Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Among many shameful acts that I have accomplished in my life, one is most memorable to me.In the orphanage, there was a loudspeaker hanging in the corridor, and one day a voice was heard from it, unlike anyone else, and for some reason - most likely just the dissimilarity - irritated me..." (ByV.P. Astafiev) .
Full text
(1) Among the many shameful acts that I have committed in life, one is most memorable to me. (2) In the orphanage, there was a loudspeaker hanging in the corridor, and one day a voice was heard from it, unlike anyone else, and for some reason - most likely just the dissimilarity - irritated me. (3) “Ha... Yells like a stallion!” - I said and pulled the speaker plug out of the socket. (4) The singer’s voice broke off. (5) The kids reacted sympathetically to my action, since in childhood I was the most singing and reading person. (6) ...Many years later in Essentuki, in a spacious summer hall, I listened symphony concert. (7) All the musicians of the Crimean orchestra, who had seen and experienced in their time, with the glorious, ant-like, young conductor Zinaida Tykach, patiently explained to the public what and why they would play, when, by whom and on what occasion this or that piece of music was written. (8) They did this, as it were, with an apology for their intrusion into the life of citizens so oversaturated with spiritual values, being treated and simply fattening at the resort, and the concert began with Strauss’s dashing overture in order to prepare listeners overtired by culture for the second, more serious part. (9) But the fabulous Strauss, the fiery Brahms, and the flirtatious Offenbach did not help - already from the middle of the first part of the concert, the listeners, who had crowded into the hall for the musical event only because it was free, began to leave the hall. (10) Yes, if they just left him like that, silently, cautiously - no, they left him with indignations, shouts, abuse, as if they had been deceived in their best lusts and dreams. (11) Chairs in concert hall old, Viennese, with round wooden seats, knocked together in order, and every citizen, rising from his seat, considered it his duty to slam the seat indignantly. (12) I sat, huddled in myself, listening to the musicians strain themselves to drown out the noise and swearing in the hall, and I wanted to ask forgiveness for all of us from the dear conductor in a black tailcoat, from the orchestra members, who work so hard and persistently to earn their honest , poor bread, apologize for all of us and tell us how I was in childhood... (13) But life is not a letter, there is no postscript in it. (14) What does it matter that the singer whom I once insulted with a word, her name is the great Nadezhda Obukhova, became my most favorite singer, that I “corrected” and cried more than once while listening to her. (15) She, the singer, will never hear my repentance, will not be able to forgive me. (16) But, already elderly and gray-haired, I shudder from every clap and rattle of a chair in the concert hall... when musicians with all their strength, capabilities and talent try to convey the suffering of an early-suffered myopic young man wearing defenseless round glasses. (17) He, in his dying symphony, the unfinished song of his aching heart, has been stretching out his hands into the hall for more than a century and pleadingly crying out: “(18) People, help me! (19) Help!.. (20) Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself!..”
Everyone has their own business in this life. It seems to me that the work of any person should be respected, be it the work of a carpenter, engineer, teacher or musician. Every diligent and dedicated person to his work is worthy of attention and respect. The problem of impoliteness, rudeness, and indifference towards human labor is raised in this text.
Reflecting on the problem, the author tells us a story about a Crimean orchestra that played for free for vacationers in Essentuki. Most of the listeners did not like the classical works, and people behaved rudely, noisily leaving their seats right during musical event: “...they left with indignation, shouting, and abuse, as if they had been deceived in the best desires and places.” The lyrical hero felt shame for the behavior of the vacationers, who do not respect the musicians who “... are trying with all their strength, capabilities and talent to convey the suffering of the composer.”
I completely agree with the author. To support my words, I would like to cite a parable that I once heard from my grandmother. The story told about a father who invited his son to throw money honestly earned by the head of the family into the fireplace. The son hesitated, but after his father’s insistence he burned the bills, then the father suggested throwing away the money the son himself had earned. The hero could not, citing the fact that he spent too much effort on earning them. This is how badly we sometimes treat other people’s hard work. The parable makes you think about respect for other people's work.
Undoubtedly, a person’s work evokes respect from others. The hero of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is a true worker. He believes that only back-breaking work can achieve a goal. Bazarov, by birth, is the son of a simple doctor, so he achieved a lot only through his own efforts and boundless thirst for knowledge. Despite controversial views on life and some reckless actions, it is impossible not to feel respect for our hero. So both the yard boys and the servants of the Kirsanov family, with whom Bazarov was visiting, were drawn to Evgeniy, although he did not think of seeking their favor. Indeed, one may not love this hero, but one cannot help but respect him, because work is not easy for anyone.
It seems to me that a person should be judged not only by his own work, but also by how he treats others. The ability to honor the work of others is what truly inspires respect.
(341 words, not including quotes)
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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We write an essay-reasoning in Unified State Exam format- 2017 Text by V. P. Astafiev (option 5 from the collection of I. P. Tsybulko - Unified State Examination - Russian Language - 2017) Work of the teacher of Russian language and literature Repina Ekaterina Kirillovna (Moscow)
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Plan for an argumentative essay Problem of the text. Commentary on the problem of the text. Position of the author of the text. My opinion (my position). Literary argument. Second argument. Conclusion to the essay.
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The problem of the text by V.P. Astafiev There are several problems in the text of the Soviet and Russian writer Viktor Petrovich Astafiev. One of them is the problem of uncultured and disrespectful attitude towards people. Is it acceptable to treat other people with disrespect? Why does a person allow himself to treat others rudely and uncivilly? The author is trying to attract readers' attention to this current problem, includes us in the dialogue so that everyone thinks about whether this is how he treats the people around him?
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Commentary on the problem of the text Viktor Petrovich Astafiev examines the issue of uncultured and disrespectful attitude towards people using the example of two incidents from the life of the narrator. The first incident that happened to an orphanage resident does not give an adult peace of mind; all his life he is tormented and gnawing by his conscience for having so thoughtlessly and irritably “pulled the plug of the loudspeaker out of the socket.” And the second case is the behavior of the listeners of the concert in Essentuki - unceremonious, rude and evil behavior. The author writes about this: “I wanted to ask forgiveness for all of us from the dear conductor... and from the orchestra members.” And this incident is also deeply embedded in the writer’s memory and worries him very much. And how can you not worry about all this? After all, this is a very pressing question. It concerns each of us! We all want to be treated only humanly, that is, culturally, respectfully and kindly.
