Almost a good third of your life is spent watching TV. With the advent of cinema, this activity absorbed people. Breathtaking special effects, amazing acting, gorgeous landscapes, intriguing plots - all this now. Where did the history of cinema begin? What was the world's first film and cartoon?

What is the very first cartoon in the world

Both adults and children love to watch cartoons. Colorful cheerful characters add bright spots to the ordinary life. Some cartoons simply give pleasure and bring a positive mood, others tell “what is good and what is bad.” But for the most part, they teach something, make the child better, and help in the future. adult life. The title of “oldest cartoon in the world” was shared among 3 candidates:

• American cartoonist Stuart Blackton shot 2 films at once: “ Humorous phases funny faces " And " Haunted Hotel" They were created one after another in 1906 and 1907. The first cartoon was moving pictures drawn in chalk. The man came to life before our eyes and moved without the artist’s help. The people of France were the first to watch it.

Blackton's second work created a greater sensation among viewers. There was a movement not only of people, but also inanimate objects, and the operators of the famous company Gaumont were left completely perplexed as to how they managed to “revive” them.

• The second contender was Emil Kolya with your work" Phantasmagoria", published in 1908. The short film took only one and a half minutes of time, and more than 700 drawings went into its preparation. Main character- Fantosha, who fell from the horizontal bar. Various funny situations happen to him.

Experts say that “Phantasmagoria” is the very first cartoon, since the first two were more like a demonstration of new capabilities and technologies, and Emil Kolya made a truly full-fledged story film.

The very first video film in the world

In the 21st century, we are no longer surprised by colorful special effects, and often even reproach the director for poor quality filming. But when the very first cinema appeared in the world, then there was nothing at all. Everything was done by hand without additional tools, computer graphics.

From films we get not just empty information, bare pictures, we draw a lot from them historical facts, biography famous personalities, interesting information about some unknown objects and phenomena. One can only guess how much information is stored in the brains of TV viewers. It is much more interesting to receive information through visualization than to listen to a boring lecture at school while sitting at a desk. This is why children are so happy when a themed movie is announced in class.

Did you know who made the first film? The world's first motion picture was shown in 1895. By the Lumiere Brothers a film was made called " Arrival of the train at La Ciotat station" The plot was simple, but the “miracle” presented in the film shocked the audience. After all, no one could believe that sitting on a chair, you could see a train approaching you.

A lot of people came to watch the very first film in the world in 1895, “The Arrival of a Train” by the Lumière Brothers. But they were psychologically unprepared for such a turn of events. Some jumped away from the screen, afraid of being hit by the moving train. The first film show created a sensation. Since then, the Lumiere Brothers have gained worldwide fame and are considered the founders of cinema. This is the official version.

So what year did the first film come out? In 1888, even before the advent of cinema as a concept, the first movie was made.It lasted only a couple of seconds and showed several people walking around the garden. Louis le Prince took off " Scenes in Roundhay Garden“This is the oldest film in the world. Next, the author made another film, but it was not released to the public because Louis le Prince went missing.

There is still debate about what year the movie appeared, the official version is 1895, and the unofficial version is 1888.

When the first film about the arrival of the train was made, other operators began to try to create similar films at other stations. In what year was the film about trains No. 2 and No. 3 made? In 1898 by Georges Méliès: “The Arrival of a Train at the Vincent Station” and “The Arrival of a Train at the Joinville Station.” When the first film was released, it marked the beginning of the era of cinema.

The first cinema in Russia

At the beginning of the development of cinema, only short films were released, which lasted from a few seconds to several minutes. The first silent film in Russia was “Ponizovaya Volnitsa” from 1908. Its duration was only 7 minutes.

Full-length films began to be made only later, when it became technically possible. What is it called first Soviet feature film, not everyone knows. It was released in 1911 and was called " Defense of Sevastopol" This is a documentary about the Crimean War, filmed at real battle sites.

How and when did cinematography appear?

Probably, you, film lovers, are interested in knowing who invented cinema and cinematography.

1. The history of film and cinematography began in 1685 with the invention of the camera obscura, or as it was called the “magic lantern.”
2. The second step was taken by Michael Faraday in 1839. He invented the Phenakistiscope device, which “revitalized” the drawing. The device was accompanied by a series of pictures depicting sequential movements.
3. The third step in 1877 was to photograph the galloping horse with 60 different cameras. Thus, they wanted to find out whether the animal raises its legs during fast running. Thanks to this experiment, Louis Dagert and Jose Neps were able to decompose movement into phases.

