List of Udmurt tales about animals, fairy tales, realistic tales. Udmurt folk tales Udmurt folk tales in Russian

UDMURTS- these are the people in Russia, indigenous people Udmurtia (476 thousand people). Udmurts also live in Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Perm, Kirov, Sverdlovsk regions. The total number of Udmurts in Russia is 676 thousand people. 70% of Udmurts consider their national language to be their native language. The Udmurt language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language group. The Udmurt language has several dialects - northern, southern, Besermyansky and middle dialects. Writing Udmurt language created on the basis of the Cyrillic alphabet. Most Udmurt believers are Orthodox, but a significant part adheres to traditional beliefs. The religious views of the Udmurts living among the Tatars and Bashkirs were influenced by Islam.

The past of the Udmurts dates back to the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Iron Age of the 1st millennium AD. The territory of modern Udmurtia has long been inhabited by tribes of Udmurts or “Votyaks” (3-4 centuries AD). In the 10th-12th centuries, the Udmurts were under the economic and cultural influence of the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. In the 13th century, the territory of Udmurtia was conquered by the Mongol-Tatars.

In 1489, the northern Udmurts became part of the Russian state. In Russian sources, the Udmurts have been mentioned since the 14th century as Ars, Aryans, Votyaks; Southern Udmurts experienced Tatar influence, because until 1552 they were part of the Kazan Khanate. By 1558, the Udmurts completely became part of the Russian state. The Udmurts were first mentioned under their own name in 1770 in the work of the scientist N.P. Rychkova.

The traditional occupation of the Udmurts was agriculture and animal husbandry. Hunting, fishing, and beekeeping were of an auxiliary nature. Udmurt villages were located along the banks of rivers and were small - a few dozen households. The decoration of the home included many decorative woven items. Udmurt clothing was made from canvas, cloth and sheepskin. In clothing, two options stood out - northern and southern. Shoes were wicker bast shoes, boots or felt boots. There were numerous decorations made of beads, beads, and coins. Traditional housing The Udmurts had a log hut with a cold entryway under a gable roof. The diet of the Udmurts was dominated by agricultural and livestock products.

IN public life In villages, a large role was played by the neighborhood-type community, headed by a council - the kenesh. For a long time, the clan divisions of the Udmurts, the Vorshuds, survived.

The religion of the Udmurts was characterized by a numerous pantheon of deities and spirits, among them Inmar - the god of the sky, Kaldysin - the god of the earth, Shundy-mumm - Mother of the sun, there were about 40 of them in total. Many ritual actions were associated with economic activities: gery potton - the festival of taking out plow, howl beetle - ritual eating of porridge from grain of the new harvest. Since the 19th century, many holidays began to coincide with the dates of the Christian calendar - Christmas, Easter, Trinity. Udmurts often had two names - a pagan one, given when they were named a midwife, and a Christian one, received at baptism.

Leading place in applied arts occupied by embroidery, patterned weaving, patterned knitting, wood carving, weaving, stamping on birch bark. Singing and dancing, accompanied by playing the harp and pipes, were widely developed among the Udmurts.

In the 18th century, the largest Udmurt factories were built in Udmurtia - Izhevsk and Votkinsk, which, in a transformed form, have retained their significance to this day. The region has turned into a major industrial center of Russia. Highest value received metallurgy, mechanical engineering and weapons production.

Regional and ethnocultural directions in the activities of educational organizations.

Vyzhykyl (fairy tale) is an epic oral work, predominantly of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature, with a fictional focus. The nature of the story is always entertaining. It is precisely the entertaining nature and focus on fiction that distinguishes the fairy tale from other narrative genres of folklore.

The Udmurt fairy tale repertoire is rich and varied.As in the folklore of other peoples, the Udmurts have fairy tales: about animals, social and everyday or novelistic, and magical.

