Slide 2
Purpose of the lesson
Get acquainted with the theatrical art of the peoples of the world. Find out what types of theater have in common among different peoples. Consolidate acquired knowledge by completing a creative task.
Slide 3
Noo Theater
Noo, or noogaku, is a strict theatrical classic of Japan. This is the first developed form traditional theater linen art of Japan. In addition to the aristocratic art of Bugaku, in the middle of the 8th century, the folk theatrical art of Sangaku was also brought to Japan from the mainland: comic mimance, comic skits and stories, folk songs and dancing, acrobatics, magic tricks, juggling, puppeteers, etc. From the sangaku, towards the end of the 11th century, the art of sarugaku developed, the participants of which came from the lower strata of society. They demonstrated their art during religious holidays, when crowds of believers flocked to churches. The art of sarugaku quickly became popular, and at the end of the 12th century many professional sarugaku troupes appeared, patronized by large temples and monasteries, the richest of which had their own sarugaku acting troupes, called "za". The resulting opportunity for unification was able to enrich the art of sarugaku with borrowings from court and rural songs and dances. Arose special shape theatrical arts sa-rugaku no noo, which became the prototype for the future noo drama, and the comic elements of sarugaku developed into kyogen - folk comedy dramatic genre. At the same time, theatrical art based on songs and dances developed rural areas, - dengaku, dengaku no noo, which by the end of the 14th century merged with sarugaku no noo. On their basis, two outstanding Japanese theater figures Kan'ami and Zeami created the noo theater.
Slide 4
The performances were of a ceremonial nature and were held on special occasions: the coming to power, the marriage of feudal lords, appointments to high positions, the birth of sons of high-ranking officials, their coming of age. Only noble people were invited to the performance. The performance lasted for several days; only up to 5 thousand people could attend. It was difficult to get invitations, so there was a struggle among influential people. Those invited received gifts and treats at the performances.
Slide 5
The performances took place on a wooden stage, above which a roof rose on wooden poles. The stage was open on 3 sides; on the back wall, a pine tree was depicted on a golden background - a symbol of longevity and a benevolent greeting to the audience. At the beginning, the audience sat on mats on the floor, now they put chairs. The orchestra is located behind the back wall, and KOKEN sits with them - a person who helps the actors adjust their mask, wig or dress. The actors are dressed in traditional japanese clothes end of the 15th century. There are wigs on the heads and masks on the faces.
Slide 6
The masks were made of wood and coated with a special varnish. Masks were divided into men's and women's. Male - old people, youths, boys, nobles, commoners, good, evil, blind, masks of gods and ghosts. Women's - girls, middle-aged women, old women, crazy, jealous, beautiful, ugly, ghosts. The orchestra played flute (fue), drums (kotsuzumi, otsuzumi, taiko)
Slide 7
Slide 8
Kabuki Theater
Traditional theater in Japan. It is a synthesis of singing, music, dance and drama, the performers use complex makeup and costumes with a large symbolic load. All roles are played by women. Initially, kabuki was largely crude and obscene performances; many actresses led an immoral lifestyle. Because of this, kabuki was sometimes called "theater of singing and dancing courtesans" for its name. Later, the place of women was taken by boys, who were no less accessible. Since 1653, only men were allowed to act in the theater. Actors performing female roles called onnagata or oyama
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 2
Slide 3
Already in 1816, Stendhal called La Scala in Milan “the first theater in the world.” Excellent technical equipment, luxurious productions, best performers from all over the world, which inspired the great Frenchman to write colorful essays about visiting the performance - this secret is revealed quite simply. The fact is that for two and a half centuries Milan (with a short break during the Napoleonic campaigns) was under Austrian rule. And this one Italian city Due to its territorial proximity to Vienna, political and economic importance, it was chosen by Empress Maria Theresa as the opera capital of Europe.
