Why couldn't Andrei Stolts help his friend Ilya Oblomov return to an active life? (Unified State Examination in Literature). Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Oblomov’s lifestyle? Oblomov and Stolz what a work

In the novel "Oblomov" Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov wanted to contrast Western and Russian culture. Oblomov and Stolz are two key images of the work. The novel is built on the device of antithesis. It is realized through the contrast of these two characters in the work. Stolz and Oblomov are in many ways opposite. In Russian classical literature there are many works constructed in this way. These are, for example, “Hero of Our Time” and “Eugene Onegin”. IN foreign literature you can also find such examples.

"Oblomov" and "Don Quixote"

The novel “Don Quixote” by Miguel de Cervantes most resonates with Oblomov. This work describes the contradictions between reality and a person’s idea of ​​what an ideal life should be like. This contradiction extends, as in Oblomov, to the outside world. Like Ilya Ilyich, Hidalgo is immersed in dreams. Oblomov in the work is surrounded by people who do not understand him, because their ideas about the world are limited to its material side. True, these two stories have a diametrically opposite outcome: before his death, Alonso has an epiphany. This character understands that he was mistaken in his dreams. But Oblomov does not change. Obviously, this outcome is the difference between Western and Russian mentality.

Antithesis is the main technique in the work

With the help of antithesis, you can more comprehensively draw the personalities of the heroes, since everything is learned in comparison. It is impossible to understand Ilya Ilyich by removing Stolz from the novel. Goncharov shows the strengths and weaknesses of his characters. At the same time, the reader can look at himself and his inner world. This will help prevent the mistakes that the heroes Oblomov and Stolz made in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”.

Ilya Ilyich is a man with a native Russian soul, and Andrei Stolts is a representative new era. In Russia there have always been and will be both. Stolz and Oblomov are characters through whose interaction, as well as through their interaction with other characters in the work, the author conveys the main ideas. Olga Ilyinskaya is the link between them.

The importance of childhood in the formation of characters' characters

Childhood in every person's life has great value. Personality during this period has not yet been formed. A person, like a sponge, absorbs everything that the world around him offers. It is in childhood that upbringing occurs, on which depends what kind of person he will become in life. adult life. Therefore, an important role in Goncharov’s novel is played by the description of the childhood and upbringing of future antipodes, who are Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts. In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author gives a description of Ilya Ilyich's childhood. He remembers Oblomovka, his native village. After reading this chapter, we understand where immobility and laziness came from in the character of this hero.

Childhood of Ilya Oblomov

Stolz and Oblomov were brought up differently. Ilyusha is like a future master. Many guests and relatives lived in his parents' house. They all praised and caressed little Ilyusha. He was exquisitely and a lot fed with “cream”, “crackers”, “buns”. Food, it should be noted, was the main concern in Oblomovka. She spent a lot of time. The whole family decided on what dishes would be for dinner or lunch. After lunch, everyone fell into a long sleep. This is how the days passed: eating and sleeping. When Ilya grew up, he was sent to study at the gymnasium. Parents were not interested in Ilyusha’s knowledge. All that was important to them was a certificate that he had completed various sciences and arts. Therefore, Ilya Oblomov grew up as an uneducated, downtrodden boy, but kind at heart.

Childhood of Andrei Stolts

With Stolz, everything is just the opposite. Andrei’s father, a German by nationality, raised independence in his son from an early age. He was dry towards his child. Focus and rigor are the main features that his parents put into Andrei’s upbringing. All the family's days were spent at work. When the boy grew up, his father began to take him to the market, to the field, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught his son sciences, German language. Then Stolz began sending the child into the city on errands. Goncharov notes that it never happened that Andrei forgot something, overlooked something, changed it, or made a mistake. A Russian noblewoman, the boy's mother, taught him literature and gave spiritual education to her son. As a result, Stolz became a smart, strong young man.

Farewell to home

Let us turn to the scenes that describe how Stolz and Oblomov left their native villages. Oblomov is seen off with tears in his eyes, they do not want to let go of their dear child - an atmosphere of love for the boy is felt. And when Stolz leaves his home, his father only gives him a few instructions regarding spending money. At the moment of farewell, they don’t even have anything to say to each other.

