A message about the Finno-Ugric people. Secrets of History: Finno-Ugrians. Modern independent Finno-Ugric states

, ), Mor-Dov-skaya (Mord-va - er-zya and mok-sha), Ma-riy-skaya (Ma-ri-tsy), Perm-skaya (ud-mur-ty, ko-mi, ko -mi-per-mya-ki), Ugric (Ug-ry - Hung-ry, Khan-ty and Man-si). Number of approx. 24 million people (2016, est.).

Great-ro-di-na F.-u., in-vi-di-mo-mu, was in the zone of forests of the West. Si-bi-ri, Ura-la and Pre-du-ra-lya (from the Middle Ob to the Lower Kama) in the 4th - middle. 3rd millennium BC e. Their ancient activities were hunting, river fishing and so-bi-ra-tel-st. According to Lin-gwis-ti-ki, F.-u. did you have any contact with sa-mo-diy-ski-mi na-ro-da-mi And tun-gu-so-man-chur-ski-mi na-ro-da-mi, in the south as mi-ni-mum from the beginning. 3rd thousand - from India to Iran. na-ro-da-mi (aria-mi), on za-pa-de - with pa-leo-ev-ro-pei-tsa-mi (from their languages ​​the sub-strata traces in Western Finno-Ugric languages), from the 2nd half. 3rd thousand - with the na-ro-da-mi, close-ki-mi to the ancestors of the Germans, Bal-tov and Slavs (pre-sta-vi-te-la-mi shnu-ro-voy ke-ra-mi-ki kul-tur-no-is-to-ri-che-society). From the 1st half. 2nd thousand in progress with the Aryans in the south and from central Europe. in-do-ev-ro-pei-tsa-mi on the za-pas-de F.-u. I’m familiar with the water-stuff and then with the land. In the 2nd-1st thousand, the spread of Finnish-Ugric languages ​​to the west - to the North-East. Pri-bal-ti-ki, North. and Center. Scan-di-na-vii (see. Set-cha-toy ke-ra-mi-ki kul-tu-ra , Anan-in-skaya kul-tu-ra) and you-de-le-nie Baltic-Finnish languages And Sami languages. From the 2nd half. 1st millennium BC e. in the CBC and from the 2nd half. 1st millennium AD e. in Vol-go-Ura-lye there is no connection between you and the Turks. To the most ancient letters. upo-mi-na-ni-yam F.-u. from-no-syat Fenni in “Germany” Ta-tsi-ta (98 AD). From the end 1st thousand on the development of a number of Finnish-Ugric peoples there was a significant influence of their inclusion in composition of the Middle Ages. states ( Volzhsko-Kamskaya Blvd., Ancient Rus', Sweden). According to the data given by the Middle Ages. letters is-exactly-ni-kov and that-by-ni-mi, F.-u. back in the beginning 2nd millennium AD e. co-sta-la-whether basic. in the northern forest and tun-d-ro-voy zone East. Euro-py and Scan-di-na-vii, but there were then in the meaning. me-re as-si-mi-li-ro-va-ny germ-man-tsa-mi, sla-vya-na-mi (pre-all-me-rya; perhaps, mu-ro-ma, me-sche-ra, za-vo-loch-skaya, etc.) and tur-ka-mi.

For the spiritual culture of F.-u. were there any cults of the spirits of the nature. It’s possible that ideas about the highest heavenly god have taken shape. Question about the presence of element-men-tov sha-ma-niz-ma dis-kus-sio-nen. From the beginning 2nd thousand. Europe in Christianity (Hungarians in 1001, Ka-re-lys and Finns in the 12-14th centuries, Komi in the late 14th century) and times -vi-tion of writings in Finnish-Ugric languages. At the same time, a number of Finnish-Ugric groups (especially among the Mari and Ud-murts of Bashki-ria and Ta-tar-sta-na) until the 21st century. maintains its communal religion, although it has been subject to Christian influence. Pri-nya-tie is-la-ma F.-u. in Po-Vol-zhye and Si-bi-ri by-st-ro pri-vo-di-lo to their as-si-mi-la-tion ta-ta-ra-mi, for this mu- sulm. communities among the F.-u. practically no.