In 1894, the kinetoscope apparatus was created. Its disadvantage was that only one person could watch the moving pictures. In 1893, the projector for watching films was invented. And who invented cinematography (or cinematography) as a result? Brothers Lumiere! This equipment made it possible to easily shoot and show films to people on a wide screen.

The history of cinema goes into their hands. At their first show in 1895, they showed more than one video. For example, "Workers Leaving the Factory" did not receive as much popularity as "The Arrival of the Train."

The history of the emergence of cinema and world cinema begins at the end of the 19th century, but only since 1920 have films been put on stream and developed as an art form. And yet, in what year did cinema appear? The official version is 1895, but the first films began to be released long before that.

The first sound film in the world

We usually associate silent films with Charlie Chaplin. A funny little man with whom some troubles constantly happen. After silent films, it's time to hear what the heroes are talking about. The title of the first sound film is “ Jazz singer" The American company Warner Brothers took this bold step. After the creation of special equipment that could record and reproduce sound, they were afraid to test it in practice for a long time, fearing a sharp rise in the cost of film production and distribution.

The silent film era ended in 1927. The first film with sound in the history of cinema was turning point. “The Jazz Singer” ran for 88 minutes, and its creation required a considerable amount of money at that time: 422 thousand dollars.

Do you know what the very first sound film in Russia was called? One of the first films to be released was “Plan of Great Works” in 1930. Next, the film “The Earth Thirsts” by Yuli Raizman was shot in silent form, and then dubbed.

The very first horror film in the world

You won’t surprise anyone anymore with fantastic special effects and terrifying sounds in movies. Sometimes, even with boredom in our eyes, we watch another “horror movie”, thinking, what kind of nonsense did this director make. Previously, each such painting was worth its weight in gold, thousands of people came to the shows. The very first horror film was filmed in 1896 and was called " Devil's Castle" At that time, of course, there was no talk of any great technologies, but this was enough for the unspoiled viewer to admire and be frightened by what was happening. Now, watching this movie, it looks more like a comedy parody.

The first color film in the world

One of the first color films in the world was " Gone with the Wind ", filmed in 1939. Technically, this was not yet an ideal result of progress, but by the 60-70s, such work far outweighed black and white cinema. Officially, the very first was a movie called “ Becky Sharp» 1935 release. However, long before this, there were attempts to “decorate” the ribbons, which was done by hand by the Lumiere Brothers.

The famous “Battleship Potemkin”, released in 1925, is the first color film in Russia. But the only bright spot in the film was the red flag, which was hand-painted by director Sergei Eisenstein.

In 1936, the film “Grunya Kornakova” was released. And a picture about the 1945 Victory Parade was shot on multilayer color film.

Where did the world's first cinema appear?

Nowadays you won’t surprise anyone with cinemas; there are several of them in every city. Moreover, technology has developed to such an extent that you can no longer just watch a film, but feel smells, wind blowing, vibration and other movements occurring on the screen, and see everything in three-dimensional form. The first movie theater was Vitascope Hall, opened in 1896 in New Orleans.. It had a seating capacity of 400 and admission cost 10 cents. The largest hall opened in 1910 in Paris; it was designed for 5,000 spectators.

Conclusion

The development of the film industry has taken a giant step from its birth to the present day. Progress does not stand still, and specialists are still working on creating more and more new technologies that will improve the display of films and their shooting to the ideal. Perhaps very soon, sitting in a movie theater, you will find yourself in the middle of the jungle, and fantastic scenes will take place around you that you will be able to touch, and maybe even participate a little in them.

Cartoons have long ceased to be associated exclusively with children's entertainment. Adults enjoy visiting cinemas and spending their free time watching exciting animated films - as they are commonly called today.

Considering the young age of this genre, it is difficult to imagine that the very first cartoons in some categories appeared relatively recently. Let's talk about them - it's always interesting to know who became a leader, a pioneer, or simply set a certain trend in the world of animated films.

The first cartoon in the world

Today, the right to be called the first is being challenged by several cartoons. This is natural: when animation was just emerging, there were no strict standards and precise definitions this genre, which is why different sources call different animated films.

The birthday of hand-drawn animation is considered to be August 30, 1877, but it was only in 1898 that the world’s first puppet cartoon, called “Circus of the Lilliputians,” was released, in which wooden toys were used. And Emil Kohl’s “Phantasmagoria” (1908) became a landmark for animated animation – it is here that the viewer is faced with a self-sufficient plot and a hero endowed with character.