La Scala Opera House (Milan, Italy)
Slide 4
This is how opera arose in Milan - not, by the way, a musical city (rather a commercial one - after all, the capital of Lombardy). But the fact that the Austrian emperors were never stingy with regard to their “dynastic passion” for music created a real miracle. Well, not all theaters in Milan, and throughout Italy, can boast such rich history, inextricably linked not only with the history of art, but also with the history of Europe as a whole. La Scala Opera in Milan became the premiere theater for G. Rossini, V. Bellini, G. Donizetti. In 1841, the opera “Nabucco” by G. Verdi was first staged at La Scala, which became a kind of response to revolutionary events, after which the composer received the unofficial title “Maestro of the Italian Revolution.” And in 1926, the premiere of “Turandot” by G. Puccini was interrupted in the words of Toscanini: “Here the master’s heart stopped” - the purest expression of both devotion to art and friendship of two great masters.
Teatro La Scala was built in 1778. architect Giuseppe Piermarini
Slide 5
Grand Opera (Paris, France)
Slide 6
It is impossible to pass by this building without admiring the architecture and becoming interested in the history. Built in neo-Baroque style and designed by Charles Garnier, it has graced the Placedel’Opera in Paris with its grandeur since 1875. He is known to all connoisseurs of theatrical art around the world. Yes, we are talking about the famous Grand Opera in Paris, which since 1989 has been called the Palais Garnier. It won’t be difficult for tourists to get there. This can be done by metro, taking the metro to the Opera station, or by taxi. Just a kilometer south of the square is the famous Louvre Palace, and to the southwest is the Place de la Concorde.
Grand Opera (Paris, France)
Slide 7
Garnier described his creation as a building built in the style of Napoleon III. The woman could not resist such a “weighty” argument. The foundation laying began in 1860. But the swampiness of the area and the presence large quantity groundwater was delayed by eight months, during which drainage took place. But still, the foundation was laid and reinforced with a layer of bitumen, protecting the basement from moisture penetration. This foundation still holds the thick walls and heavy floors of the building to this day, without shrinking and maintaining its integrity. The genius of the architect was that he used the existing reservoir, which is located under the Grand Opera, to strengthen the foundation. The water clogged small cracks with sand and silt, preventing the subsequent penetration of moisture into them. And in the event of a fire, this tank could be used as a source of water for extinguishing.
Slide 8
The history of this building is inextricably linked with the name of Napoleon III. It was his superstition that served as the reason for the start of construction of the Paris Opera. This happened in 1858, when the emperor was not far from the LePeletier Theater, where an unsuccessful attempt was made on his life, as a result of which several people from his entourage died. After this, this theater earned notoriety in the eyes of Napoleon, and he ordered the construction of a new one opera house, as it was known as a subtle sign of this type of art. The perfect of Paris, Georges-Eugene Haussmann, who was a favorite of the emperor and wanting to please him, enthusiastically seized on this idea. He announced a competition for best project Opera building, in which more than one hundred and fifty architects took part. Having carefully studied each of them, Haussmann chose a sketch by the then practically unknown Charles Garnier, who amazed him with its scope and luxury. Moreover, the architect showed not only his professional talent, but also the talent of a wise politician, enlisting the support of the emperor’s wife.
Slide 9
Even the unstable political situation could not interfere with the construction of this grandiose structure. She, of course, increased the time for its construction, but in 1875 the Parisians saw the wonderful creation of the great master, which by that time had served as a prison and a place of executions during the fall of the Paris Commune. For the construction of the building, stones were brought from all over Europe and colonial countries of Africa. This can be seen in the variety of their shades, which have retained the colors to this day. According to Garnier’s idea, the building should have been decorated with numerous statues. For this, the following were brought in: famous sculptors, like Gyumeri, who created the winged goddesses of harmony and poetry; Lexan, who became the author of the pegasi on the sides of the pediment; Millet, who carved Apollo holding a lyre in his raised hand. Between the columns there are now busts of great composers made of bronze. These include Beethoven, Bach, Rossini, Mozart, Meyerbeer and others.
Slide 10
The inside of the theater is also beautiful and majestic. Occupying an area of eleven square meters, it can accommodate 2,200 people in its halls, and 450 artists on stage. The building is decorated with multiple columns and sculptures of the gods of Ancient Greece, nymphs and plump Cupids. The walls and ceilings are decorated with intricate marble friezes. Also, when creating the interior, gold leaf, velvet, and stucco molding in the Baroque style were used. Special attention deserves a huge chandelier, weighing more than six tons. Around it, the ceiling was previously decorated with ancient frescoes, which began to crumble over time. Since 1964, the ceiling has been decorated with paintings by Marc Chagall. There are also paintings on the walls famous artists, mirrors in gilded frames, bas-reliefs of composers.
