PAINTING, view fine arts, whose works are created using paints applied to any surface. Painting is an important medium artistic reflection and interpretation of reality, influencing the thoughts and feelings of the audience. The ideological concept of paintings is concretized in the theme and plot and embodied with the help of composition, drawing and color (color). Monochrome painting is used (one color tone or shades of one tone) and a system of interrelated color tones (colorful gamut), unchanging local color and color changes (halftones, transitions, shades), showing differences in the lighting of objects and their position in space, reflexes, showing the interaction of differently colored objects; the general painterly tone allows you to depict objects in unity with environment, the valers form the finest gradations of tone; reproduction is based on direct study of nature natural light and air environment (plein air).
The expressiveness of painting is also determined by the nature of the stroke and the treatment of the paint surface (texture). The transfer of volume and space is associated with linear and aerial perspective, light and shadow modeling, the use of tonal gradations and spatial qualities of warm and cold colors. Painting can be single-layer (alla prima) or multi-layer, with underpainting and glaze. Genres of painting: historical, everyday, battle, portrait, landscape, still life, etc. There are different types of monumental and decorative painting (wall paintings, lampshades, panels), easel painting (painting), decorative painting (theater and film sets), decorative painting of household items, icon painting, miniature (illustration of manuscripts, portrait), diorama and panorama. Main technical varieties oil painting, painting with water paints on wet (fresco) and dry (a secco) plaster, tempera, glue painting, wax painting, enamel, ceramic painting, silicate, synthetic paints, mosaic, stained glass; watercolor, gouache, pastel, and ink are often also used to create paintings.
ARCHITECTURE (Latin architectura, from Greek architekthon builder) (architecture), the art of designing and constructing buildings and other structures (also their complexes) that create material organized environment, necessary for people for their life and activities, in accordance with the purpose, modern technical capabilities and aesthetic views of society. As an art form, architecture enters the sphere of spiritual culture, aesthetically shapes the human environment, expresses social ideas in artistic images. Historical development society determines the functions and types of structures (buildings with organized internal space, structures forming open spaces, ensembles of buildings), technical structural systems, artistic structure of architectural structures. The architectural organization of the space of populated areas, the creation of cities and towns, and the regulation of settlement systems have become a special area of urban planning.
In architecture, functional, technical, and aesthetic principles (usefulness, strength, beauty) are interconnected. Purpose, functions architectural structure determine its plan and volumetric-spatial structure, construction equipment, feasibility, economic feasibility and specific means of its creation. The figurative and aesthetic principle of architecture is associated with its social function and is manifested in the formation of the volumetric-spatial and constructive structure of the structure. Expressive means of architecture: composition, tectonics, scale, proportions, rhythm, plasticity of volumes, texture and color of materials, synthesis of arts, etc. In the 2nd half of the century. social and scientific-technical changes have caused the emergence of new functions, structural systems, artistic means architecture, industrial construction methods.
Frolova Natalya
Presentation by a student for the social studies lesson "Culture"
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The work was completed by student 10 MOU class Sosnovo-Borsk Secondary School Natalia Frolova Teacher: Goloversa G.A. 2011 Painting
Painting is a type of fine art, works of art, which are created using paints applied to any hard surface. Performs ideological and cognitive tasks, and also serves as a sphere for creating objective aesthetic values.
The breadth and completeness of coverage of real reality is reflected in the abundance of genres inherent in painting, which are determined by the subject of the image: historical genre, everyday genre, battle genre, portrait, landscape, still life.
A portrait is the main task of conveying an idea of appearance person, to reveal the inner world of a person, to emphasize his individuality, psychological and emotional image.
Landscape - reproduces the surrounding world in all the diversity of its forms. Image seascape defined by the term Marinism.
Still life - depiction of household items, tools, flowers, fruits. Helps to understand the worldview and way of life of a certain era.
Historical genre - tells about historically important points life of society.
Everyday genre - reflects daily life people, character, customs, traditions of a particular ethnic group.