We now call fairy tales what for the first listeners were lessons in hunting and natural history, which taught us to respect the power of the bear, calling him “master of the forest” and even worshiping him in order to appease him and win him over. On occasion, however, he can be deceived: he is strong, but simple-minded. The wolf is weaker than the bear, but more impudent and stupid. In addition, he is always hungry, or rather, insatiable. The wolf is so stupid that even such harmless animals as a hare or a kid can outwit him. The long-tailed fox Vassa in the Udmurt fairy tale is cunning, as in the fairy tales of other peoples, flattering with the strong and arrogant with the weak, but she is also stupid. A rooster, a dove, a cat easily defeat her. Over time, these fairy tales ceased to be lessons in natural history: humanity has stepped far forward towards true knowledge. And fairy tales remained fairy tales.The main ones in the mythology of the Udmurts were Inmar, who lives in the sky and gives light and warmth, and Kyldysin, the patron of the earth, who gives people bread and food. There were also many other deities. In the water, the master was Vumurt (water), Vukuzyo (master of water), Vuperi (spirit of water).

Fairy talesyounger than animal fairy tales. They contain what has been achieved by man, andThat,which seemed unrealistic for now. In other words, fairy tales capture the people’s dream of an omnipotent, omnipotent man living on earth and conquering time, space, fire, and water. He managed this with the help of magical means obtained through labor and kindness.

The world of the Udmurt fairy tale amazes with its ordinariness and fantasy. Her heroes experienced hunger and cold, injustice and deception. Struggling with need and untruth, they perform miracles: they climb into the sky, descend underground, do not burn in fire, do not drown in water. Thanks to wonderful items and helpers, they defeat the strongest opponents. These tales reflect one of the first stages of man's struggle with evil forces nature, the victory of the tireless seeker and worker over them, the wealth of the soul and his moral beauty.

The hero of an Udmurt fairy tale is neither a king nor a prince, neither a king nor a prince. Most often it’s just Ivan or Poor Ivan. Sometimes it is a nameless soldier who has served the Tsar for a long time as a soldier and remains an orphan in this world: not a stake, not a yard, not a penny for a rainy day. And this is what is characteristic: the disadvantaged hero is not embittered, not bitter, but on the contrary, his heart is kind and sympathetic, his mind is bright and clear, his hands are dexterous and skillful. Such a hero confronts enemies strong and powerful. Yes, he not only fights, but also wins, as, for example, in the fairy tales “Poor Ivan”, “Gundyrinmar and Prok the Headman”).Some Udmurt fairy tales reflected traces of a long-past matriarchy. The Udmurt fairy tale knows the image strong women, whom male heroes cannot defeat in competitions. In the fairy tale “Museum and Marsalim”, the image of the daughter of the Fire King reflects that era, when a woman had great strength and unlimited power in society.

The youngest of all fairy tales in science are consideredrealistic, or everyday . When man was completely dependent on nature, when on his success in hunting or fishing depended on his immediate future; legends, myths, tales about animals served him as a living book of life, they reflected his experience. The experience was replenished, and the oral book about it was replenished. In a fairy tale ancient man He begins not only to share his life experiences, but also to dream about such helpers, objects, such a skill that could make him many times stronger and more powerful. But how far it was still from the dream - self-propelled bast shoes - to airplanes! From the self-cutting ax to the Druzhba electric saw! The dream remained a dream for a long time, a very long time.

The themes of everyday fairy tales are exceptionally diverse. You can find an example for literally all occasions in Udmurt everyday tales. Among them there are fairy tales on favorite themes, and they have their own favorite heroes. Thus, in most fairy tales the themes of the hero’s marriage, happiness, and fate vary.

Tales about the clever Aldar Ivan or Aldaragai are especially popular among the Udmurt people.This is certainly a poor, but smart man. IN lately he was somewhat displaced by LopshoPedun. Interesting story is happening before our eyes with this amazing hero. He was born modest and moderately active, not with Soviet power, and long before the revolution, somewhere within present-day Udmurtia.

