Space attracts not only scientists. This eternal theme for drawing. Of course, we cannot see everything with our own eyes. But the photos and videos taken by the astronauts are amazing. And in our instructions we will try to depict space. This lesson is simple, but it will help your child figure out where each planet is located.
You will need: a sheet of paper; pencil; eraser; compass;
Step 1
Main circle
First, draw a large circle on the right side of the paper. If you don't have a compass, you can trace a round object.
Orbits
The orbits of the planets depart from the center and are at the same distance. 
Central part
The circles gradually increase in size. Of course, they won’t fit completely, so draw semicircles. 
The orbits of planets never intersect, otherwise they will collide with each other.
Finishing drawing the orbits
The entire sheet should be covered in semicircles. We know of only nine planets. But what if in distant orbits there are also cosmic bodies that move in the most distant orbits.
Sun
Make the central circle a little smaller and outline it with a thick line so that the Sun stands out against the background of the other orbits.
Mercury, Venus and Earth
Now let's start drawing the planets. They need to be arranged in a certain order. Each planet has its own orbit. Mercury revolves near the Sun itself. Behind it, in the second orbit, is Venus. Earth comes third.
Mars, Saturn and Neptune
Earth's neighbor is Mars. It is slightly smaller than our planet. Leave the fifth orbit empty for now. The next circles are Saturn, Neptune. These celestial bodies are also called giant planets, since they are tens of times larger than the Earth.
Uranus, Jupiter and Pluto
Between Saturn and Neptune there is another large planet - Uranus. Draw it on the side so that the images do not touch.
Jupiter is considered the largest planet in the solar system. That's why we'll depict it on the side, away from other planets. And in the ninth orbit, add the smallest celestial body - Pluto.
Rings on Saturn
Saturn is famous for the rings that have appeared around it. Draw several ovals in the center of the planet. Draw rays of different sizes that extend from the Sun.
Surfaces of planets
The surface of each planet is not uniform. Even our Sun has different shades and black spots. On each planet, draw the surface using circles and semicircles.
Draw fog on the surface of Jupiter. Sandstorms often occur on this planet and it is covered with clouds.
The last details are the concentric circles on the Sun. On some planets, draw a shadow by separating it with a semicircle. You can also draw its satellite, the Moon, near the Earth.
Coloring
Space in space is dark blue. Sun yellow shades, Mercury is gray, Venus and Jupiter are brown. The earth is green-blue. Mars is red, Neptune is green, Saturn is sandy in color, and its rings are white or light blue because they are icy. Uranus is blue-blue and Neptune is gray-black. You can also add other details: stars, comets and asteroids.
Mars is one of the most prominent planets visible starry night. This red ball is a symbol of masculinity and strength, ambition and desire. It is even named after the great ancient Roman god Mars, the god of war, one of the main rulers of the Roman pantheon of gods.
Let's draw the planet Mars in a few steps - it's very simple.
- Let's draw the horizontal and vertical axes, outline them with a square, where we will enter the drawn Mars.
- We fit a circle into the drawn square - this is our future planet Mars. Don't be upset if the circle is uneven - nothing is perfect in the world. J
Owl t: Draw the arcs of the circle in sectors more rounded - this way it will be closer in perception to the natural one. Compare adjacent sectors with each other for symmetry. Turn the piece of paper with the image of a circle - this will help you see and correct flaws in its shape.
- Let's draw the outlines of craters on Mars - depressions that appeared on the planet as a result of the fall of other bodies on it - for example, meteorites.
Advice: Please note that the craters located closer to the center of the ball are facing us with their entire surface. And the shape of the craters extending to the edges of the ball has a flattened appearance due to the distortion of perspective.
- Let's remove all the auxiliary lines and give the craters of Mars volume - draw the bases of the largest side funnels, alternating short and long strokes. Do not forget that the central craters look directly at us, which means their bases are not visible to us. The directions of the “legs” of the side craters are from the edge of the planet Mars to its center.
- Something is missing... Let’s add life to the picture, remembering “ The Little Prince» Saint-Exupery. Let's draw mountains and even active volcanoes protruding beyond the horizon in several places on the planet - even if they are not actually on Mars. The drawing of Mars is ready!
We will study how to draw planets with a pencil. But first, a few educational facts. Maybe they will come in handy in astronomy lessons:
- Our solar system is a “star called the Sun” and an assortment of objects revolving around it.
- We have VTsIOM. Study and study public opinion. And this is what they researched: they found out that a third of Russians believe that the Sun revolves around the Earth. No comments =) I hope there are no such people among you?
- The Sun appeared 4.6 billion years ago. At least that's what it seems. You understand that there are no witnesses left.
