Boris Pasternak (1890-1960)
Came at night
In the blue of the glacier from Tamara.
I outlined a pair of wings,
Where to buzz, where to end the nightmare.
Didn't cry, didn't weave
Naked, whipped, scarred.
The stove survived
Behind the fence of the Georgian temple.
How ugly a hunchback is,
Under the bars the shadow did not grimace.
The lamp has a zurna,
Barely breathing, I couldn’t inquire about the princess.
But the sparkle was torn
In the hair, and like phosphorus, they crackled.
And the colossus did not hear,
How the Caucasus turns gray due to sadness.
From the window an arshin,
Going through the hairs of the burnous,
Swore by the ice of the peaks:
Sleep, friend, I’ll come back like an avalanche.
In the 1920s Pasternak joins the “Lefists” (the literary group “Lef” was headed by V.V. Mayakovsky) and turns to large monumental forms, in particular to the poem, which gravitates towards the epic tradition. The themes of his poems are events that are in one way or another connected with the revolutionary movement in Russia. “High Disease” (1924) is dedicated to the IX Congress of Soviets and V. I. Lenin’s speech at it. Two poems became a significant event in Soviet poetry: “Nine Hundred and Fifth” and “Lieutenant Schmidt,” also published in the second half of the 1920s. The next poem, “Spectorsky” (1930), which the poet himself calls a novel, anticipates the appearance of a new prose writer, Boris Pasternak. Following the poem, the prose “Tale” (1934) appears. Pasternak himself explained their relationship as follows: “I gave the part of the plot in the novel, which falls on the war years and the revolution, to prose, because the characteristics and formulations, in this part of all the most obligatory and obvious, are beyond the power of verse. To this end, I recently sat down to write a story, which I am writing in such a way that, being a direct continuation of all the hitherto published parts of Spektorsky and a preparatory link to its poetic conclusion, it could be included in a collection of prose - where, in its entirety, spirit and relates - and not to the novel, of which it is a part in its content. In other words, I give it the appearance of an independent story. When I finish it, it will be possible to begin the final chapter of Spectorsky. Even in the “futuristic” period of his work, Pasternak expressed his poetic credo: “Don’t be deceived; reality is decaying. As it decomposes, it gathers at two opposite poles: Lyrics and History. Both are equally a priori and absolute.” The poet's work of the 1920s - 1930s. refuted this thesis: Lyrics and History began to come closer until they merged into a single stream - a special space-time continuum of Pasternak’s poetry. The lyrics created by Pasternak in the same period as his poems were compiled into two collections: “Poems of Different Years” and “Second Birth” (1932). Transformations in the country, a new “mass and class” culture, when “the project cart ran over us new person" that conflict with the needs spiritual development, so necessary for every non-“new” person, determined the content of poetry of the 1920s - 1930s. Pasternak is trying to distance himself from socialism; he comes to terms with the reality around him and observes it. It seems that he is trying to become involved in it, but a certain property of the poet’s soul does not allow him to merge with the general flow:
You are near, the distance of socialism.
Will you say - close?
- In the midst of cramped conditions,
In the name of life, where we came together,
- Ferry it, but only you.
Pasternak realizes that he was never “throughout his childhood - with a poor man, with all his blood - among the people,” and the feeling that he “introduced himself into someone else’s family” does not leave the poet. This duality disappeared in the face of the tragedy of the Fatherland - the war of 1941 - 1945. During these years, Pasternak wrote a series of poems dedicated to the fight against fascism, and worked as a war correspondent on the Oryol sector of the front. Poems written in times of trouble were included in the book “On Early Trains” (1944), but their main content is not war, but peace, creativity, and people. After the war, the books “Earthly Space” (1945) and “Selected Poems and Poems” (1945) were published. In 1958, B. L. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize. Recent years Pasternak worked a lot in his life on collecting his poetic works, rethinking what had been written and editing the texts that were later included in the peak collection “When They Walked Around,” published after the author’s death as part of his “Poems and Poems” (1965). Since the 1940s. Pasternak’s gift as a prose writer (“Doctor Zhivago”) and poet-translator is revealed. Thanks to Pasternak, the Russian reader was able to get acquainted with the work of the brilliant Georgian poet Baratashvili, the works of Vazha Pshavela, Chakovani, Tabidze, Yashvili, the poems of Shevchenko, Tychyna, Rylsky (Ukraine), Isaakyan, Ashot Grasha (Armenia), the prose of Vurgund (Azerbaijan) were published in Pasternak’s translation ), Subdrabkalna (Latvia), as well as dramas and poems by classics of world literature: Shakespeare, Schiller, Calderon, Petofi, Verlaine, Byron, Keats, Rilke, Tagore. Goethe's Faust is rightfully considered the pinnacle of Pasternak's skill as a translator. Boris Leonidovich Pasternak died on May 30, 1960.
All the while grasping the thread
Fates, events,
Live, think, feel, love,
B. Pasternak DEFINITION OF POETRY This is a steeply poured whistle, This is the clicking of crushed ice floes, This is the night chilling a leaf, This is a duel between two nightingales. This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is from the consoles and from the flutes - Figaro Falls like hail onto the garden bed. Everything that is so important for the night to be found on deep bathed bottoms, and to bring the star to the fish tank on trembling wet palms. It’s stuffier than boards in the water. The firmament was filled with alder. It suits these stars to laugh, But the universe is a deaf place. 1. What is the name of the stylistic figure used by Pasternak in the first seven lines of the poem? 1. What is the name of the stylistic figure used by Pasternak in the first seven lines of the poem?
B. Pasternak DEFINITION OF POETRY This is a steeply poured whistle, This is the clicking of crushed ice floes, This is the night chilling a leaf, This is a duel between two nightingales. This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is from the consoles and from the flutes - Figaro Falls like hail onto the garden bed. Everything that is so important for the night to be found on deep bathed bottoms, and to bring the star to the fish tank on trembling wet palms. It’s stuffier than boards in the water. The firmament was filled with alder. It suits these stars to laugh, But the universe is a deaf place. 2. What phonetic device does Pasternak use to enhance expressiveness in the highlighted words? 2. What phonetic device does Pasternak use to enhance expressiveness in the highlighted words?