How to make training more effective? What methods and means can be used to maintain interest in learning? Everyone knows that using game moments and lessons in game form, especially in primary school, are a necessary means of activating the cognitive activity of students. Particularly interesting are the lesson-excursion, lesson-travel, lesson-play, lesson-fairy tale. They make learning accessible and help increase children’s activity. Today I will tell you about the use Udmurt fairy tales in class literary reading V elementary school. Skillful use of fairy tale texts allows you to make the lesson brighter, more meaningful, and more interesting. Completing “fairytale” tasks will help the formation educational motivation, team building, ability to work in a team. There are many ways to use fairy tales. Here are some of them. If you need to do a lot of monotonous exercises, you need to include them in the game shell in which they are performed to achieve the game goal. In such cases, I use the following techniques:

The “Attractive Goal” technique. Children can be given a goal - to help Lapshopedun restore his good name.

- “Magic wand” - a pen (pencil) is passed around the class in random order. The transmission is accompanied by speech according to some predetermined order-rule. For example, the transmitter names the name of a fairy tale, short story, story - one of the characters in this work;

Reception "Fabulous" puzzles." Puzzles are aimed at creating a creative and largely playful environment. Children can be offered the following tasks: -retelling this episode the fairy tale shown in the picture; -description of the character; - writing your own continuation of the fairy tale;

Technique “Familiar heroes in new circumstances” Circumstances can be purely fantastic, incredible (animals live on flying saucers), or they can be close to the lives of children (with the help of a magic wand they ended up in the same cage of a city zoo);

Children love to travel. Therefore, the “Travel with a Fairytale Hero” technique will not let your child get bored in class. Let's hit the road. On the way we will encounter various obstacles. To overcome them, you need to be brave, fast, smart, and attentive. Such lessons contribute to the development of interest in the subject, attention and empathy literary heroes. IN modern conditions It is advisable to use computer technologies to enhance the cognitive activity of students in lessons and outside of school hours.

In class extracurricular reading after getting acquainted with Udmurt fairy tales and fairy-tale characters the guys draw illustrations for fairy tales.

Department of Public Education of the Administration of Karakulinsky District

"Journey into the world of fairy tales of the Udmurt people

in extracurricular reading lessons"

Work performed by: S.A. Kiryanova

teacher primary classes

2015

Yeskina Sofia

The presentation is visual material for the elective "Literature of Udmurtia"

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Udmurt folk tales.

Udmurtia Udmurtia (Udmurt Republic) is located in Russia, located in the western part of the Middle Urals, between the Kama and Vyatka rivers. Area 42.1 thousand km². Population 1.627 million people. The capital of Udmurtia is the city of Izhevsk. Formed in 1920 as the Votsk Autonomous Region. In 1934 it was transformed into the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Since 1990 - Republic of Udmurtia.

Udmurtia, and in particular Izhevsk, are known in the world as a forge of army, hunting and sporting weapons. Exhibitions on the history of Izhevsk weapons and military history The region is an object of constant interest for Russian and foreign tourists of all ages.

Udmurts Udmurts are a people in Russia, the indigenous population of Udmurtia. Udmurts also live in Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Perm, Kirov, Sverdlovsk regions. 70% of Udmurts consider their national language to be their native language. The Udmurt language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language group. The Udmurt language has several dialects - northern, southern, Besermyansky and middle dialects. The writing of the Udmurt language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Most Udmurt believers are Orthodox, but a significant part adheres to traditional beliefs. The religious views of the Udmurts living among the Tatars and Bashkirs were influenced by Islam. The past of the Udmurts dates back to the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Iron Age of the 1st millennium AD. The territory of modern Udmurtia has long been inhabited by tribes of Udmurts or “Votyaks” (3-4 centuries AD). In 1489, the northern Udmurts became part of the Russian state. In Russian sources, the Udmurts have been mentioned since the 14th century as Ars, Aryans, Votyaks; Southern Udmurts experienced Tatar influence, because until 1552 they were part of the Kazan Khanate. By 1558, the Udmurts completely became part of the Russian state. Under their own name, the Udmurts were first mentioned in 1770 in the work of the scientist N.P. Rychkova. The leading place in applied art was occupied by embroidery, patterned weaving, patterned knitting, wood carving, weaving, and birch bark embossing. Singing and dancing, accompanied by playing the harp and pipes, were widely developed among the Udmurts. In the 18th century, the largest Udmurt factories were built in Udmurtia - Izhevsk and Votkinsk, which, in a transformed form, have retained their significance to this day. The region has turned into a major industrial center of Russia. Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and weapons production received the greatest importance.

