The best in Gogol's play “The Inspector General” social comedy of its time. “The Inspector General” played an important role in the development of public self-awareness. High realism closely merged in “The Inspector General” with satire, satire - with the embodiment of social ideas. The writer set himself the goal of “laughing hard” at what is “worthy of universal ridicule.” Gogol saw laughter as a powerful means of influencing society. According to Gogol in the play, he decided to “collect in one pile everything bad in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are being done in those places and in those cases where justice is most needed, and at one time laugh at everything.”
The city in the play is depicted through the eyes of the city owners themselves. And therefore we know about real streets where there are “taverns, uncleanliness.” Officials are not trying to change anything even before the arrival of the auditor: it is enough to just decorate the city and its public places, put a straw pole near the garbage dump so that it looks like a “layout,” and put clean caps on the unfortunate patients. The only sad thing is that the common misfortune is the arrival of the auditor. The city is united by a feeling of fear; it is fear that makes city officials almost brothers. There is complete chaos going on in the county town.
But life is not easy for people in this city. Especially merchants, whom officials rob in every possible way. The mayors take everything they see. And he also “completely killed the merchants by standing around.” But not only the mayor was unfair to the merchants, but also to many others. For example, the mayor ordered a married man to be turned into a soldier (and this is not according to the law) and to deprive his wife of her husband. Although the man should have taken the tailor’s son instead, his parents bribed the mayor. Or a completely innocent person, namely a non-commissioned officer, was flogged, and, moreover, for a mistake they were also forced to pay a fine. This is the image of a county town.
For example, in charitable institutions there is complete chaos: the city hospital, court, schools. There is dirt and theft everywhere. In the hospital they treat there “closer to nature”, they do not use expensive medicines, “a simple person, if he dies, then he will die anyway, and if he recovers, then he will recover anyway.” Patients wear dirty gowns. Shpekin calmly admits that he reads other people's letters. The postmaster stays at his place to read the most “playful” passages to the city society. IN educational institution the teachers behave strangely, making grimaces. And the history teacher explains “with such fervor.” The guards at the court brought in geese.
The officials were similar to each other. They had common features: ignorance, narrow-mindedness, superstition, envy, embezzlement, bribery. They also loved to gossip, especially Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky. It may be noted that none of them can be named an honest man who works for the benefit of his homeland, which, in fact, is the purpose of public service.
Gogol managed to show each image in such a way without losing his individual originality and typical way of life. It shows that such a city has no future.
1.1.1 Why does the news of the arrival of an auditor in the province cause concern among officials?
1.2.1 What feelings does returning to familiar places evoke in the lyrical hero?
Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1.1.1-1.1.2.
City. ...Here I will read to you a letter that I received from Andrei Ivanovich Chmykhov, whom you, Artemy Filippovich, know. This is what he writes: “Dear friend, godfather and benefactor (mutters in a low voice, quickly running his eyes) ... and notify you.” A! Here it is: “I hasten, by the way, to notify you that an official has arrived with instructions to inspect the entire province and especially our district (significantly raises his finger up). I learned this from the most reliable people, although he represents himself as a private person. Since I know that you, like everyone else, have sins, because you are a smart person and don’t like to miss what comes into your hands...” (stopping), well, here are my own... “then I advise you take precautions, because he can arrive at any hour, unless he has already arrived and lives somewhere incognito... Yesterday I..." Well, then family matters began to go: "...sister Anna Kirillovna came to my husband and I; Ivan Kirillovich has gained a lot of weight and keeps playing the violin...” - and so on, and so on. So this is the circumstance!
AMMOS FEDOROVICH. Yes, this circumstance is... extraordinary, simply extraordinary. Something for nothing.
Luka Lukich. Why, Anton Antonovich, why is this? Why do we need an auditor?
City. For what! So, apparently, it’s fate! (Sighing.) Until now, thank God, we have been approaching other cities; Now it's our turn.
AMMOS FEDOROVICH. I think, Anton Antonovich, that there is a subtle and more political reason here. This means this: Russia... yes... wants to wage war, and the ministry, you see, sent an official to find out if there is any treason.
City. Eh, where have you had enough! More smart man! There is treason in the county town! What is he, borderline, or what? Yes, from here, even if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state.
Amm about with Fyodorovich. No, I’ll tell you, you’re not that... you’re not... The authorities have thin types: Even though it’s far away, it’s still shaking itself.
City. It shakes or doesn’t shake, but I, gentlemen, warned you. Look, I have made some orders for my part, and I advise you to do the same. Especially you, Artemy Filippovich! Without a doubt, a passing official will want, first of all, to inspect the charitable institutions under your jurisdiction - and therefore you should make sure that everything is decent: the caps would be clean, and the sick would not look like blacksmiths, as they usually do at home.
A r t e m iy F i l i p o v i c h Well, that’s nothing. The caps, perhaps, can be put on clean.
City. Yes, and also above each bed write in Latin or some other language... this is your thing, Christian Ivanovich - every disease: when someone got sick, what day and date... It’s not good that you have such patients They smoke strong tobacco that you always sneeze when you enter. And it would be better if there were fewer of them: they would immediately be attributed to poor judgment or the lack of skill of the doctor.
A r t e m iy F i l i p p o v i c h. Oh! As for healing, Christian Ivanovich and I took our own measures: the closer to nature, the better - we do not use expensive medicines. A simple man: if he dies, he will die anyway; if he recovers, then he will recover. And it would be difficult for Christian Ivanovich to communicate with them: he doesn’t know a word of Russian.
