"World of Art" - Museum of Local Lore in Peterhof. What do you remember there? Journey into the world of art. Gallery of artists. Which ones? Valentin Alekseevich Serov (1865-1911). Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898). Still life "Peaches" Edouard Manet. Once upon a time there was an artist. Museums. People are preparing to visit the museum. Sculptor M,A. “Self-portrait” Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900).
"Books on Art" - Vol. 1. Meissen porcelain. Self-portrait. 1500 Around 1610 – 1611 The history of glass is as old as time. Albrecht Durer. Issue 2. The magical power of art. 1. Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. 1479 2. Large outfit of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. 1627 This issue examines primitive art, art of the Ancient World, art of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
“Signs and Symbols of Art” - Pablo Picasso. Sunflowers. 1887. Signs and symbols of art. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Art speaks to people in the language of symbols. P. Klas. I. Strauss. Musical instruments, notes - the brevity and ephemeral nature of life, a symbol of the arts. Difficult inner world the artist is often revealed through symbols.
"Art" - Classicism Feature- appeal to images ancient art, clarity, simplicity. "Alyonushka." "Gioconda". Rembrandt "Danae". Parthenon. Art as a specific form of understanding the world. Venus Tauride. Bronze Horseman(Falconet) Alexander Column (Montferrand). Aesthetic – aimed at transforming the world based on beauty.
“Symbols and signs” - For example: (any medical sign). In heraldry. Signs and symbols in fine arts and in life. IN ancient world– the image of a cornucopia is a symbol of wealth. Signs and symbols arose at the dawn of humanity. And more about signs and symbols. In tradition folk art The Slavs' image of a rhombus signifies the earth.
Art is a figurative expression of reality, which the author is able to bring to life with the help of various factors that distinguish one type of artistic and creative human activity from another. Each artist sees the reality around him in his own way and, accordingly, creates an original and unique masterpiece, which may turn out to be truly significant for his era and even for the entire history of mankind.
| Art is a special way of understanding and reflecting reality through artistic images. It is presented in artistic activity human, designed to satisfy people's needs for the enjoyment of beauty. |
| The specificity of art as a form of knowledge of the world lies in the emotional and sensory comprehension of existence and, consequently, the emotional regulation of a person’s relationship with the outside world. Despite the importance of rational experience of worldview for human life, the sensory-emotional reflection of reality, expressed in an aesthetic reaction to it, does not lose its significance. |
| A person’s aesthetic worldview manifests itself in appropriate images, impressions and is then reproduced in the process of functioning of actual culture. Works of art act as such materialized objects. |
| Art is a complex object and can be represented by various types, each of which has its own artistic and expressive means ( artistic language). A type of art is a specific way of artistic representation of the world, embodying its images in a certain material (word, sound, stone, metal, body movements, etc.). The arts complement each other, and none of them has an advantage over the other. The main types of art include literature, painting, graphics, sculpture, architecture, decorative and applied arts, music, theater, ballet, dance, cinema, circus, photography. |
The main social functions of art as a way of understanding the world: art plays a fundamental role in the formation of a person’s aesthetic taste. So, it performs an aesthetic function. From childhood, a person has a desire to create, which is noticeable in the example where young children often choose the most beautiful things or objects from the many offered. Even children who do not have the opportunity to fully contact the world due to congenital pathologies or past diseases have a developed instinct of beauty, which helps them enjoy beauty in their own way and receive aesthetic pleasure. Performing a social function, art transforms society and social reality, which allows people to unite into groups depending on their interests. Thanks to this function, people have common knowledge, ideas, thoughts, which gives impetus to development interpersonal relationships. To make up for the lack of beauty in everyday life, for relaxation, art performs a compensatory function. It makes it possible to recover from stress, solve urgent psychological problems of a person, and also restore his mental balance after difficult work days. allows you to understand reality with the help of a variety of artistic images cognitive function art. In society, education often depends on a person’s cultural upbringing, since from childhood parents introduce their child to art through trips to museums, theaters, listening to classical music etc. The hedonic function helps a person get real pleasure from art. To become involved with the author, to understand his work - this is pleasure. Back in Ancient Greece drew attention to the special, exclusive nature of aesthetic pleasure, which is not similar to carnal pleasures. This is spiritual pleasure, where manifestations of human material and utilitarian needs are not possible. A huge role is assigned to the educational function, which deals with the socialization of the individual. Art develops in people certain thoughts and feelings, thanks to which the formation of a personality becomes real, interacting with the whole society. The impact of this feature extends to all aspects human life, and therefore everyone is subject to this positive impact. Don't forget about the predictive function. Different types arts are able to predict the future, which makes it even more interesting and mysterious. One of the most remarkable features of this prediction is the ability to make forecasts without complete and sufficient information about a particular phenomenon under study. And these are just the basic functions of art that it performs every day. Creative activity has many other functions that reveal and distribute a number of basic obligations.