The traditional occupation of the Udmurts was agriculture and animal husbandry. Hunting, fishing, and beekeeping were of an auxiliary nature. Udmurt villages were located along the banks of rivers and were small - a few dozen households. The decoration of the home included many decorative woven items. Udmurt clothing was made from canvas, cloth and sheepskin. In clothing, two options stood out - northern and southern. Shoes were wicker bast shoes, boots or felt boots. There were numerous decorations made of beads, beads, and coins. The traditional dwelling of the Udmurts was a log hut with a cold porch under a gable roof. The diet of the Udmurts was dominated by agricultural and livestock products. In the social life of the villages, a neighborhood-type community, headed by a council - kenesh, played a large role.

For a long time, the tribal divisions of the Udmurts - the Vorshuds - were preserved. The religion of the Udmurts was characterized by a numerous pantheon of deities and spirits, among them Inmar - the god of the sky, Kaldysin - the god of the earth, Shundy-mumm - Mother of the sun, there were about 40 of them in total. Many ritual actions were associated with economic activities: gery potton - the holiday of bringing out the plow, vyl zhuk - the ritual eating of porridge from the grain of the new harvest. Since the 19th century, many holidays began to coincide with the dates of the Christian calendar - Christmas, Easter, Trinity. Udmurts often had two names - a pagan one, given when they were named a midwife, and a Christian one, received at baptism.

Fairy tales Unlike other types of fairy tales, fairy tales are based on a very clear composition and plot. And also, most often, a recognizable set of certain universal “formulas” by which it is easy to recognize and distinguish. This is the standard beginning - “Once upon a time there lived in a certain kingdom in a certain state...”, or the ending “And I was there, drinking honey-beer...”, and standard question-answer formulas “Where are you going?”, “Are you torturing or you’re getting tired of it,” and others. Compositionally, a fairy tale consists of an exposition (reasons that gave rise to a problem, damage, for example, violation of some prohibition), beginning (detection of damage, shortage, loss), plot development (search for what was lost), climax (battle with evil forces) and denouement (solution, overcoming a problem, usually accompanied by an increase in the status of the hero (entrance)). In addition, in a fairy tale, characters are clearly divided into roles - hero, false hero, antagonist, giver, helper, sender, princess (or princess's father). It is not necessary that all of them are present, and each role is played by a separate character, but certain characters are clearly visible in every fairy tale. The plot of a fairy tale is based on a story about overcoming a certain lack, a loss, and in order to overcome the antagonist - the cause of the loss, the hero necessarily needs wonderful helpers. But getting such an assistant is not easy - you need to pass a test, choose the correct answer or the right way. Well, the conclusion is most often a wedding feast, the same one at which “I was there, drinking honey and beer...”, and a reward in the form of a kingdom.

