrane.
4) The pipe is a type of folk wind instrument that was common in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The pipe is a small tube with holes.
Keyboard instruments
One of the most famous instruments that has survived to this day is the organ. Its original design had its own peculiarities: the organ keys were so large that you had to press them with your fists. The sound of the organ invariably accompanied church services. This instrument dates back to the Middle Ages.
The clavichord is very similar to the piano, but its sound was quiet, so there was no point in playing the clavichord in front of a large number of people. The clavichord was used for evenings and playing music at home. The instrument had keys that were pressed with your fingers. Bach had a clavichord, he played musical works on it.
The clavichord was replaced by the piano in 1703. The inventor of this instrument was a master from Spain, Bartolomeo Cristofori, who made instruments for the Medici family. He called his invention “an instrument that plays quietly and loudly.” The principle of operation of the piano was as follows: the keys had to be struck with a hammer, and there was also a mechanism for returning the hammer to its place.
The hammer struck a key, the key struck a string and caused it to vibrate, causing a sound; there were no pedals or dampers. Later, the piano was modified: a device was made that helped the hammer drop halfway. The modernization has significantly improved the sound quality and facilitated the process of playing music.
There are quite a lot of ancient instruments; this concept includes models of Slavic culture, accordions made in the USSR and violins from the time of Antonio Stradivari. It is difficult to find such an exhibit in private collections; for the most part, you can admire rare instruments in various museums. But some models are successfully sold at auctions, asking buyers to pay a not too high price for the instruments. Unless, of course, we are talking about specimens that fall under the concept of “antiques”.
