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- Romanticism as artistic direction in literature.
Romanticism - literary direction, formed in the early 19th century, which suggests an exceptional hero in exceptional circumstances. Romantic hero- this is a hero romantic work, which is characterized by proud loneliness, disappointment, a tragic attitude and at the same time rebellion and rebellion of spirit.
Romanticism can also be characterized by an affirmation of self-worth spiritually - creative personality, depicting strong passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature. Also, romanticism is characterized by a special interest in the surrounding reality and opposition real world to the ideal. The typical hero of romanticism is a player. He plays with life and fate, because only in the game can a person feel the power of fate.
The main goal of romanticism was to depict the inner world, mental life, and this could be done using the material of stories, mysticism, etc. It was necessary to show the paradox of this inner life, its irrationality. Classicism divides everything in a straight line, into good and bad, into black and white. Romanticism does not divide anything in a straight line. Classicism is a system, but romanticism is not. Sentimentalism shows the inner life of a person, in which it is in harmony with the vast world. And romanticism contrasts inner world harmony.
Attempts to escape from reality and at the same time comprehend it gave rise to the emergence of a new ideological system - romanticism. Romantics often idealized patriarchal society, in which they saw the kingdom of goodness, sincerity, and decency. Poetizing the past, they went into ancient legends, folk tales. Romanticism received its own face in every culture: among the Germans - in mysticism; among the English - in a personality that will oppose itself to reasonable behavior; among the French - in unusual stories
Center artistic system romanticism - personality, main conflict(individuals and society). The decisive prerequisite for the development of romanticism were the events of the Great French Revolution.
In Russia, romanticism appeared in the poetry of V.A. Zhukovsky - he was considered the Russian founder of this genre. Romantic poets include K.N. Batyushkov, E.A. Baratynsky, N.M. Yazykov, and the early poetry of A.S. Pushkin developed within the framework of romanticism. The poetry of M.Yu. Lermontov, the “Russian baron,” can be considered the pinnacle of Russian romanticism. Philosophical lyrics F.I. Tyutchev is the completion and overcoming of romanticism in Russia.
- Can Vasily Terkin be called a “hero of his time”?
Any artistic image possesses not only individualistic, personal traits, but also carries something collective, general, is an exponent, a characteristic hero of his time. On the one hand, Vasily Terkin is not like the rest of the soldiers in the company: he is a cheerful fellow, he is distinguished by a peculiar sense of humor, he is not afraid of danger, but at the same time, Tvardovsky, when creating his hero, did not take any specific person as a model, so he turned out to be a writer collective image a soldier, a defender of the Russian land, ready at any moment to repel enemy attacks.
Terkin is brave, courageous, he is not afraid of bullets, enemy bombing, or icy water. In any situation, the hero knows how to stand up for himself and not let others down. The character of the hero is woven from dozens and hundreds of characters of ordinary Russian soldiers, endowed with universal human traits: kindness, respect for people, decency.
A.T. Tvardovsky gives his hero a telling surname: Terkin, it’s not for nothing that the most common phrase in the poem is: “We’ll endure it. Let's talk." The strength of the Russian spirit is such that a person can endure anything, but this does not make him angrier or more impatient, but on the contrary, he strives to help people, makes them believe in their strength. Terkin is a savvy and resourceful not only in war, but also in ordinary life. Thus, peaceful and military life merge together. The hero lives in war, constantly dreaming of victory, of simple village work. The writer calls Vasily Terkin differently in the poem, either he is an “ordinary guy”, with the weaknesses inherent in any person, or a hero.
Gradually, from an individual personality, the image of a hero grows to the level of literary generalization. A.T. Tvardovsky talks about the direct connection between people during the war years, that everyone strives for a peaceful life.
Therefore, the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky’s “Vasily Terkin” is still so popular, because it main character looks like himself an ordinary person, although in fact, he is the hero of that time.
Vasily Terkin. This name has long become a household name for the Russian soldier. This hero can rightfully be called epic, since his image is large-scale, great and comprehensive.