Christian Ivanovich makes a sound,
somewhat similar to the letter "i" and somewhat similar to the letter "e".
City. I would also advise you, Ammos Fedorovich, to pay attention to public places. In your front room, where petitioners usually come, the guards have kept domestic geese with little goslings that are scurrying around under your feet. It is, of course, commendable for anyone to start a household chore, and why shouldn’t the watchman start one? only, you know, it’s indecent in such a place... I wanted to point this out to you before, but somehow I forgot everything.
Amm o s Fyodorovich. But today I’ll order them all to be taken to the kitchen. If you want, come and have lunch.
City. Besides, it’s bad that you have all sorts of rubbish dried in your very presence and a hunting rifle right above the cupboard with papers. I know you love hunting, but it’s better to accept him for a while, and then, when the inspector passes, perhaps you can hang him again.
(N.V. Gogol. “The Inspector General”)
Read the work below and complete tasks 1.2.1–1.2.2.
| I visited again That corner of the earth where I spent An exile for two years unnoticed. Ten years have passed since then - and a lot Changed my life And myself, obedient to the general law, I have changed - but here again The past embraces me vividly, And it seems the evening was still wandering I'm in these groves. Here is the disgraced house Where I lived with my poor nanny. The old lady is no longer there - already behind the wall I don’t hear her heavy steps, Not her painstaking watch. Here is a wooded hill, above which I sat motionless and looked To the lake, remembering with sadness Other shores, other waves... Between golden fields and green pastures It, turning blue, spreads widely; Through its unknown waters A fisherman swims and pulls along Poor net. We'll slop along the banks The villages are scattered - there behind them The mill crooked, its wings were struggling Tossing and turning in the wind... On the border Grandfather's possessions, in that place, Where the road goes up the mountain, Rugged by rain, three pines They stand - one at a distance, the other two Close to each other - here, when they pass I rode on horseback in the moonlight, The rustling of their peaks is a familiar sound I was greeted. Along that road Now I have gone, and in front of me I saw them again. They're still the same Still the same rustle, familiar to the ear - But near the roots they are outdated (Where once everything was empty, bare) Now the young grove has grown, Green Family; the bushes are crowding Under their shadow, like children. And in the distance One of their sullen comrades stands, Like an old bachelor, and around him Everything is still empty. Hello tribe Young, unfamiliar! not me I will see your mighty late age, When you outgrow my friends And you will cover their old head From the eyes of a passerby. But let my grandson Hears your welcoming noise when, Returning from a friendly conversation, Full of cheerful and pleasant thoughts, He will pass by you in the darkness of the night And he will remember me. |
(A. S. Pushkin, 1835)
1.1.2 What role do the details mentioned by the mayor play in the above fragment?
1.2.2 What role do epithets play in the above poem?
Explanation.
1.1.2. Artistic detail - important tool expressiveness. Sometimes, with the help of a detail, the author manages to say more than a few pages of text. In the above passage, with the help of details, a picture of the county town is compiled. This is how we learn that patients are like blacksmiths in hospitals, and in court they breed “domestic geese with little goslings.” Without assessing what is happening, Gogol leaves the right for readers to read between the lines and draw conclusions.
1.2.2. Epithets are figurative definitions; they give the text expressiveness, imagery, and brightness. There are many epithets in Pushkin's poem. The epithet “disgraced” (being out of favor with the authorities) echoes the meaning of the word exile. The lines about the nanny are imbued with filial feeling. How much pain there is in the words “the old lady is no longer here”! Epithets help the poet draw the image of the nanny and talk about his feelings for her. The poet will never hear “her heavy steps...” and will never forget her “painstaking” watch. Epithets are also used in descriptions of nature: “golden” fields, etc.
Explanation.
1.1.1. Gogol's comedy became, as it were, a mirror in which pictures of bribery, embezzlement, and abuses characteristic of Russian life in Nicholas Russia were reflected. There is complete chaos going on in the county town. This is why the arrival of an auditor is a cause for concern. Officials are ruled by fear: they have something to fear, because they have too many “sins” on their record. The city is united by a feeling of fear; it is fear that makes city officials almost brothers.
1.2.1. Lyrical hero returns to the place where he was imprisoned for two years. He sees the “disgraced house” where he once lived with a nanny who is no longer there. The lyrical hero worries, because he loved her, calls her affectionately - “old lady”. Despite the sadness, the poem, written in difficult days for Pushkin, is imbued with cheerfulness, faith in the rationality of life, in the final victory of light over darkness. The poet conveyed his farewell greetings to future generations and bequeathed to them his historical optimism.
On the topic ". Poet and statesman. Analysis of the ode “Nobleman”. The ode “Nobleman” is an excited and inspired monologue by the author, explaining how the top officials in the state should act and exposing their vices.
The satire in the ode is directed against the phenomenon of “nobility” in general.
The work is based on the antithesis: ideal image honest and incorruptible statesman contrasted collective portrait the tsar's favorite, robbing the country and people.
Option 1. Words and combinations that convey the image of an honest and incorruptible statesman.
Option 2. Words and combinations of words that paint a portrait of the Tsar’s favorite robbing the country and people.
Conclusion: What is the nobleman like in the image of Derzhavin?