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Commentary on the problem of the text That is why V.P. Astafiev is trying very hard to convince us that every person remembers that all people deserve a cultured, respectful and kind attitude towards themselves everywhere and always. Wherever a person is: at home, on the street, at work, in educational institution, in a theater or concert hall... After all, no one is allowed to insult human dignity. A person, showing cultural, respectful and good attitude to all people, helps himself first of all. And not only for himself, but for all those with whom he communicates. And this is of no small importance in our life...
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Position of the author of the text This text proves the idea that if a person shows disrespect for the people around him, he insults them. This attitude towards those with whom we communicate is simply unacceptable. From the text of V.P. Astafiev, one can clearly understand that a cultured person has self-respect. And this quality in a person will never allow him to treat others disrespectfully, unculturedly and rudely.
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My opinion (my position) My opinion completely coincides with the point of view of the writer Astafiev, since everything that the author wrote about is painfully familiar to me, as if the text tells about what I had to see and hear. I have repeatedly visited theaters in Moscow and other cities and the Moscow House of Music. I saw the situations that V.P. Astafiev wrote about. And I, too, felt shame to the point of heartache when, at the beginning of the performance, latecomers noisily entered the hall, and during the concerts, mobile phones were ringing, the noise of candy wrappers was heard, and some spectators left the hall without waiting for such a wonderful moment when everyone gives thanks artists and performers.
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First argument Quite recently I read several articles about the writer A.P. Chekhov, about the artist Kachalov, about the engineer Shukhov. What they all have in common is that they always and everywhere treated others with great respect. And most importantly, everyone who communicated with them was not only interested, but also very comfortable, since they had the talent of self-respect and a respectful, cultural attitude towards those with whom they communicated. Artist Art Theater Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov loved people very much, appreciated and respected them. He treated women in a special way, and in the presence of the artist they also felt it in a special way:
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The first argument was that every woman “felt attractive and worthy of care.” Such an incident happened to Kachalov. Late in the evening the artist saw two unfamiliar women. They seemed too strange to him. These were blind women who got lost. Kachalov quickly escorted them to the tram and helped them get into the car. What motivated this attitude towards blind women? Is it just following the rules? good manners? I think that the depth of this act lies not only in a cultural and respectful attitude towards unfamiliar women, but, above all, in the spiritual qualities of the artist - in his warm-hearted and kind
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The first argument is in relation to all the people around us. What conclusion suggests itself from this? Knowledge of the norms of cultural and respectful attitude towards people only helps to demonstrate the internal qualities of a person: kindness, humanity, decency, restraint...
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The first literary argument And in Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” we see a completely opposite picture, where the attitude towards everyone around us is far from in the best possible way. Why is this happening? All the inhabitants of the house have absolutely no self-respect. Where can he come from if the house is run by an ignorant mother and wife? From morning to night, arbitrariness, humiliation, rudeness, rudeness reign here... Terrible intemperance, uncultured and disrespectful attitude towards everyone is what distinguishes this house. This cruel mistress of the house truly declares: “...now I scold, now I fight; This is how the house holds together.” Prostakova is even proud of it! Reading the comedy, we understand that the author wants to tell us: “Those who are not able to respect themselves will never treat others with respect and culture.”
After reading many texts, we found the most popular problems regarding old age. All of them will be useful in writing an essay for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The arguments we selected taking into account the specifics of the criteria form the basis of this work. All of them are available for download in table format at the end of the article.
- A.S. Pushkin in his story “The Station Warden” writes about Samson Vyrin, who was abandoned by his daughter Dunya, leaving with a young officer. The old man really missed her and wanted to take care of her, but the kidnapper of his daughter simply pushed the visiting parent out the door. Some time after the death of the caretaker, some lady came to the grave site with three children and lay there for a long time. After that, she gave a nickel to the brewer’s son, who took her there, and left. This was the same Dunya who could not come to terms with the idea that she had ruined her children’s grandfather with her indifference
- K. G. Paustovsky in the story “Telegram” writes about an elderly woman Katerina Petrovna from the distant village of Zaborye. She had only one daughter, who lived in Leningrad, and they did not see each other for three years. The old woman didn’t want to interfere, so she almost didn’t get in touch. Her daughter only occasionally transferred money to her. One day Katerina Petrovna asked Nastya to come, but she didn’t have time: she ended up in the village only on the second day after the funeral. The daughter felt guilty before her mother for her lonely old age, and stealthily left the village so that no one would see.
The role of old age in human life
- The German writer Hermann Hesse wrote in the text “On Old Age” that old age is new level in a person's life. According to the author, people should accept and acknowledge their old age. At this stage, you need to complete a large number of tasks, no less than at a young age. If a person evades them and despises his old age, he will turn out to be an unworthy representative of this stage of life.
- In L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace there is old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. Despite his advanced age, the hero of the work is full of vital energy. He works constantly: writes memoirs, does calculations in higher mathematics, gardens, and looks after buildings. In addition, the prince is interested in what is happening in the sphere of politics and the military situation in Russia. Old age does not at all prevent Nikolai Bolkonsky from leading a busy lifestyle.
The problem of perception of old age
- The story by K. G. Paustovsky “The Old Cook” describes an elderly man who is seriously ill, and is fully aware and accepts his imminent death. He wants to confess before his death, but does not have the opportunity to invite a priest. Therefore, instead of the worshiper, a simple passer-by comes. He forgives the old cook's sins and even grants him a wish. With the help of music, it helps the dying person see the past. The old man recognizes his name and calmly departs to another world.
- MM. Prishvin in the story " old mushroom” describes an elderly man who talked about old age. One day his friend was called an old mushroom, and he remembered how he went to the forest. There was a russula, from which the birds and the narrator himself drank after the rain. That is, this mushroom was beneficial, and later had to produce seeds in order to produce offspring. The narrator's companion was also useful, despite his old age.
- A.P. Chekhov in the play “ Cherry Orchard" tells about an old servant named Firs, who loved, respected his masters and served them all his life long life. One day the residents of the house had to move. They were going to send the elderly man to the hospital, but this was far from a priority for them. As a result, the gentlemen left, forgetting Firs alone in the boarded-up house. There he died.