In the 19th century for-mi-ru-et-sya between-zh-du-nar. Finnish-Ugric movement, in which the traits of Pan-Finnish-but-Ugric-riz-ma appear.

Lit.: Basics of the Finnish-Ugric language: Questions about the development and development of Finnish -Ugric languages. M., 1974; Hai-du P. Ural languages ​​and peoples. M., 1985; Na-Polish V.V. Introduction to the history of ura-li-sti-ku. Izhevsk, 1997.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Finno-Ugric peoples (Finno-Ugrians) - a linguistic community of peoples speaking Finno-Ugric languages, living in Western Siberia, Central, Northern and Eastern Europe.

Peoples speaking Finno-Ugric (Finnish Ugric) languages. Finno-Ugric languages. constitute one of the two branches (along with the Samoyed) level. language family. According to the linguistic principle of F.U.N. are divided into groups: Baltic Finnish (Finns, Karelians, Estonians... Ural Historical Encyclopedia

Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia Ethnopsychological Dictionary

FINNO-UGRIAN PEOPLES OF RUSSIA- the peoples of our country (Mordovians, Udmurts, Mari, Komi, Khanty, Mansi, Sami, Karelians), living in the north of the European part, in the northern, central and southern parts of the Urals and descending from the Ananino archaeological culture(VII III... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary in psychology and pedagogy

Finno-Ugric Taxon: branch Area: Hungary, Norway, Russia, Finland, Sweden, Estonia, etc. Classification ... Wikipedia

Finno-Hungarian peoples (Finno-Ugrians) are a group of peoples speaking Finno-Hungarian languages, living in stripes in Western Siberia, Central and Eastern Europe. Contents 1 Representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples 2 History 3 Links ... Wikipedia

Finno-Ugric languages- Finno-Ugric languages ​​are a family of languages ​​that are part of a larger genetic group of languages ​​called the Uralic languages. Before the genetic relationship of the Samoyed languages ​​with the Finno-Ugric languages ​​was proven, the F.-u. I. was considered... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

Finno-Ugric (or Finno-Ugric) peoples- population speaking Finno-Ugric languages. A group of Finno-Ugric languages, one of two branches of the Uralic language family. Divided into language groups (ethnic groups corresponding to them): Baltic Finnish (Finnish, Izhorian, Karelian, Lyudikovsky, ... ... Physical Anthropology. Illustrated explanatory dictionary.

Books

• Leningrad region. Did you know? , . Leningrad region - region with rich history. Did you know that its territory has long been inhabited by the Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples, who together created Northern Rus'? The great…
• Monuments of the Fatherland. Almanac, No. 33 (1-2/1995). Complete description of Russia. Udmurtia, . Different peoples have lived on our land as good neighbors for centuries. The ancient Finno-Ugric tribes left traces of their high culture and art here. Their descendants, the Udmurts, preserved the marching...

Finno-Ugrians, their place in the history of the Russian nation and the Russian state is an academic question. However, in the last twenty years, at the level of the yellow press, the question of Finns and Ugrians began to discuss the delitants. I do not consider myself an expert in anthropology, but I am able to identify the main problematic junctions that do not allow Ukrainians and Russians to find common language and stick to the thread of the discussion.

The main problems in the issue of the history of the Finno-Ugric peoples, standing on the way to mutual understanding, are the following

Low level of education in the Internet era. Unfortunately, the majority of people do not strive for knowledge of academic ( scientific) parts of the question Slavs (including their appearance, jewelry, myths, tales, religion and culture) in the history of Russia. Unfortunately, reading academic literature is difficult because of the way the material is presented. And so it is! Read the yellow press on the topic " Slavs"(or similar) with loud anti-Ukrainian phrases and extreme statements is very simple and, most importantly, remembered easily and quickly! Unfortunately! Moreover, having access to the Internet does not help solve the issue, but on the contrary, it complicates it. Exciting prospects for "shut up “the opponent’s mouth on the forum and mixing everything into one pile outweighs common sense and - one’s own mythology and zombification about the Finno-Ugric people began...

