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ARTIFACT(lat. arte factum - artificially made) - any artificially created object that has both certain physical characteristics and iconic or symbolic content. This is a formation that is not characteristic of the object in its normal state and usually arises during its study. Cultural artifacts can be called: objects and things, equipment and tools, clothing and household utensils, housing and roads created by people. Cultural artifacts include any phenomena of the spiritual life of society, including scientific theories and superstitions, works of art and folklore, i.e., everything that is characterized as the spiritual or ideological side of the life of society. Cultural artifacts act as elementary units in the study of the dynamics of culture, the connection of cultural artifacts with the activity of people, their communicative significance in the cultural life of a particular society. Artifact - a term borrowed from archeology, originally used in aesthetics in a literal etymological sense to emphasize difference works of art as a result of human activity from natural objects. In cultural studies, this is the entire artificial world created by man, the world of things, thoughts and ideas born by him, means and methods of action found and used by him, providing them with the status of an artifact in the system of corresponding cultural-functional connections. |
Artifact
(lat. artefactumarte – artificially + factus – made)
in the usual sense, any artificially created object, a product of human activity. In cultural studies, it is a carrier of socio-cultural information, life-semantic meanings, and a means of communication.
any artificially made object, an object of culture in three main spheres of its existence: material culture, spiritual culture, human relations.
a process or formation that is not characteristic of an object in its normal state and usually arises during its study. In culture, any artificially created object that has both certain physical characteristics and iconic or symbolic content.
☼ in the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.
In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system. In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey believes in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis”, 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern Aesthetics usually makes a distinction between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “ external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) aesthetic object.
In the last time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural sites, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand A. as any art. education, both physical and ideational, created for functioning in specialized education. spheres of cultures and systems. A. is singled out as an elementary unit of the arts, the world, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of art.” object." In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. decomposition cultural objects as “made” wholes (for example, installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantic fields.
Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) // VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12.
21. The concept of cultural form and cultural artifact
Socio-political. research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.
A. B. Krasnoglazov. Cultural studies of the twentieth century. Encyclopedia. M.1996
Source: Dictionary of Cultural Studies on Gufo.me
An object, structure or substance, sometimes even a location, that has certain magical properties.
The emergence of these properties is, as a rule, due to the purposeful actions of magicians, but sometimes it is a side effect of powerful sorcery performed nearby.
The power of artifacts can vary greatly. From the very weak power of amulets made by self-taught people in ordinary worlds, which are capable of protecting only from the spells of the same self-taught people, to super-strong artifacts made by experienced magicians with the assistance of Supermundane Entities. The most powerful artifacts are sometimes capable of destroying a group of worlds or resisting the spells of other Entities or creatures capable of higher magic.
The simplest and weakest artifacts are pieces of substances, animals or plants that have the natural ability to accumulate magical power. They allow the magician to use the accumulated power during magic. Such artifacts are most often used as ingredients in ritual magic. As a rule, they are placed in the nodes of magical figures, or used in rituals.
More complex artifacts are objects made from the same materials, the magical properties of which are enhanced either by giving them a certain shape. These two types of artifacts are made and used by self-taught sorcerers and priests of primitive tribes.
Professional artifacts are usually made by specially trained magicians, either by giving primary material a certain shape, or by combining several specially prepared materials (for example, staves obtained by combining wood and stone). Such artifacts, as a rule, are cast with spells or runes that enhance and secure their properties.
Typically, the creator provides an artifact with a property, or a set of properties, to perform a specific task or set of similar tasks. The classification of artifacts by purpose coincides with the corresponding classification of spells, since it is mainly determined by them. Artifacts can be combat, communication, healing, hiding, etc. Big class artifacts are designed to accumulate, store, redirect magical energy or focus its flows. A special subspecies are magic negators.
It depends on the skill of the creator whether the artifact’s action will be simple, conditioned by external factors, or controlled.