The very first hand-drawn cartoon - “Phantasmagoria”

The first full-length cartoon in the world

Argentine director Quirino Cristiani was the first to shoot a full-length animated film. His “Apostle,” filmed back in 1917, touches on topics that are not childish at all - issues of corruption and immorality that were characteristic of Buenos Aires at that time.

About the cartoons of Quirino Cristiani

The duration of the animated film was a whopping 69 minutes! Not a single copy has survived to our time: their most of They were used to make celluloid combs, and the latter burned down in a fire in 1926.

The first feature-length animated film to win an Oscar

Officially, the Oscars have been awarded for feature-length animation since 2002. It was then that the popularly beloved cartoon “Shrek”, created by the DreamWorks studio, received it. But in fact, the Academy has awarded the Oscar for cartoons (albeit with the “special” mark) before.

Screensaver of the first Oscar-winning cartoon - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”

This happened for the first time in 1939 - then it was received by the fantasy cartoon “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,” filmed two years earlier at Walt Disney Studios. The talented animator received eight figurines for his creation, and they were presented to him by rising star cinematography by Shirley Temple. One Oscar was awarded for the first official soundtrack to a cartoon.

The first Russian cartoon

In 1910, Vladislav Starevich decided to film documentary about stag beetles, but his idea failed at the implementation stage: under the lighting fixtures, the insects became passive and categorically refused to move.

The first Russian cartoon about the war between stags and barbels

Thanks to this property, the first silent cartoon with three-dimensional characters appeared, “Beautiful Lyukanida, or the War of the Barbels with the Horned Horns,” in which the beetles parodied the heroes of novels about brave knights. The first viewers did not always realize that what they saw on the screen were not real insects, but puppet dummies.

The first sound cartoon

The first sound cartoon was filmed in 1928 - it was “Steamboat Willie”. The animation was created by Walt Disney and leading role Mickey Mouse, already known from two previous issues, appeared. By the way, the latter has become one of the most popular and recognizable cartoon characters in the world.

The very first sound cartoon in the world - “Steamboat Willie”

At first, Disney had no intention of releasing sound cartoons at all, but everything changed after watching the first sound feature film, The Jazz Singer (1927). The animator was so impressed that he wanted to apply this experience to the cartoon.

First color cartoon

Once again, the record belongs to the creation of Walt Disney and his color cartoon “Flowers and Trees” (1932). This animated film was the first to use the three-color Technicolor process.

The very first color cartoon in the world

The first shots of the cartoon were shot in a standard two-color version, but later the director abandoned them. And for good reason: the colorful animation, which was warmly received by the audience, brought the creators additional income from distribution in US cinemas.

First television animated series

Cartoons intended for broadcast on TV are now perceived as something ordinary, but this was not always the case. The first animated series appeared on television back in 1947. The animated film Crusader Rabbit, directed by Alex Andersen and Jay Bard, has been on television for over ten years.

Pilot of the 1947 animated series Crusader Rabbit

During this time, 455 episodes were shown, the very first of which were in black and white. After the appearance of this series, cartoon animation began to be widely used in television advertising.

The first animated series for adults

The editors of uznayvsyo.rf are sure: you have definitely heard about him. These are the famous "Flintstones", the production of which began in 1960. There were 6 television seasons (or 166 episodes) released on American television. The creator of the animation, William Hanna, used caricature techniques to show the life of American society from the inside. True, for this he had to transfer the cartoon characters to the Stone Age.

Episode of the animated series "The Flintstones"

Director Roman Davydov, between 1967 and 1971, shot five parts of the cartoon “Mowgli,” based on “The Jungle Book,” the world bestseller by Rudyard Kipling. Later, in 1973, these episodes were edited into one full-length film. It became no less popular than the animated series. By the way, in 1967, the Disney studio released an American film adaptation of the same book, but this is nothing more than a coincidence.

The famous Soviet animated series about Mowgli “The Jungle Book”

First computer cartoon

Just imagine: the full-length cartoons you read about above were created without the use of computer graphics. It was first used in Toy Story, filmed in 1995 jointly by two major animation studios - Pixar and Disney.

