Presentation on iso 6th grade linear perspective. Image of volume on a plane. Linear perspective. I. Organizational moment

What difference do you see
in the image?
Time of writing
Time of painting -
paintings - era
Renaissance
Middle Ages

In the era
Middle Ages
(5th-15th centuries)
view of the world is possible
name
vertical - from
earth to sky.

During the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries) vision
the world has changed. It can be called
horizontal – deep into space
Leonardo da Vinci "The Last Supper"

For centuries artists
developed image methods
the surrounding world on a plane,
which then turned into
rules. We are with one of them today and
Let's get acquainted.

Linear perspective

- is a system of image on a plane
depth of space.
This system includes methods
images that allow
create the illusion of space on
plane.

If you draw a landscape on the glass of a window,
which we see outside the window will turn out
perspective drawing, and glass in this
case will be the picture plane.

Dimensions, shape, clarity of outlines of objects
visually change depending on their
remoteness.
A. Gerasimov.
"Bolshak"

distance from our eye dimensions
objects appear smaller.
At

horizontal lines,
For example,
railway rails, wires, markings
lanes on highways receding, as if converging
at one point on the visible horizon line.

But the vertical lines of pillars, houses, trees remain vertical, although with distance from us they also decrease.

The horizon line is clearly visible when standing
on open space and look into the distance
where the sky meets the earth or water.

When climbing a mountain, the horizon line rises and the visible space increases

If you sit on the ground, then the horizon line
will descend and visibility will decrease.

Line
the horizon is always
is on the level
eye of the beholder.

Three main horizon levels
Point of view below level
horizon.
Items are above the line
horizon, so they can be seen from below.
Viewpoint at horizon level.
Items are on the line
horizon.
A higher level point of view
horizon.
Items are below the line
horizon, so they can be seen
above.

Key takeaways from the lesson
The horizon is a distant line, on
in which the sky seems to meet the earth.
A vanishing point is a section of the horizon at
where the railroad tracks
disappear from sight.
The horizon is located at the height of your
eye, regardless of what
distance from the ground you are.

Goals:

• Introduce the rules of perspective.
• Learn to depict a landscape according to the laws of perspective, conveying the depth of space.
• Improve the technique of working with wet watercolors.
• Instill a love for your small homeland, develop the ability to see and appreciate the beauty of your native landscapes.

Equipment: diagram for changing the height of the horizon line, diagram for determining the horizon line on the picture plane, manual demonstration card “Find errors in perspective”, samples of pedagogical drawings, reproductions of paintings by landscape artists, photographs of views of their native village, poems by local poetess M. I. Neretina.

Dictionary: landscape, linear and aerial perspective, horizon line, picture plane, point of view.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational part.
2. Lesson topic message.
3. Repetition of learned material.
4. Learning new material.
5. Consolidation.
6. Setting an artistic task.
7. Physical education minute.
8. Independent work.
9. Knowledge test.
10. Lesson summary.

Lesson progress

No, it’s not the landscape that attracts me,
It’s not the colors that I’m trying to notice,
And what shines in these colors.
Love and joy of being,
It's spilled everywhere...
She is everywhere where there is beauty.
I. Bunin

1. Organizational part.

- greetings;

– checking readiness for the lesson.

2. Report the topic of the lesson.

Teacher. Guys, today we will talk about landscape, nature native land. Let's get acquainted with the laws of perspective. Let's learn to show the depth of space.

3. Repetition of the studied material.

Let's remember what the concept of landscape means? That's right, this is a genre of fine art, the subject of which is the depiction of nature, a type of terrain. It is true that the birthplace of the landscape is Holland, and it appeared as an independent genre in the 17th century. You know that landscapes are divided into rural, urban, architectural, industrial, park, and sea.

4. Studying new material.

Today we will talk about the rural landscape, since we live in rural areas and this landscape is most dear to us. Every person has a small homeland, the place where he was born. Russian wisdom says: “Where you were born, you came in handy.” For most of you small homeland- this is the Maslovsky village of Novousmansky district.

Any of you probably knows our local poetess Maria Ivanovna Neretina. Let's listen to one of her poems.

The student reads.

I'm walking through the meadows, I'm walking through the fields
And along the bank of the blue river.
And I quietly whisper that I will not betray you,
Dear, dear Russia.
And in the spring, inhaling the aroma of gardens,
I understand - she’s still happy.
My Voronezh region is rich in beauty,
And there is nothing more expensive in the world.

