Presentation on the topic of Gogol's overcoat. Presentation on the topic "The Overcoat" by N.V. Gogol. "The period of the new overcoat"

Show the tragedy of the fate of the “little man” using the example of Bashmachkin’s image;

identify author's position and my own to this problem. “If you want to know something about Russia, if you are eager to understand why the chilled Germans lost their blitz (the war with the USSR), if you are interested in “ideas”, “facts”, “trends”, do not touch Gogol. The backbreaking work of learning the Russian language, necessary in order to read it, will not be paid for with the usual coin. Don't touch him, don't touch him. He has nothing to tell you. Stay away from the tracks. There's high voltage there."

V. Nabokov

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Slide captions:

N. V. Gogol “The Overcoat” The theme of the “little man” in the story

Purpose: To show the tragedy of the fate of the “little man” using the example of Bashmachkin’s image; identify the author’s position and your own on this issue.

“The most mysterious figure in Russian literature” “If you want to know something about Russia, if you are eager to understand why the chilled Germans lost their blitz (the war with the USSR), if you are interested in “ideas”, “facts”, “trends”, don’t touch Gogol. The backbreaking work of learning the Russian language, necessary in order to read it, will not be paid for with the usual coin. Don't touch him, don't touch him. He has nothing to tell you. Stay away from the tracks. There's high voltage there." V. Nabokov

Epigraph The whole world is against me: How great I am!... M.Yu. Lermontov “We ​​all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat”” F.M. Dostoevsky

Why depict poverty... and the imperfections of our life, digging people out of life, from the remote corners of the state? ... no, there is a time when it is otherwise impossible to direct society and even a generation towards the beautiful until you show the full depth of its real abomination to N.V. Gogol

“ON THE WAY TO A LIVING SOUL.”

Parable about a man On a hot summer day, the ancient Athenians saw Demosthenes in the square with a burning lantern in his hands. “What are you looking for?” they asked. “I’m looking for a man,” answered Demosthenes and continued on his way. After a while, the Athenians again turned to Demosthenes: “So what are you looking for, Demosthenes?” -I'm looking for a person... -Who: him, me..? - I'm looking for Che-lo-ve-ka!

So what does it mean to be Human? How is a person different from a thing? Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his story “The Overcoat” will help us answer these and other questions.

How through the story “The Overcoat” the writer sought the path to a living soul. -Can a soul be dead? - No, the soul is immortal. - Well, if she is “dead,” it means she is closed to light, love, and goodness. Such “stillborn” characters inhabit Gogol’s poem. The writer did not find a counterweight to them in life, which is why he burned the second volume of “Dead Souls.” The consciousness of this drove Gogol to madness. The thought of a person into whose soul God breathed, and whose fate is often determined by the devil, apparently did not leave Gogol. “Petersburg Tales” is, in fact, dedicated to this topic.

“Petersburg Tales” is a new step in the development of Russian realism. This cycle includes the stories: “Nevsky Prospekt”, “The Nose”, “Portrait”, “Stroller”, “Notes of a Madman” and “Overcoat”. The writer worked on the cycle between 1835 and 1842. The stories are united by a common place of events - St. Petersburg. Petersburg, however, is not only the place of action, but also a kind of hero of these stories, in which Gogol depicts life in its various manifestations. Usually writers, talking about St. Petersburg life, covered the life and characters of the nobility, the elite metropolitan society. Gogol was attracted to petty officials, artisans (tailor Petrovich), poor artists, “little people” unsettled by life. Instead of palaces and rich houses, the reader in Gogol's stories sees city shacks in which the poor live.

« little man“- this is a person humiliated, defenseless, lonely, powerless, forgotten (by everyone, and if one can say so, by fate), pitiful. - In literary encyclopedic dictionary we find the following definition: “little man” in literature is a designation for rather heterogeneous heroes, united by the fact that they occupy one of the lowest places in the social hierarchy and that this circumstance determines their psychology and social behavior (humiliation, combined with a sense of injustice, wounded by pride "

The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme. N. M. Karamzin “ Poor Lisa” - in the center of the story is a simple, uneducated peasant girl; We are instilled with the idea that “even peasant women know how to love!” A. S. Pushkin “ Stationmaster” - poor fourteenth grade official Samson Vyrin has no rights in life, and even the only reason for his existence - his beloved daughter - is taken away from him by the powers that be. A. S. Pushkin “ Bronze Horseman” - main character- unfortunate, destitute Eugene, whose poverty destroyed both character and mind, made thoughts and dreams insignificant. All these works are full of love and sympathy of the authors for their heroes. Gogol develops the traditions of great Russian writers in the depiction of the “little man”).

The plot of the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat".

What is main topic the story “The Overcoat”? The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme.

And the hero is of small rank, “short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, even somewhat blind in appearance, with a small bald spot on his forehead.”

How is the typical character and situation emphasized? “... served in one department,” “... when and at what time he entered the department... no one could remember this,” “one official...” - all these phrases show not the exclusivity, unusualness of the situation and the hero, but their typicality. Akaki Akakievich is one of many; There were thousands like him - officials that no one needed.

What personality is in front of us? Describe the image of the main character. The name “Akaky” translated from Greek means “kindly”, and the hero has the same patronymic, that is, the fate of this person was already predetermined: this was his father, grandfather, etc. He lives without prospects, does not recognize himself as an individual, sees the meaning of life in copying papers...

