Great Patriotic War passed through the destinies of millions of Soviet people, leaving behind a difficult memory: pain, anger, suffering, fear. During the war years, many lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking of military events and human actions occurs later. Works of art appear in literature in which, through the prism of the author’s perception, an assessment of what is happening in difficult wartimes is given.
Mikhail Sholokhov could not ignore the topic that concerned everyone and therefore wrote short story“The Fate of Man”, touching on the issue heroic epic. At the center of the story are wartime events that changed the life of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. The writer does not describe military events in detail; this is not the author’s task. The writer’s goal is to show the key episodes that influenced the development of the hero’s personality. The most important event in the life of Andrei Sokolov there is captivity. It is in the hands of the fascists, in the face of mortal danger, that various sides of the character’s character are revealed, it is here that the war appears to the reader without embellishment, revealing the essence of people: the vile, vile traitor Kryzhnev; a real doctor who “did his great work both in captivity and in the dark”; “such a skinny, snub-nosed guy,” platoon commander. Andrei Sokolov had to endure inhuman torment in captivity, but the main thing is that he managed to preserve his honor and dignity. The climax The narrative is the scene at Commandant Muller's, where they brought the exhausted, hungry, tired hero, but even there he showed the enemy the strength of the Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s action (he drank three glasses of vodka without a snack: he didn’t want to choke on a handout) surprised Muller: “That’s what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier." The war appears to the reader without embellishment: after escaping from captivity, already in the hospital, the hero receives terrible news from home about the death of his family: his wife and two daughters. The heavy war machine spares no one: neither women nor children. The final blow fate - the death of the eldest son Anatoly on May 9, Victory Day, at the hands of a German sniper.
War takes away the most precious things from people: family, loved ones. In parallel with the life of Andrei Sokolov, storyline little boy Vanyusha, whom the war also made an orphan, depriving his relatives of his mother and father.
This is the assessment the writer gives to his two heroes: “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force...”. War condemns people to suffering, but it also develops will, character, when one wants to believe “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way.” , if his homeland calls for it.”
The Great Patriotic War passed through the destinies of millions of Soviet people, leaving behind a difficult memory: pain, anger, suffering, fear. During the war years, many lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking of military events and human actions occurs later. Works of art appear in literature in which, through the prism of the author’s perception, an assessment of what is happening in difficult wartimes is given.
Mikhail Sholokhov could not ignore the topic that worried everyone and therefore wrote a short story “The Fate of a Man”, touching on the issues of the heroic epic. At the center of the story are wartime events that changed the life of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. The writer does not describe military events in detail; this is not the author’s task. The writer’s goal is to show the key episodes that influenced the development of the hero’s personality. The most important event in the life of Andrei Sokolov is captivity. It is in the hands of the fascists, in the face of mortal danger, that various sides of the character’s character are revealed, it is here that the war appears to the reader without embellishment, revealing the essence of people: the vile, vile traitor Kryzhnev; a real doctor who “did his great work both in captivity and in the dark”; “such a skinny, snub-nosed guy,” platoon commander. Andrei Sokolov had to endure inhuman torment in captivity, but the main thing is that he managed to preserve his honor and dignity. The climax of the story is the scene at Commandant Muller's, where the exhausted, hungry, tired hero was brought, but even there he showed the enemy the strength of the Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s action (he drank three glasses of vodka without a snack: he didn’t want to choke on a handout) surprised Muller: “That’s what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier." The war appears to the reader without embellishment: after escaping from captivity, already in the hospital, the hero receives terrible news from home about the death of his family: his wife and two daughters. The heavy war machine spares no one: neither women nor children. The final blow of fate was the death of Anatoly’s eldest son on May 9, Victory Day, at the hands of a German sniper.
War takes away the most precious things from people: family, loved ones. In parallel with the life of Andrei Sokolov, the storyline of the little boy Vanyusha, whom the war also made an orphan, depriving his relatives of his mother and father, also develops.