As the poem progresses, Terkin's character changes and develops. At first, he is simply a cheerful, simple-minded, lucky, energetic, cheerful and resourceful person. This was Tvardovsky’s original plan. He wanted to collect in the image of Terkin characteristic features Russian private. Gradually, Terkin's character goes beyond the author's intention. He literally becomes an epic figure. However, it should immediately be noted that what distinguishes him from the traditional epic hero is the combination of the everyday and the heroic, the comic and the serious. Heroism is complemented by humor, something lyrical, songlike, and all together presents an attractive image of a Soviet man at war.
Terkin went through the entire war from beginning to end. He absorbed all the bitter experience that a person can have in war. He fought in a swamp, crossed rivers, entered into hand-to-hand combat, shot down an enemy plane, was wounded more than once, faced death, and lay in hospitals. The author allowed him alone to experience all the hardships and hardships of the war. Tvardovsky could not do otherwise, feel sorry for his hero, because Terkin is not a person who can be pitied, but a portrait of the entire people. Like all the people, he had to experience the yoke of war. Maybe he went through something that others did not go through, but this is what gave him the opportunity to understand what a national tragedy is. That’s why this character is revealed so unexpectedly when Terkin remembers his native Smolensk region with the words:
My dear mother earth,All Smolensk relatives,
I'm sorry, I don't know why,
Just forgive me.
The tears of a soldier are worth a lot. He doesn’t know why to forgive him, and he doesn’t know why he’s crying. But his soldier's tears are a reaction to the terrible misfortune that he saw in front of him for so long. This scene reveals the depth of Vasily Terkin’s character and his spiritual growth. The meaning of these lines is vague, the author does not explain them, but gives the reader every opportunity to figure it out.
And in Terkin’s unexpected moods one can discern the deep sense of responsibility of everyone that has matured in him for everything the country has experienced, for its pain and suffering. The earth did not deserve this pain, but it endured it and remained the same as it was.
Vasily Terkin’s feeling of guilt can be explained in the same way as the guilt of survivors towards those who died. And many died, perhaps just a few weeks or even days before victory. Your friend has died. He still has relatives on earth. And you're alive. This motive is heard more than once in Tvardovsky. Who knows if Vasily Terkin considered himself responsible for those who did not see the spring of 1945? Here Terkin again appears as epic hero, since he seems to take the blame for all those who died upon himself, becoming the people's conscience. The word "Guilty!" - the last thing Terkin says. Further, he will not be directly present in the poem.
Finally, Terkin also embodies that highest sadness, without which there is no joy, acquired at such a high price. It's about about the fate of the "orphan soldier". Not a word is mentioned that this is Terkin. The author only gives a slight hint of this, mentioning that the land on which everything happens is the Smolensk region. Terkin was from Smolensk. And here it is, the people's grief, embodied in an ordinary soldier:
Maybe he was crying about his son,About the wife, about anything else,
About myself, what I knew: from now on
There is no one to cry for him.
We are not talking about just one soldier - about all those who did not spare themselves for the good of the Motherland, about those who returned to their home and found out that this home, drunk at night, no longer exists. This is a story about those who lived throughout the war with the dream of meeting their relatives and in one terrible moment learned that they had no relatives.
Terkin also appears at the end of the poem, but already invisible, as if behind the stage. Here Terkin is present both as a generalized image of a Russian soldier and as a specific person, but it is no longer clear whether it is Vasily himself or someone who simply called himself by a famous name. The fact is that Terkin is not alone. It found its embodiment in literally every soldier. If earlier he had one double - Ivan Terkin - now there are a great many of these doubles - the whole country.
In the final chapter, Terkin is presented as a collective image of the entire soldier's comradeship. We are talking about the chapter "In the Bath". The unknown soldier, as the author emphasizes, “is the same as Terkin.” Terkin's final dissolution into the mass of soldiers emphasizes his origins from the popular element. That is why they call the figure of Vasily Terkin epic. The author was able to reveal the richness of the unique personality of the hero of the poem, emphasizing that this is not a person, but an entire people, individualized solely so that the poem does not become a boring chronology of the war, but is imaginative and understandable to anyone.