The department showed no respect for him, and the young officials laughed and joked at him, poured small pieces of torn papers on his head... And one day the joke was too unbearable, he said: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?” And there was something strange in the words and in the voice in which they were spoken. In these penetrating words others rang: “I am your brother!” And since then, as if everything had changed before me and appeared in a different form, often, among the most cheerful moments, a short official with a bald spot on his forehead appeared to me with his penetrating words: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?”...

What did the acquisition of an overcoat mean for Bashmachkin? What lengths does he go to for this? For Akaki Akakievich, the overcoat is not a luxury, but a hard-won necessity. The purchase of an overcoat colors his life with new colors. This would seem to humiliate him, but what he goes to for this changes the entire habitual “coordinate system” in our minds. For every “ruble spent,” he put a penny into a small box; in addition to this saving, he stopped drinking tea and lighting candles in the evenings, and, walking along the pavement, he stepped on tiptoes, “so as not to wear out the soles”... Also, when he came home, I immediately took off my underwear so that it wouldn’t wear out, and sat in a shabby robe. You could say he LIVED the dream of a new overcoat.

No one in this world wanted to help him, did not support the protest against injustice

For what purpose does Gogol introduce a fantastic ending? Bashmachkin does not die because of the theft of his overcoat, he dies because of the rudeness, indifference and cynicism of the world around him. The ghost of Akaki Akakievich acts as an avenger for his unlucky life. This is a rebellion, although it can be called a “rebellion on the knees.” The author strives to evoke in the reader a feeling of protest against absurd living conditions and a feeling of pain for the humiliation of human dignity. Gogol does not want to give a consoling ending, does not want to calm the reader’s conscience.

If the writer had punished the Significant Person, it would have been a boring moral tale; If I forced him to be reborn, it would be a lie; and he superbly chose the fantastic form of the moment when vulgarity became clear for a moment...

Gogol appeals to a living soul, because most often there are pig snouts around, as in the nightmare of the hero of the comedy “The Inspector General”. Scary from dead souls. From Chekhov’s story “Gooseberry”: “It is necessary that behind everyone’s door happy person someone stood with a hammer and reminded us of the unfortunate and disadvantaged, of the vulgarity in our lives, of the “little people.”

The story would have made the most hopeless impression, if not for the light emanating from the most wretched, worn-out, insignificant. How not to remember the Gospel: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.” Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the Earth. Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.”

Christ is on the cross, and below there is an infinite number of people, some of whom have not even been discharged. Huge number ball heads, such human caviar. Here Akaki Akakievich is human caviar, the basis of future life. Before our eyes, Gogol grows a man from eggs. For Bashmachkin, the new overcoat became Vera. He was happy with his shabby hood. Well, yes, it’s worn out and leaky, but it can be patched up. That is, he wanted to preserve himself in the old faith. But he had a Teacher, tailor Petrovich. And Petrovich was firm: it is necessary not to patch up the old, but to create a new one. And he forced Akaki Akakievich to reconsider his beliefs. And only the brave are capable of this. He went through incredible hardships to build Something New. Bashmachkin doesn’t just put on his overcoat, he enters it as if he were entering a Temple. And becomes a different person. He walks down the street differently, goes to visit... But he was killed. The people living next to him killed him. Not only the Significant Person, but also his colleagues, mocking his love for the beauty of letters. And he kept telling them: “I am your brother!” As in the Bible: “Love your neighbor as yourself!”, “So in everything, as you want people to do to you, do so to them!”

What is there to talk about? Not a bad path. Everyone forgot about heaven. He who has loved has no time for sin. And we sin. Haven't fallen in love yet. Hieromona x Roman

Sinkwine 1 line: Who? What? (1 noun) Line 2: Which one? (2 adjectives) Line 3: What does it do? (3 verbs) Line 4: What does the author think about the topic? (phrase of 4 words) Line 5: Who? What? (New sound of the theme) (1 noun)

Homework A written answer to the question “What moral problems Gogol raises in the story “The Overcoat”?


Slide 2

Target:

Show the tragedy of the fate of the “little man” using the example of Bashmachkin’s image; identify the author’s position and your own on this issue.

Slide 3

“the most mysterious figure in Russian literature”

“If you want to know something about Russia, if you are eager to understand why the chilled Germans lost their blitz (the war with the USSR), if you are interested in “ideas”, “facts”, “trends”, do not touch Gogol. The backbreaking work of learning the Russian language, necessary in order to read it, will not be paid for with the usual coin. Don't touch him, don't touch him. He has nothing to tell you. Stay away from the tracks. There's high voltage there." V. Nabokov

Slide 4

Epigraph

The whole world is against me: How great I am!... M.Yu. Lermontov “We ​​all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat”” F.M. Dostoevsky

Slide 5

Why depict poverty... and the imperfections of our lives, digging people out of life, from the remote corners of the state? ...no, there is a time when it is otherwise impossible to direct society and even a generation towards the beautiful until you show the full depth of its real abomination to N.V. Gogol

Slide 6

“ON THE WAY TO A LIVING SOUL.”

  • Slide 7

    Parable about a man

    On a hot summer day, the ancient Athenians saw Demosthenes in the square with a burning lantern in his hands. “What are you looking for?” they asked. “I’m looking for a man,” answered Demosthenes and continued on his way. After a while, the Athenians again turned to Demosthenes: “So what are you looking for, Demosthenes?” -I'm looking for a person... -Who: him, me..? - I'm looking for Che-lo-ve-ka!