Slide 1
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher of the VKK Stadnichuk T.M.
Slide 2
In the history of the sciences of knowledge and cognition, various types knowledge. 1. B ancient times a distinction was made between knowledge and opinion. 2. The Middle Ages were especially concerned about the relationship between knowledge and faith. 3. Success natural sciences in modern times led to the identification of knowledge and science. Scientific knowledge became the main object of epistemology - the theory of knowledge.
Slide 3
Before science was formed, there were other ways of cognitively relating to the world. But even today, in beginning of XXI c., most people do not draw much information about the world from scientific treatises. Along with science, there are other ways of knowledge.
Slide 4
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
The earliest way of understanding reality was myth. Myth (ancient Greek μῦθος - speech, word; legend, tradition) is a narrative that conveys people’s ideas about the world, man’s place in it, the origin of all things, about gods and heroes. Unlike science, myth replaces explanation with a story about the origin, creation of the universe or its parts.
Slide 5
The myths also affirmed the system of rules and values accepted in a given society. Main task myth - to set samples, models for every important action performed by a person, myth made it possible for a person to find meaning in life.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Slide 6
Cosmogonic myths - myths about creation, myths about the origin of the cosmos from chaos, the main initial plot of most mythologies. Serve to explain the origin of the world and life on Earth. One of the common plots of cosmogonic myths is the birth of the world from the world egg.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
William Blake "The Great Architect"
Slide 7
Anthropogonic, or myths about the creation of man, the mythical ancestors of the people, the first human couple, etc. Cosmogonic and anthropogonic myths are often interrelated, often the same gods are responsible for both the creation of the world and the creation of man.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
The creation of man by Prometheus.
Slide 8
Eschatological myths are myths about the end of the world; they exist along with cosmogonic myths and are associated with the confrontation between the forces of chaos and space. A variety of such myths are myths about the supposed end of the world in the future, for example the German myth of Ragnarok.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Slide 9
Calendar myths are the mythologization of the change of time cycles - day and night, winter and summer, up to cosmic cycles. They are associated with astronomical observations, astrology, New Year celebrations, harvest festivals and other calendar events.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Yarilo
Ra
Slide 10
Heroic myths are myths about heroes, who can be either children of gods from a mortal woman, or simply legendary figures of the epic. A special category of heroes are cultural heroes - mythical heroes who made a significant contribution to the culture of the people. Often culture hero is a demiurge, participating in creation along with the gods, or obtaining or inventing various cultural objects for people.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Prometheus
Slide 11
One of the oldest beliefs that some peoples have preserved to this day is totemism. Some scientists believe that it was from the belief in the consanguinity of people and animals that myths about werewolves arose - legends about the reincarnation of a person into a wolf, tiger, bear, etc.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Sky in the form of a cow Nut
Slide 12
Very often in totemic myths the theme of marriage of a zoomorphic creature and ordinary person. As a rule, this is how the origin of nationalities is explained. The Kyrgyz, Orochi, and Koreans have this. Hence the images of fairy tales about the frog princess or Finist the Bright Falcon.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Slide 13
Astral myths are close to cosmogonic ones, telling about the origin of stars and planets (it is on them that astrology is based). Constellations are transformed animals, plants and even people.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Milky Way
Aquarius
Slide 14
Cult myths tell about the root cause of any action. A classic example is the bacchanalia held in honor of the ancient Greek god Dionysus.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Slide 15
Myths, purified of ritual and elements of holiness, gave rise to fairy tales. The ancient heroic epic also goes back to myths, that is, a legend about the past containing complete picture life of the people. The most famous examples heroic epic closely associated with mythology are the Iliad, Odyssey, Ramayana, etc.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Odysseus
Sita and Rama Ramayana
Slide 16
Studies of myths in the 20th century Ritualism: its most prominent representative was J. Fraser. He considered myths to be ritual texts, in which everything is not accidental, everything has its place and time. One cannot deviate from these texts, and they true meaning accessible to few.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
Functionalism: Lévy Bruhl saw in myth a way of maintaining a certain order, which binds together not only the community of people living at the same time and in the same place, but also their ancestors. (continuity of the culture of the people).