B. Pasternak DEFINITION OF POETRY stars to laugh This is a cool whistle, This is the clicking of crushed ice floes, This is the night chilling a leaf, This is a duel between two nightingales. This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is from the consoles and from the flutes - Figaro Falls like hail onto the garden bed. Everything that is so important for the night to be found on deep bathed bottoms, and to bring the star to the fish tank on trembling wet palms. It’s stuffier than boards in the water. The firmament was filled with alder. It suits these stars to laugh, But the universe is a deaf place. 3. What type of trope, based on the resemblance of inanimate objects to living beings, is used in the highlighted lines? 3. What type of trope, based on the resemblance of inanimate objects to living beings, is used in the highlighted lines?
B. Pasternak DEFINITION OF POETRY This is a steeply poured whistle, This is the clicking of crushed ice floes, This is the night chilling a leaf, This is a duel between two nightingales. This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is from the consoles and from the flutes - Figaro Falls like hail onto the garden bed. Everything that is so important for the night to be found on deep bathed bottoms, and to bring the star to the fish tank on trembling wet palms. It’s stuffier than boards in the water. The firmament was filled with alder. It suits these stars to laugh, But the universe is a deaf place. 4. What three-syllable meter is the poem written in? 4. What three-syllable meter is the poem written in?
B. Pasternak DEFINITION OF POETRY Overthrown by hail, covered with alder This is a steeply poured whistle, This is the clicking of crushed ice floes, This is the night freezing a leaf, This is a duel between two nightingales. This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is from the consoles and from the flutes - Figaro Falls like hail onto the garden bed. Everything that is so important for the night to be found on deep bathed bottoms, and to bring the star to the fish tank on trembling wet palms. It’s stuffier than boards in the water. The firmament was filled with alder. It suits these stars to laugh, But the universe is a deaf place. 5. Name the method of correlating various phenomena used by the poet in the highlighted phrases. 5. Name the method of correlating various phenomena used by the poet in the highlighted phrases.
WORKBOOK
For
PREPARATION FOR THE USE IN LITERATURE
(training tasks 10-14, part 1)
Boris Pasternak
teacher of Russian language and literature
2019
Explanatory note
The workbook is addressed to high school teachers and students in grades 10-11. The development was based on lyrical works from the codifier, intended for detailed study.
The notebook is intended for preparation for the Unified State Exam (USE) in literature. It presents 12 options for thematic assignments with a short answer on the works of B. Pasternak for practicing each element of the Unified State Examination in literature content. The tasks in this block require good knowledge of the theory of literature, especially the theory of versification, and the development of the skill of analyzing a lyrical work. Tasks 10-14 of the Unified State Exam in literature are aimed at identifying the ability to perceive, analyze and interpret a literary work as an artistic whole, and at the ability to identify artistic means of expression. The presented workbook can be used both in the classroom and at home.
The CMM structure includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.
Part 1 suggests completing tasks that include questions
to the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of content and artistic structure studied works (themes and issues, heroes and events, artistic techniques, various types of tropes, etc.), and also consider specific literary works in conjunction with the course material.
Part 1 includes two sets of tasks. The first set of tasks relates to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7), requiring the writing of a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences: 8, 9.
The second set of tasks relates to a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences: 15, 16.
The most important knowledge and skills that students must master can be recognized as:
.knowledge of texts of program works of fiction;
.knowledge of the main stages creative biography writers and poets;
.the ability to identify the theme, idea and main problem of a work of art;
.knowledge and understanding of theoretical and literary concepts and terms: genera fiction(epic, lyric, drama), their main genres (novel, story, short story, poem, etc.), literary trends and movements (romanticism, classicism, symbolism, etc.), poetic meters (iamb, trochee, dactyl, etc.), etc.;
The main stages of a creative biography
Boris Pasternak was born in Moscow, in the family of artist Leonid Pasternak and pianist Rosalia Kaufman. The future writer grew up in a creative environment: Leo Tolstoy, Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan, Sergei Rachmaninov, Alexander Scriabin visited the Pasternaks. Under the influence of Scriabin, the future writer became interested in music - he studied at the conservatory courses and even wrote two sonatas for piano.
Studying at the gymnasium was easy; Pasternak graduated with a gold medal. But with future profession I couldn’t decide for a long time: first I entered the legal department of the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, then transferred to the philosophical department. In 1912, he studied summer courses in Marburg, Germany, with the philosopher, Professor Hermann Cohen, but soon left with his family for Venice. After the Italian holidays, Pasternak settled in Moscow, graduated from the university, but did not take his diploma: the document remained in the archives on Vorobyovy Gory.
At this time, Pasternak tried to write poetry. He was attracted to various literary associations. The poet participated in meetings of the Moscow Symbolist publishing house "Musaget", was a member of the futurist literary group"Centrifuge". In 1913, Pasternak published his first poem in the collection of a group of poets “Lyrics”, and at the end of the same year he published his own book of poems “Twin in the Clouds”. Three years later, Pasternak’s second collection, “Over the Barriers,” was published.
In the early 20s, Boris Pasternak met Mayakovsky at the literary association “LEF” and maintained an epistolary friendship with Marina Tsvetaeva and other artists in exile.
In 1922, Pasternak married the artist Evgenia Lurie, and a year later their son Evgeniy was born. To support his family, Pasternak took up translations. He translated many works by Paul Verlaine, John Keats, Rainer Maria Rilke and other European poets. Pasternak knew how to accurately convey the message and maintain the rhythm and volume of the original work.
He also created his own works: the collection “Themes and Variations” was published, the cycle “High Disease” and the novel in verse “Spektorsky” appeared. At the end of the 1920s, Pasternak completed his “Safety Certificate” - autobiographical notes about his youth and first love, travels around Europe and meetings with famous contemporaries. Relations with Evgenia Lurie did not work out: she wanted to pay more attention to her creativity. Later, their son Evgeniy wrote: “Heightened impressionability was equally characteristic of both of them, and this made it difficult to calmly endure the inevitable hardships family life" The marriage broke up.