    Slide 8

    So what does it mean to be Human? How is a person different from a thing? Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his story “The Overcoat” will help us answer these and other questions.

    Slide 9

    How, through the story “The Overcoat,” the writer sought the path to a living soul.

    Can a soul be dead? - No, the soul is immortal. - Well, if she is “dead,” it means she is closed to light, love, and goodness. Such “stillborn” characters inhabit Gogol’s poem. The writer did not find a counterweight to them in life, which is why he burned the second volume of “Dead Souls.” The consciousness of this drove Gogol to madness. The thought of a person into whose soul God breathed, and whose fate is often determined by the devil, apparently did not leave Gogol. “Petersburg Tales” is, in fact, dedicated to this topic.

    Slide 10

    “Petersburg Tales”

    a new step in the development of Russian realism. This cycle includes the stories: “Nevsky Prospekt”, “The Nose”, “Portrait”, “Stroller”, “Notes of a Madman” and “Overcoat”. The writer worked on the cycle between 1835 and 1842. The stories are united by a common place of events - St. Petersburg. Petersburg, however, is not only the place of action, but also a kind of hero of these stories, in which Gogol depicts life in its various manifestations. Typically, writers, when talking about St. Petersburg life, illuminated the life and characters of the nobility, the top of the capital's society. Gogol was attracted to petty officials, artisans (tailor Petrovich), poor artists, “little people” unsettled by life. Instead of palaces and rich houses, the reader in Gogol's stories sees city shacks in which the poor live.

    Slide 11

    "little man"

    This is a humiliated person, defenseless, lonely, powerless, forgotten (by everyone, and if one can say so, by fate), pitiful. - In the literary encyclopedic dictionary we find the following definition: “little man” in literature is a designation for rather heterogeneous heroes, united by the fact that they occupy one of the lowest places in the social hierarchy and that this circumstance determines their psychology and social behavior (humiliation combined with a feeling of injustice, wounded pride.”

    Slide 12

    The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme.

    N. M. Karamzin “Poor Liza” - in the center of the story is a simple, uneducated peasant girl; We are instilled with the idea that “even peasant women know how to love!” A. S. Pushkin “Station Warden” - poor official of the fourteenth grade Samson Vyrin has no rights in life, and even the only reason for his existence - his beloved daughter - is taken away from him by the powers that be. A. S. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman” - the main character is the unfortunate, destitute Eugene, whose poverty destroyed both character and mind, made thoughts and dreams insignificant. All these works are full of love and sympathy of the authors for their heroes. Gogol develops the traditions of great Russian writers in the depiction of the “little man”).

    Slide 13

    The plot of the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat".

  • Slide 14

    What is the main theme of the story “The Overcoat”?

    The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme.

    Slide 15

    And the hero is of small rank, “short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, even somewhat blind in appearance, with a small bald spot on his forehead.”

    Slide 16

    How is the typical character and situation emphasized?

    “... served in one department,” “... when and at what time he entered the department... no one could remember this,” “one official...” - all these phrases show not the exclusivity, unusualness of the situation and the hero, but their typicality. Akaki Akakievich is one of many; there were thousands like him - unnecessary officials.

    Slide 17

    What personality is in front of us? Describe the image of the main character.

    The name “Akaky” translated from Greek means “kindly”, and the hero has the same patronymic, that is, the fate of this person was already predetermined: this was his father, grandfather, etc. He lives without prospects, does not recognize himself as an individual, sees the meaning of life in copying papers...

    Slide 18

    The department showed no respect for him, and the young officials laughed and joked at him, poured small pieces of torn papers on his head... And one day the joke was too unbearable, he said: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?” And there was something strange in the words and in the voice in which they were spoken. In these penetrating words others rang: “I am your brother!” And since then, as if everything had changed before me and appeared in a different form, often, among the most cheerful moments, a short official with a bald spot on his forehead appeared to me with his penetrating words: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?”...

    Slide 19

    What did the acquisition of an overcoat mean for Bashmachkin? What lengths does he go to for this?

    For Akaki Akakievich, the overcoat is not a luxury, but a hard-won necessity. The purchase of an overcoat colors his life with new colors. This would seem to humiliate him, but what he goes to for this changes the entire habitual “coordinate system” in our minds. For every “ruble spent,” he put a penny into a small box; in addition to this saving, he stopped drinking tea and lighting candles in the evenings, and, walking along the pavement, he stepped on tiptoes, “so as not to wear out the soles”... Also, when he came home, I immediately took off my underwear so that it wouldn’t wear out, and sat in a shabby robe. You could say he LIVED the dream of a new overcoat.

    Slide 20

    Slide 21

    Slide 22

    No one in this world wanted to help him, did not support the protest against injustice

    Slide 23

    For what purpose does Gogol introduce a fantastic ending?

    Bashmachkin does not die because of the theft of his overcoat, he dies because of the rudeness, indifference and cynicism of the world around him. The ghost of Akaki Akakievich acts as an avenger for his unlucky life. This is a rebellion, although it can be called a “rebellion on the knees.” The author strives to evoke in the reader a feeling of protest against absurd living conditions and a feeling of pain for the humiliation of human dignity. Gogol does not want to give a consoling ending, does not want to calm the reader’s conscience.