This is the assessment the writer gives to his two heroes: “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force...”. War condemns people to suffering, but it also develops will, character, when one wants to believe “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way.” , if his homeland calls for it.”
Other works on the topic:
The story was written during the Khrushchev Thaw. Sholokhov was a participant. Great Patriotic War. There he heard the life story of one soldier. She really touched him. Sholokhov harbored the idea of writing this story for a long time.
In my novel. Upturned virgin soil. Mikhail Sholokhov introduces us to many heroes, including his grandfather. Shchukar and Makar Nagulnov and Semyon Davydov and Varya and Lushka and many others. Everyone has their own destiny and everyone is different and happy or tragic in their own way.
In the next group of stories, the main theme is the return of a soldier from the war. This topic is explored in two short stories - “Very short story" and "At Home". In “A Very Short Story,” the theme is only outlined and the story is of greater interest.
(based on the story “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov) Literature about the war is the people’s memory of the terrible and tragic years. This memory is carried in the stories of V.V. Bykov, B.L. Vasiliev, A.I. Adamovich and many other works. Books about the war remind us of the high cost of victory and in what difficult conditions at the front the character of people was tested and strengthened.
If you step away from it for a while historical events, then it can be noted that the basis of the novel by M.A. Sholokhov “ Quiet Don" lies the traditional love triangle.
(based on the story “The Fate of a Man” by M. Sholokhov) At the end of 1956, M. A. Sholokhov published his story “The Fate of a Man.” This is a story about common man in a big war. The Russian man went through all the horrors of the war imposed on him and, at the cost of enormous, irreparable personal losses and tragic deprivations, defended his Motherland, asserting the great right to life, freedom and independence of his Motherland.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov entered our literature as the creator of broad epic canvases - the novels “Quiet Don”, “Virgin Soil Upturned”. If the era is at the center of interests of Sholokhov the novelist, then the person is at the center of the interests of Sholokhov the novelist. Among the most striking images in world literature is the image of Andrei Sokolov from the story of Sholokhov
My Sholokhov M.A. I discovered Sholokhov this year. We are accustomed to the fact that discoveries happen in science and technology, but I think in literature they are found at every step. In any writer a person finds something close to his worldview. And Sholokhov became such a discovery for me. His “Don Stories”, “Quiet Don”, “Virgin Soil Upturned” made me look at some things differently and think about a lot.
I first became acquainted with Sholokhov’s works in the eleventh grade. I was immediately captivated by the plot of the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned,” but when I read the epic story “The Fate of a Man,” I was doubly amazed: this work allowed me to see the true greatness, strength and beauty of an ordinary Russian man, Andrei Sokolov.
Second world war- this is the greatest tragic lesson for both man and humanity. More than fifty million victims, a countless number of destroyed villages and cities, the tragedy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which shook the world, forced man to take a closer look at himself and re-respond to
The theme of World War II has found its rightful place in the works of many famous wordsmiths. One of them is the Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov. Just like in creativity German writer Heinrich Bell, the story permeates the idea: war is unnatural and inhumane.
During the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov, in military correspondence, essays, and the story “The Science of Hate,” exposed the anti-human nature of the war unleashed by the Nazis and revealed heroism Soviet people, love for the Motherland. And in the novel “They Fought for the Motherland” the Russian national character, clearly manifested itself in days of difficult trials.
Twelve years after the Great Patriotic War in 1957, M.A. Sholokhov writes the story “The Fate of a Man”, the main character of which is a simple Russian man - Andrei Sokolov.
The problem of a person’s moral choice has always been especially significant in Russian literature. It is in difficult situations, when doing one or another moral choice, a person truly reveals his true moral qualities, showing how worthy he is of the title of Man.
Author: Sholokhov M.A. L.N. Tolstoy wrote about his epic novel “War and Peace” that an artist who creates a work on historical material, and the historian himself - different creative tasks. If the historian strives for an objective transmission of events, then the artist is primarily interested in the person taking part in them, the motives of actions, the train of thoughts, the movement of feelings.