Slide 17
But some features of mythological consciousness are preserved to this day. Many of us still believe that a few simple ideas can explain all the diversity of the world.
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
1. Myths of political and public life, which are created by politicians, parties, journalists: “racial purity”, “welfare state”
2. Myths related to ethnic and religious self-identification: myths about Russia and Orthodoxy in the past and present, the myth about “Russian barbarism”
Slide 18
3. Myths associated with non-religious beliefs: myths about UFOs, Bigfoot, psychic healers
MYTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
4. Myths associated with popular culture: O healthy life, the dangers of milk, bird flu, about America and the American dream
Slide 19
A special way of understanding the world is life practice, the experience of everyday life.
“AND EXPERIENCE, THE SON OF HARD MISTAKES...”
Unlike science, where knowledge is an end in itself, in practical experience it is a “by-product”; The way to form practical knowledge was apprenticeship; Practical knowledge also has its own language: “by eye”, “a little bit”; Practical knowledge does not pretend to be theoretically justified.
Slide 20
Generalized practical knowledge formed the basis folk wisdom. From the generalization of experience, unique aphorisms, sayings, and judgments containing practical conclusions arose.
FOLK WISDOM
Strike while the iron is hot. Such are the works, such are the fruits. Spring feeds the year. Time heals. Where someone was born, that’s where he fits in. The hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies. Two deaths cannot happen, but one cannot be avoided.
Slide 21
A distinctive feature of folk wisdom as a kind of set of recipes for behavior for different cases is its heterogeneity and inconsistency.
FOLK WISDOM
Work is not a wolf; it will not run away into the forest.
He who is glad to work will be rich in bread.
Slide 22
Common sense is people’s views on the surrounding reality and themselves, spontaneously formed under the influence of everyday experience, and these views are the basis for practical activity and morality: Helps to navigate the environment Indicates the direction and method of action Does not rise to a scientific explanation
FOLK WISDOM
Slide 23
Art, like science, understands the world around us. However, unlike a scientist, an artist, reproducing the forms and phenomena of the visible world, expresses first of all his worldview, experiences and state of mind.
ART
Slide 24
A specific way of artistic cognition is artistic generalization, an image. Being a reflection of reality, the image has certain properties of a real object.
ART
Slide 25
ART
Slide 26
In ancient and medieval art The place of the artistic image was taken by the canon - a set of applied rules of artistic or poetic craft.
ART
ANDREY RUBLEV
SIMON USHAKOV
DIONYSIUS
Slide 27
During the Renaissance, the idea of style appeared as the right of the artist to create a work in accordance with his creative initiative, i.e. create the world according to your own idea of it. ... Similarity in painting real person with his image was so close that he seemed alive.