    Slide 24

    If the writer had punished the Significant Person, it would have been a boring moral tale; If I forced him to be reborn, it would be a lie; and he superbly chose the fantastic form of the moment when vulgarity became clear for a moment...

    Slide 25

    Gogol appeals to a living soul, because most often there are pig snouts around, as in the nightmare of the hero of the comedy “The Inspector General”. Scary from dead souls. Words from Chekhov’s story “Gooseberry”: “It is necessary that behind the door of every happy person there should be someone with a hammer and remind them of the unfortunate and disadvantaged, of the vulgarity in our lives, of the “little people.”

    Slide 26

    The story would have made the most hopeless impression, if not for the light emanating from the most wretched, worn-out, insignificant. How not to remember the Gospel: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the Earth. Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.”

    Slide 27

    Christ is on the cross, and below there is an infinite number of people, some of whom have not even been discharged. A huge number of ball heads, like human caviar. Here Akaki Akakievich is human caviar, the basis of future life. Before our eyes, Gogol grows a man from eggs. For Bashmachkin, the new overcoat became Vera. He was happy with his shabby hood. Well, yes, it’s worn out and leaky, but it can be patched up. That is, he wanted to preserve himself in the old faith. But he had a Teacher, tailor Petrovich. And Petrovich was firm: it is necessary not to patch up the old, but to create a new one. And he forced Akaki Akakievich to reconsider his beliefs. And only the brave are capable of this. He went through incredible hardships to build Something New. Bashmachkin doesn’t just put on his overcoat, he enters it as if he were entering a Temple. And becomes a different person. He walks down the street differently, goes to visit... But he was killed. The people living next to him killed him. Not only the Significant Person, but also his colleagues, mocking his love for the beauty of letters. And he kept telling them: “I am your brother!” As in the Bible: “Love your neighbor as yourself!”, “So in everything, as you want people to do to you, do so to them!”

    Slide 28

    What is there to talk about? Not a bad path. Everyone forgot about heaven. He who has loved has no time for sin. And we sin. Haven't fallen in love yet. Hieromonk Roman

    Slide 29

    Sinkwine

    Line 1: Who? What? (1 noun) Line 2: Which one? (2 adjectives) Line 3: What does it do? (3 verbs) Line 4: What does the author think about the topic? (phrase of 4 words) Line 5: Who? What? (New sound of the theme) (1 noun)

    Slide 30

    Homework

    A written answer to the question “What moral problems does Gogol raise in the story “The Overcoat”?

    View all slides

    The riddle of the name of the main character of N.V. Gogol’s story “The Overcoat” Author Tatyana Anatolyevna Parfenyuk, teacher of Russian language and literature of the budgetary educational institution in Omsk “Secondary” secondary school No. 31 s in-depth study individual items"

    "Pedagogical world"