Two environments, two characters and their influence on each other

The villages of Oblomovka and Verkhlevo are two completely different environments. Oblomovka is a kind of heaven on Earth. Nothing happens here, everything is calm and quiet. In power in Verkhlevo is Andrei’s father, a German, who organizes the German order here.

Oblomov and Stolz have common character traits. Their friendship, which existed since childhood, led to the fact that, while communicating, they influenced each other to some extent. Both heroes were raised together for some time. They went to school, which Andrei's father maintained. However, they came here, one might say, from completely different worlds: once and for all established, undisturbed order of life in the village of Oblomovka; and the active work of a German burgher, which interspersed with lessons from his mother, who tried to instill in Andrei an interest and love for art.

For the further development of relations, however, Andrei and Ilya lack communication. Oblomov and Stolz gradually move away from each other as they grow up. Their friendship, meanwhile, does not stop. However, she is also hampered by the fact that the financial status of these two heroes is different. Oblomov is a real master, a nobleman. This is the owner of 300 souls. Ilya could do nothing at all, being supported by his serfs. Everything is different for Stolz, who was a Russian nobleman only through his mother. He had to maintain his material well-being on his own.

Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" mature years became completely different. It was already difficult for them to communicate. Stolz began to be sarcastic and make fun of Ilya’s reasoning, which was so far from reality. Differences in character and outlook on life eventually led to the gradual weakening of their friendship.

The meaning of friendship in Goncharov

The red thread running through this novel is the idea of ​​friendship, the role it plays in a person’s life. A person, in interaction with others, can reveal his true essence. Friendship has many forms: “brotherhood”, glorified by Pushkin, selfish, friendship for one reason or another. Apart from the sincere one, in essence, all others are just forms of egoism. Andrei and Ilya had a strong friendship. She connected them, as we have already noted, since childhood. Goncharov’s novel helps readers understand why Oblomov and Stolz are friends, what role friendship plays in a person’s life, thanks to the fact that it describes many of its ups and downs.

The meaning and relevance of the novel "Oblomov"

The novel "Oblomov" is a work that has not lost its relevance to this day, since it reflects the essence of people's lives, which is eternal. The antithesis proposed by the author (his portrait is presented below) perfectly conveys the essence of the fate of the history of our country, which is marked by these two extremes.

It is difficult for a Russian person to find a middle ground, to mix the desire for well-being, the activity and hard work of Andrei Stolts and the full wisdom and light, broad soul Oblomov. Probably, in each of our compatriots, as in our country itself, these extremes live: Stolz and Oblomov. The characteristics of Russia's future depend on which of them will prevail.

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As children, they lived almost nearby - in neighboring villages - then, as teenagers, They studied at a boarding school for noble children. Throughout their lives, fate brought these people together again and again. You ask about whom we're talking about? Of course, about Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts from Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” and their unusual friendship.

To understand the essence of the relationship between these diametrically opposed friends, you need to trace their lives throughout the work.

Oblomov’s image: deep in thought

In order to understand how opposite in character Andrei Stolts and Ilya Oblomov were, it is necessary to first follow the character of the first hero, whose surname is named throughout the novel. Ilya Ilyich appears to readers as a sloppy and extremely lazy middle-aged man. His favorite place is the sofa, and his favorite clothing is a dressing gown, which “had in Oblomov’s eyes a darkness of invaluable merits: he is soft, flexible; the body does not feel it on itself; he, like an obedient slave, submits to the slightest movement of the body..."
The careless decoration of the room, where order seemed to be maintained, but a closer look revealed a lot of external flaws, further emphasized the infantilism of the hero. He had neither a specific goal in life nor any clear plans, looking at his surroundings absent-mindedly and thoughtfully.

Active and purposeful Stolz

Andrei Stolts was completely different. With youthful fervor, even in his youth, he explained lessons to a slow and dreamy friend, and tried to help so that Ilya could find himself in life. But his aspirations were not justified, because the teaching “had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: between science and life there lay a whole abyss, which he did not try to cross. His life was on its own, and his science was on its own.”

Little Andryusha has been curious and very active since childhood. Any of his antics, even to the point that the boy could leave for several days without causing concern to his father, were perceived by his parents without any panic. Without preventing his son from freely exploring the world around him, dad contributed to the development of a holistic, completely independent personality. Andrey Stolts amazing person, to whom you feel sympathy from the very first lines. The hero of the novel loving life and looking forward to the future. This is how he is depicted on the pages of the work.

