Styles and types of collage

Style is a set of features, the proximity of expressive artistic techniques and means that determine the unity of any direction in creativity.

What can be depicted in a collage? Literally everything that excites, what is loved, what is dear. A collage, like a painting,- it is a reconstruction of only a small part of the picture of life, which has no boundaries. And what more of an artist sees, hears and remembers; the richer his imagination, the more significant his creative discoveries. However, with all the variety of motifs and subjects, floral collages can be divided into four styles:landscape, vegetative, decorative, form-linear.

Each style has its own means artistic expression, their own techniques, their own characteristics.

Landscape style. Landscape collages depict nature (forest, mountains, sea) and natural phenomena (thunderstorm, wind, rain). In a landscape collage you can convey the beauty and signs of any time of year or day. The florist must select the material and work with it in such a way that the viewer, looking, for example, at a composition of small coin leaves, has no doubt that in front of him are mighty century-old trees.

Vegetative style. This style is very close to landscape: both give a picture of nature. However, in works of the vegetative direction, the emphasis is on depicting the life of plants; it is they who become the main characters of the floristic work. The author must have a good sense of himself and be able to convey to the viewer the beauty of leaves, stems, the sophistication of flower shapes and their colors. The picture should be very believable and recognizable. In a vegetative collage, plants are shown on their own; they do not serve to display natural phenomena. If on the background - the sky with clouds - you superimpose thin, spectacularly curving stems of cereals with beautiful panicles, an unusually pleasing, cheerful inflorescence of dill, similar to a light umbrella - this is most likely a landscape. And if you glue leaves and flowers to a simpler background that doesn’t depict anything specific, which is simply spots of color that are pleasing to the eye, and apply strokes to the stems using a brush with paint, then it will be a vegetative collage. True, it should be recognized that the border between these two styles can be quite arbitrary.

Decorative style. The subjects of collages of this style are fantasy. The main thing is an original idea. And they embody it with the help of bright, expressive elements and a colorful background. The viewer, looking at such a collage, tries to guess the mood of the author, his intention. Work in a decorative style should awaken feelings, memories, and associations. This kind of work requires new ideas from the author. interesting ideas, beautiful combinations of colors, pleasing to the eye, and, of course, impeccable execution technique.

Formo-linear style. The name of the style speaks for itself. The main load is borne by geometric shapes made of floral material - circle, rhombus, square, triangle, as well as lines. The background can also be a combination of geometric shapes.

Where to start? What first steps should a collagist take in his work to avoid disappointment? You need to start by searching for a topic. “Oh young artist! Are you waiting for the story? But anything can be a plot! - exclaimed E. Delacroix. “The subject is you yourself, these are the impressions and feelings that you experience while looking at nature...” Look around - ideas for your future collages are nearby, you just need to look at them. Having understood what will be the basis of your plot, decide how you want to present it: realistic or fantasy? This will help you choose a style. Then move on to the practical part.

The type of collage depends on the chosen base. Appearance is appearance, visible appearance; state.

Floral collages can be made on canvas, any fabric, paper, cardboard, leather, metal, glass. The selected base serves as a starting point for creating a background, and may also be the background in its unchanged form or additionally decorated: with paints, volumetric putty, artistic paste, and small decorative elements. The work can be done without a background, for example, collages are created on a frame.

Collage on canvas.Canvas is a primed fabric, most often linen, which is the most durable. Finished canvases are usually primed with an emulsion primer that includes glue and oil. Canvas is a fairly elastic base stretched over a stretcher.

You can create a background on a canvas by painting it oil paints, or you can apply putty. Accordingly, the collage elements can be fixed with glue, or they can be placed in damp putty. The latter option is most suitable for materials such as sand, gravel, buckwheat, coffee beans, and shells. Then they can be covered with a layer of PVA glue. Collages that use only one type of decorative material look very good. For example, if you randomly fix hydrangea or bougainvillea flowers in putty. To make such works more expressive, you can treat their surfaces with a spray that creates a shiny effect.

Collage on fabric.Almost any fabric - cotton, silk, linen, velvet - can serve not only as a basis, but also as an excellent background for a floral collage. The fabric is stretched onto a stretcher or glued onto cardboard using a floral gun. The elements of the composition are fixed directly to the surface of the fabric using a glue gun. The main thing is to accurately arrange the floral material, as required by the design and laws of composition. You should also consider the room in which your work is destined to be located. So, hardly in a modest way country house elaborate works done on silk and velvet would be appropriate. But collages based on chintz, linen, and canvas will probably come in handy.