Reluctance of the authorities to meet people halfway. The Russian authorities have this position Russian citizens extremely profitable: no expenses on the part of Russia for the publication and promotion of academic literature; publish yellow press not at the expense of the state, naturally, and it spreads like lightning. Lots of literature on the topic Finno-Ugrians(and not only) was published back in the last century and the century before last, and today new-fangled smart people haven’t come up with anything new on this issue, but rebroadcast those old sources, without even bothering to review them for refutations. In addition, it is much easier to control stupid and embittered people - point your finger and say: “Fass!”

In the end it floats out next problem: looking for himself and can't find him(or afraid). However, Karamzin had already “found” Russia at one time. Since then that Karamzin’s story influenced to some extent another Russian historian, Klyuchevsky. This is how it has happened since then - the main beneficial provisions of history flow Russian state Karamzin from one textbook to another, forgetting about the population and equating it with the state, which is extremely wrong! In fact, Karamzin’s story became the first custom-made political version of Russian history, after which history moved from the plane of science to the plane of politics. It is possible that in Russia no one had studied history as a science before Karamzin. Otherwise, Karamzin would not have had to write it to the Tsar’s order.

What can help in resolving the issue of the Finno-Ugric peoples?

Separate the issues of language and DNA. It turns out that according to DNA (roots, clan), the population of Russia really consisted mostly of Finno-Ugric peoples ( read below). However, who said that the Finno-Ugrians cannot master Slavic language and, being essentially Finno-Ugric, speak Russian and beat your chest with your fist?

Having read all sorts of things about the Ukrainians from the time of Tsar Gorokh, the Russians, for some reason, accuse the Ukrainians of dislike for the Finno-Ugric people. We (Ukrainians) do not show dislike towards the Finno-Ugrians. We oppose the fact that the Russians themselves show dislike for the Finno-Ugrians, trying to disown kinship with them. As a result, the Russians are trying renounce a large part of yourself, and fill in this part, which is not relevant. I'm not saying that the Russians don't have nothing to do with, but the Russians pose the question this way that we (Ukrainians) remain out of work. As a result, the Russians themselves, with their behavior and lack of education, cause negativity on the part of Ukrainians, calling them names. Guys, Ukrainians by definition cannot! The question is, why do Russians disown their part of the Finno-Ugric heritage???

Lack of information gives rise to rumors and fabrications. In question with Finno-Ugric heritage on Russian territory the situation is similar. actively opposes filling in the blank spots in their Finno-Ugric history and this “forces” the Ukrainians (giving every reason and reason) to fill in these blank spots for the Russians, while stating, of course, your vision of the issue. But for all this responsibility The Russians themselves bear it - don’t be silent! Actively analyze yourself (and don’t invent) and thereby you will deprive your opponents of arguments. Who's stopping?

Additional information on the Finno-Ugric topic...

According to a successful comparison by academician Orest Borisovich Tkachenko, world famous Meryanist (a discipline in Finno-Ugric studies that deals with the study of the Meri people): " The Russian people, connected on the maternal side to the Slavic ancestral home, had a Finn as their father. On the paternal side, Russians go back to the Finno-Ugric peoples". This explanation makes clear many cultural facts in the life and development of the Russian nation. In the end, both Muscovite Rus' and Novgorod developed precisely on the lands inhabited by the Finno-Ugric tribes Chud, Meri and Meshchera, as well as on the Mordovian, Vepsian, Vodian-Izhora , Karelian and Permian territories.

The Slavs did not assimilate the Finnish tribes A. This Finno-Ugrians adapted to new language and accepted part of the Byzantine spiritual culture. Therefore, Russians have a choice. Realize your roots in this land, discern in your ancestors not only and not so much Slavs, feel that culture Russian people based on Finno-Ugric basis.

Who are the Finno-Ugrians (literature on the topic)

Finno-Ugrians- an ethno-linguistic community of peoples numbering more than 20 million people. All Finno-Ugric peoples are indigenous to their territories. Ancestors of the Finno-Ugric peoples lived in Eastern Europe and the Urals since Neolithic times (new Stone Age). From the Baltic Sea to Western Siberia, from the forest-steppes of the Russian Plain to the coast of the Arctic Ocean - primordial Finno-Ugric lands and the Samoyed peoples close to them.