The reason for the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz

A reader delving into the images of such absolutely opposite personalities may have a fair question: how could they be friends? But perhaps some will be surprised to learn that at first Andrei and Ilya were similar in character. But it was their upbringing, the environment in which the young friends lived, that made them as different as the South and the North. However, close comrades cope well with their differences and complement each other perfectly.

These two people, different in temperament, were able to appreciate each other. Stolz sees his beautiful soul in Oblomov, and he, in turn, notices best qualities a true, devoted friend.

“...I knew many people from high qualities, but I have never met a purer, brighter and simpler heart; I loved many, but no one as firmly and ardently as Oblomov. Once you know him, you can’t stop loving him…” says Andrei Ivanovich about Ilya Ilyich.

He loves his friend for his sincerity, he thinks very good person, even despite his imposingness, apathy and laziness. Stolz hopes that someday it will be possible to remake Ilya Ilyich and is trying to take appropriate measures. But will he succeed?

Episodes from the novel: friendship between Stolz and Oblomov

Throughout the entire novel, Oblomov and Stolz walk hand in hand, maintaining sincere affection for each other. Let's look at some episodes from their lives.

Here Ilya and Andrey are small children. One of them is brave and active, the other is a little lazy, dreamy and fearful. Parents love their children immensely, but they raise them differently. Therefore, their fates are completely different...

Here is Andrei, “often, taking a break from business or from the social crowd, in the evening, from the ball, he goes to sit on Oblomov’s wide sofa and, in a lazy conversation, take away and calm the alarmed or tired soul" In the presence of Oblomov, the friend calms down, feels like a man who has come “from a magnificent hall to his own modest roof.”

So they are conducting a dialogue with each other, and Andrei cannot convince Ilya to become more alive, to go out into society, to break away from his comfortable sofa, to change his way of thinking, to leave passivity, apathy and laziness, to become a full-fledged person... “Like a lump of dough, he curled up and “You’re lying,” Stolz reproaches Oblomov, but he does not respond to the comments. However, Andrey is adamant in his decision to change the situation. “No, I won’t leave you like this,” he says indignantly. In a week you won't recognize yourself. I'll tell you this evening detailed plan about what I intend to do with myself and with you, and now get dressed..."

Clever Stolz, behind the veil of indifference and laziness, managed to discern a philosopher in his friend, because he sometimes speaks very correct speeches. “Life: life is good! What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? says Oblomov to a friend. Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!..”

“You reason like an ancient one,” Stolz concludes. But even that’s good, at least you’re reasoning and not sleeping.”

The insightful Oblomov was tired of everything, that’s why he tried to close himself in the shell of his absurd dreams and daydreams and limit himself to staying in own home, where everything is so familiar and familiar, where there is no fuss and feigned fun. But living according to his friend’s plan is also extremely difficult for him...

Here's another scene. “Now or never,” Stolz declares, and Oblomov makes a great effort on himself, deciding to follow his friend’s advice and get a French passport. However, at that time he never left. But unexpected changes occur in his personal life: Oblomov falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, a simple and at the same time noble woman. His friend Andrei also treats her with trepidation.

But Ilya Ilyich’s approach to the girl is original: not wanting to flatter, here too he shows some kind of clumsiness, indifference to pompous phrases, and maybe even ignorance, saying: It costs me nothing to say: “Ah! I will be very glad, happy, you, of course, sing great... this will please me... But is this really necessary?

Finally, Olga began to sing, and Oblomov could not resist an enthusiastic “Ah.” “Do you hear? Stolz told her. Tell me honestly, Ilya: how long has it been since this happened to you?” - he asked his loving friend. Unfortunately, Oblomov's immaturity over time got the better of him. bright feelings to Olga Ilyinskaya. He could not and did not want to overcome his natural laziness and become the husband of this beautiful woman. In the end, it was Andrei Stolz who took Olga as his wife, who, it turns out, was also in love with her, but did not want to interfere with his friend’s happiness.

The time for change comes, and Oblomov marries Agafya, the widow of the college secretary Pshenitsyn, a thrifty, kind and intelligent woman who faithfully looked after him during times of illness and depression. His life again goes smoothly and smoothly. Agafya surrounds her husband with care and maintains complete order in the house. Well, what about Stolz?