Listening to these lines, you involuntarily imagine familiar landscapes. Now we will look at photographs of the village prepared by 10th grade student Fomina Masha.

It’s not for nothing that they say – Mother Earth, Mother Nature. This expresses love for native land. Landscape artists depicted the beauty of Russian nature in their creations. An example of this is the paintings of Russian artists - lyricists.

Isaac Levitan"Sokolniki".

Fedor Vasiliev"Dawn", "After the Rain".

Ivan Shishkin“Rain in an oak forest”, “Morning in pine forest", "Forest distances".

To paint a picture correctly, you need to have knowledge about perspective.

Perspective is a system for displaying the depth of space on a plane.

To understand the topic, let's discuss the planning in the picture.

Foreground. All objects are perceived three-dimensionally, the color is most contrasting.

Medium plan. Volume and color gradually soften.

Background. Everything merges in an airy haze.

(slide 3)

Aerial perspective– changes in objects under the influence of air and space, changes in color, outline and degree of illumination that occur as the nature moves away from the observer’s eyes.

(slide 4)

Linear perspective- an exact science that teaches how to depict objects of the surrounding reality on a plane so that the impression of reality is created.

(slide 5)

Need to know laws of perspective.

1. As you move away, objects become visually smaller.
2. The color fades.
3. The contrast gradually softens.
4. Near objects are depicted in detail, and distant objects are depicted in general terms.
5. Distant light objects are darkened, and dark objects are lightened.

(slide 6)

Let's consider horizon line determination diagram. Let's get acquainted with the concepts - point of view, line horizon, picture plane.

Point of view- This is a look from one fixed point.

Skyline- this is a line that is at the level of our eyes.

Picture plane- This is an image of visible objects in the order in which we see them.

(slide 7) Discussion with children.

Now let's turn our attention to change schemes height of the horizon line.

(slide 8) Discussion with children.

5. Consolidation

It's time to test in practice how you have mastered the material you have studied. To do this, we will use the demonstration material “Find errors in perspective.” Let's discuss several options for aerial and linear perspective. It is necessary to find errors and explain how to eliminate them.

(slide 9,10,11) Discussion with children.

6. Setting an artistic task.

And now, guys, using the knowledge you have acquired, you will draw a landscape using the raw technique.

Stage 1 of work.

– With a simple pencil create contour drawing (slide 13)

Stage 2 of work.

– Moisten everything with water and quickly start coloring.

– Start from the sky, from background to foreground (slide 14)

Stage 3 of work.

– Finish small details on a dry layer of paint.

– Increase color contrast (slide 15)

7. Physical education minute

Close your eyes, relax. Imagine that we are walking through a green meadow along a winding path that gets lost somewhere in the distance. Next to the path in the foreground are pleasing to the eye bright flowers. Trees in the background lose their clear outlines and appear small. Birds chirp overhead, fluttering in the clear blue sky. Pleasant meetings, a feeling of joy and happiness await you ahead.

8. Independent work.

Students independently sketch a landscape, applying their acquired knowledge in practice.

9. Test of knowledge.

Choose the correct answer from the options provided

Perspective is...

1. color science.
2. image using the horizon line.
3. display system on the depth plane of space.

(slide 16)

10. Lesson summary.

Exhibition of works. Well done guys, the landscapes turned out incredibly expressive. You were able to express your love for your native land, apply the laws of perspective in your works, thereby showing the depth of space. Each of your creations deserves special attention. For further improvement, I recommend that you explore the work of Alexei Savrasov, Vasily Polenov, Igor Grabar and other artists who glorify the beauty of Russian nature.

Homework: write an essay on the work of one of the studied landscape artists.

Perspective (from Latin perspicere to clearly see, comprehend) in fine arts a system of ways to depict space on a plane. Perspective in drawing - method of depiction volumetric figures, conveying their own spatial structure and location in space. In the visual arts, perspective is used as one of artistic means to enhance the expressiveness of images.

Perspective can be linear, aerial or reverse. Linear perspective is a way of depicting the surrounding reality on a plane with the transfer of volume and depth. Linear perspective is the most traditional, because corresponds to the natural perception of the surrounding world.

Reverse perspective is a method of depiction in which the vanishing lines are directed not deep into the picture, but towards the viewer. This type of perspective was used by ancient Russian painters in icon painting and frescoes. With this projection, the center of the world was placed inside the artist and the viewer, and parallel lines converged not outside, but inside the observer. Of two identical objects, when depicting space on a plane in this system, the one turned out to be larger. which is located further from the viewer.