The theme of the intelligentsia and revolution in Russian literature of the 20th century (B. Lavrenev “The Forty-First”, A. Tolstoy “The Viper”)
Humanistic theme in M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” Author: Sholokhov M.A. “I saw and see my task as a writer in that with everything that I have written and will write, I should repay the debt to this working people, this heroic people.” These words of M. Sholokhov, in my opinion, most accurately reflect the idea of one of best works writer, story "The Fate of Man".
Russian character (About the story "The Fate of a Man") Author: Sholokhov M.A. Clear, convincing in its simplicity and harsh truth, the work of M. Sholokhov still makes the reader indignant and shudder, passionately love and keenly hate.
THE FATE OF THE PEASANTRY IN THE WORKS OF M.A. SHOLOKHOV. IN Soviet era the theme of the fate of the Russian village became almost the leading one, and the question of the great turning point
My thoughts on M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” Author: Sholokhov M.A. I recently read M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” In general, I never liked works on military theme, so I opened the beginning of the story reluctantly. But literally after a couple of pages I was already piqued with interest. I really liked the style and style of the writer.
Name in work of art- one way of expressing author's position. It either reflects the essence of the conflicting works, or names a key episode, or main character, or the main idea of the work is expressed.
Image folk character in the works of A.T. Tvardovsky and M.A. Sholokhov (Vasily Terkin and Andrei Sokolov) Let us remember the time in which the works of Tvardovsky and Sholokhov were created. Stalin's inhumane policies were already triumphant in the country, general fear and suspicion penetrated all layers of society, collectivization and its consequences destroyed centuries-old agriculture and undermined the best forces of the people.
Each person has his own destiny, some are happy with it, some are not, and some see the meaning of life only in blaming all their troubles on fate. In Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" the fate of the entire people was shown through the fate of a simple worker, because... During the war years, such a life could be repeated many times.
Serafimovich, Mayakovsky, Furmanov, and after them young writers spoke out against the depiction of the revolution, civil war like elements, they emphasized the organizing role of the party in the popular movement. Sholokhov turned to the topic of the civil war following Furmanov and Serafimovich. From these writers he received high praise and recognition. It can be assumed that Sholokhov’s works about the civil war met with Furmanov’s approval primarily because they were close to his ideological positions, because the idealization of the spontaneous principle in the revolutionary movement was alien to them. A. Serafimovich also valued “Don Stories” for its truthfulness. He was the first to note the peculiarities of Sholokhov’s creative style; simplicity of life, dynamism, figurative language of stories, a sense of proportion in “acute moments”, “a subtle grasping eye”, “the ability to snatch out the most characteristic from many signs”,
IN early stories Sholokhov realistically and visibly, from the ideological positions of a writer of the new world, explains the social meaning of the events that took place on the Don in the first years of the formation of Russian power. Sholokhov's first collection, “Don Stories” (1926), opened with the story “The Birthmark.” The commander of the red squadron, Nikolai Koshevoy, is waging an irreconcilable fight against white gangs. One day his squadron encounters one of the gangs, headed by Nikolai Koshevoy’s father. In battle, the father kills his son and accidentally recognizes him by his birthmark. Opening the collection with this story, Sholokhov thereby drew attention to one of central thoughts throughout the collection - an acute class struggle divided not only the Don, the village, the farm, but also the Cossack families. One side defends proprietary, class interests, the other – the gains of the revolution. Communists, Komsomol members, and the youth of the village boldly break with the old world, heroically defending the interests and rights of the people in harsh battles with it.
The second collection, “Azure Steppe” (1926), begins with a story of the same name, the introduction to which, written in 1927, is openly polemical in nature. The author is ironic about writers who very touchingly lisp “about the odorous gray feather grass,” about the Red Army “brothers” who allegedly died, “choking on pompous words.” Sholokhov claims that the red fighters died for the revolution in the Don and Kuban steppes “in an ugly way.” Decisively speaking out against idealization and false romanticization of reality, he depicts the people’s struggle for Soviet power how complex social process, traces the growth of revolutionary sentiments among the Cossacks, overcoming difficulties and contradictions on the path to a new life.