Unfortunately, last meeting friends five years later was very sad. "Dead!" - Andrei Ivanovich lamented about his friend, seeing him in extremely difficult state of mind. He was also shocked by the fact that Agafya was Ilya’s wife. With this unexpected news it seemed stone wall opened up between friends, and Stolz realized that his comrade would never leave Oblomovka. But still, he heeded Ilya Ilyich’s requests “not to forget his son Andrei.” And he promised himself to lead the boy on a completely different path, and with him “to bring their youthful dreams into action.”

This kind of friendship is very important

Having followed the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, we can conclude: such friendship is also necessary and useful, because they amazingly complemented each other and supported each other in difficult moments of life. It is a pity, of course, that Ilya Oblomov died, unable to cope with internal apathy and a lazy lifestyle, but after him he left a son, whom the best and true friend- Andrey Ivanovich. He helped Ilya this time too - now by adopting his own blood and giving the child a chance for a full, meaningful life. But how could it have happened otherwise? After all, the friendship of Ilya and Andrey has always been real.

The famous Russian writer I. A. Goncharov published his next novel “Oblomov” in 1859. It was an incredibly difficult period for Russian society, which seemed to be divided into two parts. A minority understood the need and advocated for an improvement in life ordinary people. The majority were landowners, gentlemen and wealthy nobles, who were directly dependent on the peasants who fed them. In the novel, Goncharov invites the reader to compare the image of Oblomov and Stolz - two friends, completely different in temperament and fortitude. This is a story about people who, despite internal contradictions and conflicts, remained true to their ideals, values, and way of life. However, sometimes it is difficult to understand real reasons such trusting intimacy between the main characters. That is why the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz seems so interesting to readers and critics. Next, we will get to know them better.

Stolz and Oblomov: General characteristics

Oblomov is undoubtedly the main figure, but the writer pays more attention to his friend Stolz. The main characters are contemporaries, yet they turn out to be completely different from each other. Oblomov is a man aged just over 30 years. Goncharov describes his pleasant appearance, but emphasizes the absence of a specific idea. Andrei Stolts is the same age as Ilya Ilyich, he is much thinner, with an even dark complexion, practically without blush. Stolz's green, expressive eyes are also contrasted with the gray and dull gaze of the protagonist. Oblomov himself grew up in a family of Russian nobles who owned more than one hundred serf souls. Andrei was raised in a Russian-German family. Nevertheless, he identified himself with Russian culture and professed Orthodoxy.

Relationship between Oblomov and Stolz

One way or another, the lines connecting the destinies of the characters in the novel "Oblomov" are present. The author needed to show how friendship arises between people of polar views and temperament types.

The relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is largely predetermined by the conditions in which they were brought up and lived in early years. Both men grew up together in a boarding house near Oblomovka. Stolz's father served there as a manager. In that village of Verkhleve, everything was imbued with the atmosphere of “Oblomovism”, unhurriedness, passivity, laziness, and simplicity of morals. But Andrei Ivanovich Stolz was well educated, read Wieland, learned verses from the Bible, and recounted illiterate reports of peasants and factory workers. In addition, he read Krylov's fables, and with his mother he discussed sacred history. The boy Ilya sat at home under the soft wing of parental care, while Stolz spent a lot of time on the street, communicating with the neighboring children. Their personalities were shaped differently. Oblomov was the ward of nannies and caring relatives, while Andrei did not stop doing physical and mental labor.

The secret of friendship

The relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is surprising and even paradoxical. Differences between the two characters can be found huge amount, however, there are undoubtedly features that unite them. First of all, Oblomov and Stolz are connected by a strong and sincere friendship, but they are similar in their so-called “life dream”. Only Ilya Ilyich dozes at home, on the sofa, and Stolz falls asleep in the same way in his eventful life. Both of them do not see the truth. Both are unable to give up their own lifestyle. Each of them is unusually attached to their habits, believing that this particular behavior is the only correct and reasonable one.

It remains to answer main question: “Which hero does Russia need: Oblomov or Stolz?” Of course, such active and progressive individuals as the latter will remain in our country forever, will be its driving force, will feed it with their intellectual and spiritual energy. But we must admit that even without the Oblomovs, Russia will cease to be the same as our compatriots knew it for many centuries. Oblomov needs to be educated, patiently and unobtrusively awakened, so that he, too, can benefit his homeland.