ART
R. SANTI “MADONNA BELVEDERE”
The ancient Greeks called art “the ability to create things in accordance with certain rules.” They considered art, in addition to architecture and sculpture, also handicrafts, arithmetic, and in general any matter where it was necessary to act according to certain rules. In this sense, art was understood for two and a half millennia - until the 16th century. In the 16th – 18th centuries. crafts and sciences gradually ceased to be called arts. The French philosopher C. Bathe in the 18th century, defining art as “a creation of beauty,” identified 7 types of “fine arts”: painting, sculpture, architecture, music, poetry, eloquence, dance. Since then, this list has become much longer.
Modern explanatory dictionaries indicate that the word “art” in Russian is used in three different senses:
1) any activity that requires certain knowledge and skills, for example, “military art”;
2) mastery, skill in any matter, for example, “the art of negotiation”;
3) the sphere of artistic activity and its products - works of art.
It is in the third meaning that this word is the concept of philosophy and aesthetics.
Art is form public consciousness and human activity, which is a reflection of reality in artistic images.
One of the functions of art is cognitive function. You can learn a lot from works of art. In painting we are presented with historical events, portraits of prominent figures, national characteristics of life, clothing, and morals. An artist conveys the spirit of the era, the national flavor of culture, perhaps even better than an ethnographer or historian. By reading historical stories and novels, you can glean a lot of impressions that direct study of authentic historical documents will not provide.
Many ideas developed by science fiction writers are subsequently translated into reality. Researchers of Jules Verne's work counted 108 scientific and technical ideas in his novels. Of these, 98 have now been implemented. Herbert Wells has 77 out of 86 ideas, and Alexander Belyaev has 47 out of 50.
A work of art is sometimes ahead of science and is justified even contrary to the scientific ideas of its contemporaries. Wells, in his novel “The Time Machine,” written in 1895, 10 years before the appearance of A. Einstein’s first article outlining the foundations of the theory of relativity, expressed the idea of the relativity of time. A. Blok in 1904, a year before this Einstein article, wrote the following lines:
We seemed to wander briefly.
No, we have lived long lives...
We returned and they didn’t recognize us,
And they were not met in our dear Fatherland.
And no one asked about the Planet,
Where we were approaching eternal youth...
It is easy to see that this describes the effect of time dilation, which occurs, according to the theory of relativity, when moving at a speed close to the speed of light (“the twin paradox”).
In the 1920s I. Ehrenburg in the novel “Julio Jurenito” depicts a hero who, with the help of radium and rays, finds “a means that will greatly facilitate and accelerate the destruction of humanity”: in one hour it will be possible to kill 50 thousand people. Similar remedy- atomic bomb - appeared in 1945.
But soon the structure of the Moon will be
We will look at it from the other side.
And in 1959, from a device that circled the Moon, its reverse side was photographed. Martynov had to redo the text in subsequent editions:
But, by the way, the structure of the Moon
We also learned from the other side.
Art - special way human knowledge of the world, understanding reality through a system of images. Through the creation of works of art, such a type of cognitive activity of people as artistic cognition is realized. The subject of art is a person, his relationship with the outside world, as well as the life of people in certain historical conditions. Vasily Surikov “Morning of the Streltsy Execution” Ilya Repin “Princess Sophia”
Specificity of art as a form of artistic knowledge: Art is figurative and visual. Art is characterized by specific ways of reproducing the surrounding reality, as well as means of creating artistic images. In literature, this word is painting - color, in music - sound. In the process of understanding the world through art, the imagination and fantasy of the learning subject play an important role.
There are also many types of art - forms of artistic activity that differ in the way they embody artistic images. The main types of art include literature, theater, graphics, painting, sculpture, choreography, music, architecture, decorative and applied arts, circus, artistic photography, cinema.
The main functions of art: Hedonistic - associated with bringing joy, pleasure, enjoyment and mental relaxation to a person. Compensatory – makes up for dissatisfaction real life. Communicative is a means of communication in the cultural space of different people. Aesthetic – aimed at transforming the world based on beauty. Educational - through examples and ideals, morally influences a person, through empathy encourages certain actions. Cognitive – promotes the acquisition of new knowledge about the world around us through artistic images.