Tales about animals A fairy tale about animals (animal epic) is a collection (conglomerate) of multi-genre works of fairy-tale folklore (fairy tale), in which the main characters are animals, birds, fish, as well as objects, plants and natural phenomena. In fairy tales about animals, a person either 1) plays minor role(the old man from the fairy tale “The Fox Steals Fish from the Cart (Sleigh”)), or 2) occupies a position equivalent to an animal (the man from the fairy tale “The Old Bread and Salt is Forgotten”). Possible classification of tales about animals. First of all, a fairy tale about animals is classified according to the main character (thematic classification). This classification is given in the index fairy tales world folklore, compiled by Aarne-Thompson and in the “Comparative Index of Plots. East Slavic fairy tale: Wild animals. Fox. Other wild animals. Wild and domestic animals Man and wild animals. Pets. Birds and fish. Other animals, objects, plants and natural phenomena. The next possible classification of a fairy tale about animals is a structural-semantic classification, which classifies the fairy tale according to genre. There are several genres in a fairy tale about animals. V. Ya. Propp identified such genres as: Cumulative tale about animals. Magic tale about animals Fable (apologist) Satirical tale

Everyday fairy tales Everyday fairy tales differ from fairy tales. They are based on the events of everyday life. There are no miracles or fantastic images here, they act real heroes: husband, wife, soldier, merchant, master, priest, etc. These are tales about the marriage of heroes and heroines getting married, the correction of obstinate wives, inept, lazy housewives, gentlemen and servants, about a fooled master, a rich owner, a lady deceived by a cunning owner , clever thieves, a cunning and savvy soldier, etc. These are fairy tales on family and everyday themes. They express an accusatory orientation; the self-interest of the clergy, who does not follow the sacred commandments, and the greed and envy of its representatives are condemned; cruelty, ignorance, rudeness of the bar-serfs. These tales sympathetically depict a seasoned soldier who knows how to make things and tell tales, cooks soup from an ax, and can outwit anyone. He is able to deceive the devil, the master, the stupid old woman. The servant skillfully achieves his goal, despite the absurdity of the situations. And this reveals the irony. Everyday tales are short. The plot is usually centered on one episode, the action develops quickly, there is no repetition of episodes, the events in them can be defined as absurd, funny, strange. In these tales, comedy is widely developed, which is determined by their satirical, humorous, ironic character. They are not horror, they are funny, witty, everything is focused on action and narrative features that reveal the images of the characters. “They,” wrote Belinsky, “reflect the way of life of the people, their home life, their moral concepts and this crafty Russian mind, so inclined to irony, so simple-minded in its craftiness.”1

Lapsho Pedun Lopsho Pedun is an Udmurt guy. He is a joker and a merry fellow. If you find yourself in Sundur, be his guest. Walk along the street quietly - Suddenly he will run out from behind the gate! And then you will easily be dizzy with a round dance of funny jokes. He will tell a story or a fairy tale. It's more fun in the world to live with him. Lopsho Pedun is a cheerful guy, let's be friends with him!

History of Lapsho Pedun Until recently, it was believed that Lapsho Pedun, famous character Udmurt folklore, this is just the fruit folk art. However, local historians of the Igrinsky district found out that Lopsho Pedun actually lived, he was born in the Igrinsky district. According to legend, he managed to find out the secret of life. Pedun found one of the pages of the sacred book of the Udmurts, on which it was written: “Don’t take everything to heart, look at everything cheerfully, and luck will not bypass you.” From then on, any work in his hands flourished, and he became a source of inexhaustible humor, wit, and worldly cunning. Fellow countrymen nicknamed the main Udmurt humorist and smart guy Veselchak, or in Udmurt - Lopsho. This is exactly how the legend about a man with a wide and kind soul, who knows how to support in difficult times and with apt words to protect from offenders.

He was a clever and quick-witted man who could easily outwit his greedy and stingy master, teach an ignoramus and a quitter a lesson, because he himself was a man of work. His antics remained in the memory of his fellow villagers, became part of fairy tales, became an example of humor, and humor, as we know, is a sign of the moral health of a nation. As a result, Lopsho Pedun became a favorite hero of Udmurt fairy tales. About the same as the Russians have Ivanushka, the Germans have Hans, eastern peoples- Hajja Nasreddin.