The main characters of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" are Oblomov and Stolz. The essay must begin with a description of the writer’s intention. Goncharov shows gradual death human soul. Of course, the author was not the first to bring such an image to the pages of the work, but he depicted it on such a scale and versatility that literature had never known before.

Master Ilya Oblomov

From the beginning of the novel, the writer introduces the reader to an unremarkable gentleman. This is a typical image of the Russian nobility. Sedentary, imposing, loose, passive. The plot is devoid of action and intrigue. The apathy of Ilya Oblomov seems absolutely incomprehensible. All day long Ilya lies on the sofa in a greasy robe and thinks about everything. Many ideas float in his head, but none find further continuation. Oblomov has no desire to start communication. He tries not to disturb the peaceful course of life in Oblomovka. His lazy dreams are interrupted only by petitioners who profit from him. But Oblomov doesn’t care. He is so far from reality that he does not even notice the true intentions of his “guests”. And here Goncharov introduces which takes us into the hero’s childhood. This is where the reason for his behavior lies. It was in childhood that the boy was raised into a person unadapted to life. Indulging his desires, protecting him from any action, they instilled in Ilyusha the idea that there was no need to do anything, there would always be someone who would do it for him. A typical position of nobles living at the expense of the peasants.

Friend's arrival

The life of Ilya Oblomov changes with the arrival of Andrei Stolts, an old friend. Oblomov sincerely hopes that Stolz is able to change the current situation, is able to bring him out of his half-asleep state. And sure enough, a handsome young man arrives with both experience and money. No wonder Goncharov compares him to a blood English horse. Unlike his friend, Stolz in Oblomov is alien to daydreaming and laziness. He is practical in everything.

It cannot be said that Oblomov has always been the same as he is now. In their youth, Ilya and Andrey studied science together, enjoyed life, and strived for something. However, then the lively and active Andrei could not captivate Oblomov with his enthusiasm, and gradually this young master revived on his estate the environment to which he had been accustomed since childhood. Stolz in the novel “Oblomov” is the complete opposite of the main character and at the same time the closest person. And it helps to reveal the characteristics of Ilyusha, to identify and emphasize his advantages and disadvantages.

Friends since childhood

The heroes are childhood friends. These are two completely different people who were brought together by fate. Ilya Oblomov with early age was the family's favorite. He lived in harmony with himself and with the world around him. Ilyusha had everything he wanted. His family protected him from all troubles. He grew up as a kind of darling of fate, brought up on nanny fairy tales, in an atmosphere of laziness and serenity, without much desire to learn or learn something new. As a teenager, Oblomov meets Stolz in the neighboring village of Verkhlevo. The little gentleman, accustomed to bliss on his estate, Ilya, enters a completely different world, energetic, new. Andrei Stolts's father taught his son to be independent early, instilling in him German pedantry. From his mother, Oblomov's friend Stolz inherited a love of poetry, from his father - a craving for science, for precision and accuracy. Since childhood, he not only helps his father in business, but works and receives a salary. Hence Andrei’s ability to make bold and independent decisions and be responsible for his actions. Even outwardly, the friends are completely opposite. Ilya is a plump, loose, lethargic man who does not know what work is. On the contrary, Andrey is a fit, cheerful, active person, accustomed to constant work. Lack of movement is like death for him.

The table “Oblomov and Stolz”, located below, will allow you to more clearly present the difference in the images of the characters.

Love in the lives of heroes

Both experience love in life differently. And in love, Oblomov and Stolz are completely opposite. Due to its length, the essay cannot cover the entirety of the differences between the characters in the novel. However, the theme of love should be considered.

When Olga brightens up Ilya’s boring everyday life, he comes to life and turns from a flabby creature into interesting man. Oblomov’s energy is in full swing, he needs everything, everything is interesting. He forgets about his old habits and even wants to get married. But suddenly he begins to be tormented by doubts about the truth of Olga’s love. The endless questions Oblomov asks himself ultimately do not allow him to change his life. He returns to his previous existence, and nothing touches him anymore. Andrei Stolts loves selflessly, passionately, surrendering to the feeling without a trace.