Iconography (translated from Greek as “prayer image”) is the main goal of guiding a person on the path of transformation.
Animalism is the image of an animal as the main character of a work of art.
The number of styles and trends is huge, if not infinite. Styles in art do not have clear boundaries; they smoothly transform into one another and are in continuous development, mixing and opposition. Within the framework of one historical artistic style, a new one is always born, and that, in turn, passes into the next. Many styles coexist at the same time and therefore there are no “pure styles” at all. Styles and directions of painting
Abstractionism (derived from the Latin abstractio - removal, distraction) is an art direction that abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. One of the goals of abstract art is to achieve harmony, create certain color combinations and geometric shapes to evoke various associations in the contemplator.
Avant-garde (derived from the French avant-garde - vanguard) is a set of experimental, modernist, emphatically unusual, exploratory endeavors in the art of the 20th century. Avant-garde movements are: fauvism, cubism, futurism, expressionism, abstract art, surrealism, actionism, pop art, conceptual art.
Academicism (from the French academisme) - a direction in European painting XVI-XIX centuries. It was based on dogmatic adherence to the external forms of classical art. Followers characterized this style as a reflection on the ancient art form ancient world and the Renaissance. Academicism complemented the traditions of ancient art, in which the image of nature was idealized, while compensating for the norm of beauty.
Actionism (from the English action art - the art of action) - happening, performance, event, process art, demonstration art and a number of other forms that emerged in avant-garde art of the 1960s. In accordance with the ideology of actionism, the artist must organize events and processes. Actionism seeks to blur the line between art and reality.
Empire (derived from the French empire - empire) - style in architecture and decorative arts originated in France in early XIX c., during the First Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. Empire style is the finale of the development of classicism. To embody majesty, sophistication, luxury, power and military strength, the Empire style is characterized by an appeal to ancient art: ancient Egyptian decorative forms (war trophies, winged sphinxes...), Etruscan vases, Pompeian painting, Greek and Roman decor, Renaissance frescoes and ornaments.
Art Nouveau (from the French art nouveau, literally - new art) is the name of the Art Nouveau style common in many countries (Belgium, France, England, USA, etc.)
Art Deco (from the French art deco, abbreviated from decoratif) is a movement in art in the mid-20th century, which marked the synthesis of avant-garde and neoclassicism, replacing constructivism. Distinctive features this direction: fatigue, geometric lines, luxury, chic, expensive materials (ivory, crocodile skin).
Baroque (derived from the Italian barocco - strange, bizarre or from the port perola barroca - an irregularly shaped pearl, there are other assumptions about the origin of this word) - artistic style in art late Renaissance. Distinctive features of this style: exaggerated sizes, broken lines, abundance of decorative details, heaviness and colossality.
Verism (from Italian il verismo, from the word vero - true, truthful) - realistic direction in Italian fine art of the late 19th century. The term arose in the 17th century, was used in fine arts and denoted a realistic stream in Baroque painting. Then the term is revived in the second half of the 19th century, being a designation (very vague and vague) of the realistic and naturalistic movements in Italian art.
Renaissance, or Renaissance (from French renaissance, Italian rinascimento) is an era in the history of European culture that replaced the culture of the Middle Ages and preceded the culture of modern times. The approximate chronological framework of the era is XIV-XVI centuries. Distinctive feature Renaissance - the secular nature of culture and its anthropocentrism (that is, interest, first of all, in man and his activities). There is an interest in ancient culture, there is, as it were, its “rebirth” - that’s how the term appeared. Painting pictures of traditional religious themes, artists began to use new artistic techniques: building a three-dimensional composition, using a landscape in the background, which allowed them to make the images more realistic and animated.
Vorticism is an English avant-garde movement founded by Wyndham Lewis in 1914. This name owes its origin to the remark of the Italian futurist Umberto Boccioni that any creativity is born from a whirlwind of feelings (in Italian - vortizto). Like Futurism, Vorticism - a sharp, angular and very dynamic style that spread in both painting and sculpture - sought to convey the process of movement.