Sufficiently powerful artifacts are usually protected from outside observation. Even a strong and experienced magician, as a rule, experiences unpleasant sensations (headache, pain in the eyes, etc.) when trying to observe someone who has such an artifact.
The most complex are the highest artifacts made without the use of inert matter. They are a bunch of spells, although outwardly they usually look like crystals. These are Crystals of Magic, Distorting stones, Amulets of the gods.
cultural artifact
Such artifacts, despite their relatively small volume, are powerful, multifunctional, but the most difficult to handle. If mishandled, the forces contained in them can be suddenly released, which leads to an explosion and, most often, the death of the unlucky magician. This, among other things, protects such artifacts from hacking or unauthorized use by enemies or ignoramuses.
Artifact magic is one of the most ancient types of magic. There are known artifacts made in the first era of the Ordered by the Ancient Gods or their eternal opponents - the Distant Ones. Most of these artifacts are combat ones. Combat artifacts most often take the form of weapons, such as the Blue Sword, Mistletoe Sprig, Boot Knife and others.
Most artifacts are designed in such a way that they can be used even by persons completely untrained in magic, even if they themselves have minimal magical abilities. Artifacts allow their owners or guardians to cast spells that, without the artifact, only a much more skillful and powerful magician could have cast. The power of the spells cast depends on the user's abilities, but to a greater extent- on the power of the artifact itself.
Super-powerful artifacts often have something of a character of their own, so the owner of such an item must have enough willpower to resist the programming that may have been put into the artifact by its creators. Such artifacts are created either by Entities or gods, less often by True Magicians for specific purposes. A magician who has taken possession of such an artifact can become its slave, mindlessly fulfilling the will of those who created it. This happened, for example, with the first owners of the Diamond and Wooden swords, Sidri Dromarong and Seamni Oektakann. However, the same swords were never able to enslave the will of Fess, and another, no less powerful artifact, the White Glove, never enslaved the will of the Emperor.
Magicians of the worlds often create artifacts of ordinary power, but sometimes truly unprecedented creations come out of their hands. Those who create such an artifact most often do not even realize that powerful forces had a hand in their creation, and are not aware of what the thing they created is actually intended for, mistakenly believing that it contains nothing beyond what was intended by themselves.
So the creators of the Diamond and Wooden swords, the magicians of the gnomes and Danu, believed that they should contribute to the victory of their races over the enemy, and did not even suspect that the swords awakened hatred in the troops they led and accumulated its power for a completely different battle.
The most powerful artifacts are often disposable; having fulfilled their intended purpose, they waste their power and either disintegrate or simply lose their power. In addition, a feature of complex and powerful artifacts is that they usually recognize a single owner. The owner can summon an artifact from any place in the world in which it is located. And sometimes the ghost of an artifact, possessing all the properties of the original, can appear in the hand recognized by it as the owner’s hand, at a critical moment.
Sometimes artifacts were made composite, that is, consisting of independently acting parts, usually two (paired artifacts). These are, for example, the White Gloves and the Arkin Key.
Large structures constitute a special class of artifacts. They are created, as a rule, either by a True Magician or by a group of mortal magicians. Such are, for example, the Black Tower, which belongs to the category of higher artifacts created without the use of inert matter. The Temple of the Oceans is similar to it. Artifacts include the Crypts of the Savior on the Drowned Crab or Great Pyramid, created by the work of many generations of magicians on the same island. Inside such structures there may be magicians and smaller artifacts, but this does not change the essence of the structure, which in itself has the properties of an artifact.
Since some liquid substances also have magical properties and in this sense are no different from things made of solid materials, then, with some assumptions, elixirs can be classified as liquid artifacts.
Among them there are pseudo-substances similar to higher artifacts. Such is the Blood of Wrath, for example.
It is especially worth dwelling on artifacts that appeared spontaneously, and not as a result of the deliberate efforts of magicians.