Opposites come together

In other words, we see that Oblomov and Stolz (the essay reflects the generally accepted point of view) are completely different people, grew up in different environments. However, it was precisely this difference that brought them together. Each of them finds in the other what they themselves lack. Oblomov attracts Stolz with his calm and kind disposition. And vice versa, in Andrey Ilya admires his vitality. Time tests both of them, but their friendship only grows stronger.

Table "Oblomov and Stolz"

This is how Oblomov and Stolz are presented to readers. The work can be concluded with the words of the author himself: “He had something that is more valuable than any mind: an honest, faithful heart! This is his natural gold; he carried it through life unharmed.”

Oblomov and Stolz

Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov (The principle of antithesis)

All figurative system I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is aimed at revealing the character and essence of the main character. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the sofa, dreaming of transformations and happy life surrounded by family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, which is five miles from Oblomovka. The first two chapters of the second part contain a detailed account of Stolz’s life and the conditions in which his active character was formed.

1. General features:

a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and is already over thirty”);

b) religion;

c) training at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verchlöw;

d) service and quick retirement;

e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;

e) good attitude to each other.

2. Various features:

A ) portrait;

Oblomov . “He was a man about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence of any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.”

«… flabby beyond his years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by its matte finish, too white color necks, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained softness and not devoid of a kind of graceful laziness.”

Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fatty roundness...”

Getting to know portrait characteristic this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

b) parents, family;

Oblomov's parents are Russian; he grew up in a patriarchal family.

Stolz comes from the philistine class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Stolz’s Russian entourage prevented him.

c) education;

Oblomov moved “from hugs to hugs of family and friends,” his upbringing was patriarchal in nature.

Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through Telemachus’ warehouses.”

When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.”

Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that his son would grow into a “good bursh,” the father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which the son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart,” Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from - and every time young Stlts returned with the lessons he had learned.

From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in the soul of little Andrei a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.

d) attitude towards studying at a boarding house;

Oblomov studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched... a nerve”

Stolz always studied well and was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school

e) further education;

Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until he was twenty, then graduated from the university.

Stolz graduated from the university with flying colors. Parting with his father, who was sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly follow his father’s advice and go to Ivan Bogdanovich’s old friend Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reingold. Such independence and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.

f) lifestyle;

“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was his normal state.”

Stolz has a thirst for activity

g) housekeeping;

Oblomov did not do business in the village, received little income and lived on credit.

Stolz serves successfully, resigns to do his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia.

h) life aspirations;

Oblomov in his youth “prepared for the field”, thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded from his dreams social activities, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, and friends.

Stolz chose an active beginning in his youth... Stolz’s ideal of life is continuous and meaningful work, this is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”

i) views on society;

Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead men, sleeping people”; they are characterized by insincerity, envy, the desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means; he is not a supporter of progressive forms of farming.

According to Stolz, with the help of the establishment of “schools”, “piers”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “detritus” should be turned into comfortable estates that generate income.

j) attitude towards Olga;

Oblomov wanted to see loving woman, capable of creating a serene family life.

Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries to imagine their active alliance, full of work and beauty, ideal family, a true ideal that fails in Oblomov’s life: “we worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>just as Oblomov dreamed... Only there was no drowsiness, no despondency, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no sluggish look, no words; their conversation never ended, it was often heated.”

k) relationship and mutual influence;

Oblomov considered Stoltz his only friend, capable of understanding and helping, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.

Stolz highly appreciated the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz does everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also rose to the occasion: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the machinations of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who deceived Oblomov into signing a false loan letter.

Oblomov is accustomed to living according to Stolz’s orders; in the smallest matters he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stoltz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, Oblomov is in no hurry to follow Stoltz’s advice: their concepts of life, work, and application of strength are too different.

After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes in Oblomov’s son, Andryusha, named after him.

m) self-esteem ;

Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.

m) character traits ;

Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, and not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.

Stolz is active, sharp, practical, neat, loves comfort, is open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”.

The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.

Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.

Stolz in Goncharov’s novel was given the role of a person capable of breaking Oblomovism and reviving the hero. According to critics, the unclear idea of ​​Goncharov about the role of “new people” in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. According to Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. Showing Parisian life Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero

So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and complete opposite to the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, to tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a “man of action” in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stolz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.