Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian poet, the main theme of whose work will be the theme of the people. Already in “Elegy” N.A. Nekrasov will say: “I dedicated the lyre to my people.” However, the poet approaches the topic of the people differently; he expresses the ideals of democracy in his work. Yes, Nekrasov sympathizes with the oppressed people, but does not idealize them, and even accuses them of submission. The poet is trying to find the folk way fortunately. This is what it becomes main problem in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” where the hero is the entire numerous “peasant kingdom,” which was previously unknown in Russian literature.
However, in the poem folk theme develops and rises to the theme of searching for a “people's protector.” It is heroes who are able to lead others who are needed in order to find happiness for everyone. Such characters N.A. Nekrasov drew in the images of Yakim Nagogo, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin and, of course, Grisha Dobrosklonov.
Yakim Nagoy is a people's lover of truth, he is a beggar, like all peasants, but there is rebellion in him, an unwillingness to put up with injustice. This hero is able to defend his rights.
Another image is Ermila Girin. He is a favorite of the people, who speak of him like this:
...he will advise
And he will make inquiries;
Where there is enough strength, it will help out,
Doesn't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, he won’t take it!
Ermila Girin is not without sin: he fraudulently exempts his younger brother from military service, from being a soldier, but the people forgive him because they see true repentance. The hero has a heightened sense of conscience, he cannot find peace and judges himself very strictly: he leaves the mayor, hires a mill, and strives to make the situation of the peasants easier. But, despite his compassion and mercy for the people, he is not ready for a revolutionary action; it is enough for the hero that he is not guilty of anyone.
N.A. Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” shows us another type of Russian peasant, a “people's defender.” This is the image of Savely - “the hero of the Holy Russian”. It's already working. Despite the fact that he was sent to hard labor, he did not accept his fate: “branded, but not a slave.” This hero is a guide and bearer of such best character traits of the Russian people as justice, self-esteem, love for the homeland and people, hatred of their oppressors. Savely is a person who knows how, if necessary, to rally his comrades and captivate them with an idea. People like him will definitely take part, if necessary, in peasant riots and unrest.
A man who knows their needs is ready to devote his whole life to the struggle of the people. This is Grisha Dobrosklonov - the most conscious “people's defender”. It is for someone like Dobrosklonov, according to N.A. Nekrasov, the future of Russia. It is not for nothing that fate prepared for the hero “a glorious path, a great name for the people’s intercessor, consumption and Siberia.” The poet expressed the life goals and ideals of this hero in the songs that Grisha sings. They are truly revolutionary; they already contain the idea of liberating the people from slavery. The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is an example of the fact that only those who choose for themselves the path of honor and truth can truly be happy.
Thus, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by N.A. Nekrasov shows that the answer to the question of how to find happiness can be given by people who have the strength to lead the masses. Yakim Nagoy, Ermila Girin, Savely are characters who see injustice towards the peasant, all the pain of the peasant, but are not ready to go against fate, while Grisha Dobrosklonov is a new type of Russian person, in my opinion, the embodiment of the author's ideal. Such a hero is capable of “sowing the reasonable, the good, the eternal.” He is the real “people's defender”!
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person in Nekrasov’s time. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author still makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.
Readers first meet Grisha in the chapter “ Good time- good songs,” during the feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of national happiness. His father, the parish clerk, is loved by the people - it’s not for nothing that he is invited to the peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as “simple guys, kind”; along with the peasants, they mow and “drink vodka on holidays.” So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his entire life with the people.
Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant.”
Even the cat and dog chose to run away from the family, unable to bear the hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has an “easy disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, his sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts about his children, but he forgot to think about whether they were full.
Things are no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the “economy grabber.” That is why Grisha has an “emaciated” face - sometimes from hunger he cannot sleep until the morning, he is still waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader’s attention on precisely this feature of Grisha’s appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could be a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for free and happy life, but for now living in a completely different way.
Since childhood, Grisha has been familiar first-hand with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather strengthens the hero. From the age of fifteen it matures firm belief: you need to live solely for the good of your people, no matter how poor and wretched they may be. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, the caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short life because of her labors...