Outline open lesson literature on the comedy "The Inspector General"
Intrigue lesson on the comedy “The Inspector General” in 8th grade
“The auditor is coming to see us.”
Topic: Exposing the vices of officialdom in the play. Techniques of satire
images of officials. Development of ideas about comedy, satire,
Purpose: to reveal the author's intention; show how circumstances led officials to their fatal mistake, how the dramatic action begins and is expressed; show techniques satirical image officials; develop an idea of the essence of the comic.
Equipment: props for staging 1st phenomenon of 1st act, portrait of the writer, computer presentation, illustration (portrait of Strawberry), cards for IZ group B, epigraph (on the poster).
Progress of the lesson.
1. Teacher's word: message of the type and topic of the lesson. Appeal to the lexical meaning of the word “intrigue” (written on the board),
“intrigue” - 1) machinations, hidden actions
2) the method of constructing the plot of the work
“In The Inspector General, I decided to collect in one pile everything bad in Russia..., all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required from a person, and at once laugh at everything. But through the laughter the reader heard sadness"
2. Computer presentation on comedy.
3. Workshop. Dramatization of 1 phenomenon 1 action.
Presentation of gentlemen actors. "Motor! Start!"
4. Conversation on questions (test of knowledge of the text: 1 action)
Who brings the news that the auditor is already in town?
How did Bobchinsky know about the arrival of the auditor, since he was not present when the letter was read?
According to Dobchinsky, he learned about this from the housekeeper Avdotya. How did Avdotya know about the arrival of the auditor?
Teacher's word: The news that Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky bring comes to prepared ground.
5. Updating homework. Conversation on questions:
Why did the news of the auditor’s arrival so alarm the officials of the district town?
What is the meaning of the mayor’s advice and the intentions of each official?
What fur coat and shawl belonging to the mayor’s wife does the judge mention? What is their origin? (advanced question for group A)
What kind of sins are city officials guilty of? What is the state of their affairs? (individually about each) (we comment on the “talking” surnames as a way of satirical depiction)
Look at the illustration. Which official do you think is depicted on it? (Strawberries) Why did you decide this?
Listen to how Alyosha described his appearance while completing the task even before reading the comedy ( individual assignment from a Russian language lesson, completed by a student studying under the 8th type program):
"A moderately well-fed person ( to put it mildly - my release ). Apparently he loves to eat, and he is happy about it. He seems to be holding a banana or something else in his hands. Decently dressed, with a haircut. Apparently it’s working somewhere.”
6. Teacher's summary word(test of knowledge of the text of step 1):
An official is a person who is public service. This means that he must serve the state, the people living in this state. The officials depicted by Gogol lead the most important government agencies: hospital, school, court (address to the epigraph). Are they up to the job? (No) What are they afraid of? (Revelations) The feeling of imminent imminent danger, involuntary fear spreads to everyone present.
Two weeks as an auditor in the city! Fathers, matchmakers! – the mayor exclaims in horror, clutching his head. - In these two weeks, a non-commissioned officer's wife was flogged! The prisoners were not given provisions! There's a tavern on the streets, it's unclean! Disgrace! Blame!
From this moment on, events begin to unfold very quickly. Why is the mayor most concerned?
What method of meeting the visiting auditor does he choose and why? (D.1 Yavl.3) (See if those passing by are experiencing any troubles in the hotel. Supposedly showing care and zeal for service)
7. Updating literary concepts:
From the point of view of composition, what is the inspired 1st phenomenon of 1st action? Prove it. (They remember the classical composition. Already in the exposition, the author intrigues the reader, the anxiety of the officials is conveyed to us).
From a compositional point of view, what is a rapid development of events called? (Commencement)
8. Working with text 2 steps.
A) Conversation of an advanced nature (for group A):
So, the mayor goes to the hotel to meet with the auditor.
What do we learn about the official Ivan Alexandrovich who arrived from St. Petersburg
Khlestakov from the monologue of his servant Osip? (monologue answer)
From the dialogues between Khlestakov and Osip? Khlestakov and the tavern servant? From Khlestakov's monologue?
B) Teacher's word: That's it, the auditor! At some point the question arises: what does this Khlestakov have to do with the action that began earlier? (Khlestakov’s remark: “... in the dining room this morning, two short people were eating salmon and a lot of other things” - clarifies the situation, and we understand that the city gossips Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky accepted this careless, stupid, vain, cowardly and empty person for a “statesman”, for an auditor). It turns out that the auditor is imaginary. But the mayor does not know this. Let's see how they meet. When reading a comedy, we pay attention to the author’s remarks; they convey the internal state of the characters.
B) Reading by roles of the scene of the meeting between the mayor and Khlestakov (phenomenon 8, act 2. ( characters: mayor and Khlestakov) p.290-292
D) Conversation on issues:
What is Khlestakov afraid of?
What is the mayor afraid of?
What is the relationship between them? What do the author’s remarks tell us?
Teacher's word: So this is the meeting! The content of the dialogue and the author's remarks indicate that there is a misunderstanding between them. Humor is built on misunderstanding and inconsistency.
At what point does the mayor begin to calm down internally: “both incognito is preserved and nobility is shown”? (When Khlestakov takes money from him)
Teacher's word: This is a familiar situation for an official: giving and taking bribes.