We see all objects below this plane, below the horizon, from above; All objects located above the horizon are visible from below. Every horizontal plane below the horizon has an upper surface; at the plane located above the horizon, we see the lower surface. All horizontal lines, located below the perspective horizon, that is, visible from above, when moving away, they seem to rise and approach it, but never cross it. All lines located above the horizon, moving away, seem to descend and approach it. They don't cross it.

Slide 1

Basic principles of the theory of linear perspective Completed by: Zamorina Marina 303 gr. Head: candidate pedagogical sciences, Associate Professor S.I. Gudilina Everything that is purple - hyperlinks

Slide 2

Perspective Objects in the reality around us are located in space, that is, some of them are located closer to us, others are further away. If, for example, you look at electric masts or telegraph poles moving away from the observer, you can see how they seem to decrease in height, although in reality they are the same size. larger picture

Slide 3

Slide 4

The apparent decrease in the size of objects located at different distances from the viewer can also be seen in the example of houses located along the street. Thus, the further away objects are from the viewer, the smaller they appear. If you look at the same object from different places or change its position in relation to the viewer, then each time it will be visually perceived differently. Examples: Circle Book

Slide 5

Circle BACK When the position of the circle changes in relation to the observer, you can see how its outlines change. In one case, the circle can be seen in the form of a regular circle (if it is located frontally), in another case - in the form of an ellipse, in the third - in the form of a straight line. It depends on what position the circle occupies in relation to the level of vision (horizon line) and to the plane of the picture. CONCLUSION

Slide 6

Book BACK The change in the outline of an object depending on its position in relation to the person drawing can be traced on the book. The book can be positioned in relation to the viewer so that in one case we will see two, and in another case, three of its planes. CONCLUSION

Slide 7

CONCLUSION REVERSE Based on this example, we can draw the following conclusion - the appearance of an object changes depending on its location relative to the observer.

Slide 8

Linear perspective The development of the theory of linear perspective as a method of depicting spatial forms on a plane was carried out by such prominent artists of the Renaissance as Pietro della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Durer and many others. Engraving by Albrecht Durer

Slide 9

One of Durer's engravings gives an idea of ​​the principle of obtaining a perspective image, which is the basis and modern theory linear perspective. Here we have the following basic elements: the object of the image, a single fixed point of view (the artist looks at the object with one eye through the pipe), a transparent plane located between the object and the eye of the observer on which the drawing is made. Show picture

Slide 10

Slide 11

The possibility of obtaining an image on a transparent plane of an object is explained by the laws of radiation, propagation and absorption of light. Reflected rays of light coming into the eye from an object, meeting a transparent plane on their way, leave traces on it in the form of many points. If we connect these imaginary points, then we will get the outline of a visible object on this plane. Its value will be less than the actual size of the observed object. View drawing

Slide 12

BACK Such images should be considered as a perspective image of objects obtained by the central projection method, since all projecting rays pass through one point - the optical center of the eye (pupil). The height of this point in practice is determined by a horizontal plane passing at the level of the drawer’s eyes, which is depicted as a horizontal straight line and is called the horizon line. And the rectangular projection of the point of view onto the plane is called the main or central point.

Slide 13

Observation of nature through a transparent plane formed the basis of the term Perspective. In the theory of perspective, the transparent vertical plane through which the artist observes objects is usually called the plane of the picture or painting. Observing objects through the transparent plane of the picture, we seem to see their image on it and can even get a real drawing if we trace the contours of the object visible through this plane, as already noted above. Moreover, this drawing will meet all the rules of linear perspective.

Slide 14

Perspective BACK (from Latin Perspectus - seen through something, clearly seen) - one of the ways of depicting volumetric bodies on a plane or on some other surface in accordance with the apparent changes in their size, shape and clarity caused by their location in space and the degree of distance from the observer.

Slide 15

Picture plane BACK This plane is, as it were, an intermediary between the drawer and the observed object, on the one hand, between nature and the plane of the sheet of paper on which the image is built, on the other.

Slide 16

In practice, things are completely different. They draw not on transparent planes, but on ordinary thick paper, and do not place a transparent plane in front of nature. A conversation about a transparent plane when drawing from life can be about the opportunity to see objects through it, taking into account the phenomena of perspective, or about an imaginary plane of a picture with a sheet of paper lying in front of the drawer as if seen on it. Questions Literature