In 1931, Pasternak visited Georgia, met local poets, and Georgian poetry was added to the translations. Impressed by the trip, he wrote a series of his own poems, “Waves.”
Soon Pasternak married a second time - to Zinaida Neuhaus. At this time, there was a period of official recognition of the poet: a collection of his poems was republished several times, Pasternak participated in the work of the Writers' Union, and in 1934 he gave a speech at its first congress. At the same time, Nikolai Bukharin proposed calling Pasternak the best poet of the Soviet Union
In 1935, Boris Pasternak, together with Ilya Ehrenburg and Isaac Babel, represented the Writers' Union at the International Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture. In the same year, the poet stood up for Akhmatova’s arrested husband and son and wrote a letter to Stalin. After their release, he sent the head of state a book of translations “Georgian Lyrics”. But by the end of the 30s, the attitude of his colleagues towards Pasternak worsened: he wrote about nature and feelings, and they expected from him civil lyrics glorifying the Soviet system.
With the beginning of the war, the Writers' Union and their families were evacuated to Chistopol near Kazan. Zinaida Neuhaus evacuated Pasternak's manuscripts and letters. In 1943, Boris Pasternak and his colleagues visited the units Soviet army, which liberated Oryol. Impressed by the trip, he wrote the poems “Persecution”, “Death of a Sapper”, “Scouts”, the essays “A Trip to the Army” and “The Liberated City”.
In 1946, Pasternak began writing the novel Doctor Zhivago. The main prototype main character became his new love— Olga Ivinskaya.
Pasternak wrote the novel in parts, and he read each part at friends’ meetings and talked about plans and ideas. Olga Ivinskaya, who was then working in one of the departments of the Novy Mir magazine, handed over the manuscripts to the typist Marina Baranovich, and she printed several copies. Pasternak immediately distributed them to everyone he knew, and Ivinskoy said: “Don’t be sorry, let’s read it widely, no matter who asks, it’s very important to me what they say.”
After the release of the first chapters, Olga Ivinskaya was arrested, tortured, and demanded to tell what the novel would be about, whether it would become oppositional. She was convicted and sent to camps, where she stayed for 4 years.
In 1955, Pasternak finished the novel. However, Soviet editors were in no hurry to publish it. A major Italian publisher, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, learned about the novel and offered to publish the work. Pasternak agreed and handed over a copy of the novel.
Olga Ivinskaya asked Feltrinelli to publish the novel after Litizdat published it. But the Soviet publishing house refused the novel, and Doctor Zhivago was published in Italy.
Pasternak's work, despite persecution within the country, was highly valued abroad. In 1958, Pasternak was nominated for the Nobel Prize by the laureate in literature, French writer Albert Camus. On October 23, 1958, the Swedish Committee awarded Pasternak the title of Nobel laureate and a prize with the wording “for outstanding services in modern lyric poetry and in the field of great Russian prose.”
In the same year, Doctor Zhivago was illegally republished in the Netherlands in Russian. A significant part of this circulation was distributed in 1959 to World Festival youth and students in Vienna.
Although Pasternak was first nominated for the Nobel Prize back in 1946, the Soviet Union still believed that he was given the award precisely because of his “anti-Soviet” novel. The Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee adopted a resolution “On the slanderous novel of B. Pasternak,” and a feuilleton appeared in the Pravda newspaper in which Doctor Zhivago was called a “literary weed.”
Acknowledge that the award Nobel Prize Pasternak's novel, which slanderously portrays the October Socialist Revolution, Soviet people, who carried out this revolution, and the construction of socialism in the USSR, is an act hostile towards our country and an instrument of international reaction aimed at inciting the Cold War.
Resolution of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee “On the slanderous novel by B. Pasternak”, October 23, 1958. Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union. Meetings were held across the country in factories and collective farms, universities and cultural institutions. Participants spoke out against the “traitor” writer and his work. The novel was condemned even by those who had not read it.
I disappeared like an animal in a pen.
Somewhere there are people, will, light,
And behind me there is the sound of a chase,
I have no way out.<...>
Constant attacks and accusations from former colleagues, appearances in the press and pressure on Ivinskaya brought their results. Pasternak telegraphed to the Nobel Committee: “Due to the importance that the award awarded to me has received in the society to which I belong, I must refuse it; do not take my voluntary refusal as an insult.”
But this still did not change the attitude towards Pasternak. Moscow writers advocated for the writer to be expelled from the country. Only young poets Andrei Voznesensky, Evgeny Yevtushenko and Bella Akhmadulina did not join. Addressing the Writers' Union, Boris Pasternak said: “I don't expect justice from you. You can shoot me, deport me, do whatever you want. I forgive you in advance. But take your time. This will not add to your happiness or fame. And remember, in a few years you will still have to rehabilitate me. This is not the first time in your practice.”
Pasternak was saved from deportation by a telephone call to Khrushchev from Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and a “letter of repentance” prepared by the special services, which the poet was forced to sign. It was published in the Pravda newspaper in November 1958. It contained these lines:“I never had any intention of harming my state and my people. The editors of Novy Mir warned me that the novel could be understood by readers as a work directed against the October Revolution and the foundations of the Soviet system. I didn’t realize that, which I regret now.”
After 2 years, the poet passed away.
In 1987, Boris Pasternak was rehabilitated and was posthumously returned to the USSR Writers' Union. A year later the magazine New world" published the novel "Doctor Zhivago", and the Swedish Academy invalidated the forced refusal of the award, and in 1989 at an official ceremony Nobel diploma and the Boris Pasternak medal was given to his eldest son Evgeniy.
Poems by B.L. Pasternak by codifier:
"February. Get out the ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“Chalk, chalk all over the earth...”), “No one will be in the house... ”, “It’s snowing”, “About these poems”, “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines”, “Rime”, “July”.
Thematic test No. 1
Definition of poetry
This is a cool whistle,
This is the clicking of crushed ice floes,
This is the leaf-chilling night,
This is a duel between two nightingales.