- In the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" mentions the protagonist's uncle, who became seriously ill and was dying. Eugene looked after him, but it was a burden to him, and to himself he thought about how tiring such a pastime was. Onegin dreamed of the patient’s speedy death in order to quickly throw off the burden of responsibility and receive an inheritance. The author conveys this idea young man: “What low deceit to amuse a half-dead person.” However, such thoughts smack of cynicism and reveal the petty and selfish nature of the speaker. We, young and healthy, owe our lives and everything we have to these “half-dead” people.
- In I. A. Bunin’s story “Youth and Old Age” we are talking about a Kurd who told a parable to a handsome Greek. The main idea was that a person should perform only his functions, without wasting his life on earning wealth and protecting it. Then he will remain young mentally, and will be old only in body. Kurd argues that you need to maintain your humanity and dignity, then you won’t become grouchy with age.
Disrespect for older generations
Age inappropriate
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An essay on the topic “The problem of the complexity of relationships between people, lack of humanity, indifference to others, lack of human responsibility to other people.”
Every person is a biosocial being. This means that in addition to biological needs, we also have social ones. Such as communication, various types of relationships. People often have problems in relationships, because people are not always ready to understand each other.
The topic of human relationships is very important in modern society, because more and more often we are witnessing difficulties in relationships, lack of humanity, respect and responsibility. Many great philosophers, writers and poets have talked about human relationships and the problems that can arise between people.
For example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his novel “Eugene Onegin” examines in great detail the topic of human relationships, as well as the topic of loneliness. The main character of the novel, Eugene Onegin, is unhappy because he has become a “reluctant egoist.” The environment he lived in, the society in which he was in, made him this way. Because of this, Onegin became selfish, indifferent to the fate of other people. Everyone who tried to get close to him became unhappy, Onegin himself also did not find happiness in life. All the hero’s actions and the influence of the surrounding society on him became the reason for the hero’s deep disappointment in life and loneliness.
K. G. Paustovsky in his work “Telegram” also touches on the topic of human relationships and various problems that arise between people. The heroine is a girl, Nastya, who lives in Leningrad and receives a telegram that her mother is sick. But the girl had many important matters that did not allow her to go to her mother. Afterwards, when the girl was finally able to get to the village where her mother lived, she found out that her mother was no longer there... So it happens that sometimes even the closest people act so cold-bloodedly and indifferently towards their relatives.
Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin in his work “Live and Remember” tells us such a story. A man who once deserted returns to the vicinity of his village. But the residents do not want to accept him, everyone turns away from him except his wife. Maria tries her best to save him, doing everything possible, but people's rumors are worse. Maria, persecuted by her fellow villagers, realizes that she was never able to achieve better life for herself and her husband and cannot live like this any longer. Maria commits suicide. In this story we see how worried about her family and how much Mary loved her husband. But her husband turned out to be cowardly and selfish, which is why the end of this story is so sad.
In Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time,” the writer tells us about many extraordinary personalities who found it difficult to get along in society. Many of these people are “superfluous” in the existing society, since they differ from the rest in their individuality, and the public mass does not want to accept them as such. The main character of the work is Pechorin, a man with a difficult fate. From the novel we learn that Pechorin strives for knowledge, “immense forces” lie within him. But there is also a lot of bad in him, many atrocities lie on his conscience and do not allow him to live in peace.
Based on all of the above, we can conclude that mutual understanding is necessary in society. Each of us must value and respect the other's choices. After all, without mutual understanding, forgiveness and love for each other, people will not be able to get along together and avoid conflicts.
Essay on the topic “Relationships between people”
This text raises the problem of relationships between people, namely, such an important aspect of them as communication is touched upon.
Despite the fact that the text we're talking about about the beginning and middle of the twentieth century, the problem described in the text remains relevant in our time. In the modern world, the number of social contacts between people has only increased due to the development of various spheres human life Therefore, no one should ignore the problem of communication.
The author believes that the ability to communicate is a very important component of the success of people employed in the most various sphere activities. In addition, the author emphasizes that the ability to communicate is necessary for a happy personal life. The author notes that it is necessary to communicate sincerely, since otherwise it will negatively affect the subject of communication who does not comply with this rule.
I completely agree with the author's position. In the modern world, a lot really depends on the ability to communicate: by a person’s speech, others judge the level of upbringing and education of a person, and conclusions drawn on the basis of such observations can play a decisive role in the future. As for sincerity in speech, you should always remember that communication occurs with a person, and here the principle “Treat people the way you want to be treated” is very useful, but everyone wants a sincere attitude and communication, not so is it? In addition, a person who constantly controls himself, without true feelings, greatly harms one's own spiritual world. Examples confirming the correctness of the author of the article can be found in various sources.
Firstly, this literary works. So, for example, in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Idiot" Prince Myshkin is a very simple, open and sincere person, which attracts people to him, because in the society in which the prince is located, everyone has long forgotten about such behavioral phenomena.
Secondly, in the life of every person there comes a moment when emotions, impressions, events, any other feelings overwhelm him and he needs to speak out, but not a small part of what bothers him, but everything, he needs to be sincere in the conversation , only then will he feel lightness and a feeling of a slightly incomprehensible vault.
Thirdly, in such television programs, like “Let them talk”, “We speak and show” and so on, you can see many examples where only sincere communication helps to establish good relationships between people, which is very important.
Thus, the problem of communication is indeed very important in the modern world, and sincerity is an important aspect in communication. Let a person be serious, use unusual manners in communication, but sincerity must certainly be present, otherwise the person constantly adapts to someone else, ceases to be himself, and this should not happen...
Arguments in the Russian language for the Unified State Exam essay.
This page contains a huge database of arguments for various problems in essays on the Russian language. The database is updated every day. The table below will help the student when arguing an essay according to the format of the Unified State Exam.
To quickly find the problem you need and its arguments, we recommend using the keyboard shortcut " CTRL + F".. (Search form on this page).
What influence does personality have on the course of history?
L. N. Tolstoy."War and Peace" One of central problems novel - the role of personality in history. This problem is revealed through the example of the lives of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no goodness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the moods and desires of the masses, therefore he was great. Napoleon thinks only about his greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.