How is the theme of war presented in the works of A. T. Tvardovsky? (Based on the poem “Vasily Terkin”) 1. Transformation of the former Vasya Terkin, a popular popular hero, into a beloved character. 2. The image of the Motherland in the poem. 3. The poem “Vasily Terkin” as an encyclopedia of war. 4. The author’s attitude towards his work.
In addition to the poems and essays written by Tvardovsky during the winter campaign of the Red Army of 1939-40, he took some part in the creation of the feuilleton character that appeared on the pages of the newspaper of the Leningrad Military District “On Guard of the Motherland” - the cheerful seasoned soldier Vasya Terkin.
“The enormity of the terrible and sad events of the war” (in the words of “Answer to Readers...”) sang to the significant transformation of the character of the newspaper feuilletons of 1939-1940. The former Vasya Terkin was a simplified, popular figure: “a hero, fathoms in the shoulders... he takes enemies with a bayonet, like sheaves with a pitchfork.” Perhaps this was also influenced by the then widespread misconception about the ease of the upcoming campaign.
“Vasily Terkin” is a wonderful poem by A. T. Tvardovsky. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War the poet was in the ranks Soviet army. He spent the entire war at the front, writing large number poems for Red Army newspapers. In the difficult trials of the war, the main character of Tvardovsky’s most popular poem, Vasily Terkin, a seasoned, brave, resilient Russian soldier, was born and raised. The poem about Terkin was written by Tvardovsky throughout the war.
The image of Vasily Terkin - the result huge amount life observations. In order to give Terkin a universal, national character, Tvardovsky chose a person who, at first glance, did not stand out with any special qualities. The hero does not express love and devotion to the Motherland in pompous phrases.
Terkin - who is he? Let's be honest: He's just a guy himself. He's ordinary. However, the guy is good. There is always a guy like that in every company, and in every platoon.
The poem has absorbed both grief and people's joy; it contains harsh, mournful lines, but even more filled with folk humor, full of great love for life. It seemed incredible that it was possible to write about the most cruel and difficult war in the history of nations so life-affirmingly, with such a bright philosophy of life. Terkin is an experienced soldier, a participant in the war with Finland. He participated in the Great Patriotic War from the first days: “in service from June, into battle from July.” Terkin is the embodiment of the Russian character.
Like from the western border
He retreated to the east;
How did he go, Vasya Terkin,
From the reserve private,
In a salted tunic
Hundreds of miles of native land.
How big is the earth?
The greatest land.
And there was a husband's bonus.
Someone else's, or your own.
The soldiers consider Terkin their boyfriend and are glad that he ended up in their company. Terkin has no doubt about the final victory. In the chapter “Two Soldiers”, when asked by the old man whether he can beat the enemy, Terkin replies: “We will, father.” He is convinced that true heroism does not lie in the beauty of the pose. Terkin thinks that in his place every Russian soldier would have done the same thing.
I would dream, not for the sake of glory, Before the morning of battle, I would wish to go to the right bank, Having gone through the battle, to enter alive.
The image of the Motherland in the poem is always imbued deep love. This is an old mother, and vast expanses, and great land where real heroes are born. The homeland is in danger, and it is everyone’s duty to defend it at the cost of their own lives.
The year has struck, the turn has come, Now we are responsible for Russia, for the people and for everything in the world. From Ivan to Thomas, Dead or alive, All of us together are us, That people, Russia. And since it’s us, I’ll tell you, Sh>ats, We have nowhere to go from this mess. Here you cannot say: I am not me. I don't know anything. You can't prove that your house is on edge these days. It's not a big deal for you to think alone. The bomb is stupid. Foolishly will hit the spot. Forget yourself in war,
Remember the honor, however,
Get to work - chest to chest.
A fight means a fight.
The poem “Vasily Terkin” can be called an encyclopedia of the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the main character, the poem contains many other characters - soldiers serving with Terkin, ordinary residents experiencing a terrible time in the rear or in German captivity. Today we can say with confidence that the poem “Vasily Terkin” remains one of the most beloved works about the war.