The internal architecture of the building is represented by a huge grand staircase, a luxurious auditorium and a foyer with a fountain. It also has its own library and two ballet schools. When there are no performances in the theater, numerous excursions are held there.
Slide 11
Sydney Opera House
Slide 12
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most recognizable buildings of the 20th century. This outstanding multifunctional structure can be considered business card city: this is what tourists most often photograph. The Sydney Opera House is one of the most grandiose architectural wonders of the last century: it is not just a building, but also a work of art. However, immediately after construction was completed, the theater had no fewer critics than admirers. The London Times described the theater as “the building of the century,” but one could also find such characteristics as, say, “French nuns playing football.” Sydney residents themselves lovingly call their wonder of the world “nuns fighting for a ball (rugby)” or “oyster shells”.
Slide 13
223 architects competed for the right to design the Sydney Opera House. In January 1957, the design of the Danish architect Jorn Utzon was announced as the winner of the competition, and two years later the first stone was laid on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. According to preliminary calculations, the construction of the theater should have taken 3-4 years and cost $7 million. Unfortunately, soon after the work began, many difficulties arose, which forced the government to deviate from Utzon’s original plans. And in 1966, Utzon left Sydney after a particularly big quarrel with the city authorities. A team of young Australian architects took responsibility for completing the construction. The New South Wales government played a lottery to raise money to continue the work. And on October 20, 1973, the new Sydney Opera House was inaugurated. Instead of the planned 4 years, the theater was built in 14, and it cost 102 million dollars.
Slide 14
Vienna State Opera
Slide 15
Vienna State Opera - the largest opera house in Austria, center musical culture. The Vienna Opera is famous not only in Austria and Europe. At each performance in the auditorium you can meet tourists from all over the world from Japan to the USA and Canada. Avid theatergoers in Russia also dream of attending a performance at the Vienna Opera. It must be said that the air of Vienna is saturated with music famous composers who lived and worked in this city. Mozart and Beethoven, Schubert and Haydn, Brahms and Gluck, as well as the magnificent Johann Strauss and his three sons Johann, Joseph and Eduard wrote their music here. Of course, such a city could not do without its Opera. And the opera house was built in 1869 according to the design of the architect August Siccard von Siccardsburg. The interior decoration and interiors were designed by Eduard vanderNull.
The opening of the Vienna State Opera (WienerStaatsoper) took place on May 25 with a production of Mozart's Don Giovanni. And although the theater building was recognized as one of the best in the world in terms of acoustics and decoration, Emperor Franz Joseph did not like it very much. His unflattering review drove Eduard van der Null to suicide and the architect August Siccard von Siccardsburg to a heart attack.
Slide 16
But the building Vienna Opera truly wonderful. Its façade was decorated with sculptures by the amazingly talented Ernst Höhnel. These are pictures from Mozart’s “The Magic Flute”, and the five muses: Grace, Love, Heroics, Comedy and Fantasy, which have been around since ancient Greece represent five directions in art. Unfortunately, the WienerStaatsoper building was completely destroyed by bombing during World War II. But the residents of Vienna restored their Opera according to the surviving drawings. Already in May 1955, Staatsoper opened new season Beethoven's magnificent opera Fidelio. Countless works by various composers have been staged at the Vienna Opera over the decades of its existence. Many premieres of new operas, which became masterpieces, were presented to the public in this building. Modern WienerStaatsoper most of his repertoire is performed by a full-time orchestra and singers. But opera stars of the first magnitude also tour here often.
Herbert von Karajan, as director of the Vienna Opera, embodied the idea of holding outdoor concerts from May to October. Since then, about 120 performances a year have been staged on the square in front of the Opera, completely free of charge.