Sometimes an area acquires magical properties after powerful witchcraft is cast in it. Such, for example, is the Sallador desert, which arose after the magical battles of the Titans and Five Legs. If a god or entity embodied in an avatar lives in one area for a long time, this area is transformed by them. So the Living Rocks - Hroft's home - became his home. There he had those abilities that he was deprived of outside.
In fact, Centers of Power, places where Magic Crystals were stored, became artifacts.
The Forest is a half-artifact, half-creature; it has a special magic.
Artifacts have always been a convenient commodity and valuable trophies. Magicians of all times and races made artifacts for sale, and in magical wars they hunted for enemy artifacts. Highly liquid artifacts usually made up the bulk of the accumulations of battle mages of the Valley. Many Magic Academies taught students how to handle artifacts, craft them, and hack enemy artifacts.
However, the most experienced and competent magicians, having and collecting valuable artifacts, as a rule, did not rely on them, trying to act so that the artifacts did not decide the outcome of the operation, but only facilitated its execution, since artifact magic does not provide the necessary flexibility during execution plan.
Artifact MagicArtifactsMagical ObjectsMagic
This term has other meanings, see Artifact.
cultural artifact- anything created by people and conveying information about the culture of its creators and users; any artificially created object that has both certain physical characteristics and iconic, symbolic content. The term is used in social sciences, particularly in anthropology, ethnology, and sociology.
Cultural artifact is a more general term for the concepts social artifact and archaeological artifact. Cultural artifacts may include objects derived from archaeological excavations(archaeological artifacts), and may also include objects modern society or the recent past (social artifacts). For example, for anthropology, a 17th-century lathe, a piece of earthenware, or a television set are rich sources of information about the time in which they were made and used.
Cultural artifacts, whether ancient or modern, are important because they provide insight into technological processes, economic development, and social structure, among other things. According to Marx Wartofsky, “an artifact is to cultural evolution what a gene is to biological evolution.”
Artifact of culture
According to Kenneth Boulding, economic development represents the evolution of human artifacts.
Wartofsky classifies the artifacts as follows:
- primary artifacts: those used in production (such as a hammer, fork, lamp, or camera);
- secondary artifacts: artifacts derived from primary ones (for example, user instructions for a camera);
- tertiary artifacts: representations of secondary artifacts (such as a sculpture of a user manual for a camera).
Social artifacts, unlike archaeological artifacts, do not necessarily have a physical form (see, for example, a virtual artifact), nor do they necessarily have historical value (objects created a few seconds ago can be classified as social artifacts).
See also
Links
Further reading
- Habib, Laurence, and Line Wittek (2007). The portfolio as artifact and actor. Mind, Culture and Activity, Vol. 14, No. 4, ISSN 1074-9039.
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ARTIFACT (from Latin - artificially made)
In the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.
In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system.
In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey believes in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis”, 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern In aesthetics, a distinction is usually made between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) of an aesthetic object.
B ate. time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural objects, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand A. any arts, education, both physical and ideational, created for functioning in specialized education. spheres of cultures and systems. A. is singled out as an elementary unit of the arts, the world, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of art.” object." In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. decomposition cultural objects as “made” wholes (for example, installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantics. fields.
A. has three basics. its constituent elements: psychoanalytic. (establishes a connection between A. and anthropological impulse), structural (reveals the communicative-functional dominant) and hermeneutic (determines the horizons of understanding and interpretation).
A. functions in a cultural-semantic environment. fields (for example, lit-ry), which constitutes A. and determines its material carrier. A. is polysemantic and therefore represents an abstract carrier of cultural semantics, which manifests itself in different ways. contexts of use (for example, the transcultural image of Don Quixote).
To the main The modalities of A.'s existence include: material (a form of objectification of an artificial object), functional (the sum of modifications during its use); semantic (its meanings, meanings, value in the contexts of sociocultural communication).
Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) //VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12. Socio-political, research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.
A. B. Red-Eyed
Another important concept in cultural studies is cultural artifact: any artificially created object that has symbolic meaning. Cultural artifacts can be objects made by people, things, as well as phenomena: scientific theories, superstitions, works of art and folklore.