Linguistically Finno-Ugrians are divided into several subgroups. The Permo-Finnish subgroup consists of the Komi, Udmurts and Besermyans. Volga-Finnish group: Mordovians (Erzyans and Mokshans) and Mari. The Baltic Finns include: Finns, Ingrian Finns, Estonians, Setos, Kvens in Norway, the mysterious Vod, Izhorians, Karelians, Vepsians and descendants of the Meri. To a separate Ugric group belong to the Khanty, Mansi and Hungarians. The descendants of the medieval Meshchera and Murom most likely belong to the Volga Finns.

Anthropologically Finno-Ugric peoples heterogeneous. Some scientists highlight a special Ural race, transitional between Caucasians and Mongoloids. All peoples of the Finno-Ugric group have both Caucasoid and Mongoloid characteristics. The Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi), part of the Mari, and the Mordovians have more pronounced Mongoloid features. For the rest, these traits are either equally distributed, or the Caucasoid component dominates. But this does not testify in favor of the Indo-European origin of the Finno-Ugrians; Indo-European anthropological features should be distinguished from the linguistic Indo-European community.

Finno-Ugrians all over the world are united by a common material and spiritual culture. All true Finno-Ugric people live in harmony with nature, with the world around them and with neighboring peoples. Only the Finno-Ugric peoples, even at the beginning of the third millennium, preserved in Europe the most complete traditional culture, including, paradoxically, Russian. However, this paradox can be explained. Unlike many peoples, Finno-Ugric people try to preserve as many customs and traditions as possible in their culture, including (perhaps in Russia this explains quite large number preserved ancient traditions and elements from the times of Rus').

The Karelian-Finnish epic "Kalevala" was preserved for history by the White Sea Karelians, and not by the urbanized Finns; almost all Russians ancient tales, epics and legends ( epic folklore- the oldest of all forms of oral folk culture) were recorded by ethnographers at the end of the 19th century in the areas inhabited by Karelians, Vepsians and descendants of Finno-Ugric peoples in the Arkhangelsk province. Most of the ancient Russian monuments wooden architecture we inherited from the Finno-Ugric lands. Several years ago, the epic of the Erzyan people “Mastorava” was recorded and restored, which in itself is unique.

The spiritual life of the Finno-Ugric people is impossible without folk beliefs. Even peoples who were baptized long ago retained a huge layer of culture associated with pre-Christian beliefs. And some, like the Mari, still adhere, basically, traditional faith. These beliefs should not be confused with paganism. The Mari, Erzyans, part of the Udmurts, and the Ob Ugrians have national religions.

Finno-Ugric question– this is without a doubt a Russian question. The question of ethnic identification of the Great Russian ethnos. In all the territories of the Russian Plain, where Russians now live, Finno-Ugric peoples used to live. Big problem what was the nature of Slavic colonization. After all, Russians preserve the same material and spiritual traditional culture precisely with the Finno-Ugric peoples, and not with the southern Slavs or Turks. Psychological characteristics population, its national character, especially in the north, northwest and northeast of the European part of Russia (the most indigenous part of Russia), Russians and Finno-Ugric peoples also have common ones.

I hope that the information presented above on the topic of Finno-Ugric peoples and Russia will help to find problem areas in the history of Russia and understand in which direction the history of Russia itself should be built, putting politics aside.

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• Turning points in the formation of the Ukrainian nation: traditions, Ivan Franko
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• Inheritance Birulevo - guest worker in Russia - support of Russia
• In Sochi, workers are not paid wages for three months - evidence from Roman Kuznetsov
• Unrest in Biryulyovo - redistribution of the land market and political raiding against the vegetable supply