Equally important is the correct combination of fabric and plant material. To decorate linen fabric, canvas or chintz, choose “modest” plants that are familiar to everyone from childhood - dill, physalis, pansy flowers, daisies. For fine silk and mysterious velvet, more sophisticated flowers, such as orchids, delphiniums, and freesias, are suitable.

Collage on batik.Batik is a multi-colored cotton or silk fabric, the design on which is obtained by applying and fixing paints with wax. Essentially, batik collage is a variation of the previous collage making technique. Since batik is very effective in itself, floral material is used in minimal quantities. The base (aka background) and the elements of the composition complement each other’s beauty. We must admit: creating a collage on batik is a delicate job.

Collage on paper.The basis for a floral collage can be, for example, ordinary velvet paper. To make the work effective, use paper dark colors(rich burgundy, black or deep blue). Against such a background, poplar fluff or white cotton wool from a cotton box looks great. In addition, wrapping paper is also suitable for creating a background. It's about not about the bright shiny sheets in which gifts are traditionally wrapped - any composition of dried plants and other natural and artificial materials will be lost on them.

Wrapping paper in calm, soft colors is a different matter. You can also use corrugated paper, but creating compositions on it is very difficult! But if you try, you will get a very original work. Good stuff for background and colored paper for pastels. But, perhaps, the ideal choice is floral paper with natural inclusions, such as leaves and small flowers.

Collage without background.Such a collage can be made on wooden frames or on frames made of flexible branches, bamboo sticks, wire - the elements of the composition are fixed directly to them. You can also use a ready-made frame purchased at a floral supply store. There is no background as such in such works. However, the color of the wall on which the work made of floral material will be placed can act in this capacity. A plain wall is a better option than wallpaper with a pattern: it can prevent your work from appearing in all its glory.

Thus, the style of collage depends on the chosen genre of performance, and the type of collage depends on the technique of execution and the basis on which the collage will be made.

It can be concluded that the collage technique required type creativity, which has its own styles, types, means, expressions of feelings, moods, teaches to see beauty surrounding nature, fosters a love of art and can act as a means of development artistic creativity. It is necessary to develop creativity in children as early as possible through productive activities.

REGIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY "POISK"

State-owned educational institution"Pologrudovskaya Secondary School" by Tarski municipal district Omsk region

Research work on technology

Horsetail Alina

Supervisor:

technology teacher.

Pologrudovo -2011

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………p. 2-3

CHAPTER 1. Basic information about floral collages pp. 4-7

1.1. History of collage…………………………….. pp. 4-6

1.2. Basic floral styles……………... p.6-7

CHAPTER 2. Preparatory and practical techniques for making a collage……………………………………………………………………………….pp.7-17

2.1. The relevance of the new direction of folk

art……………………………………………………… p.8-9

2.2. Basis for floral collage………. pp.9-10

2.3. Materials for floral collage…… p.10-12

2.4. Methods of drying plants for floral compositions…………………………………………………………….. p.12-15

2.5. Collage technology……………… p.15-17

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………… p.18

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST…………………………p.19

INTRODUCTION

Collage is a special method of creating artistic compositions.

Its main principle is to create a kind of mosaic from materials of different shapes and textures. Pieces of fabric, scraps of newspaper or book pages, buttons, glass shards, wood shavings - in general, everything that is at hand, everything that expresses the author's intention, is fixed on canvas, cardboard - on any common basis using glue, wire, thread and forms complete picture. The concept of "floristry" comes from the word "flora". In ancient Roman mythology, this was the name of the goddess of flowers, spring, and youth. A floral collage is created using natural materials - dry plants, fruits, gravel, shells, feathers, bark, etc. Usually all these elements are superimposed on a background decorated with paints. Such compositions combine the features of arrangement, principles of painting, and collage technique. They become expressive element decor. Paintings and photographs as a way to decorate a home are losing popularity: they cease to amaze, and the sense of novelty is lost. The three-dimensional image in collages is unusual and therefore arouses keen interest. It creates the effect of presence, the impression of a fragment of nature, a landscape built into the interior. Collage is now in fashion; it is a stylish interior decoration. Its value lies in the author's vision, in its uniqueness and in the fact that its possibilities are far from being exhausted; many discoveries are still ahead. You can change the composition of the solution, methods of applying the material, look for a new texture, the materials themselves, and color solutions. I want to master the art of floral artists and create a floral collage.

I choose plant materials as the object of research, and methods of working with them as the subject of research.

While performing my work, I set myself the following goals and objectives.

Goal: Create a floral collage.

1. Learn basic floral styles

2. Identify ways to prepare materials for work and technology for making collages.

3. Apply the studied materials in practice.

4. Study public opinion.

Hypothesis - “Paintings without a brush and paints” are called such works, since traditional paints - oil, watercolor, gouache - are successfully replaced by a rich palette and varied texture of natural materials.