This is a sweet rotten pea,
These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades,
This is from consoles and flutes - Figaro
Falls like hail onto the garden bed.
Everything that is so important to find at night
On deep bathed bottoms,
And bring the star to the cage
On trembling wet palms.
It’s stuffier than boards in the water.
The firmament was filled with alder.
It suits these stars to laugh,
But the universe is a deaf place.
(1917)
Answer: ___________________________________________ _________
Name the modernist movement to which B. Pasternak belonged?
What type of trope, based on the resemblance of inanimate objects to living beings, is used in the line “It suits the stars to laugh”?
Answer:___________________________________________________
Name the means of expressive correlation of various phenomena used by the poet in the phrases “buried by alder” and “overthrown by hail.”
Answer:___________________________________________________
In what size is B.L.’s poem written? Pasternak "Definition of Poetry"?
Answer:___________________________________________________
Answer:___________________________________________________
Which stylistic device uses Pasternak to enhance the expressiveness of the image in the words “Figaro // Falls like hail onto the garden bed”?
Answer:___________________________________________________
What is the name of a stylistic device that enhances the sound expressiveness of a verse? …SkyO St.O d sA VA LilsI'm about lhO yu..."
Answer:___________________________________________________
9.From the list below, select three titles artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the poem (indicate their numbers).
1.hyperbole
2.oxymoron
3.epithet
4.irony
5. anaphora
Determine the type of rhyme in the poem.
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 2
Hamlet
The hum died down. I went on stage.
Leaning against the door frame,
I catch in a distant echo,
What will happen in my lifetime.
The darkness of the night is pointed at me
A thousand binoculars on the axis.
If possible, Abba Father,
Carry this cup past.
I love your stubborn plan
And I agree to play this role.
But now there is another drama,
And this time fire me.
And the end of the road is inevitable.
I am alone, everything is drowning in pharisaism.
1946
Poem "Hamlet" by B.L. Pasternak “attributed” his hero famous novel. Indicate the title of this work.
Answer: ____________________________________________________
What term is used to describe one of the tropes, a figurative expression that exaggerates some action or phenomenon (“The darkness of the night is pointed at me // A thousand binoculars on the axis”)?
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Philosophical poem B.L. Pasternak ends with a line that is an aphoristic folk saying. What is this saying called?
Answer: ____________________________________________________
What is the name of a stylistic device based on the use of the samevowel soundsand giving the verse a special sound expressiveness (“I catch in a distant echo, // What will happen in my lifetime.”)?
In what size is B.L.’s poem written? Pasternak's "Hamlet" (give the answer in the nominative case without indicating the number of feet)?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
To characterize his contemporary society, the lyrical hero uses generalized image(“pharisaism”), including many associative signs (hypocrisy, blindness, madness, lawlessness). What term is used to designate such an image?
Answer: ________________________________________
7. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the penultimate stanza of this poem.
1) epithet
2) hyperbole
3) phraseology
4) sound recording
5) allegory
8.What is the name in literary criticism for a means of allegorical expressiveness, formed on the principle of similarity and which allowed the author to create a hidden comparison “life - theater” in the poem “Hamlet”?
Answer:__________________________________________________
Copy from the third stanza of the poem by B.L. Pasternak's "Hamlet" is a figurative definition that expresses the subjective attitude of the lyrical hero to the higher powers that control his fate.
Answer:__________________________________________________
What is the name of the selected B.L. Pasternak stylistic device based on the repetition of homogeneousconsonantssounds:
“But the schedule of actions has been thought out,
And the end of the road is inevitable..."?
Answer:__________________________________________________
Analysis of the poem by B. Pasternak
"Hamlet"
The poem "Hamlet" was written in 1946. It is part of the last, seventeenth part of the novel “Doctor Zhivago” - “Poems of Yuri Zhivago”. "Hamlet" is a multi-dimensional poem. It is about Shakespeare's hero, the Prince of Denmark, who rose to fight all the world's evil and died in this hopeless fight; about a brilliant actor playing the role of Hamlet in the theater (stage), who deeply comprehended this role; about Jesus Christ, who came to earth to go through the path of suffering and with his suffering to atone for all the sins of humanity; about the hero of the novel by Yuri Zhivago; finally, about the author of the novel, Boris Pasternak.
Hamlet had a direct connection to the theater and even acted as the director of "The Murder of Gonzago", presented by a troupe of traveling actors. So being on stage is natural for him:
The hum died down. I went on stage.
In a literal, direct sense, these are the words of the actor who took the stage. Metaphorically, these words can very naturally be attributed to Hamlet, who said that life is a theater and the people in it are actors. In the second stanza, the image of the hero becomes even more complex, as Pasternak introduces an association with the gospel story of the prayer for the cup:
If possible, Abba Father,
Carry this cup past.
These verses closely convey the prayer of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane: “Abba Father! All things are possible for You; carry this cup past me” (Abba Father - an appeal to God the Father). Thus, the hero of the poem is associated with Jesus Christ.
I love Your stubborn plan
And I agree to play this role.
But now there is another drama,
And this time fire me.
This stanza conveys the hesitations of both Christ, conveyed in the Gospel, and Hamlet, and the throwing of Yuri Zhivago, and Pasternak himself. In the next, final stanza, Pasternak’s hero accepts all the trials of fate, whatever they may be:
But the order of actions has been thought out,
And the end of the road is inevitable.
I am alone, everything is drowning in pharisaism.
Living life is not a field to cross.
The Pharisees rejected the teachings of Christ; their hypocrisy and hypocrisy were denounced many times in the speeches of Christ conveyed in the Gospel. Pharisee - deceitful, hypocritical - was the court of King Claudius in Elsinore. Pasternak repeatedly denounced the hypocrisy and hypocrisy of his time, including in Doctor Zhivago. In the last line gospel images, high biblical syllable connected with folk proverb containing a simple but very deep thought. This ending gives naturalness and authenticity to the entire poem.
Thematic test No. 3
July
A ghost is wandering around the house.
Steps overhead all day.
Shadows flicker in the attic.
A brownie is wandering around the house.