What is the meaning of human life?
M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of Our Time". Pechorin's misfortune, by his own admission, is a lack of understanding of the meaning of his life; he says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply it to, and could not find a use for it.
I. A. Goncharov. "Oblomov." Good, kind, talented person Ilya Oblomov was unable to overcome himself and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high purpose in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. L.N.
Tolstoy. "War and Peace". The main thing in the best heroes of the novel - Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov - is the desire for moral self-improvement, the desire to “be quite good”, to bring good to people.
Self-realization of a person. Life is like a struggle for happiness
1) Let's imagine that some good wizard or some highly developed aliens decided to benefit humanity: they saved people from the need to work, entrusting all the work to smart machines. What would happen to us then, to our age-old dream of an idle and cheerful life? A person would lose the joy of overcoming, and life would turn into a painful existence.
2) From a tiny apple tree A seed thrown into the ground will eventually grow into a tree that will produce sweet, juicy fruits. Likewise, a person must realize the powers inherent in him by nature, grow in order to please people with the fruits of his labors.
3) Life drama of Evgeny Onegin, an extraordinary person, is caused precisely by the fact that “he was sick of persistent work.” Growing up in idleness, he did not learn the most important thing - to work patiently, achieving his goal, to live for the sake of another person. His life turned into a joyless existence “without tears, without life, without love.”
The problem of true and imaginary values.
I. Bunin in the story “Mr. from San Francisco”"showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was.
M. Gorky, working on one from his novels, he described the scene of the murder of a woman. Suddenly the writer screamed and fell unconscious. The arriving doctors found a wound on the writer in the very place where the heroine of his work was stabbed with a knife. This example shows that a true writer does not simply invent events, but writes with the blood of his soul; he passes everything created through his heart.
Name of a simple peasant girl Joan of Arc is known to everyone today. For 75 years, France waged an unsuccessful war against the English invaders. Joan believed that she was destined to save France. The young peasant woman persuaded the king to give her a small detachment and was able to do what the smartest military leaders could not : She ignited people with her fierce faith. After many years of shameful defeats, the French were finally able to defeat the invaders. When you reflect on this truly miraculous event, you understand how important it is for a person to be guided by a great goal.
In the book “There Was No Better Brother” Azerbaijani writer Maksud Ibragimbekov included novels and stories in which our contemporaries are represented. The works of M. Ibragimbekov are always action-packed and pose the most important, pressing moral and ethical problems. The conflict in them arises and is resolved at the level of moral tasks and attitudes. The writer's characters are looking for authentic life values, sifting them out from the imaginary ones.
Main character Elena Katasonova’s story “Who Needs a Blue Bird?” is an orientalist working in one of the research institutes. He knows the country he is involved in well; his official and personal affairs are going well. But it happens that life confronts him with the need to choose between real and imaginary values. And this choice is very difficult, because in order to get through to the present, Paul needs to break too much, change too much in his happily current, well-established life. The story poses current moral problems in an acute, sometimes dramatic form.
Everyone holds the fate of the world in their hands
V. Soloukhin tells a parable about a boy who did not listen to an unknown voice and scared away the butterfly. An unknown voice sadly announced what would happen next: the disturbed butterfly would fly away into the royal garden, and the caterpillar from this butterfly would crawl onto the neck of the sleeping queen. The queen will get scared and die, and power in the country will be seized by an insidious and cruel king who will cause a lot of trouble to people.
A. Kuprin wrote the story “The Wonderful Doctor”, based on real events. A man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to desperately commit suicide, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happens to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate man, and from that moment his life and the life of his family changes in the most happy way. This story eloquently shows that the actions of one person can affect the destinies of other people.
The twentieth century is the first century in history humanity's world wars, the age of creating weapons of mass destruction. An incredible situation is emerging: humanity can destroy itself. In Hiroshima, on the monument to the victims of the atomic bombing, it is written: “Sleep well, the mistake will not be repeated.” To prevent this and many other mistakes from being repeated, the struggle for peace, the struggle against weapons of mass destruction, acquires a universal character.
“Notes of a Hunter” by I. Turgenev played a huge role in public life our country. People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it was immoral to own people like cattle. A broad movement for the abolition of serfdom began in the country.
During the Great Patriotic War G. F. Flerov, using a short vacation, went to scientific library. He drew attention to the fact that there were no publications about radioactivity in foreign journals. This means that these works are classified. He immediately wrote an alarming letter to the government. Immediately after this, all nuclear scientists were called from the front and active work began on the creation of an atomic bomb, which in the future would help stop possible aggression against our country.
Scientific progress and moral qualities person
In M. Bulgakov's story " Heart of a Dog" Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a human. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a “dog’s heart” is not yet a person, because there is no soul in it, no love, honor, nobility.
“We boarded the plane, but we don’t know where it will land!”— - wrote the famous Russian writer Yu. Bondarev. These words sound a warning addressed to all humanity. Indeed, we are sometimes very careless, we do something, “get on a plane,” without thinking about what the consequences of our hasty decisions and thoughtless actions will be. And these consequences can be fatal.
Nicolaus Copernicus after long After much research, I came to the conclusion that the center of our Universe is not the Earth, but the Sun. But the scientist for a long time did not dare to publish data about his discovery, because he understood that such news would change people’s ideas about the world order. and this can lead to unpredictable consequences.
Russian literature has always was closely associated with moral quests our people. One of the writers who sincerely cares about the morality of our society is Valentin Rasputin. The story “Fire” occupies a special place in his work. These are reflections on civil courage and the moral positions of man. When a fire broke out in Sosnovka, there were few who risked their lives to defend people's good. Many came to “warm their hands.” A fire is the result of general ill-being. People are corrupted by the discomfort of everyday life, the poverty of spiritual life, and a soulless attitude towards nature.
Many problems of our time, including moral ones, is raised by Anatoly Pristavkin in the story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” He acutely raises the issue of national relations, talks about the connection between generations, raises the topic of good and evil, talks about many other issues, the solution of which depends not only on politics and economics, but also on the level of general culture.