). This time we will talk about the Finno-Ugric peoples, i.e. peoples speaking Finno-Ugric languages. This branch of languages ​​is part of the Uralic language family, another branch of which is the Samoyed languages ​​(currently spoken by the Nenets, Enets, Nganasans and Selkups).
Finno-Ugric languages ​​are divided into 2 groups: Finno-Permian and Ugric. The Finno-Permian group includes the following peoples: Finns (sometimes Ingrian Finns are considered an independent ethnic group), Estonians, Karelians, Vepsians, Izhorians, Livs, Vods, Sami, Mordovians (this people are actually two different people: Erzyans and Mokshans), Mari, Udmurts, Komi-Zyryans, Komi-Permyaks. The Ugric group includes the Hungarians, Khanty and Mansi.
Currently there are 3 independent Finno-Ugric states: Hungary, Finland and Estonia. There are several Finno-Ugric national autonomies in Russia, but in all of them the Finno-Ugric nations are inferior in number to the Russians.
The total number of Finno-Ugric peoples is 25 million people, of which more than half are Hungarians (14.5 million). The second largest population is occupied by Finns (6.5 million), third by Estonians (1 million). The most numerous Finno-Ugric people in Russia are the Mordovians (744 thousand).
The ancestral home of the Finno-Ugric peoples is Western Siberia, from where the ancestors of modern Finno-Ugric peoples settled throughout Eastern Europe and the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Finno-Ugrians influenced the ethnogenesis of the Russian people, this influence was especially great on the northern Russians (the territory of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions). Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky wrote: “Our Great Russian physiognomy does not accurately reproduce the common Slavic features. Other Slavs, recognizing these features in it, however, also notice some foreign admixture: namely, the cheekbones of the Great Russian, the predominance of dark complexion and hair, and especially the typical Great Russian nose, resting on a wide base, with high probability they are betting on Finnish influence".

The most beautiful Finnish- model Emilia Järvelä. She is known as the face of the Finnish cosmetics company Lumene. Height 180 cm, body measurements 86-60-87.

The most beautiful Ingrian- Russian actress, Honored Artist Russian Federation Elena Kondulainen(born April 9, 1958, Toksovo village, Leningrad region).

The most beautiful Lapp - Berit-Anne Juuso. In 2012, she won the Hymytyttö (Girl's Smile) competition, held annually by the Finnish Internet portal hymy.fi. Born and lives in the Finnish province of Lapland. Her father is Sami, her mother is Finnish.

The most beautiful Hungarian - Catherine Schell / Catherine Schell(born July 17, 1944, Budapest) is a British actress of Hungarian origin. Real name -Katherina Freiin Schell von Bauschlott. Despite German surname(inherited to her from her German great-grandfather), Catherine Schell is almost entirely Hungarian by blood, her parents belonged to the Hungarian nobility: her father bore the title of baron, and her mother a countess.

Most famous films with her participation: the 6th Bond film “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service” (1969, role of Nancy), “Moon 02” (1969, role of Clementine), “Return of the Pink Panther” (1975, role of Lady Claudine Lytton). In the UK, the actress is best known for her role as Maya in the 1970s sci-fi series Space: 1999.

Catherine Schell in the film "Moon 02" (1969):

The most beautiful Estonian- singer (born September 24, 1988, Kohila, Estonia). Represented Estonia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013.

The most beautiful mokshaka -Svetlana Khorkina(born January 19, 1979, Belgorod) - Russian gymnast, two-time Olympic champion in parallel bars (1996, 2000), three-time absolute world champion and three-time absolute European champion. In an interview he calls himself a Mordovian: “My parents are Mordovians, and since their blood flows in me, I consider myself a purebred Mordovian.”

The most beautiful Erzyanka -Olga Kaniskina(born January 19, 1985, Saransk) - track and field athlete, Olympic champion in 2008, the first three-time world champion in the history of race walking (2007, 2009 and 2011), European champion in 2010, two-time Russian champion.

The most beautiful Komi-Permyachka - Tatyana Totmyanina(born November 2, 1981, Perm) - figure skater, Olympic champion of Turin paired with Maxim Marinin. The same couple won the World Championship twice and the European Championship 5 times.

The most beautiful Udmurtka- singer Svetlana (Sveti) Ruchkina(born September 25, 1988). She is the vocalist of the Udmurt-language rock band Silent Woo Goore.

The most beautiful Karelian - Maria Kalinina. Winner of the contest "Miss Student Finno-Ugria 2015".