For a long time it was believed that Lopsho Pedun was a fictional character of the Udmurt epic, until in the 50s one of the first folklore expeditions of Daniil Yashin, associate professor of the department of Udmurt literature and literature of the peoples of the USSR Udmurt State University, I didn’t hear the fairy tale about Lopsho Pedun in the Udmurt village. The researcher became seriously interested in the character and since then, wherever he visited, he asked if local residents knew tales about the Udmurt joker. People told stories, and the collection of fairy tales was replenished. Later, it was published several times as a separate book, reminding readers of the need to continue the search for their happiness.

D. Yashin’s research was continued by the staff of the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore. Based on the local history material of a resident of the village of Levaya Kushya, Capitalina Arkhipovna Chirkova, they revealed the facts of the residence of the real Lopsho Pedun in the Igrinsky district and were able to compile a family tree of the Pedor Vyzhy family, the founder of which was Lopsho Pedun himself. Its history began in 1875, when a certain Fyodor Ivanovich Chirkov was born in the Igrinsky district, in the modest village of Levaya Kushya. The Udmurt version of the name "Fedor" sounds like "Pedor", and in an affectionately simplified form - "Pedun". This is what Fedora was called not only by her mother, but also by her fellow villagers. F.I. We were glad to see Chirkov at every family holiday and celebration - he played the harmonica wonderfully, was witty and kind, and knew how to have fun.

Lopsho Pedunya is loved, parodied and actively promoted as an Igrinsky brand. In the district local history museum there is a unique exhibition that cannot be found in any other museum in the world - this is a hall dedicated to Lopsho Pedun, and a theatrical program “Game in a Game with Lopsho Pedun” has also been developed (a branch of the museum is the Center of Udmurt Culture in the village of Sundur).

How did Lopsho Pedun become red? Scene one In front of Pedunya's house. Lopsho Pedun sits on a bench and plays a simple melody on a homemade pipe. Grandma looks out the window and knocks out a pillow. Dust is flying. GRANDMOTHER (sneezes). Apchhi!.. Pedun, are you still idle? At least shake out the pillows. Yesterday there was such a wind, the dust blew in - you can’t breathe... (Pedun, not listening to her, continues to play the pipe.) Look, he doesn’t even lead his ears!.. And where did you come from... Everyone is working, working, you’re the only one all day long You're doing what you're doing, blowing your whistle! LOPSHO PEDUN. I, grandma, don't blow. That is, I don’t blow... I play, grandma. Like? GRANDMOTHER. Oh, grandson, I like it or not. And who will do the work? We need to blow out the pillows. LOPSHO PEDUN. I’ll learn the melody, and then I’ll work on the pillows. They won't run away anywhere. GRANDMOTHER. They won’t run away, but you won’t be found with fire later in the day. I’d rather blow it out myself. (He starts beating the pillow furiously. The Pedun plays. Suddenly the grandmother stops and listens.) Oh, granddaughter, it seems the wind is rising again. God forbid, all the laundry will be carried away. Collect it quickly! LOPSHO PEDUN. Or maybe he won’t carry it away. I'll finish playing and collect it. (Continues to play the pipe.) GRANDMOTHER. What a slacker! I'll do everything myself! The grandmother leaves the house, collects the laundry hanging on the line, closes the windows and doors. The wind is making more and more noise, and Lopsho Pedun, not paying attention to it, continues to play. The wind subsides. Grandma appears at the window again. GRANDMOTHER. Oh you. Lord, what's going on! What kind of wind is this? And where did it come from? This has never happened before! LOPSHO PEDUN. The wind is like wind - nothing special. (Takes out a mirror and looks in it.) You better tell me, grandma, who do I look like? For dad or mom? GRANDMOTHER. You look like a slacker, I'll tell you that! You play the pipe, you look in the mirror, but you don’t want to notice what’s going on around you. LOPSHO PEDUN. What's going on? GRANDMOTHER. Are you blind, or what? An unknown grief came. The wind breaks trees, destroys houses, and drives terrible clouds towards us. And there were no birds or animals left in the forests, the fish disappeared from the rivers, the springs dried up. Cattle from the village disappear to no one knows where... LOPSHO PEDUN. How does it disappear? GRANDMOTHER. And so! Maybe someone is stealing it. Our men followed the tracks into the forest - not a single one returned. Now in all the yards there are only little ones left like you. Who will protect us from such a misfortune? IN old times there were heroes - warriors. They saved people from any trouble, but now, apparently, they have disappeared. LOPSHO PEDUN. Why did you transfer? What am I supposed to do? If I take a sword, I will defeat any enemy! GRANDMOTHER. Here, there, just to brag and much! LOPSHO PEDUN. Am I bragging? GRANDMOTHER. And then who? You probably won’t even be able to lift a sword. LOPSHO PEDUN. And you try me. GRANDMOTHER. Well, it's possible. You see, there is a stone lying by the fence. Try to pick it up. If you can overcome a stone, then you can handle a sword. LOPSHO PEDUN (looks at the stone). This one, right?.. (Tries to lift the stone, but cannot.) GRANDMOTHER. You see, you can't do it. And our heroes threw this stone into the sky like a ball. (Places a plate of pies on the windowsill.) Come on, eat, maybe you’ll gain more strength, but in the meantime I’ll go get some water. He takes the buckets and leaves. LOPSHO PEDUN (sits down on a stone). Just think, move a stone - you don’t need any brains. But in order to return peace to people, force alone will not be enough. It's not about strength, it's about head. So I’ll go into the forest and find out who’s doing all these dirty tricks. And then we'll come up with something. If you don’t have enough strength for a fight, then call on your ingenuity to help the prize. (Takes a backpack and puts pies in it.) Everything will come in handy on the road. (Puts a pipe and a mirror there.) And a pipe and a mirror, because it was not for nothing that my grandmother gave it to me. It seems like I’ve gotten ready, but my head, my head, is always with me. He goes and sings a song about going to the forest.