The image of Grisha’s mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman dearly loved by Nekrasov, resigned, unrequited, and at the same time carrying within herself a huge gift of love. Grisha, her “beloved son,” did not forget his mother after her death; moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachina. The last maternal gift is the song “Salty”, testifying to the depth mother's love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He hums it in the seminary, where it is “gloomy, strict, hungry.”
And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally deprived.
Note that songs are very important for characterizing Grisha in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by Nekrasov. They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the hero’s ideas and aspirations, and his main life priorities are clearly visible.
The first of the songs sounding from Grisha’s lips conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It is clear that he perfectly understands all the problems that were tearing the country apart: slavery, ignorance and shame of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify even the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for home country. And at the same time, the song sounds hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!”...
Grisha's next song - about a barge hauler - enhances the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly acquired pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies the hero moves on to the depiction of “all mysterious Rus'” - this is how the song “Rus” is born. This is complete sincere love the anthem of his country, in which one can hear faith in the future: “The army is rising - innumerable.” However, someone is needed to become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.
There are two paths, Grisha believes, one of them is wide, rough, but along it is a crowd greedy for temptations. There goes eternal struggle for “perishable blessings”. It is along it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are initially directed. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, “tight but honest.” Only strong and loving souls follow this path, wanting to intercede for the offended. Among them is the future people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing “a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia.” This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, this is the only way - in unity with all the people - and one can become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” within himself. At home, his delight is confirmed and shared by his brother, who speaks of Grisha’s song as “divine” - i.e. finally admitting that the truth is on his side.
Work test
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The populists, who preached revolutionary ideas, placed all their hopes on the peasantry. For the purpose of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of intelligentsia among the people began. However, “going to the people” was not successful. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the populists. The question of how to introduce revolutionary consciousness into the masses and direct them to the path of active struggle is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist community at that time, there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author also joins this debate. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a living connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when “going to the people” failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a sexton who lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant” and an “unrequited farmhand” who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined life path Gregory.
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobroklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the “offended” and “humiliated”. He wants to be the first there, “...where it’s hard to breathe, where grief is heard.” He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasovsky revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that... every peasant can live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'!”
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the “honest” path. Like all revolutionaries,
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to fight.
The army is rising
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect Gregory’s words have on the Vakhlak peasants and the seven wanderers, how they infect them with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov is the future leader of the peasantry, an exponent of their anger and reason. His path is difficult, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” embark on it; true happiness awaits a person on it, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, lies in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who can live well in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
If only our wanderers could be under their own roof,
If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.
He heard the immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to bridge the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are still only on the way to a “feast for the whole world.”
At the time when the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created, times were not entirely simple for the country. Nekrasov wanted to highlight people's intercessors who could represent the interests of the peasants. In the poem, the intercessors of the people are Ermil Girin, Savely, Grisha Dobrosklonov, and to some extent Yakim Nag possessed these qualities. The People's Defender sympathizes with the peasants and tries in every possible way to help the people in action.
Yermil Girin can rightfully be considered a people's defender, he is very honest and brave man. Nekrasov invested many good human qualities in Girin. Yermil is a true people's defender, who proves by his actions and deeds that he is worthy to claim this role.
When Ermil Girin wanted to help the peasants defend the mill, which was important to everyone, he was able to do it. The only thing he didn’t have at that moment was money to pay for it, and asked the peasants for help. The peasants were able to collect the required amount for him and were ready to sacrifice their last pennies, because they sincerely believed in Yermil’s good intentions. When Girin had money, he distributed his debts to everyone, and when he had extra money left and he still couldn’t find out from the people whose it was, he didn’t take it for himself, but gave it to the blind.
Yermil Girin was very an honest man and that is why he earned the recognition of the people. People could always turn to Girin for advice and receive practical advice. The only time he sinned, and he had to suffer for a long time from remorse, which almost drove him to suicide. He saved his brother from the army and another person had to go there, but Girin repented in time to the people and corrected the mistake. It was important for Girin that people trusted him, and he really liked helping people.