Almost simultaneously with Sholokhov, such writers as S. Podyachev, A. Neverov, L. Seifullina and others revealed the severity of the brutal class struggle in the countryside during the Civil War, showing the new things that the revolution brought to the countryside. However, a number of writers continued to focus on the “idiocy” of the village, on the supposedly eternal inertia of the “peasant,” without noticing the revolutionary renewal of the village and its people. Sun. Ivanov, in the collection “The Secret of the Secret,” artificially isolated the peasants from the social struggle and became carried away by the depiction of their biological instincts. K. Fedin, in the story “Transvaal” and the stories in the collection of the same name, did not notice the triumph of new, social relations in the Russian village. By exaggerating the role of the kulak, he thereby violated the real balance of forces and paid primary attention to the inertia and stagnation of village life.
In 1925, L. Leonov’s novel “Badgers” was published, in which the writer, unlike early stories, asserted the victory of the organizing principle in the revolution over the elements of the old world. However, the author has not yet achieved a clear demonstration of the stratification of the village. Class struggle was replaced by random litigation between two villages for ownership of hayfields. This litigation determined the attitude of the peasants towards the Russian government. Drawing two brothers, Semyon and Pavel Rakhleev, participating in the struggle on the side of two hostile camps, L. Leonov is guided not so much by the need to show the class struggle that even divided families, but by the desire to base the work on a psychologically intense conflict.
Sholokhov was interested in the class and social struggle, which determined the ideological demarcation of members of the same family. In the story “Wormhole,” the writer depicts a “rift” in a wealthy kulak family. He opposes his father and brother, who are hostile to Russian power. youngest son, Komsomol member Stepan. He cannot remain silent, knowing
that they are deceiving the Soviet government, hiding surplus grain. The feud in the family reaches the point that Yakov Alekseevich and his eldest son Maxim kill Stepan, whom they hate.
The theme of war in the works of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov Completed by: Student of the 11th “b” class Lyudmila Kravchenko Supervisor: Bondareva Natalya Petrovna Taganrog, 2005 Laureate Nobel Prize, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin and State Prize laureate - Mikhail Sholokhov began his literary career in 1923. He created a galaxy of bright works that rightfully took their rightful place in world literature: “The Fate of Man”, “Virgin Soil Upturned”, “They Fought for the Motherland” and, of course, “Quiet Don”. And his work relentlessly followed the stormy, rapid flow of history. The First World War, the Civil War, collectivization, the Great Patriotic War - all these themes entered Sholokhov’s work as the organic impulses of his living mind, which missed nothing, were refracted through the prism of his talent and life experience. In the mouth of Sholokhov, these topics are natural and ordinary, like breathing. The life of the people, the destinies of people - that’s what worried the minds of writers of all generations. And Mikhail Alexandrovich could not remain indifferent to the events taking place in the Fatherland. Just as at one time the Cossacks were divided into whites and reds, so now the population of the Chechen Republic has taken two sides: the “federals” and the “mujahideen.” What about families? Has anyone thought about mothers, wives, children? What should old people do when one brother is a terrorist, and the other is the one who is looking for the first? History returns to normal. War is a serious test for the entire state. Whether it is a battle with foreigners or a civil war, it falls heavily on the shoulders of the people and leaves an indelible mark on the destinies of generations. Sholokhov knew firsthand about the war. While still a 15-year-old boy, he joined the food detachment. And during the Great Patriotic War he went to the front as a military correspondent. His experience, his memories and feelings were especially clearly manifested in “The Fate of a Man.” Sholokhov's style Critics consider the master's approach to creativity to be socialist realism. Here is the opinion of Sholokhov scholar M. Khrapchenko: “Sholokhov is an artist of great insight and high creative integrity. The embodiment of life's truth, no matter how difficult and cruel it may be, is for him a constant and immutable law of creativity. Sholokhova notes genuine fearlessness in the search for truth. He not only does not shy away from the difficult, tragic sides of life, but also persistently and closely examines them, without losing in the