1) History knows many unsuccessful attempts to forcefully make a person happy. If freedom is taken away from people, then heaven turns into a prison. The favorite of Tsar Alexander 1, General Arakcheev, when creating military settlements at the beginning of the 19th century, pursued good goals. Peasants were forbidden to drink vodka, they were supposed to go to church at the appointed hours, children were supposed to be sent to schools, and they were forbidden to be punished. It would seem that everything is correct! But people were forced to be good. they were forced to love, work, study. And the man deprived of freedom, turned into a slave, rebelled: a wave of general protest arose, and Arakcheev’s reforms were curtailed.
2) Alone African tribe , who lived in the equatorial zone, decided to help. Young Africans were taught to beg for rice; they were given tractors and seeders. A year passed - we came to see how the tribe, gifted with new knowledge, lived. Imagine the disappointment when they saw that the tribe lived and still lives in a primitive communal system: they sold tractors to farmers, and with the proceeds they organized a national holiday. This example is eloquent evidence that a person must mature to understand his needs; no one can be made rich, smart and happy by force.
3) In one kingdom came severe drought, people began to die of hunger and thirst. The king turned to the soothsayer, who came to them from distant countries. He predicted that the drought would end as soon as a stranger was sacrificed. Then the king ordered to kill the soothsayer and throw him into the well. The drought ended, but since then a constant hunt for foreign wanderers began.
4) Historian E. Tarle in one from his books he talks about Nicholas I’s visit to Moscow University. When the rector introduced him to the best students, Nicholas 1 said: “I don’t need smart people, but I need novices.” The attitude towards wise men and novices in various fields of knowledge and art eloquently testifies to the character of society.
5) In 1848, a tradesman Nikifor Nikitin was exiled to the distant settlement of Baikonur “for seditious speeches about flying to the moon.” Of course, no one could know that a century later, at this very place, in the Kazakh steppe, a cosmodrome would be built and spaceships would fly to where the prophetic eyes of an enthusiastic dreamer looked.
1) Ancient historians tell that one day a stranger came to the Roman emperor and brought him a gift of metal as shiny as silver, but extremely soft. The master said that he extracts this metal from clay soil. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor’s head to be cut off.
2) Archimedes, knowing that people suffer from drought, hunger, and proposed new ways to irrigate the land. Thanks to his discovery, productivity increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.
3) Outstanding scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This medicinal product saved the lives of millions of people who had previously died from blood poisoning.
4) One English engineer in the middle 19th century offered an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: “We are already strong, only the weak need to improve weapons.”
5) Famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was inspired by the words of an ordinary peasant woman. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this the woman calmly replied: “It can’t be, because I already had cowpox.” The doctor did not consider these words to be the result of dark ignorance, but began to make observations, which led to a brilliant discovery.
The problem of man's thoughtless, cruel attitude towards the natural world.
How to save the world from environmental disaster?
1) V. G. Rasputin. "Farewell to Matera". They want to flood the island where people have lived for centuries. Along with environmental problems, there arise problems of a moral nature and historical memory.
2) M. Bulgakov. "Fatal Eggs": Professor Persikov accidentally breeds giant reptiles instead of large chickens that threaten civilization.
3) “Heart of a Dog”. Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of a human brain into the dog Sharik, transforming completely cute dog to the disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You cannot mindlessly interfere with nature!
The problem of cruelty and humanism towards animals.
V. V. Mayakovsky Poem"Good attitude towards horses." The plot is based on the fall of an old horse, which aroused not just the lively curiosity of the crowd, but even the laughter of those around.
The problem of the complexity of relationships between people (humane attitude towards other people, indifference to the fate of another person, a person’s moral responsibility to other people).
1) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. The girl Nastya lives in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
2) V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”. The deserter husband secretly appears in the vicinity of his native village. His wife Nastena is trying to save him, but people’s rumors are worse: pursued by fellow villagers, realizing that she is driven into a dead end by circumstances (she is pregnant, she cannot give her husband away, but it is also scary to live in a lie), Nastena commits suicide. She is selfless, her husband is cowardly and selfish.
3) V. Bykov “Sotnikov”. The problem of moral choice: what is better - to save your life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or to die not as a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov’s heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes it difficult moral choice: dies, retaining human appearance.
The problem of kindness and forgiveness. The problem of responsibility for one's affairs
M. A. Bulgakov. "The Master and Margarita". The image of Yeshua is the image of Jesus Christ, carrying within himself the idea of true kindness and forgiveness. He says about all people, even about those who bring him pain and suffering: “Good man,” he forgives the procurator of Judea, who doomed him to a painful death, leaving with him into eternity. The image of the procurator of Judea symbolizes how a person can be punished for cowardice. Because of cowardice, he sends the innocent Yeshua to execution, to terrible torment, for which he suffers both on earth and in eternal life.
The problem of relationships between “fathers” and “children”. Is it possible to avoid generational conflict? What is the true love of parents for children (children for parents)?
1) And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". A classic work that shows the problem of misunderstanding between an elder and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger both in relation to the elder Kirsanovs and in relation to his parents. And although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.
2) L.N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", “Adolescence”, “Youth”. Striving to understand the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irteniev gradually gets to know the world, understands that much in it is imperfect, faces misunderstandings from her elders, and sometimes offends them (chapters “Classes”, “Natalya Savishna”)
3) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. Girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
4) Let's imagine people who start building a house in the morning, and the next day, without finishing what they started, begin building a new house. Such a picture can cause nothing but bewilderment. But this is exactly what people do when they reject the experience of their ancestors and, as it were, begin to build their “home” anew.
5) The problem of fathers and sons includes a number of important moral problems. This is the problem of education, the problem of choosing moral rules, the problem of gratitude, the problem of misunderstanding. They are raised in various works, and each author tries to look at them in his own way. A. S. Griboedov, having described the struggle between the “present century” and the “past century” in the comedy “Woe from Wit,” did not ignore the complex problem of fathers and children. The very idea of the work is the struggle between the old and the new.
6) And Pyotr Grinev in A. Pushkin’s Tale « Captain's daughter", following the instructions of his father, remained honest and noble man in all the situations in which he had to find himself, honor and conscience remained above all else for him throughout his life.
7) One of the most important facets of the problem“fathers and sons” is gratitude. Are children grateful to their parents who love them, raised them and raised them? The topic of gratitude is raised in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden.” The tragedy of a father who dearly loved his only daughter appears before us in this story. Of course, Dunya has not forgotten her father, she loves him and feels guilty before him, but still, the fact that she left, leaving her father alone, turned out to be a big blow for him, so strong that he could not withstand it.