Toy Story is the first animated film made entirely digital

The popularity of this project is evidenced by its achievements: the first Oscar nomination for “Best original script", the highest-grossing film of 1995, one of hundreds greatest films in the history of American cinema. Interestingly, Steve Jobs was invited to be the executive producer of the filming, and it took up to 13 hours to process each animated frame!

Cartoons have long become a full-fledged genre of cinema. And one of the most interesting is the subgenre of anime, Japanese animation. We at the editorial site have compiled a list of Japanese cartoons that you must watch in order to understand this nation.
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Introduction

This is my village, this is my home.

Here I am running home at high speed.

Toys are waiting for me, things are waiting for me.

Cartoons are waiting for me, because I can’t live without them!

Cartoons are wonderful and amazing world fantasy that comes to life on the screen. Drawn and puppet characters behave as if they were alive: they are happy, sad, and act. Incredible miracles happen to them.

It is unlikely that there is at least one child who does not like to watch cartoons. I think cartoons for children are a fun immersion in magical world, vivid impressions.

I really love cartoons! I have a lot of CDs, sometimes I go online or just watch on TV. And then one day I thought, how is this miracle born on the screen? Who invented them and when?

Target my work is to search for an answer to the question “When did the first cartoon appear and was it similar to modern cartoons?”

To do this, you need to decide the following tasks:

Find out the history of the appearance of the first cartoon in our country.

Find out how cartoons were created before and how they are created now.

What cartoons did my parents, aunts, older brother and cousins ​​watch?

What cartoons do my peers watch?

Subject of research: cartoon.

Relevance of the study: Everyone loves to watch cartoons: both adults and children. They have become an integral part of our lives. Children study

cartoon characters are kind, their actions are analyzed. Cartoons develop imaginative and abstract thinking.

Work hypothesis: majority cartoons that demonstrate kindness, friendship, help contribute to the harmonious development of the child, help in communication, have a positive effect on the child’s behavior among peers, which means that watching cartoons is useful for children and knowing the history of cartoons is also useful.

1. When did the first cartoon appear?

The first cartoon appeared in Russia in 1910. It was created by director Vladislav Starevich. This cartoon was about beetles and was not at all like what we were used to seeing. It was filmed for educational purposes: the first Russian animator did not intend to entertain young viewers, he wanted to create a documentary about beetles. However, during filming, he encountered a problem - when he set the right light, the beetles refused to move. Then Vladislav Starevich made stuffed beetles, attached strings to them and shot the film frame by frame. This picture was called the first puppet cartoon. Starevich produced several more similar insect-themed cartoons, but now he used real scripts. These cartoons were very popular among viewers - many did not understand how the pictures were made and were surprised at how the author managed to train the beetles in such a way.

Real cartoons appeared a few years later in Soviet years. The first cartoon with sound - "Mail" - was based on the work of Samuil Marshak in 1930. The author of the script was Marshak himself.

Soviet animators began working with color in the late 1930s. Already the first experiments ended successfully - such color films as “Sweet Pie” (1936), “Little Red Riding Hood” (1937) and “Little Mook” (1939) appeared on the screens of the country.

In the post-war period soviet animation not only quickly recovered, but also continued to develop rapidly. At this time, domestic cartoons began to slowly but surely enter the world animation arena. The most notable films of that period are “Sinbad the Sailor”, “The Lost Letter”, “Spring Melodies” and “The Little Humpbacked Horse”.

3

How cartoons are born

Creating a cartoon is a long and painstaking work of many people. In the mid-50s, cartoons were made in large groups: about 20-30 people worked on just one 8-minute cartoon. The group was divided into the following categories:

Director (supervises the entire project)

Producer (pays expenses)

Screenwriters (think through every frame of the cartoon)

Artists (make the cartoon beautiful)

Composers (select music)

One cartoon took from 3 months to 1 year to create. Any cartoon begins with a script. It takes a long time to write and is difficult, the dialogues change several times, some scenes are thrown out completely. And only when the whole film has been put together on paper can it be drawn. What the cartoon characters will look like in profile and from the front, front and back, what they look like in motion - decides production designer film. He has to draw so much that an enormous number of pencils are worn out in a day. Then they join the game animators, under whose hands, cartoon characters come to life. For example, in order for the hero to raise his hand, animators need to draw a considerable number of frames. There are 25 of them in one second. And if the cartoon lasts an hour and a half, you will need to create 135,000 frames. The result of the animators' work is picked up graphic artists. As a result, we have a color film. But there are not only heroes on the screen, they are surrounded by trees and cities. All these backgrounds are created by many other artists. And the most interesting thing is how the characters talk. The entire dialogue is recorded on a voice recorder. Then they count the time (down to milliseconds) per word in the dialogue. And under each letter you need to draw a mouth. So the characters move their mouths with each word. The actors' voices are recorded before the animators start working, that is

First, the characters have voices, and only then they begin to come to life based on their lines. And what would a cartoon be without music and songs?