- The sun warms you and me for a reason. The temperature of the prominence, which is like a mini outgrowth of a star, is 6000 Kelvin. And inside the star is heated up to 13,500,000 Kelvin. It’s hard to even imagine, and there’s nothing to compare it with. - Brain explosion!
- Planets in their sequence from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. We live on the third planet from the Sun. Congratulations!
- There is another large object in the solar system. Pluto. If you ask your parents, they will unanimously say that this is another planet. And they will be partly right. Since its discovery in 1930, Pluto has indeed been considered a planet, but since 2006, the definition of “what is a planet” has been accepted. And Pluto didn't fit into it. So now we have a double dwarf planet Pluto-Charon.
Astronomy demo lesson is over, let's try it now draw the planets of the solar system with a pencil.
How to draw the planets of the solar system with a pencil
Step one. Drawing the orbits of the planets. Their shape is an ellipse, close to a circle. But, if we look from one point, then visually we see not circles, but arcs, parts of ellipses. Such as in the picture. On the lines we outline the positions of the planets. 
Step two. We draw circles - planets. We start with small Mercury, then larger Venus and Earth, again a small circle is Mars and further, as in the picture. In the lower left corner we will show the edge of the Sun. 
Step three. Let's erase the auxiliary lines - the axes of the circles. Let's make the orbits brighter. 
Step four. Let's add other celestial bodies: comets, asteroids. Let's draw “rings” to the large planets. 
Step five. Let's do the shading. With its help we must turn our circles into a sphere. We remember that we have the Sun in the center, and light falls from its side. But the opposite side of the planet will be darkened. The result should be something like this: 
I also recommend interesting lessons similar in topic.
Our planet Earth, on which we live, is part of the solar system. In the center of the solar system, a hot star shines brightly - the Sun. Eight main planets revolve around it at different distances from the Sun. One of them, the third in a row, is our Earth.
Each planet has its own orbit in which it moves around the Sun. A complete revolution around the Sun is called a year. On Earth it lasts 365 days. On planets that are closer to the Sun, a year lasts less, and on those that are further away, a full revolution can take several Earth years. The planets also rotate around their axis. One such complete revolution is called a day. On Earth, a day (a revolution around its axis) is approximately 24 hours (more precisely 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds).
Presentation for children: Planets of the Solar System
Sun
A bright star located at the center of the solar system. The sun, like a hot ball of fire, distributes heat to its nearby planets. True, those planets that are very close to the Sun (Mercury and Venus) are very hot, and those that are further than Mars are very cold, because the warm rays almost do not reach them. But on planet Earth, the temperature turned out to be neither low nor high, which was very convenient for the emergence and development of life on it.
Mercury
This smallest planet is closest to the Sun. At the same time, almost all the time it turns to the Sun on one side. Therefore, on one side of Mercury it is very hot, and on the other it is very cold.
Venus
Second planet from the Sun. On it, like on Earth, there is an atmosphere, it is a kind of air shell. Only, unlike our earthly one, it consists not of oxygen, but mostly of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is impossible to breathe on Venus, and it is very, very hot on its surface. So there are no plants, no animals, no bacteria there.
Earth
This blue planet, the third from the Sun, is our common home. Here we live, animals, people, fish, birds - all under one roof. And the roof of planet Earth consists of an atmosphere in which huge amount oxygen necessary for life. Here we build our world, write history and from here we observe other planets and stars. And planet Earth also has a little friend - the Moon, which is a satellite of the Earth.
Mars
Little red planet, the fourth in a row. There is very little oxygen on it, almost none. There is also almost no water, although scientists are constantly looking for it, because once upon a time there may have been a lot of it on Mars. Then, many, many years ago, there could have been rivers, seas and oceans on the planet, but then something happened and the water disappeared. This mystery has yet to be solved.
Jupiter
The largest, fifth planet in the solar system. Jupiter is made of gas and is called a gas giant. Storms and whirlwind winds constantly occur on its surface, and the planet itself, despite its size, rotates very quickly around its axis, like a top.
Saturn
Beautiful and unusual planet, sixth from the Sun. Its amazing feature, which can be seen from Earth through a telescope, is the ring around the planet. The ring looks like a disk, only in reality it is not a solid disk, but thousands, thousands of small stones, asteroid fragments and dust.
Uranus
A mysterious planet, the seventh in a row, which for unknown reasons lies on its side and rotates completely differently from other planets. Uranus has an unusual blue and it looks like a round ball with a smooth surface.
Neptune
The icy, very cold planet, the eighth in a row, is very far from the Sun, so the sun's rays almost do not reach the surface of this blue planet. Strong winds blow on Neptune and therefore the weather on it is not just winter, but by cosmic standards, completely cold, so that everything on it, even gas, turns into ice.