Theater Les Celestins - main center art of the city of Lyon in France. This is an opera house that is suitable for grand performances and can accommodate over 1000 people. The horseshoe-shaped hall is divided into several levels, so even spectators sitting far from the stage can see and hear everything clearly. The interior is designed in a royal style using red and gold tones. The outside of the building is more austere and decorated with statues. For more than two centuries, Les Celestins have been performing best plays, operas, dramatic performances and concerts.
Slide 21
The Metropolitan Opera House
Slide 22
Another famous world stage is the Metropolitan Opera musical theater on Broadway in New York. This best theater USA. Celebrities such as Enrico Caruso and Placido Do played leading roles here. Every year the Met gives more than two hundred performances. From time to time they are broadcast on television and radio. mingo.
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THEATERS OF THE WORLD Art teacher: Zolina Rimma Evgenievna NChDOU " Kindergarten No. 97 JSC Russian Railways
The first theatergoers were the ancient Greeks. Performance days were a real holiday for them. Seats for spectators ancient Greek theater located in a semicircle on the slopes of the hills - these places are called an amphitheater. In the center of the amphitheater there was a round platform on which the choir, actors and orchestra performed. The Romans built theaters that could seat up to 40,000 spectators.
Ancient Greek theater masks
Odessa Opera House The most beautiful theater buildings Turkmen Opera House
Vienna Opera Opera House in Batumi
Sydney Opera House Bolshoi Theater in Moscow
Multimedia opera South Korea. All the action, with drama, amazing vocals and memorable scenery, the audience will watch not only on stage - live broadcasts and recordings of performances can be seen outside, on the walls of the theater.
Vietnamese puppet theater on the water. The history of Vietnamese theater goes back more than 1000 years. It is believed that it was invented by peasants whose rice fields suffered from flooding from time to time. To this day, there is no stage in the Vietnamese theater - all performances take place right in the water! For this purpose, both artificial and natural reservoirs are used, on which decorations are built.
Chinese shadow theater. Behind a large translucent screen, the action of the performances is performed by puppets - flat multi-colored figures controlled by puppeteers using thin sticks. In fact, these are not shadows at all - the viewer sees real flat puppets leaning against back side screen.
Kathakali is an Indian folk theater that incorporates pantomime, dance, vocal and instrumental accompaniment, as well as elements of circus acrobatics. The most amazing thing is that all the roles are played by men; their performance is conveyed through facial expressions and hand positions. Their faces are covered with a thick layer of makeup, which is complemented by incredible costumes. The actors convey the text with gestures and facial expressions, and the narration is carried out with vocal accompaniment and music. Theater arose in ancient times, but this style of acting was finally formed only in the 17th century.
Indian puppet theater
Japanese puppet theater Bunraku
Kabuki (Japanese 歌舞伎, lit. “song, dance, skill”, “skillful singing and dancing”) is one of the types of traditional theater in Japan. It is a synthesis of singing, music, dance and drama. Kabuki performers use complex makeup and costumes with a large symbolic load.
Traditions Japanese theater“But” has been carefully preserved for today. Everything that happens on stage corresponds to a number of canons. Firstly, all the roles here are played only by men, their faces are hidden by masks, each of which is a real work of art. The main characters of the plays here are divided into people and spirits; most often the actors are practically motionless.
Children's Musical Theater named after. N. Sats
Ulger Puppet Theater
The theaters of the World are so different from each other, but they are all united by the stage, the actors and the love of the audience. Theater is a limitless source of new impressions and discoveries. Don’t lose the opportunity to take advantage of it, try to break away from your monitors more often and indulge in the beauty in reality, not only in your native places, but also on distant travels!
Resources used 1. http://www.restbee.ru/ 2. Shkolazhizni.ru 3. http://ru.wikipedia.org/ 4. Pedsovet.su Ekaterina Goryaynova
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1.Know the history of the opera house, the place where the first opera house appeared, the structure of the theater and the composition of the troupes.
2.Develop skills of comparison, highlighting the main thing, generalization.
3. Cultivate a love of classical music.
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“Presentation for the lesson “Famous Theaters of the World” for 4th grade”
- Opera House- a musical theater building, which primarily hosts performances of operas, operettas and ballets.
- The first opera houses appeared in the middle 17th century first in Venice, and then in other cities of Italy and were intended for the entertainment of the aristocracy.