When performing the work, I conducted a survey, conversation and research, the results of which I compared, analyzed, summarized and made a conclusion about the significance of my work. The value of my work lies in the fact that using the material I have studied, any adult or student can make a floral collage and decorate the interior of their room with a unique painting that reflects the author’s personality, and not a mass-produced item.

Many paintings, excellent in their pictorial design and richness of colors, were created by florists: portraits of S. Yesenin, P. Picasso, made from dried plants by the artist-florist N. Alekseevsky, “Cornflowers” ​​by the artist Z. Mamontova, “Cyclamens” by E. Gavrilova, “Daisies and Bells” - V. Demidova.

IN contemporary art collage remains one of the favorite techniques; it is often still used as a means of shocking, expressing sarcasm, irony, and sometimes black humor. At the same time, collages are increasingly being used as elements of interior design, including home decor, and are becoming increasingly popular, gradually becoming a new direction of folk art.

Chapter 1 Basic information about floral collages

1.1 History of collage

Collage is a relatively young art direction. It is the brainchild of the last turbulent century, when artists were looking for new means to express their thoughts, feelings and moods. The collage technique (from the French collage - gluing) provides wide scope for creativity, since a variety of materials can be used to create works - plants, paints, fabrics, metal parts, etc. And it all began...

The founder of collage is considered to be the French cubist artist Georges Braque. In 1913 he was the first to use original technique- gluing strips of colored paper onto cardboard. To make the texture of the paper more impressive, the artist mixed sand into the paint. Soon he was joined by a like-minded person - the great Pablo Picasso. For five years they worked together. They used scraps of newspapers, wallpaper, posters, pieces of fabric, business cards... As a result of creative search, it was discovered that even the most ordinary materials, when combined with each other on a specially selected background, become unusually expressive. This is how collage was developed - a technical technique in fine arts, when materials that differ from it in color and texture are glued onto any base. The work itself, made using a similar technique, is also called a collage.

In the 30s, interest in collage waned, and in the 50s it flared up with new strength- in line with the pop art art movement that appeared in the West at that time. Naturally, the collages of that time reflect his spirit, the moods and tastes that existed at that time. In Russian art, the first to use the collage technique was Aristarkh Lentulov. The indefatigable experimenter combined in his canvases painting fragments with pasted pieces of foil and colored paper. The most striking works created in a similar technique over the years are the panels “Moscow”, “St. Basil”, “Ship”. In the 60s he turned to the collage technique famous artist Ilya Glazunov. This is how he created the painting “The Old Man” and many works on historical subjects.

Such a trend in the art of collage as floral collage is also experiencing its peak of popularity both in our country and abroad. The concept of "floristry" comes from the word "flora". In ancient Roman mythology, this was the name of the goddess of flowers, spring, and youth. Floristry is the branch of biology that studies the totality of plant species. Floristry is the art of combining dried plants to create panels and compositions. Most well-known representative This type of creativity is the German florist Friedhelm Raffel, who owns unusually expressive works. Mr. Raffel has a huge number of students and followers around the world. Floral collages are created mainly using natural materials - dried leaves, flowers, stems, etc. Of course, works made in this vein bear little resemblance to collages by artists of the 20th century. However, they are based on the same techniques: elements of different colors are glued onto a picturesque background; form and texture. Paintings created using dried plants sometimes resemble a herbarium. Skillfully composed, it could decorate the pages of an album and become a reminder of a happy time, a memorable event. Sensitive girls decorated a letter or postcard with dried flower petals. However, more complex works, executed in compliance with the rules of composition, can be real works of art. What distinguishes a floristic collage from a herbarium is, first of all, a correctly selected background, which interacts with the material located on it according to certain laws. Floral collages are made by hand, in a single copy. This gives them psychological appeal as any unique thing that reflects the author’s personality. Modern world increasingly gravitates toward individuality, returning to those times when the world of objects was not the result of mass production. Floristry is the youngest type of applique.

1.2 Basic floral styles

- Decorative (landscape) style- the most common. When executing decorative work The task of the florist is not to identify the characteristics of each plant, but to subordinate them to the idea of ​​​​creating the whole. At the same time, plants, even losing their individuality, acquire beauty in unity. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical principles of composition are used, various ways distribution of material and the use of various floral techniques. Decorative style involves the use of a large amount of material and its variety in color, shape and texture. It is allowed to mix colors of different seasons, geographic areas, forms of significance, species and families in one composition. Materials for decorative arrangements can include fruits, vegetables, berries, various floral accessories - ribbons, paper, jewelry, etc.