Pluto
Once upon a time, this planet was the ninth in a row and was part of the solar system, but it turned out that it was too small to be called a planet and is now called a dwarf planet and is not allowed to be associated with adult planets from the name. Maybe Pluto is still just a baby and just needs to grow up)
There is one simple way for children to remember the planets of the Solar System. However, for adults too. It is very similar to how we remember the colors of the rainbow. All children love various counting rhymes, thanks to which information remains in memory for a long time.
D To remember the planets of the solar system, we suggest you teach the children a poem that you can compose yourself, or use the work of A. Hight:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
Once - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter
Six - Saturn
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
Think back to how you memorized the colors of the rainbow as a child. The same principle can be applied to the names of the planets. Construct a phrase in which each word begins with the same letter as a planet in the solar system in the order of its location from the Sun. For example:
We
Mercury
Let's meet
Venus
Tomorrow
Earth
My
Mars
Young
Jupiter
Companion
Saturn
I'm flying away
Uranus
Not for long
Neptune
This is just an example, in fact, you can come up with anything, as long as it is close to your child’s spirit and he easily remembers the entire sentence. Now that we have figured out exactly how to present any information to children, we can move on to the direct knowledge that you will teach your young astronomers.
Finally, an interesting and simple story for children about what the solar system is.
The solar system is all the cosmic bodies that revolve around the Sun according to their clearly defined trajectories. These include 8 planets and their satellites (their composition is constantly changing, as some objects are discovered, others lose their status), many comets, asteroids and meteorites.
History of the origin of planets
There is no definite opinion on this matter, there are only theories and guesses. According to the most common opinion, about 5 billion years ago, one of the clouds of the Galaxy began to shrink towards the center and formed our Sun. The formed body had enormous power attraction, and all the particles of gas and dust around began to connect and stick together into balls (these are the current planets).
The sun is not a planet, but a star. The source of energy and life on Earth.
The sun as a star and the center of the solar system
The planets revolve in their orbits around a huge star called the Sun. The planets themselves do not emit any heat, and if it were not for the light of the Sun that they reflect, then life on Earth would never have arisen. There is a certain classification of stars, according to which the Sun is a yellow dwarf, approximately 5 billion years old.
Satellites of the planets
The solar system does not consist only of planets; it also includes natural satellites, including the well-known Moon. In addition to Venus and Mercury, each planet has a certain number of satellites, today there are more than 63. New celestial bodies are constantly being discovered thanks to photographs taken by automatic spacecraft. They are capable of detecting even the smallest satellite with a diameter of only 10 km (Leda, Jupiter).
Characteristics of each planet in the solar system
Mercury's orbit procession
1. Mercury. This planet is closest to the Sun; it is considered the smallest in the entire system. Mercury has a hard surface, like all four inner planets (those closest to the center). It has the highest rotation speed. During the day, the planet practically burns under the sun's rays (+350˚), and freezes at night (-170˚).
2. Venus. This planet is more similar to Earth than others in its size, composition and brightness. But the conditions are very different. The atmosphere of Venus consists of carbon dioxide. There are always a lot of clouds around it, which makes observation difficult. The entire surface of Venus is a hot rocky desert.
3. Earth- the only planet on which there is oxygen, water, and therefore life. It has an ideal location in relation to the Sun: close enough to receive light and heat in the right quantities, and far enough not to be burned by the rays. It has an ozone layer that protects all living things from radiation. The planet is home to millions of species of living beings , including humans.
Comparison of the Earth with other planets of the solar system
The Earth has one satellite - the Moon.
4. Mars. Some scientists have suggested that life also exists on this planet because it has a number of similarities with Earth. But numerous studies have found no signs of life there. At the moment, two natural satellites of Mars are known: Phobos and Deimos.
5. Jupiter- the largest planet in the solar system, 10 times larger than Earth in diameter and 300 times larger in mass. Jupiter consists of hydrogen, helium and other gases and has 16 satellites.
6. Saturn- the most interesting planet for children, as it has rings that are formed from dust, stones and ice. There are three main rings around Saturn, each about 30 meters thick.
7. Uranium. This planet also has rings, but they are much more difficult to see and they only appear at certain times. The main feature of Uranus is its manner of rotation, performed in the “lying on its side” mode.
8. Neptune. Astronomy today calls this planet the last in the solar system. Neptune was discovered only in 1989, since it is located very far from the Sun. Its surface looks blue from space, which cannot but amaze us.
Until 2006, there were 9 planets, including Pluto. But according to the latest scientific data, this space object is no longer called a planet. It’s a pity... Although, it has become easier for children to remember.
Tyts astronomy for schoolchildren