The author himself wrote about the “Book for a Fighter”: “whatever its own literary significance, for me she was true happiness. She gave me a sense of the legitimacy of the artist’s place in the great struggle of the people, a sense of the obvious usefulness of my work.”
Why is Vasily Terkin considered a folk hero? ? Please help me write an essay. and got the best answer
Reply from Alexander Kelsov[guru]
He goes, holy and sinful,
Russian miracle man.
Reply from Andrey Gladchenko[guru]
Eh.... How long will they consider me a people's cat and not a street cat?
Reply from KArasavitsa[guru]
Prankster, don't care. In short: a liar, a talker and a laugher... Start from this.
Reply from GRIGORY SEDELNIKOV[guru]
!HERE, SELECT THE ENTIRE TOP LINE AND PASTE!
Reply from Sura Play[newbie]
To understand and appreciate the true scale of the artist’s talent, his contribution to literature, one must proceed from what he said new about life and man, how his vision of the world relates to the moral and aesthetic ideals, ideas and tastes of the people. Tvardovsky never sought to be original. Any pose, any artificiality is alien to him:
Here are the poems, and everything is clear.
Everything is in Russian.
Throughout the war, while at the front, Tvardovsky worked on the poem “Vasily Terkin” - a work that was at the same time a true chronicle of the war, an inspiring propaganda word, and a deep understanding of the heroic feat of the people. The poem reflects the main stages of the Great Patriotic War, from its first days to complete victory over the enemy. This is how the poem develops, this is how it is constructed:
These lines and pages -
There is a special count of days and miles,
Like from the western border
To your home capital,
And from that native capital
Back to the western border
And from the western border
All the way to the enemy capital
We did our own hike.
The battle is holy and right,
Mortal combat is not for glory,
For the sake of life on earth.
“Vasily Terkin” is a “book about a fighter.” Terkin appears on the first pages of the work as an unassuming soldier-buffoon, who knows how to amuse and amuse the soldiers on a campaign and at a rest stop, innocently laughing at the mistakes of his comrades. But his joke always contains a deep and serious thought: the hero reflects on cowardice and courage, loyalty and generosity, great love and hatred. However, the poet saw his task not only in truthfully drawing the image of one of the millions of people who took on their shoulders the entire burden of the fight against the enemy. Gradually, Terkin’s image increasingly acquires generalized, almost symbolic features. The hero personifies the people:
Into battle, forward, into utter fire
He goes, holy and sinful,
Russian miracle man.
The poet’s high skill was manifested in the fact that he was able, without embellishing, but also without “grounding” the hero, to embody in him the fundamental moral qualities Russian people: patriotism, consciousness of responsibility for the fate of the Motherland, readiness for self-reliance
Reply from Sveta Svitlana[guru]
To understand and appreciate the true scale of the artist’s talent, his contribution to literature, one must proceed from what he said new about life and man, how his vision of the world relates to the moral and aesthetic ideals, ideas and tastes of the people. Tvardovsky never sought to be original. Any pose, any artificiality is alien to him.
The brilliant craftsmanship and nationality of Alexander Trifonovich’s creativity are visible in the principles artistic comprehension our lives, and in creation national characters era, renewal of poetic genres. V. Soloukhin said very correctly: “Tvardovsky is the largest Russian Soviet poet of the thirties, forties and fifties because the most important, most decisive events in the life of the country and people were best reflected in his poetry.”
Throughout the war, while at the front, Tvardovsky worked on the poem “Vasily Terkin” - a work that was at the same time a true chronicle of the war, an inspiring propaganda word, and a deep understanding of the heroic feat of the people. The poem reflects the main stages of the Great Patriotic War, from its first days to complete victory over the enemy. This is how the poem develops, this is how it is constructed.