Geometric abstractionism is a type of abstract art whose compositions are built from a limited set of regular shapes and primary colors.
Hyperrealism, photorealism, superrealism - a style in painting and sculpture based on the photorealization of an object. Hyperrealism emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century. The main goal of hyperrealism is to show reality.
Gothic (derived from Italian gotico - unusual, barbaric) - a period in development medieval art, covering almost all areas of culture and developing in the Western, Central and partly Eastern Europe from XII to XV centuries. Gothic completed the development of European medieval art, emerging on the basis of the achievements of Romanesque culture, and during the Renaissance, medieval art was considered “barbaric”
Dadaism (derived from the French dadaisme, dada - wooden horse; in figuratively- incoherent baby talk) - a modernist literary and artistic movement of 1916-1922, which is characterized by conscious irrationalism and demonstrative anti-aestheticism.
Impressionism (derived from the French impression - impression) is a movement in European painting that originated in France in the mid-19th century. The impressionists avoided any details in the drawing and tried to capture the general impression of what the eye sees at a particular moment. They achieved this effect using color and texture.
Kinetic art - (derived from the Greek kineticos - setting in motion) - flow in contemporary art, associated with the widespread use of moving objects, which is based on the idea of movement of form. The dynamics of an object means not just its physical movement, but any change, transformation, in a word, any form of “life” of the work while the viewer contemplates it.
"The Art of Painting"– a presentation on the Moscow Art Culture, which will introduce the main types and genres of painting. The presentation may be useful to a world teacher artistic culture, visual arts. Thanks to a large number illustrations, it will help make your acquaintance with the art of painting brighter and more visual.
Art of painting
Love painting, poets!
Only she, the only one, is given
Souls of changeable signs
Transfer to canvas.
Nikolay Zabolotsky
Unlike literature, painting speaks to us in an international language, understandable to anyone, provided that they want to understand this language. Of course, you can enjoy the beauty of a painting without knowing the ABCs of fine art, but I am convinced that knowledge of this ABC enriches perception, making our dialogue with a painting more meaningful and deep.
Any work of art is a combination of form and content. Form is HOW, content - WHAT. What distinguishes painting from other types of fine art is that the main means by which the painter conveys his attitude to the world around him is color. Color – this is the main language of painting. This is worth remembering when dealing with abstract art. Very good, intelligible and emotional about the impact various colors and forms on the viewer were written by Wassily Kandinsky, who is called the founder of abstract painting, in his book “On the Spiritual in Art”. I recommend getting to know each other!
Technical types of painting - oil, tempera, pastel, watercolor, gouache. Although watercolor and gouache are often classified as graphic materials. In order to obtain the desired shade of color, the painter mixes paints on a palette. Palette– a multi-valued concept. This is a special device for mixing paints and a set of colors that predominate on the artist’s canvases.
Helps bring order to the contents genres. Genre translated from French means “type”, “genus”. When we say the name of the genre, we understand what the picture is about, what its theme is. It could be nature, animals, objects, people, buildings.
You will find examples of each genre in my presentation.
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Painting as a form of art. Genres of painting. Teacher of MADOU D\s No. 17 “Shatlyk” Eliseeva Natalya Anatolyevna
Painting is a type of fine art that consists of creating paintings and canvases that most fully and life-like reflect reality. A work of art made with paints (oil, tempera, watercolor, gouache, etc.) applied to any hard surface is called painting. Main means of expression painting - color, its ability to evoke different feelings, associations, enhances the emotionality of the image. The artist usually draws up the color required for painting on a palette, and then turns the paint into color on the painting plane, creating a color order - coloring.
Painting is very ancient art, which has undergone an evolution over many centuries from Paleolithic rock paintings to the latest trends in painting of the 20th century. Painting has a wide range of possibilities for realizing ideas from realism to abstractionism. Enormous spiritual treasures have been accumulated in the course of its development. The images in the painting are very visual and convincing. Painting is capable of conveying volume and space, nature, and revealing complex world human feelings and characters, to embody universal human ideas, events of the historical past, mythological images and flights of fancy.