Artifact - elementary unit culture. Studying it makes it possible to understand what cultural significance has its utilitarian (that is, for its intended purpose) use. For example, a set of forks and knives used when consuming various dishes indicates the characteristics and level of everyday and gastronomic culture, and perhaps also the structure of food production.
Cultural artifacts also include such an important concept as cultural norm: a pattern of behavior that is approved by the majority of people belonging to a given culture. Cultural norms in a broad sense - both, and, but exist special group cultural norms - etiquette, customs of communication with others, customs of collective communication.
Artifacts in the cultural system
An artifact is any object or phenomenon of artificial origin, the antithesis of everything natural, an indivisible unit of culture, for example, a specific material product, a behavioral act, social structure, informational message or value judgment. Even myself man is an artifact, since he is not a biological being, but because he can only become through the processes of education and upbringing, assimilating the norms and values of a specific one. Any artifact can be characterized in terms of material form and spiritual content. Material form(material) of an artifact is determined by its utilitarian (practically useful) qualities, the capabilities of man and society, and spiritual content(meaning, sense) - the needs of expressing ideas, aesthetic tastes, designation social status etc.
Like culture as a whole, an artifact is always a product, but only one that is associated with the search for meaning. This fundamentally distinguishes the world of culture from the world of nature. Thus, a flower growing in a meadow is part of nature, and the same flower, picked and placed in a vase, is part of culture, since the person who composed the bouquet wanted to receive aesthetic pleasure, the desire to please himself and his loved ones.
Cultural form— an example of solving a problem to satisfy some group or individual need (interest) of people; in other words, it is a complex distinctive features an object in which its utilitarian and symbolic functions are embodied and which allow its identification (recognition). The same cultural form can be reproduced by many artifacts. For example, the cultural form of a person’s home can be embodied in such artifacts as the hut of a Russian peasant, the yurt of a nomadic herder, the floating dwelling of some African and Asian peoples, etc., and the cultural form wedding ceremony implemented in weddings different nations, which follow different rules.
Among cultural forms a special place is occupied by author's works of art, philosophy, science and other creative nature, not intended for mass circulation. An artifact of this form will be the work itself and its perception by the reader, listener or viewer, who interpret it in their own way. We can say that the life of any cultural form continues as long as its artifacts are reproduced, described, evaluated and interpreted.
Cultural system- this is a set of cultural forms that have historically developed in the practice and consciousness of a certain human community, in other words, this is the specific historical culture of a people, class, confession, etc. Cultural systems are not just a sum of random cultural forms, they are highly ordered, organizationally and informationally interconnected and are characterized by such properties as universality, integrity, the predominance of internal connections over external ones, internal unevenness (complexity of internal structure, stratification), the ability to self-reproduction and change.
artefactum- artificially made) - a phenomenon, process, object, property of an object or process, the appearance of which under observed conditions is impossible or unlikely for natural reasons. The appearance of an artifact, therefore, is a sign of targeted interference in the observed process, or the presence of some unaccounted factors.Types of artifacts
- In archeology, a man-made object studied by archaeology.
- In any scientific experiment - an experimental result (or a deviation of an experimental result, which has the properties of stability and reproducibility), the reason for the appearance of which is the influence of the means of conducting the experiment on the process being studied, defects in the methodology, the influence of a subjective factor (suggestion or self-hypnosis of the subject or experimenter).
- In signal processing and reproduction (optics, communications, audio recording, photography, video recording) - a defect reproducible under certain conditions, noise in a signal, image, sound recording, the cause of which is systematic interference or features of the technical means used.
- In computer graphics, undesirable features of a computer-generated image that appear under certain conditions (transitions in brightness or color, image movement, output modes designed to speed up work, insufficiently high-quality texture compression, and so on). Outwardly they may look like moire, color distortions, unsmooth lines, inconsistent movement of parts of the image, gaps between polygons, etc. Compression artifacts are quite common.