    The riddle of the name of the main character of N.V. Gogol’s story “The Overcoat” Many writers of the 18th – 19th centuries in their works gave the characters “speaking” names and surnames. This satirical device they used it as a means of characterizing the hero. N.V. Gogol also often named his characters so that the reader could better understand the character. It can be assumed that unusual name the hero of the story “The Overcoat” Akakiy Akakievich Bashmachkin was given to him for a reason. The “little man” on the pages of Gogol’s story Akaki Akakievich is a pitiful little man who could have lived his miserable life calmly and happily (!). He is happy at the beginning of the story: mindlessly rewriting, but filled with a love for letters. Akaki Akakievich is absorbed in his letters, like a child. He even goes to bed, “smiling in advance at the thought of tomorrow“Only children fall asleep this way. And in this sense, he is an absolutely harmonious person. “The Little Man” on the pages of Gogol’s story Immediately after “The Overcoat” appeared large number literary works, in which writers also began to talk about the oppressed “little man”; It seemed to them that if other conditions were created, the little man would reveal himself in all his human beauty. But this did not happen to Akaki Akakievich. He is happy and harmonious only in his own little world, in his own circle. As soon as Gogol takes him out of this state into another circle, he dies, since he is not able to live there. The dream of a new overcoat is the meaning of the hero’s life. The usual regularity of life is disrupted by an unforeseen incident - the need to buy a new overcoat. The life of the poor official is now completely changing: he has a dream that fills his existence with meaning - a dream of a new overcoat. When the dream came true, Akakiy Akakievich was robbed that same evening on the street, and after visiting “ significant person ” and his “proper scolding” died of fear and grief. What is the cause of the tragedy? There are very important words in the Gospel with which we can explain the cause of the tragedy that happened to Akaki Akakievich: “where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” Akaki Akakievich could not stand the shock when his overcoat was stolen, because it was his only treasure. Another treasure were the letters. But he exchanged the letters for an overcoat. That is why, with the loss of his overcoat, the meaning of life is lost for him - and he dies. Last name - Bashmachkin All men in the family wore boots: “both father, and grandfather, and even brother-in-law.” They lived contrary to their surname, and Akaki Akakievich lived to match his name. Shoe - low, closed footwear for the street, often rough, heavy and uncomfortable. It was impossible to find more indecent shoes than shoes. So Gogol’s surname determined the status of the main character. Moreover, it was formed not even from the word “shoe”, but from the word “shoe” - “to a little person” and a surname with a diminutive suffix. Name - Akaki Akakievich When he was born, his mother offered many names to choose from: Mokkiy, Sossiy, Khozdazat, Trifiliy, Dula, Varakhasiy, Pavsikahiy and Vakhtisiy. But these names were so strange that she decided: “... let it be better for him to be called like his father. The father was Akaki, so let the son be Akaki.” Poor Akakiy Akakievich didn’t even get a proper name. The core of Akaki Akakievich’s existence is rewriting. Therefore, the name can be perceived as the result of rewriting - his favorite pastime. They took the father’s name: Akakiy - they rewrote it, and it turned out: Akakiy Akakievich. As if fate itself had doomed him to a miserable and faceless existence. Peculiarities of speech and name Akaki Akakievich’s speech was confused and confused. This is a speech devoid of meaning, as insignificant as its owner himself was. One of the most striking signs of the hero’s speech and the narrative as a whole is the very frequent repetition of the root “how”. The abundance of “how” particles turns into one continuous question-cry: “How is this possible?!” How?!” The meaning of the name Akakiy and the character of Bashmachkin The name “Akakiy” means “innocence, innocent, gentle, good-natured, not doing evil.” And in Gogol’s hero this quality is doubled by his patronymic. Therefore, we can say that he is the most innocent, the most good-natured. Already in the time of Gogol, the name Akaki was rarely used; holy martyrs and the most devout priests were called by this name. The holy martyrs received the name Akakios posthumously, which directly indicated their suffering without guilt. The Legend of the Venerable Akakios of Sinai and the Characters of the Story “The Overcoat” The legend of the Venerable Akakios of Sinai, who lived in the 6th century and was a novice in a monastery, is known. The humble monk was distinguished by patience and unquestioning obedience to his elder, who forced the monk to work exorbitantly, starved him, and beat him mercilessly. The Monk Akaki meekly endured adversity and thanked God for everything. After some time, Saint Akakios died. The elder told another elder about the death of his student, who did not believe that the young monk had died. Then the teacher Akaki called this elder to the grave and asked loudly: “Brother Akaki, are you dead?” A voice came from the grave: “No, father, he is not dead; he who endures obedience cannot die.” The amazed elder fell with tears in front of the tomb, asking for forgiveness from his disciple. After this, he changed his disposition, shut himself up in a cell near the burial of Saint Akakios, and ended his life in prayer and meekness. The legend of St. Akaki of Sinai and the characters of the story “The Overcoat” This legend was cited in “The Ladder” by St. John Climacus as an example of patience, obedience and reward for them. The images of Akaki Akakievich and the “significant person” closely echo the images of Saint Akaki and the “unrighteous elder.” Most likely, this similarity is not accidental: when giving the name to his hero, N.V. Gogol remembered the legend of John the Climacus. The Legend of St. Akaki of Sinai and the characters of the story “The Overcoat” Just as the unrighteous elder is a persecutor of Saint Akaki, who is in his obedience, so Akaki Akakievich is subordinate to the “significant person,” and the “significant person” appears in the finale as his persecutor. Just as in the life of Saint Akakios there is an awakening of the conscience of the “unrighteous elder” under the influence of a conversation with the deceased novice Akakios, so the “significant person” changes greatly in better side after meeting with the “living dead” Akaki Akakievich. Conclusion At the beginning of our research, we assumed that the name Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin is a means of characterizing its bearer; it contains deep semantic and emotional content. We believe that we have managed to unravel the mystery of the name of Gogol’s hero. Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed. Sources of information and illustrations 1. Gogol N.V. Overcoat - M: Children's literature, 1995 2. Norshtein Yu. B. Crazy poems, or The noise of a pine tree on sumyo - http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/6408601 3. Kulikova L. M. Akakiy Akakievich. In defense of the name - http://zhurnal.lib.ru/k/kulikowa_l_m/cakakijdoc.shtml 4. Venerable Akakios of Sinai http://www.mospat.ru/calendar/svyat1/nov29-akaki.html 5. Complete Orthodox namebook - http://supercook.ru/name-imenoslov.html?d49fa180 6. Let's talk about magic? – http://lib.rin.ru/doc/i/189115p27.html 7. http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/3830109/post203277143/ 8. http://www.clir.ru/blogs/latest-274.html

    Slide 1

    Slide 2

    Purpose: To show the tragedy of the fate of the “little man” using the example of Bashmachkin’s image; identify the author’s position and your own on this issue.

    Slide 3

    “the most mysterious figure in Russian literature” “If you want to know something about Russia, if you are eager to understand why the chilled Germans lost their blitz (the war with the USSR), if you are interested in “ideas”, “facts”, “trends” , don't touch Gogol. The backbreaking work of learning the Russian language, necessary in order to read it, will not be paid for with the usual coin. Don't touch him, don't touch him. He has nothing to tell you. Stay away from the tracks. There's high voltage there." V. Nabokov

    Slide 4

    Epigraph The whole world is against me: How great I am!... M.Yu. Lermontov “We ​​all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat”” F.M. Dostoevsky

    Slide 5

    Why depict poverty... and the imperfections of our lives, digging people out of life, from the remote corners of the state? ...no, there is a time when it is otherwise impossible to direct society and even a generation towards the beautiful until you show the full depth of its real abomination to N.V. Gogol

    Slide 6

    Slide 7

    Parable about a man On a hot summer day, the ancient Athenians saw Demosthenes in the square with a burning lantern in his hands. “What are you looking for?” they asked. “I’m looking for a man,” answered Demosthenes and continued on his way. After a while, the Athenians again turned to Demosthenes: “So what are you looking for, Demosthenes?” -I'm looking for a person... -Who: him, me..? - I'm looking for Che-lo-ve-ka!