IN modern Russia This situation in the conduct of public affairs, alas, has not been eliminated. The comedy, written in the 19th century, remains topical and relevant in the 21st century. The vices of bureaucracy, satirically ridiculed by Gogol, do exist. (address to the epigraph)
9. Homework: “Let’s get to know the St. Petersburg official.”
We read acts 2 and 3.
The story about Khlestakov according to plan (recorded on back side boards):
1. What do we know about Khlestakov’s past?
2. What are life ideals Khlestakov and how are they determined?
3. What prompts Khlestakov to tell tales about himself?
10. Lesson summary:
A) Reflection. Reasoned evaluation of the performance of “gentlemen actors”
B) Grades for the lesson.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol needs no introduction. He is known, in particular, for fighting the shortcomings of his contemporary society with the help of laughter. In 1835, Gogol decided to compose a play that would present truly Russian vices and characters. Thus, in 1836, the comedy “The Inspector General” was born. Main character her name is Khlestakov Ivan Aleksandrovich. Today we will talk about why Khlestakov was mistaken for an auditor, a big official from St. Petersburg. After all, it would seem that his true position in society was not difficult to unravel.
News of the imminent arrival of the auditor
In order to answer the question of why Khlestakov was mistaken for an auditor, it is necessary to turn to the very beginning of the work. Gogol's comedy begins with Anton Antonovich, the mayor, gathering officials together and saying that he has “very unpleasant news” for everyone. It turns out that an auditor is due to arrive from St. Petersburg soon with an inspection. At the same time, it is unknown what he will look like and when exactly he is going to arrive. This news, naturally, shocked the officials of the city of N. It brought some confusion into their measured and lazy life.
State of affairs in the city N
It should be said that the officials were bribe takers. Each of them is concerned only with how to get more money. It seems that at that time in the city of N ordinary things officials were spending the city treasury and accepting bribes. Even the law was powerless against this.
The mayor, for example, justified himself by saying that his salary was insufficient. It was allegedly not enough even for tea with sugar. As for the city judge, he did not at all consider that he was a bribe-taker, since he took not money, but puppies. The postmaster of the city of N also distinguished himself. To obtain information, he opened other people's letters.
Of course, such an irresponsible attitude of officials towards official duties ultimately led to the fact that the city fell into disrepair. It is clear that the news of the upcoming inspection alarmed the local authorities. It is not surprising why Khlestakov was mistaken for an auditor in this turmoil.
Preparing for the arrival of the auditor
While waiting for the authorities to arrive with an inspection, each of the officials began to frantically remember what needed to be done. Finally, they all began to make attempts to restore order in their departments. There was a lot of work. Servants in the courthouse were drying clothes and raising geese. Patients in the local hospital smoked tobacco and wore dirty clothes. The church should have been built a long time ago, 5 years ago, but its opening did not take place. The mayor ordered everyone to say that the fire destroyed this building. It was ordered to demolish old fence, located near the shoemaker. In its place it was ordered to put a model made of straw. Mayor Anton Antonovich himself, looking at such a deplorable state of affairs, self-critically admitted that this was a “bad city.”
Arrival of Khlestakov
City officials, of course, were afraid of their superiors. Therefore, they were ready to see an inspector from the capital in any visitor. That's why Khlestakov's officials mistook him for an auditor. When a rumor spread that some unknown person had been living in the hotel in city N for a long time, everyone decided that this stranger must certainly be an auditor. In addition, Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov (that was the guest’s name) arrived from St. Petersburg and was dressed in the latest metropolitan fashion. Indeed, why should a resident of the capital come to county town? There can be only one answer: to carry out verification! We hope it is now clear to you why officials mistook Khlestakov for an auditor.
Meeting of the "auditor" with the mayor
The meeting between Ivan Alexandrovich and the mayor is very interesting. The latter, in a panic, put a box on his head instead of a hat. The mayor was handing out the last instructions to his subordinates on the move before meeting with an important guest.
The comedy of the scene of the meeting of these heroes lies in the fact that both of them are afraid. The innkeeper threatened Khlestakov that he would hand him over to the mayor and he would be sent to prison. And then the mayor appears... Both heroes are afraid of each other. Ivan Alexandrovich also screams loudly and gets excited, which makes his guest shake with fear even more. The mayor tries to give him a bribe to appease him, invites the “auditor” to stay with him. Having met an unexpectedly warm welcome, Khlestakov calms down. At first, Ivan Alexandrovich does not even suspect who the mayor thinks he is. He does not immediately think about why he was received so warmly. Khlestakov is completely sincere and truthful. He turned out to be more simple-minded, not more cunning, because he did not intend to deceive at first. However, the mayor believes that the auditor is in this way trying to hide who he really is. If Ivan Aleksandrovich had been a conscious liar, he would have had a much greater chance of being unraveled and understood. The way Khlestakov was mistaken for an auditor is very significant. General fear did not allow the officials and the mayor to open their eyes.
How Khlestakov played his role in the comedy "The Inspector General"
Let us note that in the future Ivan Aleksandrovich was not at a loss. He performed the role imposed by circumstances superbly. At first, Khlestakov thought, when he saw the officials and the mayor, that they had arrived in order to put him in prison for failure to pay the debt for the hotel. However, then he realized that he had been mistaken for some high-ranking official. And Ivan Alexandrovich was not averse to taking advantage of this. At first, he easily borrowed money from each of the city officials.
Khlestakov in the comedy "The Inspector General" became a respected person and a welcome guest in any home. He charmed the mayor's daughter and wife, and even invited his daughter to marry him.