Cartoon creation technologies

To make it easier for artists to create cartoons, a method called “landscape” was created in the 1920s. Everything that moved in the picture was divided into groups of repeating movements. It could be the gait of a person, the flight of a bird, and so on. The motion cycle was called an "album" and could be used multiple times in a cartoon.

The most common technology for creating cartoons is animation. Animation is the magical technology that makes inanimate objects move. For animation, the main thing is to create actions and effects that are impossible in reality. Only in this fairy tale world you can fly, change your appearance, recreate yourself. The animation of objects looks magical. It’s amazing how small grains of sand can form a sand castle on their own, or how a pencil can suddenly, without anyone’s influence, begin to draw bizarre images on paper.

One of the oldest animation techniques is plasticine animation. Animators such as Alexander Tatarsky (“Plasticine Crow,” “Last Year’s Snow Was Falling”) worked in this genre. One of the most tempting aspects of its creation is the magnificent unique properties and capabilities of plasticine. Creating such a cartoon is exciting, interesting, but requires diligence and willpower.

But this is not the only animation technique, there is also - puppet The doll is photographed in front of the camera in the desired position. Moreover, to create the effect of movement, its position is changed a little each time. Large creative success achieved by Soviet puppet animation. Talented director and artist A.L. Ptushko releases two full-length puppet films, “The New Gulliver” and “The Golden Key,” which were a great success not only in our country, but also abroad. Nowadays puppet animation is very popular.

In the 70s appeared new look - computer animation . She now brilliantly supersedes everything before known species animation, this is primarily due to its great popularity among viewers. The process of creating a computer cartoon is very labor-intensive. It looks like this: the main poses are carefully drawn and intermediate ones are automatically selected. The first such cartoon, Toy Story, took four and a half years to create.

More modern animation techniques - oil painting on glass. The artist draws on glass not only with a brush, but also with his fingers. The most famous cartoon made in this technique is “The Old Man and the Sea” (1999) directed by Alexander Petrov. In 2000, the cartoon was awarded the Academy Award.

6

How modern cartoons are created

There are three types of animation:hand-drawn, puppet and computer. Almost everythingmodern cartoonsThey have been doing it on a computer for a long time, rather than drawing on films or sculpting from plasticine. Even the simplest 2D cartoons are made on a computer. Today, Russian animation is on the rise, and new high-quality cartoons are increasingly appearing on the screens of our cinemas. How cartoons appear and who draws them – we’ll find out now.

The process of creating a good cartoon with modern graphics very labor intensive. Let's look at the step-by-step creation of one short cartoon, let's say no more than 10 minutes in duration.

Stage 1. It all starts with an idea and an invented situation for future history: an outline of the story and its characters is sketched out, usually 1-3 pages of text. If the plot outline is successful, a script is written, the location of the action is described, and the characters’ characters and their dialogues are worked out. The length of the script is usually from 70 to 85 pages.

Stage 2. Invented for each character appearance, costume, objects of use - everything that allows you to express individuality actor. Finished drawings are double checked by the director and the animator who drew the rough versions of these

frames.

Stage 3. The director draws the characters

"cucumbers" - drawings in the style of "stick, stick,

cucumber", then the artists create storyboard

future movie - sequence

drawings, serving as a visual illustration of the future cartoon. She helps the director plan the scenes of the future film in advance down to the smallest detail.

At this stage, it is important to see the integrity of the whole picture, check whether everything is logical, whether the dynamics are lost, whether

storylines.

Stage 4. Artists plan future scenes in detail.

The scenery and the place of the characters in the background are being developed

for each specific plan. Animators create

key poses for every movement of the characters in every scene.

Stage 5. After the cartoon characters

approved on paper or molded models from plasticine,

You can start modeling in 3D. Before you start

modeling, it is necessary to prepare a clear image of the character,sketch, which depicts the hero in a neutral pose from the front and side. When modeling, not a whole character is created, but only its half, which is subsequently duplicated, mirrored, and the resulting 2 halves form a whole model. Finished drawings are scanned into computer memory to plan actual camera movements and editing. Very important stage in the production of 3D models -texturing : It gives the artist the ability to add small details such as cracks, wrinkles, roughness and unevenness, giving it a realistic look.