- Vegetative style considered the most difficult. In order to successfully create compositions in this style, the florist must subtly feel the inner essence of plants, bringing his creations closer to natural images nature. In addition to flowers and leaves, stones, driftwood, pine cones, branches, moss, fruits, berries and other natural materials are often used in vegetative arrangements. This style is characterized by a free arrangement of material, identical to natural. It is mandatory to preserve the natural growth forms, sizes and shapes of plants. One arrangement uses flowers from only one season and one geographic range.

The vegetative style is especially good in spring compositions to convey the state of Nature’s awakening. The image of a waking forest - tender grass breaking through, thawed patches, the first snowdrops.

- Linear style. The florist, when creating an arrangement, focuses on the line, minimizing the amount of material used. Preference is given to plants with unusually curved stems, which may form a line. If in a decorative style a line can be an additional touch, here it is the idea of ​​the composition. Lines can be straight, winding, curved and smooth. To create active tension in the arrangement, the contrast of lines with different movement patterns is used. The linear style is usually characterized by an asymmetrical arrangement of material. The direction of the lines in the composition may be different, but one of them must prevail. The linear style is more difficult to perceive, but it allows you to assemble an excellent composition from a small amount of material.

- Shape style involves the creation of clear, recognizable geometric shapes (wreath, ball, pyramid, cross, and so on) using any floral techniques. This style is as clear and concise as possible. It requires a clear understanding of the task and great accuracy in execution. The shape can be created from leaves, branches and other parts of plants. The range of techniques used is very wide - from simple pasting of an oasis to complex weaving from one type of material.

Chapter 2. Preparatory and practical techniques for making a collage.

2.1. The relevance of the new direction of folk art.

Before starting work, I did research on how relevant and modern the topic is, what others know about floristry and floral collage. Do adults and children use floral paintings in everyday life? Is there a need to create floral paintings? To do this, I compiled a questionnaire of four questions and conducted

Questioning among children and adults.

1. Do you know what kind of art floristry is?

2. What floral styles are you familiar with?

3. What is a floral collage?

4. Do you use collage to decorate your interior?

As a result of the study, it turned out that 19 people know about the existence of floristic art, and this is 76%. but about styles

Only 1 of the respondents knows this type of creativity. But the idea of

floral collage have a majority - 52% of those participating in the survey. Floral paintings for interior decoration

only used by 4 people. The survey results confirmed that

This is a relatively young movement in art, a rather unusual method of creating artistic compositions that requires detailed study.

Basis for floral collage

Collage on canvas

Canvas is a primed fabric, most often linen, which is the most durable. Finished canvases are usually primed with an emulsion primer that includes glue and oil. Canvas is a fairly elastic base stretched over a stretcher. Collage elements can be fixed with glue, or they can be placed in wet putty.

Collage on fabric

Almost any fabric - cotton, silk, linen, velvet, etc. - can serve not only as a basis, but also as an excellent background for a floral collage. The fabric is stretched onto a stretcher or glued onto cardboard using a floral gun. The elements of the composition are fixed directly to the surface of the fabric using a glue gun

Collage on paper

The basis for a floral collage can be, for example, ordinary velvet paper. To make the work effective, use dark-colored paper (rich burgundy, black or deep blue). Against such a background, poplar fluff or white cotton wool from a cotton box looks great. In addition, wrapping paper of calm, soft colors is also suitable for creating a background. You can also use corrugated paper.

Collage without background

Such a collage can be made on wooden frames or on frames made of flexible branches, bamboo sticks, wire, etc. - the elements of the composition are fixed directly to them. You can also use a ready-made frame purchased at a floral supply store. There is no background as such in such works.

2. 3. Materials for floral collage

Each of the materials has its own unique characteristics, according to which it is used for one purpose or another.

Branches of trees and bushes

Branches of trees and shrubs, especially decorative, beautifully flowering ones, can be an excellent material for floral arrangements. From the flowering shoots of shrubs such as lilac and jasmine alone, you can create a wonderful composition or bouquet. Shoots of shrubs with large thorns or thorns, such as hawthorn branches, are very good in arrangements. Twisty, intricately curved shoots are especially valued.

Lichens

Lichens are one of the favorite materials of many florists. Thallus lichens are very diverse in color, size, shape and structure. Lichens can have different colors: white, pink, bright yellow, orange, yellowish-green, brown, black and some others.

Feathers are most often used in Easter floristry. Their lightness and fluffy texture soften the arrangement, introducing notes of tenderness into it. For compositions, ostrich, peacock, swan, and chicken feathers are usually used.