- In documentary - a noise element on a document, perhaps not created specifically (spots, random features) and not part of the document, but making it unique.
- A cultural artifact is an artificially created object that has iconic or symbolic content. Cultural artifacts can be objects and things created by people, as well as phenomena of the spiritual life of society: scientific theories, superstitions, works of art and folklore.
- A clinical artifact is a special behavioral disorder that occurs in patients of psychiatric clinics as a reaction to a new, stressful situation in which they find themselves (often forced hospitalization, lack of meaningful activities, limited social contacts, etc.). They overlap with the main symptoms, thereby complicating the current diagnosis. To a large extent, clinical artifacts can be smoothed out by organizing occupational therapy and group forms of exercise for patients.
- In art theory, it is a contender for the title of a work of art.
- In science fiction, it is a unique object that has its own history and characteristics (magical, if the genre is fantasy).
- In computer games, a rare, unique item that gives the player significant game advantages (especially common in games with role-playing elements and online games, for example, in the Heroes of Might and Magic series or in the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series).
- In magic, an object that has unusual, supernatural properties.
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Synonyms:See what “Artifact” is in other dictionaries:
Artifact... Spelling dictionary-reference book
artifact- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) a fact that is not characteristic of the natural course of a given process and is caused artificially. In experimental psychology, A. means data generated by the very methodology of studying the process and on ... Great psychological encyclopedia
Artifact- (lat. artefactus jasandy іstelgen) tabigilyktan thousand, koldan jasalgan nәrse, madeniettіn zhemіsi. Artifact retіnde tek denelik belgіleri emes, sonymen bіrge tanbalyk, rаmіzdіk masmuna bar kez kelgen jasandy nәrse karastyrylana alada. Madeni... ... Philosophy terminerdin sozdigi
- (from Latin artificially made) in the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects. In aesthetics the term... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
- [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) ..1) an object manufactured, made by a person2)] A process or formation that is not normally characteristic of the object being studied and usually arises during its research. For example, when fixing histological... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) an experimental result arising from deviations in the conduct of the experiment or from defects in the technique itself. In particular, the results can be disrupted by the influence of suggestion on the subject... Psychological Dictionary
- (from the Latin artefactum artificially made), a process or formation that is not normally characteristic of the body, but is caused by the research method itself. A. is usually due to the method. and technical errors or random factors. For example, when... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
- (microbiol.) a phenomenon unusual for the observed object, leading to distortion of the research results. With a microscope, research method A occurs due to a violation of the method of collecting material, preparing a smear, especially its fixation and ... Dictionary of microbiology
Noun, number of synonyms: 4 monument (17) process (55) factor (29) ... Dictionary of synonyms
- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) English. artefact/artifact; German Artifact. 1. Man-made object. 2. A tool processed by prehistoric man. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology
An artifact is an object made by human hands and endowed with magical powers. Spells cast over it, actions performed - all this charges the amulet, talisman or other thing with the necessary energy, which acts for certain purposes. Objects created by nature will not be artifacts. The word “artifact” itself, translated from Latin language, means “artificially made.”
Antique archaeological finds found in Egyptian tombs or other excavation sites are sometimes referred to as artifacts. As an example, we can cite the following sacred symbols, as (a conductor between the world of the living and the dead), the ritual rod of the Ankh, the eye of Horus and other symbols of Ancient Egypt.
Types and properties of artifacts
How does this magical object differ from an ordinary thing? Outwardly nothing. This can be any thing that has undergone energy charging. After carrying out the appropriate procedure, the item acquires magical powers and certain properties. According to their purpose, artifacts are divided into the following types:
1. Elemental, accumulating the energy of different elements
2. Energy - intended to restore strength
3. Mental (manipulate memory, emotions, feelings)
4. Healers - artifacts used to heal diseases
5. Magic - items for various ceremonies
6. Protective, used as a talisman
7. Combined (for solving several problems)
Each created artifact serves only one owner, sometimes his family. Therefore, a stolen or borrowed magic item will be, at best, simply useless. However, there are known cases where stolen talismans-artifacts caused damage to the health, luck or well-being of people who did not use them as their owner.