Hanging out inappropriately everywhere,
Gets in the way of everything,
In a robe he creeps towards the bed,
He tears the tablecloth off the table.
Don’t wipe your feet at the threshold,
Runs in a whirlwind draft
And with a curtain, like with a dancer,
Soars to the ceiling.
Who is this spoiled ignorant
And this ghost and double?
Yes, this is our visiting tenant,
Our summer summer vacationer.
For all his short rest
We rent out the whole house to him.
July with thunderstorm, July air
He rented rooms from us.
July, dragging around in clothes
Dandelion fluff, burdock,
July, coming home through the windows,
All loudly speaking out loud.
Steppe unkempt disheveled man,
Smelling of linden and grass,
Tops and the smell of dill,
The July air is meadow.
(1956)
Answer: ______________________________________
What is the consonance of the ends of poetic lines called (ghost - shadows; head - brownie, etc.)?
Answer: ______________________________________
From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the penultimate stanza of this poem.
1) anaphora
2) hyperbole
3) neologism
4) sound recording
5) vernacular
Answer: ______________________________________
What artistic medium is associated with the transfer of the properties of living beings to inanimate objects, is the main one when describing July in first three stanzas of the poem?
Answer: ______________________________________
What stylistic figure associated with the violation of the usual word order is used in the lines: “Shadows flicker in the attic. // There’s a brownie wandering around the house”?
Answer: ______________________________________
8. Indicate what method of enhancing the intonation expressiveness of the text, based on the repetition of identical, homogeneous vowels, is used by the author of the work: « B xAlAthose crAgoing to the crOVAtee, FailureAet skArub withOstOlA».
Answer: ______________________________________
Thematic test No. 4
PINES
In the grass, among the wild balsams,
Daisies and forest baths,
We lie with our arms thrown back
And raised my head to the sky.
Grass on a pine clearing
Impenetrable and dense.
We'll look at each other again
We change poses and places.
And so, immortal for a while,
We are numbered among the pine trees
And from diseases, epidemics
And death is freed.
With deliberate monotony,
Like an ointment, thick blue
Lies bunnies on the ground
And gets our sleeves dirty.
We share the rest of the red forest,
Under the creeping goosebumps
Pine sleeping pills mixture
Lemon with incense breathing.
And so frantic on blue
Running fire trunks,
And we won’t take our hands off for so long
From under broken heads,
And so much breadth in the gaze,
And everyone is so submissive from the outside,
That somewhere behind the trunks there is a sea
I see it all the time.
There are waves above these branches
And, falling off the boulder,
Shrimp rain down
From the troubled bottom.
And in the evenings behind a tug
Dawn stretches across traffic jams
And leaks fish oil
And the hazy haze of amber.
It gets dark, and gradually
The moon buries all traces
Under the white magic of foam
AND black magic water.
And the waves are getting louder and higher,
And the audience is on the float
Crowds around a post with a poster,
Indistinguishable from a distance.
(1941)
What type of lyricism can this poem be classified as?
Answer: _______________________________________
The poem clearly identifies two structural parts: in reality - pine trees, in the imagination - the sea. What is the name of the relationship and relative position of the parts of a work, its images?
Answer: _______________________________________
“Hail of shrimp”, “white magic of foam”, etc. What remedy artistic expression, based on the figurative meaning of words, was used by the poet when creating images?
Answer: _______________________________________
What type of sound writing, based on the repetition of consonant sounds, is used in the following lines: “There are waves above these branches // And, falling from the boulder...”?
Answer: _______________________________________
5. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the ninth stanza of this poem.
1) anaphora
2) irony
3) inversion
4) epithet
5) hyperbole
Answer: _______________________________________
6.Name a figurative and expressive means based on the comparison of objects and phenomena: “Like ointment, thick blue // Lays like bunnies on the ground...”
Answer: _______________________________________
7. What is the broken repetition of the words called: “We are lying with our arms thrown back”?
8. Determine the size of the poem.
Answer: _________________________________
9. What is the name for the similar sound of the ends of poetic lines?
Answer: _________________________________
10.Name the term that denotes a stylistic device,
consisting in the same beginning of lines( AND from diseases, epidemics,AND deaths released).
Answer: _________________________________
Thematic test No. 5
Loving others is a heavy cross,
And you are beautiful without gyrations,
And your beauty is a secret
It is tantamount to the solution to life.
In spring the rustling of dreams is heard
And the rustle of news and truths.
You come from a family of such fundamentals.
Your meaning, like air, is selfless.
It's easy to wake up and see clearly,
Shake out the verbal trash from the heart
And live without getting clogged in the future,
All this is not a big trick.
(1931)
What type of lyricism can this poem be classified as?
Answer: _______________________________________
What type of literature does this work belong to?
Answer: _______________________________________
What is the consonance of the ends of poetic lines called (dreams - foundations; truths - unselfish, etc.)?
Answer: _______________________________________
4.What type of sound writing does Pasternak use in his poems: “VeWith whiningWith lyw enw nutWith new/Iw barelyWith t newWith tey and andWith ting"?
Answer: _______________________________________
5. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the second stanza of the poem.
1) inversion
2) metaphor
3) anaphora
4) comparison
5) grotesque
Answer: _______________________________________
6.Indicate the term used for definitions that help the poet
give a figurative artistic description of an object or phenomenon (“verbal” rubbish, “ heavy" cross).
Answer: _______________________________________
7.What is the term for sharp contrast images, objects or phenomena in work of art?
Loving others is a heavy cross,
And you are beautiful without gyrations,
Answer: _______________________________________
8. What is the name in literary criticism for a combination of lines held together by a common rhyme and intonation?
9. “Your meaning, like air, is selfless” What is the name of an expression or word in which one phenomenon or concept is explained by comparing it with another?
Answer: ______________________________________________________
10.Indicate the size in which B.L.’s poem is written. Pasternak “Loving others is a heavy cross...” (without indicating the number of feet).
Answer: _______________________________________
Thematic test No. 6
February. Get some ink and cry
Write about February sobbingly,
While the rumbling slush
In the spring it burns black.