Scene of lies
The scene of Ivan Alexandrovich's lies - climax works. Khlestakov, in the role of an auditor, having drunk a fair amount, talks about how he has an excellent position in the capital. He knows Pushkin, dines with the minister, and is an indispensable employee. And in his free time from work, Khlestakov allegedly writes musical and literary works.
It seems that because of his lies he is about to be exposed, but the local public hangs on his every word and believes in all sorts of absurdities. Osip, Ivan Alexandrovich's servant, turns out to be the only one who understood the mistake Khlestakov made. Fearing for his master, he takes him away from the city of N.
Deception Revealed
What was it like for city officials when they discovered that they had been deceived by some petty employee who had arrived from St. Petersburg! The play further ensues a fight between them. Each of them seeks to find out who failed to recognize the impostor and why Khlestakov was mistaken for an auditor. However, the misadventures of city N officials do not end there. After all, news arrives that he has arrived a real auditor! This ends the play.
Positive hero of the play
Nikolai Vasilyevich was often reproached for the fact that his work lacks goodies. Gogol responded to this that there is still one such character - this is laughter.
So, we answered the question: “Why was Khlestakov mistaken for an auditor?” Briefly summarizing the above, we note that fear is the main cause of universal error. It is he who is the engine of the plot in Gogol’s work and creates a situation of delusion. It is the fear of losing a warm place and the fear of inspection that gives rise to which absolutely all the characters in the comedy find themselves in.
Zinaida BLINOVA,
Simskaya secondary school,
Yuryev-Polsky district,
Vladimir region
The nature of the comic in the play by N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
Lesson system. Lesson planning
- Trouble in the county town. Commented reading of the first act of the comedy.
- The mayor's visit to the hotel. Commented reading of the second act.
- “Coronation” of Khlestakov. Commented reading of the third act.
- The triumph and fall of the mayor. Retribution. Commented reading of the fifth act.
- “Through the laughter visible to the world...” Carnival as the basis of comedy.
- District city, its rulers and inhabitants.
- Mayor and Khlestakov. Mastery of speech characteristics.
- Speech development. Independent work on comedy.
LESSON SYSTEM
Lesson 1
N.V. Gogol. "Inspector". General notes. Trouble in the county town. Commented reading of the first act of the comedy.
Goals:
- Determine the directions and objectives of studying the comedy “The Inspector General”.
- Master the content of comedy.
I. The history of the comedy and the source of the plot.
N.V. Gogol loved the theater very much and had a remarkable ability to guess a person and portray him humorously and playfully. Pushkin, noticing this tendency of Gogol, advised him to take on a large essay, suggested a plot for the poem “Dead Souls”, and then for the comedy “The Inspector General”.
Once upon a time in Nizhny Novgorod, which Pushkin passed while collecting information about Pugachev, he was mistaken for an important government official. This made Pushkin laugh and was remembered as a plot, which he gave to Gogol. Such stories were very common.
II. Gogol's ideological plan.
“In The Inspector General, I decided to collect in one pile everything bad in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are being done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required from a person, and at one time laugh at everything.” (N.V. Gogol. Author's confession).
III. Features of a dramatic work.
- A dramatic work (tragedy, drama, comedy) is intended for acting and production on stage.
- The basis of the plot is conflict and intrigue.
- Features of the play's text: dialogues, monologues, remarks by the author; dividing the text into actions (acts) and phenomena (scenes).
IV. Directions for observing the text and analyzing it.
- The plot and composition of the comedy.
- Means of comic image.
- Features of the speech of the mayor and Khlestakov.
Note. For each direction, take the appropriate notebook pages and title them.
V. Reading the poster indicating the characters and interlinear.
Historical commentary on the table of ranks.
VI. Commented reading of the first act (small notes in the third phenomenon and retelling of the sixth phenomenon).
VII. Generalization.
Questions for conversation.
- What event is the starting point?
- Why did the news about the auditor alarm the city?
Homework.
- Re-read the first act; write down the plan of events.
Lesson 2
The mayor's visit to the hotel. Meeting Khlestakov. Commented reading of the second act.
Goals:
- Continue observing the plot of the comedy and the characters.
- Collect material about various forms of comic depiction of heroes.
I. Repetition of knowledge gained from reading the first act.
1. Plot (compositional) plan (fragments).
The beginning. News of the arrival of the auditor.
Development of action:
- the mayor gives orders to officials;
- Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky report that the auditor is staying in a hotel;
- The mayor gives instructions to the quarterly and private bailiffs and goes to the hotel.
2. Elements of comic image in the first act.
- Speaking names.
- Irony.
- Hyperbola.
- Self-exposure.
- Absurdity, absurdity.
- Exaggerated claims.
- Hint.
- An unreasonable reproach.
- Patter with interruption of speech.
- Mask.
- Farce.
- Reservation.
- “Report” notes.
- “Funny” logic.
3. Notes on the mayor’s speech:
- the mayor talks with officials, that is, with his own;
- he makes comments to them, gives advice;
- he is not shy in expressions (“Where are you going!”, “He’ll make such a face,” “It’s a disaster if he’s an old devil”);
- most often the exclamatory nature of sentences;
- a commanding tone, then notes of fear.
4. Conclusions from observations of the mayor’s speech:
II. Commented reading of the second act of the comedy.
Phenomenon 2. Retelling and reading from: “Again, he says...” to the end of the phenomenon.