Stage 6. Music production –

review of the film with the composer and

discussing how the music will be

mix and match with the action as the mood of the film changes from scene to scene. Usually there is already a cut of temporary music that will show the composer what the directors consider most suitable for each particular sequence of the film. The script and recording of the actors’ voices serve as a guide here., invited to voice the characters in the film.

It usually takes 4-5 days of recording to create a film's soundtrack. Writing music itself requires 10 to 12 weeks of work from the composer.

And all this is only a small part of what is done when drawing and “revitalizing” each of the characters. On average, one animator manages to draw only a second (!!!) of a cartoon in a high-quality manner per working day. Some full-length cartoons can take up to 2 years of work.

Practical part.

Study 1. Conversation - interview. I visited kindergarten and talked to the children preschool age with the goal: to find out what cartoons they watch, what characters - heroes children like and why. The results of the interview pleased me:

Boys and girls 5-6 years old watch cartoons different types: drawn, puppet, computer. Children enjoy all types of cartoons equally;

- preschoolers they note that there is a lot of goodness and fun in cartoons, “good” heroes always win;

Boys are more fascinated by such films as: “Ninja Turtles”, “The Smurfs”, “Tom and Jerry”, girls paid attention to “Masha and the Bear” and “Luntik”. They note that they watch these cartoons several times, with constant interest and attention.

Study 2. I conducted a survey of students in different classes of our school. Survey among schoolchildren junior classes showed that all students were watching animated films. Among their favorite cartoons, the children named such cartoons as: “Fixies”, “Barboskiny”, “Luntik”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Tom and Jerry”, “Well, Just Wait!”

Study 3. It was with great pleasure that I talked with my parents, aunts, older brother and cousins. All of them also love watching cartoons since childhood. Only they didn’t have the opportunity they have now to watch whatever they want. But they happily answered my questions. The childhood cartoons of parents and aunts are: “Well, wait a minute!”, “Puss in Boots”, “Moidodyr”,« Cinderella”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “Three Bears”, “Holidays in Prostokvashino”, “Straw Hat”, “Sack of Apples”. Big brother and cousins ​​too

listed the above cartoons and also added: “Winnie the Pooh”, “DuckTales”, “Maya the Bee”. The most popular cartoon was “Well, wait a minute!” With my survey, I unwittingly made them all plunge into childhood.

Conclusion.

Having learned everything about cartoons, I was convinced of my assumptions that cartoons began to be created a very long time ago and people of all generations love to watch them.

The first cartoon appeared in 1910. It was about beetles and was not at all like what we were used to seeing. It was filmed for educational purposes - to tell children about the life of beetles.

The first cartoon with sound - "Mail" - was based on the work of Samuil Marshak in 1930. Soviet animators began working with color in the late 1930s;

In the early days of animation, teams of animators drew each illustration by hand. Nowadays they do most of their work on the computer.

In the 70s, it was in our country that a new type of animation appeared - computer. She was undeservedly forgotten. And only now is it brilliantly replacing all previously known types of animation.

Modern children prefer cartoons in 3D format. They are bright, spectacular, imaginative, unusually realistic, they amaze the imagination and arouse interest.

Thus, the goal I set at the beginning research work- achieved. Animation is not even cinema, but more broadly, it is culture. For us, children, masterpieces have been made in this art that attune us to a holistic attitude towards the world. The role of animation in the process of human formation is colossal.

And most importantly, - WithYou should watch cartoons that teach you something good!

So, we need to continue research on the influence of cartoons on children, which ones are useful and which ones are not?

Ministry of Education of the Perm Territory

Department of Education of the Yurlinsky Administration Municipal district Municipal budget educational institution"Dubrovskaya main secondary school»

History of cartoons in our country

Head: Moiseeva

Alexandra Grigorievna

teacher primary classes

2013

Content

Introduction. 1-2

Chapter 1. When did the first cartoon 3 appear?