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    So what does it mean to be Human? How is a person different from a thing? Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his story “The Overcoat” will help us answer these and other questions.

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    How, through the story “The Overcoat,” the writer sought the path to a living soul. -Can a soul be dead? - No, the soul is immortal. - Well, if she is “dead,” it means she is closed to light, love, and goodness. Such “stillborn” characters inhabit Gogol’s poem. The writer did not find a counterweight to them in life, which is why he burned the second volume of “Dead Souls.” The consciousness of this drove Gogol to madness. The thought of a person into whose soul God breathed, and whose fate is often determined by the devil, apparently did not leave Gogol. “Petersburg Tales” is, in fact, dedicated to this topic.

    Slide 10

    “Petersburg Tales” is a new step in the development of Russian realism. This cycle includes the stories: “Nevsky Prospekt”, “The Nose”, “Portrait”, “Stroller”, “Notes of a Madman” and “Overcoat”. The writer worked on the cycle between 1835 and 1842. The stories are united by a common place of events - St. Petersburg. Petersburg, however, is not only the place of action, but also a kind of hero of these stories, in which Gogol depicts life in its various manifestations. Typically, writers, when talking about St. Petersburg life, illuminated the life and characters of the nobility, the top of the capital's society. Gogol was attracted to petty officials, artisans (tailor Petrovich), poor artists, “little people” unsettled by life. Instead of palaces and rich houses, the reader in Gogol's stories sees city shacks in which the poor live.

    Slide 11

    “little man” is a humiliated person, defenseless, lonely, powerless, forgotten (by everyone, and, if I may say so, by fate), pitiful. - In the literary encyclopedic dictionary we find the following definition: “little man” in literature is a designation for rather heterogeneous heroes, united by the fact that they occupy one of the lowest places in the social hierarchy and that this circumstance determines their psychology and social behavior (humiliation combined with a feeling of injustice, wounded pride.”

    Slide 12

    The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme. N. M. Karamzin “Poor Liza” - in the center of the story is a simple, uneducated peasant girl; We are instilled with the idea that “even peasant women know how to love!” A. S. Pushkin “Station Warden” - poor official of the fourteenth grade Samson Vyrin has no rights in life, and even the only reason for his existence - his beloved daughter - is taken away from him by the powers that be. A. S. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman” - the main character is the unfortunate, destitute Eugene, whose poverty destroyed both character and mind, made thoughts and dreams insignificant. All these works are full of love and sympathy of the authors for their heroes. Gogol develops the traditions of great Russian writers in the depiction of the “little man”).

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    What is the main theme of the story “The Overcoat”? The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; “little man” theme.

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    And the hero is of small rank, “short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, even somewhat blind in appearance, with a small bald spot on his forehead.”

    Slide 16

    How is the typical character and situation emphasized? “... served in one department,” “... when and at what time he entered the department... no one could remember this,” “one official...” - all these phrases show not the exclusivity, unusualness of the situation and the hero, but their typicality. Akaki Akakievich is one of many; there were thousands like him - unnecessary officials.

    Slide 17

    What personality is in front of us? Describe the image of the main character. The name “Akaky” translated from Greek means “kindly”, and the hero has the same patronymic, that is, the fate of this person was already predetermined: this was his father, grandfather, etc. He lives without prospects, does not recognize himself as an individual, sees the meaning of life in copying papers...

    Slide 18

    The department showed no respect for him, and the young officials laughed and joked at him, poured small pieces of torn papers on his head... And one day the joke was too unbearable, he said: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?” And there was something strange in the words and in the voice in which they were spoken. In these penetrating words others rang: “I am your brother!” And since then, as if everything had changed before me and appeared in a different form, often, among the most cheerful moments, a short official with a bald spot on his forehead appeared to me with his penetrating words: “Leave me alone, why are you offending me?”...

    Slide 19

    What did the acquisition of an overcoat mean for Bashmachkin? What lengths does he go to for this? For Akaki Akakievich, the overcoat is not a luxury, but a hard-won necessity. The purchase of an overcoat colors his life with new colors. This would seem to humiliate him, but what he goes to for this changes the entire habitual “coordinate system” in our minds. For every “ruble spent,” he put a penny into a small box; in addition to this saving, he stopped drinking tea and lighting candles in the evenings, and, walking along the pavement, he stepped on tiptoes, “so as not to wear out the soles”... Also, when he came home, I immediately took off my underwear so that it wouldn’t wear out, and sat in a shabby robe. You could say he LIVED the dream of a new overcoat.

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    No one in this world wanted to help him, did not support the protest against injustice

    Slide 23

    For what purpose does Gogol introduce a fantastic ending? Bashmachkin does not die because of the theft of his overcoat, he dies because of the rudeness, indifference and cynicism of the world around him. The ghost of Akaki Akakievich acts as an avenger for his unlucky life. This is a rebellion, although it can be called a “rebellion on the knees.” The author strives to evoke in the reader a feeling of protest against absurd living conditions and a feeling of pain for the humiliation of human dignity. Gogol does not want to give a consoling ending, does not want to calm the reader’s conscience.

    Slide 24

    If the writer had punished the Significant Person, it would have been a boring moral tale; If I forced him to be reborn, it would be a lie; and he superbly chose the fantastic form of the moment when vulgarity became clear for a moment...