Types of painting decorative painting icon painting miniature theatrical and decorative Each of the types of painting is distinguished by the specifics of technical execution and solution of artistic and figurative problems. Unlike painting as an independent type of fine art, the pictorial approach (method) can be used in its other types: in drawing, graphics and even in sculpture.
Genres of painting Genres are several special features inherent in works of art, by which we distinguish one from the other.
According to the technical methods and materials used, painting can be divided into the following types: Oil Tempera Enamel Adhesive Water-based paints on wet plaster (fresco) Wax (encaustic) Painting can be single-layer, done immediately, or multi-layer, including underpainting and glazing applied to a dried paint layer transparent and translucent layers of paint.
By important means artistic expression in painting are: The construction of volume and space in painting is associated with linear and aerial perspective, spatial properties of warm and cold colors, light and shadow modeling of form, and the transfer of the overall color tone of the canvas.
Still life Still life - translated from French into Russian means “dead nature”, that is, something inanimate. In still life, artists depict various objects that surround us in life. These can be household items, for example, dishes, tools. Or what nature gives us - fruits, vegetables, flowers. Very often in still lifes we see both everyday objects and gifts of nature. In the 17th century, still life established itself as an independent genre. It reflected an interest in the material world that originated in the Dutch “painting of things” of the early 15th century. Already by end of the 19th century centuries in Russian art there is a change in semantic guidelines. To replace the artists who are known to us under the general name “Itinerants”, who do not pay special attention A galaxy of young artists came to this genre, in whose work still life occupies a dominant position. Among the works of this period, one can highlight the still life of Kharlamov “Fruit”, Konchalovsky’s “Bread on the background of a tray” and Zhukovsky’s “Snowdrops”.
portrait The first portraits appeared several thousand years ago in ancient Egypt. These were huge stone images of Egyptian pharaohs. When creating a portrait, main task the artist is true picture models. This means not only banal copying of the person being portrayed’s appearance - clothes, hairstyle, jewelry, but also transferring it inner world, character. When creating a portrait, first of all, you should pay attention to the fact that the general shape of the head (face) determines all the shapes of the details (nose, ears, eyes, mouth, etc.) and possible other remarkable features of the person, otherwise the depicted face will be fragmented , not general. This applies to both detail and color. Everything should be subordinated to the overall composition. A portrait (French word portrait) is an image of the appearance of a person, his individuality.
Animalistic genre This genre arose among primitive artists. They depicted scenes of hunting deer, mammoths, and bison. The animalistic genre came to Russia only in the 19th century. The animalistic genre combines natural science and artistic principles. Often the main task of an animal artist is the accuracy of the image of the animal. Animalistic genre (from the Latin animal - animal), a type of fine art in which the leading motif is the image of animals. The animalistic genre itself appeared in China during the Tang (8th century) and Song (13th century) periods. Artists working in animal genre are called animalists.
Battle genre The artist strives to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to show the heroism of war, and often to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings the battle genre closer to the historical one. And scenes of military life (in campaigns, barracks, camps) often connect it with everyday genre. Artists working in the battle genre are called battle painters. The battle genre (from the French bataille - battle), a genre of fine art, dedicated to topics war and military life. The main place in the battle genre is occupied by scenes of land and sea battles, military campaigns of the past and present. A. Deinek “Defense of Sevastopol”
everyday genre Everyday events introduce us to people’s lives, festivals, traditions, scenes of everyday life, work, social activities. Everyday genre, one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to the depiction of private and public life people Artists who work in the everyday genre are called genre painters.
historical genre Historical genre, one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to the reconstruction of events of the past and modern times, having historical significance. The historical genre is often intertwined with other genres - the everyday genre (the so-called historical-domestic genre), portrait (portrait-historical compositions), landscape ("historical landscape"), and the battle genre. Evolution Historical genre largely due to the development of historical views and it was finally formed along with the formation of a scientific view of history (completely only in the 18th–19th centuries).