Chapter 1.1 How cartoons are born 4

Chapter 1.2 Technologies for creating cartoons 5-6

Chapter 2 How modern cartoons are created 7-8

Chapter 2.1 Practical part 10-11

Conclusion 12

References 13

Literature

Babichenko D.N., "The Art of Animation", M.: "Iskusstvo", 1964

"Profession - animator. Volume 2" Fedor Khitruk

www.myltik.ru

www.multikov.net

Animation has been considered a branch of the film industry since its inception. However, this interesting direction can also be successfully associated with painting and graphics. The artist's talent plus technical capabilities - and art is born that leaves neither children nor adults indifferent.

The origins of animation are associated with the strobe light, an optical toy invented by the Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau in 1832. The principle of this device was simple - a cyclic pattern was applied to the edge of the circle. For example, a running horse, which was depicted several times in different stages movements. When the circle rotated, the pattern merged, and the illusion of a moving object arose.

The first real animator is considered to be the Frenchman Emile Reynaud. He created a praxinoscope apparatus, which consisted of a rotating drum, a system of mirrors and a lantern. In 1892, Reynaud launched a unique attraction - an optical theater. There he showed the audience comic stories lasting 15-20 minutes. This happened several years before the famous premiere, that is, animation became known to the French even a little earlier than films.

Further development of animation, as well as cinema, took place in France. Emil Kohl, another bright director and artist, began his career with acting productions. In 1908 he created the first animated films. They resembled hand-drawn comics, only in motion. Emil Kohl drew thousands of drawings to bring them to life. He sought to achieve realism by copying real objects, and even used photography. Modern animators consider his legacy valuable.

Emil Kohl

One more thing bright name in the history of animation is associated with Russia. In 1912 he created the first puppet cartoon called “Beautiful Lyukanida, or the war of stags and barbels.” This figure became famous for his love of insects. He made a lot of films dedicated to them, and they looked very natural on the screen. Vladislav Starevich is a subtle psychologist and talented artist. He cared not only about the visual side of cartoons, but also filled them with deep meaning.

Vladislav Starevich

If in Europe the filming took place in an almost artisanal way, then in America everything was much better with the technical base. Here he appeared, who in 1929 shot his first hand-drawn cartoon with musical accompaniment, “Dance of the Skeletons.” Disney is considered to be the father of animation; his work deserves a separate story, because he alone received 30 times. His experience is still used as a basis today.

Subsequently, cinematographers introduced another interesting technology - the combination of live actors and cartoon characters.

Dedicated to International Animation Day!

Can't you and your children imagine life without cartoons? But just 100 years ago, kids didn’t even know what it was. Animation, although it appeared in the 19th century, began with very adult plots. And the first cartoons for children were made by the father of animation, Walt Disney himself. And in general, there is so much in the history of these “first” cartoons.

So we decided to tell you about them. The first color, the first plasticine, the first full-length cartoons - what were they like? We have already told you about many of these paintings in. But the topic is so vast that you can return to it and return, simply changing your point of view. So let's take a look at the pioneers in the world of animation from 1898 to the present day!

The first cartoon in the world

The first cartoon in the world is considered to be “The Humpty Dumpty Circus”, which was shown to a small circle of viewers in 1898. Its creators are John Stewart Blackton and Albert E. Smith. This cartoon was a puppet cartoon and used wooden toys. It was filmed in the simplest way: frame - rearrangement of toys - new frame.

Things that moved across the screen “on their own” were then a real miracle, capturing the imagination of inexperienced viewers. Let us remember that “Arrival of a Train” by the Lumiere brothers was released only 2 years earlier. Unfortunately, the recording of the cartoon “Circus of Lilliputians” has not survived to this day, only a photograph of the scenery.

The first cartoon drawn

In 1900, the same Blackton presented viewers with a two-minute video “Enchanted Drawing.” It’s hard to say whether it’s considered a cartoon or not. On the screen we see a man drawing a portrait. But the facial expression of the portrait changes independently by stitching together frames. In 1906, Blackton made another similar cartoon, Comic Phases of Funny Faces. But these cartoons had neither a hero nor a plot.

Source: Maxim Ikhsanov

Therefore, the first full-fledged cartoon is still considered “Phantasmagoria” by the French inventor Emile Cohl. This cartoon was shown in cinemas in 1908, it already had minimal plot development and its own hero, based on whose actions one can form an opinion about the character. The two-minute film made an impression on the audience, and the animation began its long journey.

Source: classiccartoon

“Beautiful Lyukanida, or the War of the Horned Men with the Barbels” was created by Vladislav Starevich in 1912. By the way, this is also the first animated satire! Starevich made his cartoon a parody of the dominance of pseudo-historical stories from aristocratic life in the cinema of that time.