Shells, being a marine attribute, themselves determine the theme of the composition. In combination with tropical plants, shells perfectly convey the exotic mood of hot latitudes. Seashells come in different shapes and colors. They go well with glass and metal.

Plant seeds are also used as floral material. Most often, florists use sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, herbs, calendula, legumes, acacia, and chestnut. Dry seeds combined with living material create an unusual and interesting contrast, which is often used in arrangements.

Another very fashionable material used in modern floristry is straw. Fresh flowers placed on a base of dried cereal stems look even more tender and tender thanks to the contrast. Straw is unique in its versatility: it can be given any shape - even complex weaving. Its natural color, natural texture, pleasant smell allow us to more acutely feel closeness to nature.

Dry leaves

Dry leaves are an excellent material for autumn compositions. Leaves, kept flat under a press, have a smooth surface and are very good for collages. The combination of dry leaves and living material looks very original.

Grass has many properties that make it a popular arranging material. Some types of grasses are very plastic and allow you to create various complex weaves that make the composition original. It is often an element of a vegetative arrangement.

Pine cones are most commonly used in Christmas arrangements. The variety of shapes and sizes, a pleasant pine aroma - all this makes them an excellent material for holiday compositions, garlands and wreaths. The natural color of the cones can be replaced with any other using a coloring aerosol and other materials….

Methods of drying plants for floral arrangements

Drying plants is the most common and simplest way to process plants that are intended for making a variety of floral compositions. For most harvested plants intended for further processing, the main requirement is protection from moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to collect plant material in dry, sunny weather. There are several ways to dry plants; I reviewed and studied them.54

Natural drying of plants.

Shoots of some types of plants with decorative flowers or fruits (astilbe, nicandra, kermek, helichrysum, physalis, marigold, ranunculus, rose) can be dried in the garden without cutting - directly on the root. And then cut off the shoots and place them in the composition.

Air drying plants.

With this method, many plants retain their natural color.

It is better to dry cut plants in bunches with their heads down, freeing the flowers from unnecessary leaves. For example, tansy, limonium, solidago (goldenrod) are dried in this way. For better preservation and ease of further use in the composition of fruits and materials with prickly or fragile stems (pepper, teasel, acroclinum, etc.), their fruits and inflorescences are first separated and secured on a wire.

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Fig.2 Air drying plants

Flat drying of plants

Flat drying of plants involves laying out straightened leaves, flowers and shoots between sheets of paper. Then these sheets are laid out with hygroscopic material (newspaper or filter paper, napkins, etc.) and pressed down with a weight. As moisture is absorbed, the damp paper must be replaced with dry paper.

Plants dried in this way are used to create flat collages.

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Rice. 3 Flat drying of plants

Volume drying of plants

Volumetric drying of plants is carried out in sand or cotton wool.

For preservation in sand, you can make a special device, which is a small box with a sliding bottom and a fine mesh inserted above it. The lattice insert is fixed at a distance of 3 cm from the bottom. The box is filled with well-washed and calcined sand up to the grate.

Plants with flat inflorescences-baskets are placed in a box with sand with their stems up (for example, asters, buttercups, pansies, daisies, forget-me-nots, etc.). And plants with voluminous and double inflorescences have stems down (marigolds, dahlias, peonies, roses, lilies, etc.).

The duration of drying plants in sand depends on the air temperature and the type of flowers; usually ranges from 5-10 days.

After drying the plants, the bottom of the box is removed, the sand is poured out, and the flowers remain on the mesh.

Drying plants with an iron.

You should not abandon the fairly quick method of drying plants using an iron.

This is a very effective drying method for e.g. autumn leaves and acacia flowers, viola, matiolla. Place 4-5 sheets of newspaper or blotting paper on a smooth board and straighten the plants; iron with a moderately hot iron.

2.5 Collage technology

Gather natural material possible all year round, from early spring until late autumn, since each season has its own charms: some species are interesting in buds, others in full bloom, and others in fruits. Ash and maple seeds are collected even in winter. In early spring, you can dry the flowers and leaves of lily of the valley, tulips, kupavka, and buttercup. At the beginning of summer you can collect poplar fluff, in the middle - forest, field, meadow flowers, and a little later - leaves autumn trees. Moreover, in the fall the entire earth will be covered with leaves. Places for collecting plants are forests, swamps, meadows and gardens.

Before starting work, you need to prepare your workplace . It should be spacious so that everything you need is at hand. A work table, preferably stable and large, should be placed in front of the window, then in daylight it will be enough natural light. The following tools and equipment must be prepared: scissors, large and small; Tweezers - for straightening individual elements of the composition, working with fragile parts of plants and small finishing materials; brushes medium soft for tinting individual elements. For work you will also need: tracing paper and carbon paper;

PVA glue, paste (made from potato starch, it does not leave stains on the product), casein glue (for gluing thick leaves); material for making the base.