Phenomenon 3, 4. Retelling.
Phenomenon 5. Reading.
Phenomenon 7. Message about the arrival of the mayor.
Phenomenon 8. Reading without cuts.
Phenomenon 9. Retelling.
Phenomenon 10. Reading with some notes.
III. Generalization of observations.
The action continues to develop. The mayor comes to Khlestakov and invites him to his place, giving him a bribe.
2. Elements of a comic image.
- Biography of Khlestakov.
- Contrast between dreams and reality.
- A combination of fear and ambition.
- Text out loud and aside, the difference between them.
- Undesirable associations.
- Farce (the fall of Bobchinsky).
3. Speech of the heroes:
Homework.
Lesson 3
“Coronation” of Khlestakov. Commented reading of the third act.
Goals:
- Determine the compositional meaning of the third action.
- Continue observing the text in the selected directions.
I. Work on mastering the content of the third act.
1. Brief retelling content of phenomena 1 to 4.
2. Reading from phenomenon 2 Anna Andreevna’s remark about the note written by her husband on Khlestakov’s account. The definition of this comic technique is as an overlay of texts.
3. Reading phenomena 5 and 6 (15 minutes).
4. Brief retelling of phenomena 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
II. Conversation on the content of the third act.
1. Earlier we observed Khlestakov’s truthfulness in the story about himself. Does he remain faithful to the truth now? Why?
- No. He lies fantastically. It is noticeable that he is showing off, involuntarily elevating himself both in his own and in the eyes of others.
2. What is he lying about?
- The head of the department is on friendly terms with him.
- They wanted to make him a collegiate assessor.
- The watchman runs after him to clean his boots.
- On friendly terms with Pushkin.
- I composed a lot.
- His first house is in St. Petersburg.
- He attends magnificent balls.
- Plays whist with different messengers.
- Lives in the mezzanine.
- Managed the department.
- The State Council itself is afraid of him.
- He was mistaken for the commander-in-chief.
3. How does Khlestakov characterize his speech?
- It's mixed up different styles:
a) romantic “secular” chatter (“We’re used to living... in the light and suddenly find ourselves on the road”; “dirty taverns”, “darkness of ignorance”);
b) official clerical jargon (“If you please, gentlemen, I accept the position”, “...for writing, such a rat...”);
c) bookish-sentimental style (“Yes, the village, however, also has its hills and streams”);
d) colloquial vernacular (“And it’s strange: the director left - it’s unknown where he went”).
- Khlestakov’s speech shows his complete thoughtlessness, he often contradicts himself and does not notice it, he really has an extraordinary ease of thought.
4. What is the scene of lying compositionally?
- The climax.
5. Why can we say that Khlestakov was “crowned”?
- Officials, including the mayor, believe Khlestakov and are in awe of him. The mayor even tries to enlist the support of Khlestakov’s servant Osip, who cunningly did not betray his owner.
III. Generalization of observations.
1. Plot. Climax. Khlestakov's lies.
2. Elements of the comic.
- Text overlays.
- Confusion (in a proverb).
- Irony and hint.
- Grotesque lies of Khlestakov.
Homework.
Lesson 4
The triumph and fall of the mayor. Retribution. Commented reading of the fourth act.
Goals:
- Complete observation of the events and characters of the comedy.
- Draw up a compositional plan for a comedy.
I. Review of the contents of the fourth act.
Picture 1. Parade of officials:
- Ammos Fedorovich's advice to introduce yourself one by one;
- Khlestakov’s confession of contentment with such a life;
- judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin timidly gives a bribe to the “auditor”;
- Khlestakov himself asks the postmaster for a loan of 300 rubles;
- Artemy Filippovich denounces the judge, the postmaster, the superintendent of schools, talks about his family, gives money to Khlestakov in response to his request;
- Khlestakov asks Dobchinsky for 1000 rubles, but is content with 65 rubles from him and his friend;
- Dobchinsky asks for his illegitimate son;
- Bobchinsky asks to be notified about him in St. Petersburg;
- Khlestakov intends to write to Tryapichkin about this fool;
- Osip advises us to go.
Picture 2. Khlestakov and complainants.
- Merchants. Locksmith. Non-commissioned officer. The rest were driven away. Changes in Khlestakov’s reactions to complaints.
Picture 3. Khlestakov's red tape. Courtship of Marya Antonovna. Proposal to Anna Andreevna. Prayer for a blessing on marriage. Good news for the mayor.
Picture 4. Seeing off Khlestakov.
II. Generalization.
1. What are these events in terms of plot?
- Elements in the development of action.
2. What created comic effect in these scenes?
- “Naive” self-exposure of the heroes.
- Khlestakov’s growing “revelry”, his looseness and frankness.
- Serious perception of his words and actions, perception of what is visible as desired.
III. Commented reading of the fifth act.
Apparitions 3–7. Retell visits and congratulations, show the contrast between internal motivations and external expression.
IV. Generalization.
1. What is the fifth act in compositional terms?
- Climax and denouement.
2. Are there any comic elements here? What are they?
- Alogism in the actions of the heroes (IV d.).
- Frank dreams.
- The hyperbolism of the mayor's boastfulness.
- The contrast of speeches - abuse, swearing - and the height of the position.
- With and without a mask.
- Exact characteristics of officials in Khlestakov’s letter.
- Self-characteristics of the mayor.