slightest degree the historical perspective, faith in man, in his creative, constructive capabilities.” In my opinion, in Sholokhov’s description of the war, three components need to be distinguished: firstly, landscapes and detailed portraits , through which the author conveys the atmosphere of events, actions, secondly, the fate of the main characters, and lastly, crowd scenes where we see the horror and mercilessness of war. “Melekhovsky yard is on the farm itself. The gates from the cattle base lead north to the Don. A steep eight-fathom descent between mossy green chalk blocks, and here is the shore: a pearlescent scattering of shells, a gray, broken border of pebbles kissed by the waves” ... - we read at the very beginning of the novel. Don-Father is beautiful and majestic. He keeps untold riches within himself. The most magnificent greenery grows along the banks, as if asking for a Kazakh farmer “black from work, with flattened fingers” to pluck it with his hand. Don beckons: “near a sunken elm, two carp jumped out at the same time in the bare arms of the branches; the third, smaller one, spinning into the air, persistently beat against the ravine over and over again.” Sholokhov captured the rough imprint of the war in nature. “The earth groaned dully, crucified under many hooves.” The author repeatedly mentions “leaning huts”, speaking about the troubles that the war brought to every farm, every village. * The image of Grigory Melekhov is drawn larger than others. All the convolutions of his complex, contradictory path are traced with extraordinary attention. You really can’t tell right away whether he’s a positive or negative character. He wandered for too long at the crossroads of history, shed a lot of human blood... He fell in love with Aksinya and fell in love with her for the rest of his life. This love reveals one of the best sides of his soul. Having become the commander of the Red Guard division, Melekhov, an experienced front-line soldier, soberly notes how little order there is in the Red Army, how easily it succumbed to panic in Glubokaya, how sluggish the commanders are... “The first post-war spring in the Upper Don was unusually friendly and assertive. At the end of March, warm winds blew from the Azov region, and within two days the sands of the left bank of the Don were completely exposed, snow-filled ravines and gullies in the steppe swelled up, breaking the ice, and the steppe rivers leaped madly”... His path in the war was tragic. Andrei Sokolov is captured under circumstances in which, unfortunately, thousands of people find themselves. Andrei Sokolov, having gone through the crucible of war, lost everything: his family died, his home was destroyed. Peaceful life has arrived, the time of spring awakening has come, the time of hope. And he looks at the world around him with eyes “as if sprinkled with ashes”, “filled with inescapable melancholy”, the words come out of his lips: “Why have you, life, crippled me so much? Why did you distort it like that? I have no answer either in the dark or in the clear sun. No, and I can’t wait!”* An important feature of Sholokhov’s style is the writer’s persistent faith in a bright future, in the humanity and justice of the people. That is why the cold sun “shines” over Grigory and Mishutka. And here are Sholokhov’s words from the story “The Fate of Man”: “What awaits them ahead? And I would like to think that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way, if his Motherland calls him to it.” Yes, no matter what terrible situations the war puts a person in, he, according to the writer, will be able to overcome them with dignity. The bloodshed reaches its climax during the battalion scenes. After all, some are guided by Chuboty’s once expressed thought: “Cut a man boldly!..” Most likely, the daily contemplation of blood, violence, cruelty bears fruit - the Cossacks (and everyone who finds themselves in this “meat grinder”) become less susceptible to human suffering , hearts become hardened. In general, war is a terrible, crazy action, where the main role is assigned to death. A gloomy shadow, she walks among the army, noticing the victim in advance. She chooses human hatred as her weapon. That is why on the faces of those who died in battle one can read the silent question: “For what?!” Anti-humanity, the unnaturalness of war - this is the main thing that Sholokhov’s works convey. A heartfelt “thank you” to him for these lines: “I would like my books to help people become better, to become purer in soul, to awaken love for man, the desire to actively fight for the ideals of humanism and the progress of mankind.” He not only wanted, he nurtured in the hearts and minds of generations the unwritten truth that “life is the most valuable thing a person has.” Probably, this truth flows in each of us thanks to the efforts of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov.