1) After reading the story by A.S. Pushkin"The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas about honor. Two officers of the Russian army behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are bearers of two fundamentally different worldviews.
2) The problem of honor and dishonor rises in L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” Honor and dignity are the main qualities of human character, and those who have lost them are alien to any high aspirations and searches. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of Leo Tolstoy.
3) The poet John Brown received from the Russian Empress Catherine the Enlightenment project, but could not come because I was ill. However, he had already received money from her, so, saving his honor, he committed suicide.
4) During the Titanic disaster Baron Guggenheim gave up his place in the boat to a woman with a child, and he himself carefully shaved and accepted death with dignity.
5) One of Stalin's prisoners camps recounted such an incident in his memoirs. The guards, wanting to have fun, forced the prisoners to do squats. Confused by beatings and hunger, people began to obediently carry out this ridiculous order. But there was one person who, despite the threats, refused to obey. And this act reminded everyone that a person has honor that no one can take away.
6) One traveler talked about how the Eskimos gave him a large bunch of dried fish. Hurrying to the ship, he forgot her in the tent. Returning six months later, he found this bundle in the same place. The traveler learned that the tribe had experienced a difficult winter, people were very hungry, but no one dared to touch someone else's property, for fear of injuring themselves. dishonorable act anger of higher powers.
1) During the second World War II, the Germans persuaded a criminal to play a role for a large monetary reward famous hero Resistance. He was put in a cell with the arrested underground members so that he could learn from them all the necessary information. But the criminal, feeling the care of strangers, their respect and love, suddenly abandoned the pitiful role of an informer, did not give out the information he had heard from the underground fighters, and was shot.
2) Betrayal in at all times it was considered a vile act, dishonoring the honor of a person. So, for example, to the provocateur who betrayed the members of Petrashevsky’s circle to the police (among those arrested was great writer F. Dostoevsky), they promised to give him a well-paid job as a reward. But, despite the diligent efforts of the police, all the St. Petersburg mayors refused the services of the traitor.
3) Czech hockey player M. Nova, as the best player on the team, was given a latest model Toyota. He asked to be paid the cost of the car and divided the money among all team members.
4) Famous revolutionary G. Kotovsky was sentenced to death by hanging for robbery. The fate of this extraordinary man worried the writer A. Fedorov, who began to work for pardon for the robber. He achieved the release of Kotovsky, and he solemnly promised the writer to repay him with kindness. A few years later, when Kotovsky became a Red commander, this writer came to him and asked him to save his son, who was captured by the security officers. Kotovsky, risking his life, rescued the young man from captivity.
1) Ardent love for the Motherland, We feel pride in its beauty in the works of the classics.
The theme of heroic feat in the fight against the enemies of the Motherland is also heard in M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Borodino”, dedicated to one of the glorious pages of the historical past of our country.
2) The theme of the Motherland is raised in the works of S. Yesenin. Whatever Yesenin wrote about: about experiences, about historical turning points, about the fate of Russia in the “harsh, formidable years” - every Yesenin image and line is warmed by a feeling of boundless love for the homeland: But most of all. Love for the native land
3) Famous writer told the story of the Decembrist Sukhinov, who, after the defeat of the uprising, was able to hide from police bloodhounds and, after painful wanderings, finally made it to the border. Another minute and he will be free. But the fugitive looked at the field, the forest, the sky and realized that he could not live in a foreign land, far from his homeland. He surrendered to the police, he was shackled and sent to hard labor.
4) Outstanding Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin, forced to leave Russia, always carried a box with him. No one had any idea what was in it. Only many years later did relatives learn that Chaliapin kept a handful of his native land in this box. No wonder they say: the native land is sweet in a handful. Obviously, the great singer, who passionately loved his homeland, needed to feel the closeness and warmth of his native land.
5) The Nazis, having occupied France, offered General Denikin, who fought against the Red Army during the Civil War, to cooperate with them in the fight against Soviet Union. But the general responded with a sharp refusal, because his homeland was more valuable to him than political differences.
6) African slaves, taken to America, yearned for native land. In despair, they killed themselves, hoping that the soul, having thrown off the body, could fly home like a bird.
7) The most terrible Punishment in ancient times was considered to be the expulsion of a person from a tribe, city or country. Outside your home is a foreign land: a foreign land, a foreign sky, a foreign language. There you are all alone, there you are nobody, a creature without rights and without a name. That is why leaving one’s homeland meant losing everything for a person.
8) To an outstanding Russian hockey player V. Tretyak was offered to move to Canada. They promised to buy him a house and pay him big salary. Tretyak pointed to the sky and earth and asked: “Will you buy this for me too?” The famous athlete’s answer confused everyone, and no one else returned to this proposal.
9) When in the middle In the 19th century, an English squadron besieged the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, and the entire population stood up to defend their city. Townspeople destroyed their own houses if they prevented Turkish cannons from conducting aimed fire at enemy ships.
10) One day the wind decided to fell the mighty oak tree that grew on the hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked the majestic oak tree: “Why can’t I defeat you?”
11) Oak answered that it’s not the trunk that’s holding him up. Its strength lies in the fact that it is rooted in the ground and clings to it with its roots. This simple story expresses the idea that love for the motherland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of their ancestors makes the people invincible.
12) When over England When the threat of a terrible and devastating war with Spain loomed, the entire population, hitherto torn apart by enmity, rallied around its queen. Merchants and nobles equipped the army with their own money, and people of ordinary rank enlisted in the militia. Even the pirates remembered their homeland and brought their ships to save it from the enemy. And the “invincible armada” of the Spaniards was defeated.
13) Turks during During their military campaigns they captured boys and young men. Children were forcibly converted to Islam and turned into warriors called Janissaries. The Turks hoped that the new warriors, deprived of spiritual roots, having forgotten their homeland, brought up in fear and obedience, would become a reliable stronghold of the state.