3. How can you characterize the speech of the mayor?
- She's full of rough simple words, abusive expressions, offensive phrases;
- the hero threw off the mask of a venerable city leader and shamelessly demonstrated his rudeness, lack of culture, and lack of self-control.
V. Composition plan comedies.
The beginning. News of the arrival of the auditor.
Development of action.
- Orders of the mayor to officials. News from the hotel.
- Instructions for the police.
- The mayor's visit to the hotel.
- Khlestakov's inspection of charitable institutions. Khlestakov in the mayor's house.
- Parade of officials and complainants.
- Khlestakov's matchmaking.
Climax. Khlestakov's lies and the mayor's triumph.
Denouement. Khlestakov’s letter to Tryapichkin, news of the arrival of a real auditor.
Homework
Reproduce the content of comic elements, read any scene by role.
Lessons 5 and 6
“Through the laughter visible to the world...” Carnival as the basis of the comedy “The Inspector General.”
Goals:
- Systematize the knowledge of the elements of a comic image acquired in annotated reading lessons.
- Show the peculiarity of the comic basis of Gogol's play.
- Help to understand the main feature of the comic category in art.
I. Opening remarks teachers.
Depicted in the comedy by N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" has its origins in a carnival folk performance, in which everything is the other way around: the serious becomes frivolous, the sad becomes funny, the high becomes low and vice versa.
The main leading moment of the carnival is the “crowning or debunking” of something or someone, causing the crowd to laugh.
II. Determining the method of working on reproducing carnival scenes.
Experience of director's commentary on carnival scenes from the point of view of comic effect, attempts to dramatize individual moments of the carnival.
III. Reproduction of carnival scenes.
| Discussion | Conclusions |
1. How did the author introduce us to the characters?
3. What reaction did the news of the auditor’s arrival evoke among city officials?
That's what we'll call the 1st scene. 4. How does it manifest itself?
5. Do officials agree with how unsightly the institutions under their jurisdiction look? Are they going to restore order?
6. What precipitated the commotion? Why wasn't anyone alert?
|
Scene 1. Trouble in the city. 1. Debunking the heroes in their surnames. 2. Self-exposure of heroes and choice of masks. 3. Friends' gossip and a “convincing” conclusion. The main task of the actors is to show that the comic effect arises from the incongruity of the situation in which the officials find themselves, since fear has big eyes. |
1. Who reacted more sharply than others to the landowners’ gossip and how?
2. What is this fuss expressed in? Reading in person phenomena 4 and 5 of act 1. |
Scene 2. The mayor’s bustle.
It's the other way around. |
1. How did Gogol portray the “auditor”?
2. What did the viewer understand from these scenes?
3. Show the contrast between his position and claims. See phenomena 5, 6 of act 2. |
Scene 3. The hero enters the arena.
And this is the king? |
1. How was Khlestakov “placed” as a “king”?
Show, for example, how Strawberry was looking for praise and went wrong. See scene 5 of act 3. |
Scene 4. Coronation of the hero.
“And the king is naked!” |
1. How did the mayor behave at the head of his retinue?
2. What did he look like in his fictional celebration?
3. When he saw the light, who did he blame?
|
Scene 5. In a jester's cap.
“There’s no point in blaming the mirror...” |
IV. Generalization.
1. Having reviewed the elements of a comic image, now tell me why such a strong, expressive comic effect occurs?
The complex effect arises due to the clear discrepancy between the real and the imaginary:
- officials, wanting to please an important person, pleased the empty Khlestakov, a completely random person;
- they all wanted to deceive, but they themselves were deceived;
- a starving and penniless petty official was exalted “to heaven”;
- The mayor already imagined himself as a general, but he turned out to be a fool.
The basis of this discrepancy is in the comedy “The Inspector General” alogism, that is, a violation of logical connections.
2. What is this alogism in Gogol’s comedy?
- An empty, worthless man “without a king in his head” was mistaken for an important person, they glorified him, and they themselves found themselves in an absurd position.
3. What is the meaning of the appearance of the gendarme?
- This is a sign of retribution for deception.
4. Compare Gogol’s ideological concept in comedy and its implementation.
- Gogol really collected everything bad in Russia and laughed at it. But he is also sad. “Through the laughter visible to the world, tears invisible to the world” are felt in the play, in the position of the author.
Homework.
Prepare a story about officials and other inhabitants of the city, their relationships.
Lesson 7
District city, its rulers and inhabitants.
Goals:
- Summarize students’ knowledge about the heroes of the comedy “The Inspector General” and systematize observations.
- Understand the meaning of the statement about the immortality of comedy.
I. Conversation on the topic of the lesson.
1. What does the comedy say about the location of the city?
- This is not a border town.
- Far from the capital.
- It is located on the way from St. Petersburg to the Saratov province.
2. What is the system of images?
Officials: mayor, judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Strawberry, Shpekin, Khlopov.
Police: Ukhovertov, private bailiff, Svistunov, Pugovitsin, Derzhimorda.
Inhabitants: landowners, Dr. Gibner, merchants, petitioners, locksmith, non-commissioned officer, servants.
3. What relationships develop between and within these groups of heroes?
1) There are conflicting relationships between officials and city residents:
- the mayor robs merchants, shaves the locksmith's husband, orders guilty merchants to be punished with billeting, robs the treasury, takes bribes, does not delve into the essence of the matter;
- the judge is mainly busy with hunting, indifferent to business;
- patients are not treated;
- no one understands the work of schools;
- letters are printed at the post office;
- the streets are dirty;
- take bribes and give them.