    "Little Man"

    In the story by N.V. Gogol

    "Overcoat"


    At the tailor's

    Bashmachkin brought his overcoat for repairs...


    Despite the fact that "The Overcoat" was released almost simultaneously with central work Gogol " Dead Souls"(1842), she did not remain in the shadows. The story made a strong impression on his contemporaries. Belinsky, who apparently read “The Overcoat” in manuscript, said that it was “one of Gogol’s most profound creations.” Known catchphrase: “We all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat”.” This phrase was recorded by the French writer Melchior de Vogüe from the words of a Russian writer. Unfortunately, Vogüe did not say who his interlocutor was. Most likely, Dostoevsky, but it was suggested that Turgenev could also say this. One way or another, the phrase aphoristically accurately characterizes Gogol’s influence on Russian literature, which mastered the theme of the “little man” and deepened its humanistic pathos.


    Subject. Issues. Conflict

    In the "Overcoat" rises topic "little man"- one of the constants in Russian literature. Pushkin was the first to touch on this topic. His little people are Samson Vyrin (“Station Warden”). Evgeniy (“The Bronze Horseman”). Like Pushkin, Gogol reveals in the most prosaic character the capacity for love, self-denial, and selfless defense of his ideal.


    In the story “The Overcoat” Gogol raises social, moral and philosophical problems. On the one hand, the writer sharply criticizes the society that turns a person into Akaki Akakievich, protesting against the world of those who “taunted and made jokes to their heart’s content” over “eternal titular advisers”, over those whose salary does not exceed four hundred rubles a year . But on the other hand, Gogol’s appeal to all humanity with a passionate appeal to pay attention to the “little people” who live next to us is much more significant. After all, Akaki Akakievich fell ill and died not only and not so much because his overcoat was stolen. The cause of his death was that he I did not find support and sympathy from people.


    Conflict the little man's peace is caused by the fact that his only property is taken away from him.

    The stationmaster loses his daughter.

    Evgeniy - beloved.

    Akaki Akakievich - overcoat. Gogol intensifies the conflict: for Akaki Akakievich the goal and meaning of life becomes a thing. However, the author not only reduces, but also elevates his hero.


    The portrait of Akaki Akakievich is drawn by Gogol as emphatically unfinished, half-embodied, illusory; the integrity of Akaki Akakievich must subsequently be restored with the help of an overcoat. The birth of Akaki Akakievich builds a model of the illogical and grandiose cosmic Gogolian world, where it is not real time and space that operate, but poetic eternity and man in the face of Fate.

    At the same time, this birth is mystical mirror of death Akaki Akakievich: the mother who had just given birth to Akaki Akakievich is called by Gogol a “dead woman” and an “old woman”; Akaki Akakievich himself “made such a grimace” as if he had a presentiment that he would be an “eternal titular adviser”; the baptism of Akaki Akakievich, taking place immediately after birth and at home, and not in church, is more reminiscent of a funeral service for a deceased person than the christening of a baby; Akaki Akakievich’s father also turns out to be, as it were, an eternal dead man (“The father was Akaki, so let the son be Akaki”).


    The key to the image of Akaki Akakievich is the hidden Gogolian opposition between the “external” and “internal” man. “External” is a tongue-tied, homely, stupid copyist, not even able to “change verbs here and there from the first person to the third,” slurping his cabbage soup with flies, “not noticing their taste at all,” dutifully enduring the bullying of officials who pour “on his head give him pieces of paper, calling it snow.”

    The “inner” person seems to say the imperishable: "I am your brother". In the eternal world, Akaki Akakievich is an ascetic ascetic, a “silent man” and a martyr; having secluded himself from temptations and sinful passions, he carries out the mission of personal salvation, as if he bears the sign of chosenness. In the world of letters, Akaki Akakievich finds happiness, pleasure, harmony, here he is completely satisfied with his lot, for he serves God: “Having written to his heart’s content, he went to bed, smiling at the thought of tomorrow: will God send something to rewrite tomorrow?”



    The St. Petersburg northern frost becomes a devilish temptation, which Akaki Akakievich is unable to overcome (the old overcoat, mockingly called the hood by officials, has become leaky). Tailor Petrovich, flatly refusing to renew Akakiy Akakievich’s old overcoat, acts as a demon-tempter. The brand new overcoat that Akaki Akakievich dresses in symbolically means as the gospel “robe of salvation”,“light clothes”, and the female hypostasis of his personality, making up for his incompleteness: the overcoat is the “eternal idea”, “life friend”, “bright guest”. The ascetic and recluse Akaki Akakievich is overcome by love fervor and sinful fever. However, the overcoat turns out to be a mistress for one night, forcing Akakiy Akakievich to make a number of irreparable fatal mistakes, pushing him out of the blissful state of closed happiness into the alarming outside world, into the circle of officials and the night street. Akaki Akakievich, thus, betrays the “inner” person in himself, preferring the “external”, vain, subject to human passions and vicious inclinations.



    The disastrous thought of a warm overcoat and its acquisition dramatically change the entire lifestyle and character of Akaki Akakievich.

    He almost makes mistakes while rewriting.

    Breaking his habits, he agrees to go to a party with an official. In Akaki Akakievich, moreover, the ladies' man wakes up, rushing in pursuit of a lady, “whose every part of her body was filled with extraordinary movement.”