When composing flowers (asters, lilies, orchids), the petals are first glued onto a circle of tracing paper with a diameter of 1-2 cm for strength, then the finished flower is applied and glued to the background in accordance with the intended composition. After gluing the flower, leaf, or petal, the picture is ironed with a hot iron through several layers of paper directly over the plants to enhance the color. When creating paintings from dry material, it is necessary to take into account the laws of harmony - proportion, contrast, rhythm and depth of composition. A flower arrangement should not be overloaded, heavy with an abundance of flowers, or disorderly. Lightness, freedom in the placement of colors, elegance of contours, purity of colors, natural combinations, an idea - these are what should be achieved.

Conclusion

Nature has always been a good friend of man, she gave him clothing, food and shelter. Her beauty inspired poets and artists to create greatest works. The ability to see and feel beauty native nature- great happiness. Take a closer look at nature - every flower and blade of grass is unique and beautiful in its own way. From spring to late, greenery blooms. Nature gives us a unique variety of colors and perfection of forms. This beauty can and should be transferred to a painting. Such work will develop thinking and hard work, artistic taste and observation, love for native land and a caring attitude towards her. And collecting material in the fresh air is quite pleasant.

Having mastered the technique of creating collages, I was able to use unusual “paints” - flowers, twigs, leaves and other materials - to paint enchanting landscapes and convey my moods, feelings, dreams through shape and color... I think that I accomplished my goal. The work I have completed will decorate the interior of the technology room.

Today this type of creativity is developing rapidly and multifacetedly. It is becoming a popular, truly folk Russian style, close to you and me. The works of florists decorate our homes, schools, and museums. They instill kindness and care into our hearts. Remains in our memory for a long time, for many years. And a master with the wonderful name Nature taught us this art.

Bibliography

1. Anisimova A. Home floristry. - Publisher: Publishing House "Niola"

21st century", 2004.

2. Asmann P. Modern floristry. - Publisher: Culture and Traditions, 2003.

3. – Floristry. Publisher: AST "Stalker", 2006

4. Ruby B. - School of Floristry. Publisher: M: Eksmo, 2007

5. Materials from the Interior http://www. *****/njuki

If you want to present to a loved one a pleasant surprise or just to diversify the interior of your home, then think about making a collage. In this article we will talk about what a collage is, as well as its main varieties. You will also learn about the process of making such works with your own hands at home.

Collage and ways to create it

Collage is an original image created from several or many photographs and pictures. Typically, there are two main ways to create such works. When choosing the first one, you will need a large sheet on which all the elements of the collage, glue, scissors and materials from which you plan to make the collage will be placed: photographs, magazines, newspapers, etc. A wide variety of materials can be combined in one work - appearance collage can only be limited by your imagination.

An example of an original collage

All you need to create a collage if you choose the second method is a computer, materials for work and “Photo COLLAGE”. Please note that absolutely any images from your PC or the Internet can serve as sources for the collage.

An example of an abstract collage

Types of collages

The biggest advantage of collages is that they can be dedicated to absolutely any topic. If we talk about the most popular types, then it is immediately worth noting family collages. The ideal material for such work, of course, is photographs that depict all family members.

Just as popular are “romantic” collages, which clearly illustrate the story of a couple. Such a collage is not only an original way to cheer up your other half without good reason, but also an excellent gift for the next significant date- anniversary or wedding.

It is impossible not to mention the collages compiled “hot on the heels” of trips. Such works are both an aesthetic pleasure and a kind of report that can effectively combine all the photos on one sheet and become a creative decoration for the living room or bedroom.

Collage about vacation

Also remain invariably popular, which will help you create a list of goals and objectives for the year, and will also become an excellent motivation for achieving them.

So, you've learned about collage, which means it's time to try it. own strength in its production in the “PhotoCOLLAGE” program.

How to make a collage yourself?

First, you need to install the software on your PC. You can do this from one of the pages of our website. Immediately after launching the application, create new project and you can start working.

Start window of the PhotoCOLLAGE program

Built into the program large number blanks that can be used to create your own compositions from photos.

Original collage template selection menu

Among them there are both simple templates for placing images on a sheet, and full-fledged collages, for the readiness of which you need to add photos to the free slots. However, this may not be enough. Then the program’s built-in editor will come to your aid, in which you can easily edit any downloaded template.

Classic collage template selection menu

“Photo COLLAGE” allows you to choose a background for your work, using color, gradient, texture or a full-fledged image as a background.