Conclusion: officials are least concerned about the matter and abuse their official position for their own benefits.
2) There is hostile relations between the police and city residents:
- Derzhimorda puts “lanterns” on both the right and the wrong;
- prisoners are not given provisions;
- The non-commissioned officer was beaten so much that she could not sit down for two days;
- complaints were not considered, bribes were taken.
3) There are unfriendly relations between officials:
- ostentatious respect for superiors, flattery;
- servility, denunciations;
- enmity, envy, mistrust.
Conclusion: the rulers of the city are depicted as corporations of thieves and robbers. They are united by the opportunity to get rich and separated by the thirst to succeed in this more than others.
4. What event reveals such general conflictual relationships in the city?
- Arrival of the auditor.
5. What makes the rulers of the city and the inhabitants unite?
- Arrival of the auditor. The inhabitants unite to complain about the rulers, and they agree to be together to deceive the auditor.
6. What gives way to the conflict between the authorities and the people?
- Another conflict - a conflict with a ghost.
II. Generalization.
1. What district city did Gogol paint?
- Ordinary and ugly. This is a prefabricated (typical) city.
2. Point out the main abuses (“disgrace”).
- Disorder in the city and its institutions.
- Embezzlement, bribery.
- Lawlessness, arbitrariness.
- Fraud, low morale.
3. Is the situation in the comedy “The Inspector General” typical only for Russia during the era of Nicholas I?
- Unfortunately no. She is still dating. This is the immortality of the comedy “The Inspector General”.
Homework.
Prepare a story about the mayor and Khlestakov.
Lesson 8
Gogol's skill in depicting the mayor and Khlestakov, in creating their speech characteristics.
Goals:
- Systematize observations of heroes.
- Learn to analyze the speech of heroes.
I. Students' stories about the mayor (1st option) and Khlestakov (2nd option).
CITYMAN
Response plan.
- Situation in the city.
- The mayor's sins.
- Attitude towards Khlestakov.
- Triumph and fall.
Characteristic.
- Attitude to power as a means of enrichment.
- Arbitrariness and lawlessness.
- Cowardice and servility towards superiors.
- Rudeness and low level of education.
KHLESTAKOV
Response plan.
Characteristics (see features of Khlestakovism below).
III. Reflections on Khlestakovism.
Khlestakovism is:
- Unbridled, exorbitant boasting.
- Cowardice in front of the strong and insolence in relation to the weak.
- Complete thoughtlessness, frivolity, lack of spirituality.
IV. Reading in faces (act II, phenomenon 8), observation of the speech of the characters and conclusions about the mastery of speech characteristics.
- The speech of the characters is determined by the situation and changes depending on it.
- The speech of the heroes is an indicator of their position and personality.
V. Generalization.
CITYMAN
In relation to his subordinates, he is in a normal, natural speech situation for him, therefore:
- he was used to giving orders, pointing out, making comments, scolding, scolding, and not standing on ceremony;
- he did not mince words, allowed rude colloquial expressions, such as: “... someone will blurt out stupidly,” words offensive to the interlocutor;
- sentences are mostly short, uncomplicated, often exclamatory;
- the tone of the conversation is generally rude, commanding, authoritative, not allowing for objections.
This is the speech of a poorly educated person.
In relation to Khlestakov, the position of the mayor in speech changes to the opposite, therefore:
- he asks, apologizes, repents, explains in fear, persuades, flatters;
- carefully selects the most cultural words suitable for communicating with important person;
- sentences are longer, as you have to express yourself at length;
- the tone is respectful, obsequious.
This is the speech of a deceiver.
KHLESTAKOV
He doesn’t have a king in his head, so he often says whatever comes into his head. But he “picked up” a few things, so sometimes he knows how to show off and changes his style of speech:
- firstly, in relation to the ladies;
- secondly, at the first meeting with the mayor;
- thirdly, in the scene of lies; in his speech his words are mostly colloquial, sometimes rude; sentences are sometimes incorrectly constructed; the tone is the most careless.
This is the speech of an empty, worthless person.
Homework.
Prepare for written work"Speech characteristics of heroes."
Lesson 9
Speech development. Speech characteristics of the hero.
Goals:
- Show the procedure for analyzing the hero's speech.
- Test students’ ability to draw conclusions about his character based on an analysis of the hero’s speech.
I. Work plan and teacher’s comments to it.
- To whom is the speech addressed?
- What is the hero talking about?
- What is the choice of words?
- What is the nature of the proposals?
- What is the tone of speech?
Conclusion
The character traits of the hero expressed in this speech.
Work options.
1st option - Mayor:
- act II, scene 8;
- action V, phenomenon 8.
2nd option - Khlestakov:
- act II, phenomenon 2;
- Act III, phenomenon 6.
Homework.
Prepare for extracurricular reading of Gogol’s “Petersburg Tales”.
Literature
- Literary encyclopedic dictionary. M., 1987.
- Khrapchenko M.B. Nikolai Gogol. Literary path. The greatness of the writer. M., 1984.
- Mashinsky S.I. Art world Gogol. M., 1971.
- Dokusov A.M., Marantsman V.G. Studying the comedy "The Inspector General" at school. M.–L., 1967.
- Mann Yu.V. Comedy N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". M., 1966.