The role of example. Human education
1) The works teach courage and resilience. The topic of the Great Patriotic War occupies an important place in literature. The writer often turns to this period of history. The story “Sotnikov”, written by Vasil Bykov, is one of best works about the war. After going through difficult trials, the main characters fall into the clutches of the Germans. Sotnikov is a modest, inconspicuous person, a simple teacher. But, being sick and weak, he went on an important task. Exhausted by torture, he remains unbroken. The source of Sotnikov’s courage and heroism was the conviction in the justice of the struggle waged by the people. This work teaches us courage and courage, helps our moral development.
2) “Teaching” by Vladimir Monomakh. Already in chronicle sources, problems of education were given enormous influence: the “Instruction” speaks of eternal moral values, about love for the homeland, respect for elders, the need for kindness, loyalty...
3) Many people are inclined blame unfavorable conditions for everything: family, friends, way of life, rulers. But it is precisely struggle, overcoming difficulties that is the most important condition for full-fledged spiritual formation. It is no coincidence that folk tales the true biography of the hero begins only when he passes the test (fights a monster, saves a stolen bride, obtains a magic item).
4) And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov". One of the most important parts of the novel reveals the problems of education: “Oblomov’s Dream” shows how the atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to work and think disfigures the soul of a child.
5) M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of Our Time". The lack of a goal in life and the habit of working form a “superfluous person,” a “reluctant egoist.” Pechorin himself realizes his selfishness and admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. This is how his upbringing made him.
Theme of the historical past
Theme of the historical past Pushkin was constantly worried about his homeland both as a poet and as a prose writer. He created such works as “Song of the Prophetic Oleg”, “Borodin Anniversary”, “Poltava”. " Bronze Horseman". "Boris Godunov". "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion" and, of course, "The Captain's Daughter". All these works describe different historical events, different historical eras
The theme of the triumph of Russian weapons, the heroism of the Russian people, the winner and liberator, resounds dazzlingly and powerfully in works dedicated to Patriotic War 1812. In the seventh chapter of "Eugene Onegin", the feat of Moscow is glorified.
Human responsibility for the lives of others
Thus, in Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” The question of man's moral responsibility to history is especially acute.
Feelings of guilt and responsibility for those around him rises in works about the Great Patriotic War. For example, in A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I know, it’s not my fault. » lyrical hero asks a rhetorical question: could he have saved those who did not come from the war? Of course not, but the feeling of guilt does not leave the hero and the author.
Self-sacrifice in the name of love for one's neighbor(*)
1) F. M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment".“Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, as long as the world stands!” - a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of one’s neighbor and endlessly “inexorable” suffering.
2) A.I.Kuprin in the story “Garnet Bracelet” understands love as a miracle, as a wonderful gift. The death of the official brought back to life a woman who did not believe in love, which means that love still conquers death.
3) M. Gorky the legend of "Danko". Danko sacrificed himself to save people. Danko's feat is similar to the feat of Prometheus, who stole fire for people, but suffered a terrible punishment for this. This feat of Danko should serve as a reminder to new generations of what a real person should be.
4) In one from books dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, a former siege survivor recalls that his life, as a dying teenager, was saved during a terrible famine by an elderly neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front. “I’m already old, and you’re young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved retained a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.
5) Tragedy happened in Krasnodar region. A fire started in a nursing home where sick old people lived who could not even walk. Nurse Lidia Pashentseva rushed to help the disabled. The woman pulled several sick people out of the fire, but could not get out herself.
Compassion and mercy. Sensitivity
From M. A. Sholokhov There is a wonderful story “The Fate of a Man.” It talks about tragic fate a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength to live, strength to resist fate.
Callous and callous attitude towards a person (Indifferent attitude..)
In January 2006 year, a terrible fire occurred in Vladivostok. The premises of a savings bank, which was located on the eighth floor of a high-rise building, caught fire. The boss demanded that the employees first hide all documents in a safe and then evacuate. While the documents were being removed, a fire engulfed the corridor, and many girls died.
During the recent During the war in the Caucasus, an incident occurred that caused justifiable indignation in society. A wounded soldier was brought to the hospital, but the doctors refused to admit him, citing the fact that their institution belonged to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the soldier belonged to the Ministry of Defense. While they were looking for the necessary medical unit, the wounded man died.
Can the Internet and television replace books?
Books and the Internet are two independent types of culture. It should be borne in mind that the book is oldest species culture, and the Internet is only a few decades old. Therefore, the Internet will not only not supplant, but, on the contrary, in my opinion, it will strengthen and return interest in the book. Although, undoubtedly, some people now read literature only from the screen. I would characterize the relationship between books and the Internet as brothers and enemies.
Most likely, the book and the Internet will exist together, complementing each other. Another question is whether there will be more digital or paper literature. I think it's a book art book, will maintain its position. It largely depends on the perception of the texts. I judge by myself. I can’t read texts from the screen: I can’t fully immerse myself in art world; The screen is distracting and prevents you from concentrating.
No. Because a book is something exquisite. A person’s love for a book, for a library, will not disappear. I would like to note that although book circulation is falling, the quality of printing is getting better. The book is at least pleasant to hold in your hands.
M. A Bulgakov"The Master and Margarita". Woland is the embodiment of evil, Yeshua is the bearer of the idea of good, but evil and good separately do not make sense: Woland the devil says that he is part of evil, which, unwillingly, brings good.
A.S. Pushkin in the tragedy “Boris Godunov” accurately defined and showed the people's character. Eternally dissatisfied with the existing government, people are ready to rise up to destroy it and rebel, instilling terror in the rulers—and that’s all. And as a result, they themselves remain offended, since the fruits of their victory are enjoyed by the boyars and high-born nobles standing at the throne of the sovereign.
The people can only do one thing: “keep silent.”
In the work I. Ilf and E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs”. The vocabulary of the heroine of this novel, Ellochka Shchukina, was only thirty words. And although she did not feel the need to use any other words, her speech pattern undoubtedly suffered greatly.
One more an example could be ancient Greek orator Demosthenes. He for many years worked on my speech portrait, facial expressions, gestures, because a weak voice and short breathing did not allow him to fulfill his dream of becoming a speaker. Demosthenes trained to speak with the sound of waves, with pebbles in his mouth, and eventually was able to eliminate the shortcomings of his speech and become a true professional in his field, who left a bright mark on history. This happened precisely because of his attentive attitude to his speech portrait.