Is Lopsho Pedun a folk character or a real person? For a long time, Lopsho Pedun, the Udmurt merry fellow and joker, was considered something as mythical as the notorious Russian Ivanushka the Fool. But the research of Daniila Yashina, a researcher of Udmurt literature and folklore, showed that Lopsho Pedun was not just a character in the Udmurt epic, but also quite real person! Its history began in 1875, when a certain Fyodor Ivanovich Chirkov was born in the Igrinsky district, in the modest village of Malaya Kushya. The Udmurt version of the name “Fedor” sounds like “Pedor”, and in an affectionately simplified form it sounds like “Pedun”. This is what Fedora was called not only by her mother, but also by her fellow villagers, who were not a stranger to chatting and drinking with the cheerful Pedun. Chirkov was seen at every family holiday and celebration - he played the harmonica wonderfully, was witty and kind, and knew how to have fun. Legend says that one day Pedun found a birch bark letter with an inscription in which unknown author advised him to live cheerfully, trust in luck and in no case be sad over trifles. Pedun decided to follow the advice, and followed it so well that soon his fellow countrymen nicknamed the main Udmurd humorist and clever guy “Veselchak”, in Udmurt - “Lopsho”. This is exactly how the legend was born about a man with a broad and kind soul, who knows how to support in difficult times and with a well-aimed word to protect from offenders. www.genro.ru based on materials from udmpravda.ru

Udmurts are a people in Russia, the indigenous population of Udmurtia. Udmurts also live in Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Perm, Kirov, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. The traditional occupation of the Udmurts was agriculture and animal husbandry, they were engaged in hunting, fishing and beekeeping. Udmurt villages were located along the banks of rivers and were small - a few dozen households. The traditional dwelling of the Udmurts was a log hut with a cold porch under a gable roof. The decoration of the home included many decorative woven items. Udmurt clothing was made from canvas, cloth and sheepskin. There were numerous decorations made of beads, beads, and coins.

Folk tales tell about fictitious events, but are connected with the history and life of the people. Like the fairy tales of other peoples, there are Udmurt fairy tales about animals, magical, heroic, and everyday ones.