Get the fly. For six hryvnia,
Through Blagovest, through the click of wheels,
Move to where there is rain
More noisy ink and tears.
Where, like charred pears,
From the trees of a thousand rooks
They will fall into puddles and collapse
Dry sadness to the bottom of the eyes.
Underneath the thawed patches turn black,
And the wind is torn with screams,
And the more randomly, the more surely
Poems are composed to the point of sobs.
1912
1.What type of lyricism does this poem belong to?
2. What is the name of the stylistic device used by B.L. Pasternak to enhance the sound expressiveness of the verse, for example, in the phrase (“To whetherto to oles")?
Answer: ___________________________________________
3.“Through Blagovest,through click of wheels." Provide the name of the syntactic device used in this line.
Answer: ___________________________________________
4.What is the term used in literary criticism to describe the artistic technique of exaggeration used by B.L. Pasternak in this poem
“Thousands of rooks will fall from the trees...”?
Answer: ___________________________________________
5.What means of artistic representation allows the author to liken natural phenomena person: Where, like charred pears, there are thousands of rooks from the trees
They'll fall apart..."
Answer: ___________________________________________
6. Indicate a means of artistic expression based on the transfer of the properties of one object or phenomenon to another: “While the rumbling slush
It burns black in the spring.”
Answer: ___________________________________________
7. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the poem (indicate their numbers).
1. inversion
2. comparison
3. parcellation
4. opposition
5.oxymoron
Answer: ___________________________________________8. To enhance the expressiveness of speech, the author uses a violation of the direct word order for the Russian language: “Thousands of rooks will fall from the trees into puddles.” What is this stylistic device called?
9.Indicate the name of the poetic meter in which B.L.’s poem was written. Pasternak “February. Get some ink and cry..."
Answer: ___________________________________________
10. Determine the type of rhyme in the poem.
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 7
About these poems
There's a crowd on the sidewalks
With glass and sun in half,
In winter I will open the ceiling
Recites the attic
With bow to frames and winter,
Leapfrog will sneak to the cornices
Oddities, disasters and notices.
It won't take a month for a snowstorm to take revenge,
The ends and beginnings will be swept away.
Suddenly I remember: there is the sun;
I will see: the light has not been the same for a long time.
Christmas will look like a little jackdaw,
And a wild day
Will reveal a lot of things
Which I don’t even know, dear one.
In a muffler, shielding myself with my palm,
I’ll shout to the kids through the window:
What, dear ones, we have
Millennium in the yard?
Who blazed the path to the door,
To the hole covered with cereals,
While I was smoking with Byron,
While I was drinking with Edgar Poe?
While I enter Daryal as a friend,
Like hell, the workshop and the arsenal,
I am life, like Lermontov's trembling,
Like dipping my lips in vermouth.
(1917)
What type of lyricism does this poem belong to?
Indicate the term denoting unity of beginning, repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of several poetic lines:
Bye I smoked with Byron
Bye I drank with Edgar Allan Poe?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
Name the reception artistic image, which consists of transferring human properties to inanimate objects, natural phenomena (“recites the attic”).
Answer: ____________________________________________________
What is the name of the violation of the usual word order, which the author resorts to for a specific semantic purpose (“leapfrog will sneak to the eaves,” “who blazed the path to the door,” etc.)?
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Determine the meter in which B.L.’s poem is written. Pasternak “About these poems” (without indicating the number of feet).
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Name a figurative and expressive means based on the comparison of objects and phenomena: “Christmas will look like a jackdaw”
Answer:________________________________________
7. What phonetic device does Pasternak use to enhance the expressiveness of the image in the words “ByTo and inD Ar yal,To ATo To etc. uh-huh, inhoand …", "Iand life like Lermontov's drawand b"?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
8. What is it called artistic definition « walking around" (day), used by the poet?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What is the name of the conventional hero, whose feelings and experiences are conveyed in the poem?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the last four lines of this poem. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) irony
2) comparison
3) litotes
4) sound recording
5) inversion
Answer: ______________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 8
"Winter Night"
Chalk, chalk all over the earth
To all limits.
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
Like a swarm of midges in summer
Flies into the flames
Flakes flew from the yard
To the window frame.
A snowstorm sculpted on the glass
Circles and arrows.
The candle was burning on the table,
the candle burned out.
To the illuminated ceiling
The shadows were falling
Crossing of arms, crossing of legs,
Crossing fates.
And two shoes fell with a thud to the floor,
And wax with the tears of a night light
It was dripping on my dress.
And everything was lost in the snowy darkness,
Gray and white.
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
There was a blow on the candle from the corner,
And the heat of temptation
Raised two wings like an angel
Crosswise.
It's light all month in February
Every now and then
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
1946
What type of literature does this work belong to?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
2. The lyrical hero of the poem reflects on the “eternal” questions of existence. What thematic type of lyricism does this work belong to?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
3.What is the name of the figurative evaluative definition (“grey and white haze”, “illuminated ceiling”)?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What is the name of the stylistic figure used by Pasternak in the first seven lines of the poem and based on their repetition initial words?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
Among stanzas 4-7, indicate the number of the stanza (ordinal number in the nominative case) in which the poet uses anaphora.
Answer: ___________________________________________________
From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the stanzas below of this poem.
1) comparison
2) hyperbole
3) inversion
4) irony
5) personification
Like a swarm of midges in summer
Flies into the flames
Flakes flew from the yard
To the window frame.
A snowstorm sculpted on the glass
Circles and arrows.
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What is the name of the artistic technique based on the juxtaposition of various phenomena, which formed the basis for the composition of B. L. Pasternak’s poem “Winter Night”?
Chalk, chalk all over the earth
To all limits
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What are the names of the lines, the motive “The candle was burning on the table, / The candle was burning,” repeatedly repeated in B. L. Pasternak’s poem “Winter Night”?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
Indicate the meter in which B. Pasternak’s poem “Winter Night” is written (without indicating the number of feet).