Main program window

For each photo you can add beautiful frames that will highlight the overall idea of ​​the collage. If the image is uneven, then it doesn’t matter: just correct it using the crop function.

Photo cropping window

Using the text addition feature, you can add creative commentary to your composition or add captions to any photos. If this doesn’t seem enough, then decorate the collage with clipart from the built-in catalog and your work will sparkle with new colors.

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Creative work on the topic: “Collage: history and basics of composition” Teacher of the subject “Technology” Kuchinskaya I. V. Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School 1, Svetly 2011 A fragment of the painting by A. Matisse “Sea Animals” was used in the presentation. Material from film " World history painting", as well as from sites:

Collage denies the concept of the whole, since it is a fragment and consists of fragments. In connection with this, it is difficult to give an unambiguous precise definition this type of art. Collage (French collage - “pasting”) is a method of creating a composition that combines elements of different textures (newspaper clippings, pieces of fabric, photographs). They overlap each other and are secured to a common base. Collage is when an image is created from various pieces of completely understandable objects, which in meaning is something else, like a poetic metaphor, but not in words, but in images. COLLAGE IS...

From the point of view of the combination and synthesis of individual materials and objects, we can say that collage has always existed, and it formed the basis of such types of art as painting (paint-plaster, paint-canvas), sculpture (metal-stone), architecture (sandstone- gold-gypsum). Collage was recognized as an independent art form only in the 20th century, when artists (cubists, futurists) began to use pieces of newspapers, wallpaper, and photographs in their works, gluing them onto canvas. The date of origin of collage is considered to be 1912, when the French artist Georges Braque used newspaper clippings in his painting. Pablo Picasso immediately picked up the innovation and interpreted it in his own way. HISTORY OF COLLAGE

Collage makes it possible to: Combine and synthesize images and objects of various textures and colors: color and black and white, photographs and drawings, texts and fonts Use fragments of paintings and objects as compositional details Convey ideas through extraneous details of the composition without relevant to the main topic. BENEFITS OF COLLAGE

To build a collage composition it is necessary: ​​PRINCIPLES OF CREATION 1. Determine the idea, task, theme of the collage, mood, impression it should have on the viewer 2. Determine the format - dimensions, shape, height, width 3. Select a scheme - the desired psychological perception of the collage on the viewer? Does the chosen scheme express your thoughts and the mood of the collage?

There are few schemes for constructing a collage. They are based on the principles of human psychological perception of reality. Examples: 1) “loneliness” is resolved through the presentation of a lonely object and a huge empty surrounding space 2) the “small size” of the object is conveyed through a contrasting comparison with a large object 3) “depression” is conveyed through the placement of the object in the lower part of the plane and heavy, overloaded with elements/ flowers on the top part of the BUILDING DIAGRAM 1)2)3)

“decoupage” is a decoration technique in which various materials(paper, napkins, fabric, leather) images/fragments of the design are cut out and then pasted onto various surfaces (dishes, furniture, decorations) “assemblage” - a decorating technique in which various objects or parts of objects are attached to the base “applique” - a creation technique ornament on fabric/paper by overlaying pieces of various materials (paper, fabric, leather) “accumulation” - a combination of exactly identical objects in order to create an unusual aesthetic effect “film collage” - combining fragments of fiction, documentary and animated films in one film “altar” - decorating the home interior, which creates an “idol museum”: newspaper clippings, magazines, photos, articles, clothing items TYPES OF COLLAGE

We can say that collage has gone from an independent craft to the cinema industry (film collage), theater (scenery), advertising (posters, signs, videos), and remains today one of the most popular and widespread techniques. The only museum of its kind with a rich collection of collage works is located in France, Sergin. The museum regularly holds practical exercises on collage techniques and organizes an international salon in Paris modern collage, which exhibits up to 110 artists from 25 nationalities. In addition, the Museum organizes collage studios in schools, rest homes, and hospitals. COLLAGE TODAY

INTRODUCTION

Collage, photo collage are very popular nowadays because... used in all graphic editors. Every photographer should know Photoshop. A new high-quality stage in the history of collage appeared with the advent of Photoshop. Photo collage is a free, arbitrary combination, sometimes not even interconnected, of several styles of photographic images in one picture or photograph.

To create a photo collage, a theme based on the game “CrossFire” was chosen.

The plot of the game is based on military operations. "CrossFire" popular online game in Russia, China, Canada, Europe.

COLLAGE. HISTORY OF PHOTO COLLAGE

History of collage

Collage (French collage - gluing), a technical technique in the fine arts, gluing onto any base materials that differ from it in color and texture. A collage is also a name for a work made entirely using this technique. Collage is used mainly in graphics for the sake of greater emotional acuity of the texture of the work, the unexpectedness of the combination of dissimilar materials. Collage was introduced as a formal experiment by the Cubists, Futurists and Dadaists (gluing scraps of newspapers, photographs, wallpaper, pieces of fabric, wood chips, etc. to canvas).