Composition
If the enemy attacks our country, we, writers, at the call of the party and government, will put down our pen and take up another weapon in our hands, so that with the salvo of the rifle corps, which Comrade Voroshilov spoke about, we will fly and defeat the enemy and our lead, heavy and hot, like our hatred of fascism!.. Having defeated our enemies, we will also write books about how we beat these enemies. These books will serve our people and will remain as an edification to those of the invaders who accidentally end up not killed...” Preparing for military trials, Sholokhov was full of plans and plans. He is working on completing the second book of Virgin Soil Upturned, the audience is washing up new novel about the work of the collective farm intelligentsia and the great changes in the countryside. The writer puts in a lot of effort social activities.
In July 1941, the regimental commissar of the reserve Sholokhov was drafted into the army and, together with others Soviet writers went to the front. He took part in the battles near Smolensk on Western Front, near Rostov - on the Southern Front, shared harsh days with the soldiers Battle of Stalingrad, walked along front roads to the very borders of Germany.
In the summer of 1943, Sholokhov addressed a letter to the American people, in which, on behalf of the citizens of the allied country, he offered friendship, called for the fight against the fascists, and pointed out the possible consequences of the slowness and hesitation of the allies. “Into the fate of each of us,” wrote Sholokhov, “the war entered with all the weight that comes with the attempt of one nation to completely destroy, absorb another... The events of the front, the events of the total war in the life of each of us have already left their indelible mark.. .
On the first anniversary of the war, Sholokhov published the story “The Science of Hatred” in Pravda, imbued with journalistic passion and unshakable confidence in the triumph of a just cause. Giving high praise to this work, Pravda wrote a few days later: “How unquenchable hatred for the enemy is born in the heart of a Red Army soldier, the writer Mikhail Sholokhov recently described in his wonderful fiction story “The Science of Hatred.” The author based this story on actual events that one of the war participants told him about at the front. The fighter really did not want his relatives to know about his military hardships, about the difficult trials he experienced in fascist captivity, and asked not to use his last name. And Sholokhov had no need to isolate himself within the framework of private fate. Drawing close up the character of Lieutenant Gerasimov, who underwent the “science of hatred” in severe battles with the enemy,
the writer artistically visibly revealed the national character of the Russian people, separated by the war from peaceful labor, showed the formation and hardening of the Soviet soldier.
“The Science of Hate” and “The Science of Victory” are organically interconnected, one is unthinkable without the other.
The will to life and resistance, the desire to live in order to fight, the high military spirit of Gerasimov, who went through the school of hatred of the enemy, the ineradicable thirst for victory are revealed by Sholokhov as typical national traits of the Russian people, which unfolded with all their might during the years of the great battle.
The ending of the story is connected with the metaphorical introduction to it. The writer fills the detailed artistic comparison on which the entire story is built with great internal meaning, illuminating the entire narrative and giving it artistic integrity. With gray temples, Gerasimov, who suddenly smiled “a simple and sweet, childish smile,” Sholokhov compares to a mighty oak tree. The lieutenant is broken by the experience, but his “gray hair, gained by great hardships,” is pure, his vitality is not broken. He is powerful and strong, like an oak. Such are all the people who feed on the life-giving juices of their native land. He will not be broken by any, even the most difficult, trials and difficulties. People, full of life and the will to fight, imbued with sacred hatred for his sworn enemy and ardent filial love for his mother Motherland, is invincible. This is what the great humanist and patriot Sholokhov said in the harshest days of the Great Patriotic War