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What type of sound writing does Pasternak use in the following lines: “Loand there were shadowsWITH cresch holding hands,sk resch legs,WITH fortuneWith cresch enya"?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 9
"Be famous is ugly"
It's not nice to be famous This is not what lifts you up. No need to create an archive, Shake over manuscripts. The goal of creativity is dedication, Not hype, not success. Shameful, meaningless Be the talk of everyone. But we must live without imposture, Live like this so that in the end Attract the love of space to you, Hear the call of the future. And you have to leave spaces In fate, and not among papers, Places and chapters of a whole life Marking in the margins. And plunge into the unknown And hide your steps in it, How the area hides in the fog, When you can't see a thing in it. Others on the trail They will pass your path by an inch, But defeat comes from victory You don't have to differentiate yourself. And should not a single slice Don't give up on your face But to be alive, alive and only, Alive and only until the end. 1956
1. “Being famous is ugly,” “The purpose of creativity is dedication.” What are such laconic sayings called, containing philosophical or worldly wisdom, an instructive conclusion? Answer: ______________________________________________________ 2. Indicate the term that denotes a trope based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others (“love of space”, “call of the future”). Answer: ______________________________________________________ 3. Name the stylistic figure associated with the repetition of a word at the beginning of poetic lines: And plunge into the unknown And hide your steps in it... Answer: ______________________________________________________ 4. What is the name of the technique used by the poet in the fifth stanza of the poem (“And hide your steps in it / As the terrain hides in the fog...”)? Answer: ___________________________________________________ 5. What is the name of a stylistic device that enhances the sound expressiveness of a verse and is associated with the use of identical consonant sounds (“They will pass your path by an inch”)? 6.What is the name of the stable expression used by the author: “to be a byword on everyone’s lips”? 7. Determine the size of the poem. Answer: ____________________________________________________ 8. Determine the type of rhyme. Answer: ___________________________________________________ 9. What lexical device did you use? But bealive, aliveand that's all, Aliveand only until the end. Answer: ______________________________________________________ 10. What is the name of the technique of opposition (“dedication, not hype, not success”, “in fate, not among papers”)? Answer: ____________________________________________________ |
Thematic test No. 10
I want to get to the bottom of everything...
I want to reach everything
To the very essence.
At work, looking for a way,
In heartbreak.
To the essence of the past days,
Until their reason,
To the foundations, to the roots,
To the core.
Always catching the thread
Fates, events,
Live, think, feel, love,
Complete the opening.
Oh if only I could
Although partly
I would write eight lines
About the properties of passion.
About lawlessness, about sins,
Running, chasing,
Accidents in a hurry,
Elbows, palms.
I would deduce her law,
Its beginning
And repeated her names
Initials.
I would plant poems like a garden.
With all the trembling of my veins
The linden trees would bloom in them in a row,
Single file, to the back of the head.
I would bring the breath of roses into poetry,
Breath of mint
Meadows, sedge, hayfields,
Thunderstorms rumble.
So Chopin once invested
Living miracle
Farms, parks, groves, graves
In your sketches.
Achieved triumph
Game and torment -
Bowstring taut
Tight bow.
Indicate the type of literature to which this work belongs.
Answer: ______________________________________________________
What type of lyricism does this poem belong to?
Answer: ______________________________________________________
3.What is the consonance of the ends of poetic lines called (get there - ways )?
Answer: ______________________________________________________
4.Indicate the name of the syntactic device, which consists of repeating the same word at the beginning of the line.
To the essence of the past days,
To their reasons
To foundations, to the roots,
To cores.
Answer: ______________________________________________________
Name the artistic device used in the lines: “I would break the poems,like a garden . With all the trembling of my veins...”
Answer: ______________________________________________________
Which artistic device, based on the transfer of the properties of one phenomenon to another based on their similarity, is used by the author of the poem: “I would bring the breath of roses, the breath of mint into the poems”?
Answer: ______________________________________________________
In the second stanza, to enhance the expressiveness of speech, the author uses a violation of the direct word order for the Russian language: “But I always feel sorry for the exile...”. What is this stylistic figure called?
Answer: _________________________________________________
8. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in this poem (indicate the numbers in ascending order).
1.contextual antonyms
2.sound recording
3.epithets
4. comparisons
5.oxymoron
Answer: __________________________________________________
9. In this poem, Pasternak resorts to a phonetic system of repetitions, pauses, various types intonations that create the melody of sound combinations. Indicate the name of this artistic technique.
Answer: __________________________________________________
10. Determine the type of rhyme.
Answer: ___________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 11
There will be no one in the house...
There will be no one in the house
Except at dusk. One
Winter day through the doorway
Undrawn curtains.
Only white wet lumps
A quick glimpse of moss,
Only roofs, snow, and, except
Roofs and snow, no one.
And again he will draw frost,
And he'll turn on me again
Last year's gloom
And things are different in winter.
And they stab again to this day
Unforgivable guilt
And the window along the cross
Wood hunger will suppress hunger.
But unexpectedly along the curtain
A shiver will run through doubts,
— Measuring the silence with steps.
You, like the future, will enter.
You'll appear out the door
In something white, without quirks,
In some ways, really from those matters,
From which flakes are made.
1. Indicate the type of literature to which this poem belongs.
Answer: ___________________________________________________
What is the name of a poetic device based on the repetition of identical consonant sounds: “Tiw inuw Agami Merya. How will yousch ness, come inw b"?
What artistic technique, based on the transfer of the properties of one phenomenon to another based on their similarity, is used by the author of the poem: “And the window along the crosspiece will crush the hunger for wood”?
Answer: ________________________________________________
Indicate the technique used in the poem: “Nobody will not be in the house...except for Roofs and snow,no one."
Answer: ________________________________________________
What is the name of a means of artistic expression in literary criticism, which is a figurative definition of the subject:
"Onlywhite wet
lumps
Fast
flashmossy
…»
Answer: ________________________________________________
Indicate the name of the technique consisting of repeating the beginning of a poetic line: “And again will draw frost,And again will wrap me up..."?
Answer: ________________________________________________
7. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in this poem (indicate the numbers in ascending order).