At the center of the plot - love triangle, against the backdrop of which the same battle between stags and barbels takes place. The beetles' legs and arms were made of wire and attached to the bodies with wax. By the way, not everyone understood that beetles are not alive. Many newspapers admired the hard work of the “bug” trainer.

The first plasticine cartoon

Around the same time, the first plasticine cartoons were created; the American Willis H. O’Brien worked on them. It’s difficult to name the first plasticine cartoon, but the most famous work O'Brien's film "10,000 BC" e", published in 1916. This is a story about a treacherous postman who, deciding to discredit his competitor, forged a message to a girl. And instead of declarations of love, she received insults. The opponent, having learned about this, brutally punishes the offender with the help of a dinosaur (guess how). Excellent work, but, unfortunately, plasticine animation was much more expensive than hand-drawn animation, and therefore its development stopped right up until the 50s.

First full-length cartoon

The first “big” cartoon was created in 1917 in Argentina, directed by Quirino Cristiani. It was also not for children; animation was then a way to amuse an adult audience. The cartoon "Apostle" was satirical story about the President of Argentina, who went to heaven, wanted to save the city from immorality, but instead destroyed it. The cartoon ran for 69 minutes at a speed of 14 frames per second. Cristiani filmed on the roof of his house, using building models and the relocation method in his work. It’s a shame that the only copy of the film burned in a fire almost 100 years ago. By the way, Cristiani is also responsible for the first sound full-length cartoon “Peludopolis” from 1931, which also has not survived.

Disney's first cartoon

Walt Disney's black-and-white silent film Alice in the Sea can be called the studio's first animated film. It featured a combination of the actress’s performance and drawn inserts. Alice on the Sea was released in March 1924, six months after the studio itself opened. And Mickey the mouse will appear at Disney only 4 years later in the short film “Airplane Crazy.”

The first sound cartoon

Disney's Steamboat Willie (1928) was the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound. Before this, music and sometimes sounds were added to cartoons, but practically speaking the characters... Walt Disney was the pioneer here. By the way, the first sound film (“The Jazz Singer”) was created just a year earlier!

Source: Cinemania Y.T.

The first full-length puppet cartoon

In 1931, “Reinecke the Fox” by Vladislav Starevich, already known to us, was released. It was black and white, silent, but was later dubbed into German (1937) and French (1941). The film ran for 65 minutes and told several stories about the sly fox. For example, the familiar “Catch, fish, big and small!” The cartoon is still considered a classic of puppet animation. Look, it's really impressive.

Source: slonique

First color cartoon

The first color cartoon was released, of course, at the Disney studio. The cartoon “Flowers and Trees” appeared in the cinema in 1932, it was shown before the film “Strange Break”. The cartoon became the first Oscar winner in the short cartoon category, striking the Academy with its brightness and novelty. It was originally shot in black and white, but Walt Disney, having discovered the possibilities of the three-color Technicolor process, ordered the cartoon to be reshot in color. And for good reason. And the first color film was released only in 1934. So viewers were introduced to bright animation earlier than color cinema.

Source: kids life show

The first cartoon of the Soyuzmultfilm studio

Once upon a time, “Soyuzmultfilm” was also called “Soyuzdetmultfilm”. And in 1936, the studio’s first cartoon was released, “It’s Hot in Africa.” Short cartoon about how in Africa animals are languishing from the heat and want ice cream. The style of the cartoon is reminiscent of Disney of that time, which is not surprising. Then this was the only example of how to make children's cartoons.

The first feature-length cartoon to win an Oscar

Well, you know... Of course, Walt Disney left the stage with the treasured statuette in 1937. More precisely, with one large figurine and seven small ones, since the cartoon won the award. This cartoon was a landmark for the development of animation - color, sound, plot, full-length... Previously, all these things were not combined in one picture. So the Oscar is for “innovation and outstanding achievements in the field of animation" was well deserved!

Source: Tekusa.ru

First television animated series

In 1950, the animated series “Crusader Rabbit” appeared on television. This was the first animated series created specifically for television. It was shown on the channels of the American television network DuMont. The episodes lasted only 5 minutes, but there were as many as 455 of them!

The first episodes, published from 50 to 52, were black and white, then the series began to be colored. Cartoon told short stories about a crusader rabbit who befriends a good-natured tiger. The rabbit constantly collides with other animals on the way and gets into various funny situations.