Depicting war presented considerable difficulties for writers. Here one could fall into embellished reports in the spirit of superficial jingoistic optimism or fall into despair and present the war as a complete hopeless horror. In the introduction to “Vasily Terkin,” Tvardovsky defined his approach to the theme of war as a desire to show “the real truth,” “no matter how bitter it may be.” The poet depicts the war without any embellishment. The melancholy of retreat, painful anxiety for the fate of the Motherland, the pain of separation from loved ones, hard military labors and sacrifices, the ruin of the country, severe cold - all this is shown in “Terkin” as the truth demands, no matter how much it hits the soul. But the poem does not leave a depressing impression at all, does not plunge one into despondency. The poem is dominated by faith in the victory of good over evil, light over darkness. And in war, as Tvardovsky shows it, in the respites between battles, people rejoice and laugh, sing and dream, happily take a steam bath and dance in the cold. The author of the poem and its hero are helped to overcome the difficult trials of the war by their boundless love for the Motherland and understanding of the just nature of the fight against fascism. The refrain runs through the entire poem:
The battle is holy and right,
Mortal combat is not for glory,
For the sake of life on earth.
“Vasily Terkin” is a “book about a fighter.” Terkin appears on the first pages of the work as an unassuming soldier-buffoon, who knows how to amuse and amuse the soldiers on a campaign and at a rest stop, innocently laughing at the mistakes of his comrades. But his joke always contains a deep and serious thought: the hero reflects on cowardice and courage, loyalty and generosity, great love and hatred. However, the poet saw his task not only in truthfully drawing the image of one of the millions of people who took on their shoulders the entire burden of the fight against the enemy. Gradually, Terkin’s image increasingly acquires generalized, almost symbolic features. The hero personifies the people.
The poet’s high skill was manifested in the fact that he was able, without embellishment, but also without “downgrading” the hero, to embody in him the fundamental moral qualities of the Russian people: patriotism, consciousness of responsibility for the fate of the Motherland, readiness for selfless feats, love of work. The image created by Tvardovsky folk hero Vasily Terkin personifies the unbending character of a soldier, his courage and fortitude, humor and resourcefulness.
Tvardovsky's poem is an outstanding work, truly innovative. Both its content and form are truly folk. That's why it became the most significant poetic work about the Great Patriotic War, fell in love with millions of readers and, in turn, gave rise to hundreds of imitations and “sequels” among the people.
Our world has existed for several million years. Each era has its distinctive features, including the “hero of his time.” Such a person always stands out from the crowd; he is remembered because of his extraordinary character or some kind of feat. For example, Grigory Pechorin from famous novel Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is such because of his life principles and values. However, all this was in the 19th century. Who is the "hero" of the 20th century? Some readers nominate Vasily Terkin, the hero of the poem of the same name by Alexander Tvardovsky. Can he be considered a “hero of his time”? Let's try to figure it out.
To answer the question posed, it is worth first analyzing the character and actions of Terkin.
Let's start with the fact that the hero is a participant in the Great Patriotic War, for whom it is important to be brave, courageous and resilient. Terkin fits this description completely. In the chapter “Crossing,” the hero acts with dignity: he swims across an incredibly cold river in winter to report on the circumstances on the other side. Having overcome such a difficult path, Terkin is still able to joke: when he receives a refusal about the second glass of alcohol, in response to the colonel’s saying: “Well done, but there will be a lot - two at once,” he replies: “So there are two ends.” Also in the chapter "Two Soldiers" the hero behaves like a real man: helps old people with housework, without demanding anything in return, so they decide to treat him: “He ate a lot, but not greedily, he gave honor to the snack.” Leaving the hut, when asked by the old man whether they will beat the lazy German, Tyorkin replies: “We will, father...”, that is, what he does when a worthy soldier who, no matter what, believes in victory. In the chapter "Duel", being exhausted, he continues to fight the enemy, because people like him always go to the end. The chapter "Death and the Warrior" leads main argument about the fact that Terkin is a hero. Dying, the soldier asks the “oblique” to resurrect for one day in order to rejoice at the victory. Having been refused, Terkin gathers all his strength into his fist and defeats death.
Thus, after analyzing the character and actions of the character, we can conclude that he is a “hero of his time”. As mentioned earlier, in those years, perseverance, courage, and patience were considered important traits. Terkin certainly possessed them. In addition, he had a lot of other, no less remarkable qualities. Vasily Terkin is a man who can rightfully be called a “hero of his time.”
Updated: 2017-08-09
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