1.neologism
2.hyperbole
3.epithet
4.repeat
5.metaphor
Answer: ___________________________________________________
8.What is it called main idea a work that is a philosophical and social generalization and represents a relationship to the subject of the image?
Answer: __________________________________________________
9.What type of lyricism does this poem belong to?
Answer: ______________________________________________________
10. Determine the size of the poem.
Answer: ____________________________________________________
Thematic test No. 12
It's snowing
It's snowing, it's snowing.
To the white stars in a snowstorm
Geranium flowers stretch
Behind the window frame.
It's snowing and everything is in turmoil,
Everything takes flight, -
Black staircase steps,
Crossroads turn.
It's snowing, it's snowing,
It's like it's not flakes that are falling,
And in a patched coat
The firmament descends to the ground.
As if looking like an eccentric,
From the top landing,
Sneaking around, playing hide and seek,
The sky is coming down from the attic.
Because life doesn't wait.
If you don’t look back, it’s Christmas time.
Only a short period,
Look, there's a new year there.
The snow is falling, thick and thick.
In step with him, in those feet,
At the same pace, with that laziness
Or at the same speed
Maybe time is passing?
Maybe year after year
They follow as it snows,
Or like the words in a poem?
It's snowing, it's snowing,
It's snowing and everything is in turmoil:
White pedestrian
Surprised plants
Crossroads turn.
1957
Indicate the type of literature to which B. Pasternak's poem belongs?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What traditionally identified type of lyricism can the poem “It’s Snowing” be classified as?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of a means of artistic expression based on the transfer of the properties of some objects to others (“to white stars in a snowstorm”)?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is a means of artistic expression called in literary criticism, which is a figurative definition (“black stairs", "whitened pedestrian", "surprised plants")?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of the artistic device that consists of repeating the same words at the beginning of several lines, used by B. Pasternak?
It's snowing , it's snowing
It's snowing , ….
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of the literary technique of transferring the properties and qualities of a person onto inanimate objects and abstract concepts, used by Pasternak in the following lines?
And in a patched coat
The firmament descends to the ground.
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of the means of expression in which a phenomenon or concept is explained by comparing it with another object, phenomenon or concept? “Perhaps year after year follows like it's snowing, Or like the words in a poem?
Answer: __________________________________________________
Despite the black and white coloring of the poem, the impression of brilliance is created, and this is facilitated by the sound writing: “s”, “z”, “h”, “zh”. What is the name for the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it special sound expressiveness?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of a combination of poetic lines held together by a common rhyme and intonation?
Answer: __________________________________________________
What is the name of the type of rhyme used by B. Pasternak in the first stanza?
Answer: __________________________________________________
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Poems are different. Others you will read and forget. And there are those that you are drawn to return to and read again and again, to memorize. It seems to me that such works include the poems of Boris Pasternak. They make you think about life, about relationships between people, about your own understanding and perception of the world. A philosophical approach is characteristic of the entire work of this Russian poet silver age. Critics rightly call him a poet-thinker. Main topic Pasternak’s philosophical poetry is “living life” that unites people and their environment:
It seemed like alpha and omega -
Life and I are cut the same;
And all year round, in the snow, without snow,
And I called her sister.
(“All moods and voices...”)
Speaking about nature in his poems, the poet is not content with simply describing it, but portrays it as a living person. He meets sunrises, walks along alleys and forest paths, and the trees surrounding him and the rain live in his soul. The poet’s state merges with nature, as, for example, in the poems “Winter night" or "July Thunderstorm"
The philosophical orientation of Pasternak's lyrical works is determined by his constant mental efforts, which are aimed at finding the foundations and goals:
I want to reach everything
To the very essence.
At work, looking for a way,
In heartbreak.
To the essence of the past days,
Until their reason,
To the foundations, to the roots,
To the core.
Wish "get to the bottom of things" characteristic of many of the poet’s works written in different years. Therefore, he wants to show the reader not only the external, but also to penetrate into the very essence of some ordinary things and phenomena. For example: “My friend, you ask, who orders that the holy fool’s speech be burned? In the nature of linden trees, in the nature of slabs, in the nature of summer it was to burn.”, is Pasternak’s recognizable thought. The main thing is “it was not the summer that was hot,” but precisely “in the nature of summer...”, that is, the essence of summer time. Sometimes a poet constructs a poem in such a way that not only the visual perception of an object is revealed, but also its concept, idea, such as poetry "The Definition of the Soul", "The Definition of Poetry".
The late period of Boris Pasternak’s work is characterized by philosophical understanding fate and relationship between man and history. He strives to convey the understanding that a person with high moral ideals, may be invisible in the general mass, but is capable of accomplishing a feat, affirming the power of life, the triumph of being:
Your trek will change the terrain.
Under the cast iron of your horseshoes,
Blurring the wordlessness
Waves of tongues will pour forth.
Dear city roofs,
Each hut has a porch,
Every poplar is at the doorstep
They will know you by sight.
("Artist")
Pasternak raises in his work the main philosophical problem— being. In a sense, she doesn't exist for him. There is simply life - that's all. No questions asked: “There is no need to interpret why the foliage is so ceremoniously sprinkled with madder and lemon.” Statement existing world and is the main content of all Pasternak’s poetry. She is a reflection of surprise and admiration for the triumph of life.
It cannot be otherwise. Life is a miracle given from above, capable of healing any pain: “There is no such melancholy in the world that snow cannot cure.”
Pasternak survived difficult times: world wars, revolutions, Stalinist repressions, post-war devastation. His whole life can be described in words from his poems: “And these days the air smells of death: to open a window is to open the veins.”
Reading Pasternak's poems is not easy. And not because the poetics are complex. Rather, it is difficult to read works filled with depth and dynamism of thought. When he said that philosophy is the foliage of poetry and reading the works of the master, you are convinced that he was right. An excellent feature of Pasternak’s philosophical lyrics is that you need to read and think about each line. And yet philosophical works Boris Pasternak's works are full of life-affirming strength and optimism. Yes, there is a lot of drama and misfortune in the world, but through tragedy and sorrow a person moves towards a new understanding of life. Love rules the world. People need to understand and accept this.