- In the classic tiered theater, the location of the audience in the boxes was as important as what was happening on stage. The auditorium and stage were brightly lit. The performers sang on proscenium, while the back of the stage served as changing scenery.
- IN modern theaters the whole scene from ramps to the back of the stage, auditorium darkened and has a semicircular shape. Over time, theaters became larger, so the building Metropolitan Opera V New York accommodates 4,000 seats.
- Over time, the orchestra began to take up more and more space, and as a result, an orchestra pit appeared.
- During the construction of the Bayreuth Theater Richard Wagner arranged a special orchestra pit for the performance of his works.
- It goes deep under the stage in tiers and is closed from above, so it is impossible to accurately determine the source of sounds, which creates an additional stage effect.
- IN XVIII century The bourgeoisie also became spectators of opera houses. Opera houses transformed from palace theaters into state operas.
- The concept of “opera house” includes not only the theater building, but also the institution. This can be understood as a constant troupe theater ( soloists theater, choir, ballet troupe, orchestra , extras), and artistic directors(director, conductors, directors, playwrights, assistant directors), administration, box office, wardrobe and theater workshops.
- Large opera houses can employ up to 1,000 permanent staff. In some countries, such as the UK, France and the USA, there are no permanent theater companies.
- Productions are developed jointly by several theaters and then staged one by one.
- This is only the first acquaintance with opera houses in general.
Famous theaters
- Italian "La Scala"
- American Metropolitan Opera
- Russian "Big"
- Austrian "Viennese"
- Australian "Sydney"
Italian "La Scala"
operatic theater V Milan, based in 1778 year.
American Metropolitan Opera
This American opera company was founded in 1880 as an alternative to the Academy of Music. The Metropolitan Opera is one of the most famous and prestigious opera houses in the world.
Russian Bolshoi Theater
The Bolshoi Theater is one of the largest Russian and world opera and ballet theaters. The complex of buildings is located in the center of Moscow on Teatralnaya Square.
- At first it was a state-owned theater, which, together with Maly, formed a single Moscow troupe of imperial theaters.
- Periodically, his status changed: he was subordinate to the Moscow governor-general, then to the St. Petersburg directorate.
- This continued until the revolution of 1917 - after nationalization there was a complete separation of the Maly and Bolshoi theaters.
- Sydney Opera House musical theater in Sydney, one of the most famous and easily recognizable buildings in the world, which is a symbol of the largest city Australia and one of the main attractions continent - sail-shaped shell that form the roof do this building unlike any other in the world.
Compiling a syncwine on the topic of theater
- Sinkwine(from fr. cinquains, English cinquain) - This creative work, which has short form a poem consisting of five unrhymed lines.
- Sinkwine- this is not a simple poem, but a poem written according to the following rules:
- Line 1 – one noun expressing main topic cinquain.
- Line 2 – two adjectives expressing the main idea.
- Line 3 – three verbs describing actions within the topic.
- Line 4 is a phrase that carries a certain meaning.
- Line 5 – conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).
- Making cinquain is very simple and interesting. And besides, working on its creation develops imaginative thinking.
- An example of a syncwine on a forum topic:
- Forum (noun expressing the main topic)
- Noisy, interesting (two adjectives expressing the main idea)
- Entertains, develops, amuses (three verbs describing actions within the topic)
- A good place to meet (a phrase that carries a certain meaning)
- Communication (conclusion in noun form)
- Warm-up
- Just Dance 2017 -Scream & Shout.
- Learning songs:
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- "Tugan Zher"
The best theaters in the worldTHE BEST THEATERS IN THE WORLD
Famous theaters peace
are located in cities such as
London, Paris, Vienna, Moscow, New York, Sydney, Milan and some
others. A considerable number of theatergoers
dream of getting into at least one of
world-class theaters
London
LONDONLondon is rich in famous, colorful
theaters. The most famous among them
considered Covent Garden. Since 1946
year it is the place where
conduct opera and ballet performances
performances. This theater is home
Royal Ballet stage and
Royal Opera. Location
Theater Royal - Covent Garden area, thanks to which the theater and
got its name.