Collage is an art that challenges painting" (Louis Aragon).

Collage is when an image is created from various pieces of completely understandable objects, which in meaning is something completely different, that is, a poetic metaphor, but not made with words, but with images.

A collage is a graphic work mounted in the form of a single composition from parts of different natures and different origins.

Collages are compositions made from different images, opposite in character or in harmony, placed next to each other or superimposed one on top of the other. It is a whole that is more than the sum of its parts.

Collages are not just a set of pictures collected on one plane. This is the art of making one whole from incompatible things.

A collage is a certain collection of individual elements, “brought together” and representing something meaningful

Photo collage

Photo collage is a free, arbitrary combination, sometimes not even interconnected, of several styles of photographic images in one picture or photograph.

The effect of a photo collage is achieved by superimposing one image on another, combining several photo images in one, sometimes even with graphic elements (mosaic) or using a chaotic set of various images (puzzle). As photography developed, it became possible to use various techniques and methods for creating collages using special effects. It should be noted that this direction art is becoming more accessible to an increasing number of people who do not have professional skills in photography or computer processing of photographs (for example, with using Photoshop). A lot depends primarily on the imagination of the author himself and his desire to do something unusual or surreal. Photo collage is possible in several genres, such as satirical, philosophical, political, metamorphic, propaganda and other images.

The most prominent representatives of the art world in the field of photo collage include: D. Hartfield, R. Hausmann, H. Hoch, M. Ernst, L. Moholy-Nagy, A. Rodchenko, V. Stepanova, E. Lisitsky, Yu. Rozhkov, G. Klutsis et al.

The technique of photomontage began its development in the 19th century, almost simultaneously with the development of photography itself, and was initially used to correct the technical features of photographs of that time. In those days, photographic materials were poorly sensitive to shades of blue, so they were difficult to distinguish, for example, the sky and clouds. To add the necessary shades, photographers used combined printing.

In the late 1950s, two American photographers, Walesmann and Michaels, used black and white material to create stunning images. They laid the foundations of modern photomontage. Walesmann decades ago in his darkroom created what we are now trying to achieve using Photoshop.

In the 20th century, the art of collage penetrated especially vividly into advertising, theater and cinema. Later, combined photography, due to the capacity of visual solutions, began to be widely used both by periodicals and in book design.

The photo collage technique comes not only in the form of a combination of several subjects in one. There are mosaic or puzzle techniques (creating single picture using many small cards that are similar in motif or texture within the photograph). A mosaic can be composed as a single picture of something, or it can ultimately form something completely new - for example, if you make one from many different tonal photographs, and then abstract it and look from afar - you can see a person’s face or some other image in the intertwining different story.

A new qualitative turn in the history of collage appeared with the advent of Photoshop, which at the moment Almost any photographer owns it. Now, when creating a multifaceted composition, you can easily remove and replace individual photocells or swap them. Such simplification in work, as a consequence, leads to the fact that once elite art becomes mass and accessible to the public. Some works and their authors have long captivated millions of admirers of this art form.

The technique of collage execution, like the collage itself, can be different. Everyone knows that a collage is made up of several pieces (objects). The minimum is 2 images. Maximum - limits are set only by the power and speed of your computer and you yourself.

To begin with, you should divide the collage into concrete and abstract. The style of surrealism is most consistent with an abstract collage (nothing is clear, but it looks beautiful). Specific is when there is specificity. That is, I clearly understand what is shown in the picture.

When creating a collage, sooner or later you have to think about composition and geometry. Composition is nothing more than the arrangement, composition and combination of individual elements into one whole. In addition to the elements themselves, it also includes their perspective, lighting, tonality, contrast, shadows, as well as a number of specific effects that give the work a special “taste”. All this plays an important role in creating a collage. But let's try to figure it out. Personally, I don't do much math when I make a collage. The composition builds on its own as the work progresses. There are collages where it is not there at all, as such. The important thing is not how to build a collage, but how it will be perceived by you and those who will look at it.

The composition can be based on several things. For example, when you are working with one photograph, which already contains composition or geometry. In this case, all you have to do is process the image correctly.

Or when you yourself make a composition from several photographs. There are a number of points here.

There is a so-called central option (centering) - this is when the main object, that is, what attention is concentrated on, is in the center of your work. Or the work itself is structured in such a way that your gaze is somehow directed to the center. This can be either a collage or a regular photo.