People often keep it in their home unknowingly. Other people's artifacts, especially those acquired without the consent of the rightful owner, definitely fall into this category.
How artifacts are created
Almost any item is suitable for making a magical attribute. But it must be fit for purpose. For example, you should not use a flower or a broom as a weapon.
Any item has its own character, certain properties, and when creating an artifact, these properties are enhanced many times over. So, the blade is perfect for a magical attack, and the ring will attract good luck or love. Eat different ways impact on an energetically charged object:
1. Impact of time
2. Applying runes or other symbols
3. Magic ritual
4. Combined method
The time method is the simplest, but it can be inconvenient for various reasons. Symbols have an informational imprint on the mental field of the Earth; the centuries-old use of ancient signs in itself has endowed them with powerful power. The main thing is to know exactly what symbols to apply and for what purpose. A ritual is certain actions performed on an object, and the combined type allows you to combine the listed methods in the desired proportion.
How does the magic ritual work?
The ritual of creating an artifact consists of five sequential actions: preparation, unbalance, inclusion of the desired property, bringing into balance, binding.
1. Preparation is an accurate understanding of the purpose and purpose of the item being created. An incorrectly formed task can harm the owner with various troubles. You need to select the item itself, not forgetting to take into account its composition (iron, wood, stone, crystal) and its own character. An iron ring and a wooden ring will have different properties, although they can be charged for good luck in the same way. Therefore, you need to carefully think through every detail.
2. Getting out of balance is to disrupt the energy of an object by at the moment. This can be any powerful spell or other impact similar to a blow. The main thing is to join the vibration of the object’s energy field. This whole action takes about 10 minutes.
3. After being unbalanced, it is necessary to immediately include the desired property in the artifact. While his own field is unstable, he will take on new qualities. Any means are used here - visualization, conspiracy, energy influence. The main thing is to convey the essence of your desire to the object. And then, at the information level, this desire will remain as an imprint in the body of the object.
4. Now you need to balance the energy of the object and seal it in it new information. To do this, you must influence the artifact with your own energy. Here, too, you can use either magical abilities or cast a spell. It is possible to use the opposite element. For example, if a magical object was created with the help of fire, then water must be used to bring it into balance.
5. The last action in creating an artifact is binding to a specific owner. To do this, it is better to carry the item with you for two or more weeks, excluding its contact with other persons. That is, no one should touch or otherwise come into contact with the artifact being created.
from lat. artefactum - artificially made) - any artificial object, cultural object; physical object; idea or image; technology; form of behavior and relationships; grade.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
ARTIFACT (from Latin - artificially made)
In the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.
In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system. In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey believes in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis,” 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern Aesthetics usually makes a distinction between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) of an aesthetic object.
B ate. time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural objects, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand by A. any arts, education, both physical and ideological, created for functioning in a specialized field. spheres of cultures and systems. A. is singled out as an elementary unit of the arts, the world, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of the art object.” In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. decomposition cultural objects as “made” wholes (eg installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantics. fields.
A. has three basics. its constituent elements: psychoanalytic. (establishes a connection between A. and anthropological impulse), structural (reveals the communicative-functional dominant) and hermeneutic (determines the horizons of understanding and interpretation).
A. functions in a cultural-semantic environment. fields (for example, lit-ry), which constitutes A. and determines its material carrier. A. is polysemantic and therefore represents an abstract carrier of cultural semantics, which manifests itself in different ways. contexts of use (for example, the transcultural image of Don Quixote).
To the main The modalities of A.'s existence include: material (a form of objectification of an artificial object), functional (the sum of modifications during its use); semantic (its meanings, meanings, value in the contexts of sociocultural communication).
Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) // VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12. Socio-political, research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