London
erected on this site. In 1720there stood the building of the second London
drama theatre. In 1808
there was a fire, almost nothing happened
left from the Theater Royal. Through
year a new building appeared there, and a theater
continued working. The first production in
the newly built walls were staging
Shakespeare's Macbeth.
In 1856 there was a fire again, and again
the theater was completely destroyed.
It took two to restore it.
year. It opened with a production of "The Huguenots"
Meyerbeer.
LONDON
In 1990, a decision was made
carry out a complete reconstruction of the building
Royal London Theatre. Now it's
the hall will intervene two thousand two hundred and sixty
eight visitors. Any ballet dancer
actor, opera singer thinks for himself
great luck to receive an invitation and
perform on the stage of this famous theater.
Entering the Covent Garden stage is
confirmation high achievements And
professionalism. The peculiarity of the theater is also
is that all productions are presented in it
in the language in which they were written
by the author. Covent Garden actors' fees
are considered perhaps the highest in the world. France
Paris
PARISThe most famous theater in Paris is
the legendary Grand Opera House. His
the story began back in 1669, when
this opera house was founded with the consent of
Louis XIV. Its founders are a poet
Perrin and composer Camber. On
for hundreds of years the theater has not changed
only the name, but also the location,
until he ended up in the 9th arrondissement of Paris in
building that was built in 1875
by the architect Charles Garnier. Facade
the theater is luxurious, it is decorated with four
sculptures, each of which is
personification of Drama, Music, Poetry and
Dance, as well as seven arches. The top of the building is
majestic shining dome.
The Grand Opera stage has seen a lot over the years
the existence of German opera,
Italian and French composers.
Premiere of I. Stravinsky's opera "The Moor"
took place there. Today's it
name is Palais Garnier, and it is
the most visited theater in the world. Austria
Sydney
SYDNEYThe most famous and perhaps the most
the best opera house for sure
can be called the Vienna Opera.
No wonder the homeland of many
world-class composers
is Austria. The opera building was
built in 1869. Opening
took place with the opera “Don Giovanni”
Mozart. Since the theater building
built in the neo-Renaissance style, it
has been repeatedly subjected
merciless criticism. However, they passed
years, and architectural embodiment
theater finally received recognition.
Until today, the Vienna building
opera is considered one of the most
beautiful in the world.
Sydney
SYDNEYIn the Second world war there was a theater
partially destroyed, but already in 1955 its ceremonial ceremony took place
opening, which was
the opera “Fidelio” is presented
Beethoven. By the number of performances with
The Vienna Opera is unable to
None of the theaters in the world can compare. There
is placed annually about sixty
oper. Opera lovers
have the opportunity to enjoy
for two hundred and eighty five
days a year. Every year in Vienna
the opera hosts the “Opera Ball”, where
arrives huge amount, How
spectators and participants alike. Italy
Milan
MILANItaly of the Renaissance
gave rise to modern opera
art. In Milan on the territory
which was previously a place of settlement
Church of Santa Maria della Scala, was
a theater called La Scala was built.
Today he bears the title of the most
famous theater in the world. First
opera, which was staged on
his stage, became “Recognized
Europe", known to us from
works of composer Pushkin
Antonio Salieri.
Milan
MILANThe first thing they show to those arriving in
Milan for tourists is La Scala theatre.
Names like Gavazzeni
Gianandrea, Arturo Toscanini and
Riccardo Muti were heard for the first time
just within the walls of La Scala. On his stage
famous operas were staged
of all times. Theater is associated with
luxury and wealth. None
the viewer does not remain indifferent.
The dream of any opera lover is to go
to the famous opera house to
enjoy the music and feel
atmosphere of great art.
Milan
MILANThe last time the theater held
reconstruction in the early 2000s.
The opening took place in 2004, and
was already on the updated stage again
Salieri's opera "Updated"
Europe".
The end
THE END Sources of information:http://
www.uznayvse.ru/interesting-facts/samyie-izvestnyie
-teatryi-v-mire.html
www.your-flags.ru
Completed the work
WORK DONE2nd year student at KhNUI named after. I.P.Kotlyarevsky
Doroshenko Valentin