The problem of heredity and self-formation
In Russian literature and in life we so reverence the image of Lefty in Leskov’s work. Without learning the craft anywhere, he managed to shoe a flea without a microscope. There is no doubt that he developed his talent himself. Nobody told Lefty that his genotype contained or, on the contrary, did not contain such talent.
I also wanted I would like to remember the Paralympic Games. Disabled people, seemingly limited by nature in mobility, find the strength to play sports and set records. This is the clearest proof that everyone is capable of self-formation and self-development, that not everything in human life is determined by heredity.
Memory retention problem
Memory of the past They store not only household items and jewelry, but also, for example, letters, photographs, and documents. In the story " Last bow» V.P.Astafieva There’s a chapter called “The Photograph That I’m Not in.” The hero talks about how a photographer came to a rural school, but due to illness he was unable to take pictures. The teacher brought Vitka a photograph. Many years passed, but the hero saved this photo, despite the fact that he was not in it. He looks at her and remembers his classmates, thinks about their destinies. As the hero says, “village photography is a unique chronicle of our people, its wall history.”
Let's remember the hero A.I. Kuprina Zheltkova from the work “Garnet Bracelet”. He gives Princess Vera Nikolaevna, his beloved, a family jewel, garnet bracelet, inherited from his mother. Zheltkov sacredly protects him and decides to part with him only before his death.
The problem of human spirituality
Alyoshka, hero story A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day” Ivan Denisovich», is just an example spiritual person. He went to prison because of his faith, but did not abandon it; on the contrary, this young man defended his truth and tried to convey it to other prisoners. Not a single day passed without reading the Gospel, copied into an ordinary notebook.
Man and art. The impact of art on humans
For example, song“Holy War” to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach, the music of A. Alexandrov raised the soldiers to attack, defending their homeland. It became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. With this song, with its harsh pathos, which absorbed bitterness, pain, and anger, the Russian people, gripped by “noble rage,” went to “mortal combat” and stood shoulder to shoulder in defense of the Motherland.
In the story by E. Nosov"Chopin, sonata number two" music becomes a means of uniting people; mutual understanding develops between Uncle Sasha, a participant in the war, and the orchestra boys. The heavy, beating sounds of suffering, groans, blows - everything that can be heard in the requiem - make the orchestra children realize the meaning and price of victory in the war, because this sonata is in tune with the grief of the entire Russian people.
Human perception of nature as living matter (the influence of nature on the human soul)
Yegorushka, a 9-year-old boy, struck by the beauty of the steppe, humanizes it and turns it into his double: it seems to him that the steppe space is capable of suffering, and rejoicing, and yearning. His experiences and thoughts become not childishly serious, philosophical.
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she sees. Andrei Bolkonsky, during a trip to Otradnoye, saw an old oak tree, and the changes that subsequently occurred in the hero’s soul are associated with the beauty and grandeur of the mighty tree.
Fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it. In order to avoid death, he is forced to release her. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature forces this poacher to reconsider his ideas about life.
An inextricable connection with the homeland, native land
For Matryona Vasilievna, her house, yard, village are much more important than the place where you live. For the heroine, this is the meaning of her being, a part of her life, a memory of the past, of loved ones.
The problem of relationships between people arguments
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What should be the relationship between people?
To attract the attention of readers, the author gives examples of conflicts and disagreements between our nations and countries. Most often this happens due to a lack of mutual understanding between people, he believes. And to prevent this from happening, the author suggests that we be able to understand another person and forgive other people’s mistakes. If we do not forgive, he argues, then such thoughts will have a detrimental effect on us: we will become irritable, we will become sad, and we may even get sick. Therefore, the writer encourages us to forgive people, which will allow us to solve our problems, love and enjoy life.
To prove the validity of my point of view, I will give the following examples from works of fiction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, meets Anatoly Kuragin at a dressing station. Having seen his leg amputated, he feels sympathy for the pain and suffering of his opponent, is imbued with compassion for him and forgives him.
I’ll give another example from M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” In the epilogue, the main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, is convicted of his crime and is in prison in Siberia. Sonya Marmeladova, who feels compassion for Raskolnikov, goes to him and visits him often. In hard labor, no one loves him and even hates him. The resurrection of the main character did not begin immediately. Only his illness and Sonya’s illness, the fear of losing her, awakened in him love for her, love for the people around him, and the ability to forgive them. From that moment on, Raskolnikov understands that “life has come”; he has the Gospel under his pillow. And the convicts’ attitude towards him also changed.
Thus, all of the above allows us to conclude that the ability to forgive is one of best qualities human character that can perform miracles in our lives. Unexpected transformations can happen to us from the moment we forgive those with whom we were offended. Let's try to understand the other person and forgive him.
We live in a time when conflicts and disagreements occur every day between different countries and nations. The reason for this is the lack of mutual understanding and compliance. This applies to both the whole people and each of its representatives. After all, interethnic conflicts are often preceded by a lack of mutual understanding between individuals. This means that we all need, first of all, to learn to understand another person, forgive other people’s mistakes, get rid of our own grievances, remembering that the most important law of life is the ability to forgive.
How often do we say “thank you” to people close to us? How often do we thank them sincerely? There is no need to deny that sometimes we don’t do this at all, we forget, or we simply don’t want to. Meanwhile, disrespect and ingratitude are becoming a kind of habits that plague modern society.
In the text, N.I. Pirogov raises the problem of disrespectful attitude, which manifests itself in ingratitude and disrespect. Can it be called acceptable?
She did not want him to work, she was ready to share “her bread” with him. But at that time he could not appreciate it. His sisters took on small jobs to provide for the family. And when my brother needed a uniform, they sewed it from old things. But their efforts were not rewarded with due gratitude, which the author regrets.
Sometimes a person does not know how to express his gratitude to those who deserve it - such disrespect for the merits of people cannot be justified by anything. The author strives to convey this to the reader so that he does not make such mistakes.
In the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Humiliated and Insulted” there is confirmation of the author’s words. Natasha, the heroine of the work, betrays her family by running away from home with her lover. But she soon loses it, after which she realizes that she was wrong, that she did not appreciate what she had. She is tormented by her conscience, she cannot find peace because she was not grateful.
Everyone should learn to appreciate the people who surround him and what they do for him.
Updated: 2018-07-24
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