    Akakiy Akakievich drinks champagne and gorges himself on “vinaigrette, cold veal, pate, pastry pies.”

    He even betrays his favorite business, and the retribution for betraying his career was not slow to overtake him: the robbers “took off his greatcoat, gave him a kick with their knee, and he fell backwards into the snow and felt nothing anymore.”

    Akaki Akakievich loses all his quiet meekness, commits actions that are out of character for him, he demands understanding and help from the world, actively advances, achieves his goal.



    On the advice of officials, Akakiy Akakievich goes to a “significant person.” The clash with the general occurs just when Akaki Akakievich ceases to be an “inner” person. Immediately after the threatening cry of the “significant person,” Akaki Akakievich was “carried out almost without moving.”

    Leaving this life, Bashmachkin rebels: he “ blasphemed foully, uttering terrible words,” following "immediately after the word 'Your Excellency'."

    After death, Akakiy Akakievich changes places with a “significant person” and, in turn, carries out Last Judgment, where there is no place for ranks and titles, both the general and the titular councilor equally answer to the Supreme Judge.

    Akaki Akakievich appears at night as an ominous ghost-dead man “in the form of an official looking for some kind of stolen overcoat.” The ghost of Akakiy Akakievich calmed down and disappeared only when a “significant person” came into his hand, justice seemed to have triumphed, Akakiy Akakievich seemed to have carried out God’s terrible punishment and put on the general’s overcoat.


    Fantastic ending works are a utopian implementation of the idea of ​​justice. Instead of the submissive Akaki Akakievich, a formidable avenger appears, instead of a formidable “significant person” - a face that has become more mature and softened.

    But in fact, this ending is disappointing: there is a feeling of the world being abandoned by God. Immortal soul gripped by a thirst for vengeance and forced to take this vengeance herself.


    The famous little man Bashmachkin remained, in general, a mystery to the reader. All that is known for sure about him is that he is small. Not kind, not smart, not noble, Bashmachkin is just a representative of humanity. The most ordinary representative, a biological individual. You can both love and pity him only because he is also a human being, “your brother,” as the author teaches.

    This “also” contained a discovery that Gogol’s ardent admirers and followers often misinterpreted. They decided that Bashmachkin was good. That you have to love him because he is a victim. That in him you can discover a lot of advantages that Gogol forgot or did not have time to put into Bashmachkin.

    But Gogol himself was not sure that the little man - The hero is definitely positive. That’s why he was not satisfied with “The Overcoat”, but took on Chichikov...


    Questions and tasks for the story “The Overcoat” (1)

    1. Prove that the story is told on behalf of a narrator who does not coincide with the author. What is the meaning of the change in the narrator’s attitude towards Akaki Akakievich throughout the story?

    2. Confirm with examples the idea that the main character of the story is deprived of a “face” from birth (name, surname, portrait, age, speech, etc.).

    3. Prove that the image of Akaki Akakievich “lives” in two dimensions: in impersonal reality and in the infinite and eternal Universe. Why is it the hero’s attempt to find his “face” that leads to his death?


    Test

    1. “Crooked eye and pockmarks all over the face” - this is about:

    a) about Akaki Akakievich;

    b) about Petrovich;

    c) about a “significant person”.

    2. The name Akaki Akakievich received:

    a) according to the calendar;

    b) godfather insisted;

    c) mother gave it.

    3. Name of the “significant person”:

    a) Grigory Petrovich;

    b) Ivan Ivanovich Eroshkin;

    c) either Ivan Abramovich or Stepan Varlamovich.


    4. Akaki Akakievich:

    a) positive hero;

    b) negative hero;

    c) contradictory character.

    5. Landscape:

    a) plays an important role;

    b) does not play a special role;

    c) he is not here.

    6. Overcoat:

    a) artistic detail;

    b) symbol;


    7. The story “The Overcoat”:

    a) fantastic;

    b) life-like;

    c) romantic.

    8. Akaki Akakievich:

    a) synonymous with Pushkin’s “little man”;

    b) this is a different species;

    c) he cannot be classified as a small person.

    a) the “little man” is worthy of respect;

    b) he is a product of an inhumane state;

    c) he himself is to blame for his “smallness.”

    Questions and tasks for the story “The Overcoat” (2)

    1. Once Gogol was told a story about how one official passionately wanted to have a gun. Through extraordinary savings and hard work, he saved up a considerable sum of 200 rubles for those times. That’s how much Lepage’s gun cost (Lepage was the most skilled gunsmith of that time), the envy of every hunter. The gun, carefully placed on the bow of the boat, disappeared. Apparently, he was pulled into the water by thick reeds, through which he had to swim. The search was in vain. The gun, from which not a single shot was fired, is forever buried at the bottom of the Gulf of Finland. The official fell ill with a fever (a detail preserved in the story). His colleagues took pity on him and pooled their money to buy him a new gun.

    Why did Gogol replace the gun with an overcoat and rethink the ending of the story?

    3. Tell us about the tailor Petrovich and the place of this character in the story.

    4. How does the hero, carried away by the dream of an overcoat, change?

    5. How does Gogol relate to his hero and when does this attitude begin to change?

    6. Is Bashmachkin funny or pathetic? (Substantiate with quotes from the work.)


    Select quotes from the story “The Overcoat”




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    Zhakanova Zulfiya Zhaskenovna


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