Grisha Dobrosklonov was also a people's defender, and he liked to help people. Dobrosklonov did everything possible to somehow make life easier for the peasants. The young guy wants to go to study in Moscow, and while he is in the village, he helps the peasants in every possible way to interpret the laws for the peasants. Dobrosklonov and his brother help the peasants understand the new laws and not miss anything. Dobroskolonov is a revolutionary propagandist and tries in every possible way to be an example for others.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov wanted to show the reader with his poem that at all times there were people who could lead uprisings against injustice. Grisha Dobrosklonov and Ermil Girin did a wonderful job, for which they received human recognition in return.
Essay People's Intercessors Girin and Dobrosklonov
One of the most honorable places in the series of everything created by A.N. Nekrasov, belongs to the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”. During the period of time when the work was created, Russian Empire was going through difficult times. A protest was brewing in the socio-political life of the state, and the boiling point was rising. The progressive movement, represented by the best representatives of the intelligentsia, supported everything that was most progressive. The “populists” movement was among them.
The fate of the people worried the leading people of that generation. It is not enough for public defenders to simply feel sorry for and sympathize with the disadvantaged. Good deeds and selfless actions confirm their worldview.
The plot of the work describes a journey peasant men. Seven seekers of truth set out on a long journey across native land. Their goal was to find out for sure whether there was somewhere on their native side happy people and what they look like.
Wandering around the world, fellow travelers discovered defenders common people represented by Ermil Girin and Grisha Dobrosklonov. The writer invested the best in these brave and selfless people. human qualities. Standing up for ordinary people, Girin managed to protect the mill from sale. This act of his saved many peasants from starvation. Having won the auction, Yermil could not raise the necessary amount to pay off the pledge. And then ordinary peasants came to his aid. They collected the entire amount, collecting it penny by penny. One single ruble, which did not find its use, was given to the blind. By this act, Girin confirms his honesty, decency and complete selflessness. He helped people without pursuing any personal goal.
There was an incident in Yermil’s life when he sinned against his conscience. Then he helped his brother avoid military service. Instead of his brother, another man was chosen as a soldier. And only sincere repentance lifted this burden from Girin’s soul.
One of the young guardians for the people is Grisha Dobrosklonov. From his youth, he set himself the goal of protecting his people. He has a high goal - to get a decent education in the capital. In the meantime, he lives at home, helping the neighboring men completely disinterestedly. Someone must explain to the illiterate, homespun peasants the essence of the laws and regulations that gave them freedom from serfdom.
This, according to Nekrasov, is what people’s intercessors should be. They must become freedom fighters, propagandists among the people. Their destiny is to bring to the people all the most advanced and progressive things.
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In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, wanderers are looking for the happy. Behind the search for them lies the complex theme of national happiness.
The images of people's intercessors in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are represented by several characters. The author presents each of them in his own way, but they are all close and understandable to the poet. He relies on them, he trusts the Russian land to them.
Yakim Nagoy
The worker, the peasant Yakim is one of those on whom the author hopes. Yakim can become an intercessor of the common people, leading Rus' to happiness and prosperity. The man has become one with the earth with all his soul. Outwardly, he became similar to her: wrinkles like cracks in dried soil, his neck like a layer cut off by a plow, his hair like sand, the skin of his hands like tree bark. The tiller himself is a lump of earth on a plow. The author's comparison is significant. The man is not just black and hard, like the work of a plowman. The earth gives bread and feeds people. Yakim is the one with whose hands the earth does this, in other words, Yakim is the soul of the earth. When creating the character, the author turned to folk art. It makes the hero similar to epic heroes, defenders of Rus'. They all work on the earth until their strength is needed. Yakima has its own fate, but it is typical for the time described. The peasant went to work in St. Petersburg. He is smart, observant and attentive. Yakim gains his experience by trying to compete with the merchant. There is courage and obstinacy in the man’s character; not everyone could dare to do this. The result is prison. Many brave men find themselves there. The author emphasizes the character's individuality. The man loves beautiful things, he saves pictures from fire. The hero's spirituality is also emphasized by the choice of his companion. She also protects not money, but icons from fire. Purity of thoughts and hope for justice are the basis of the Yakima Nagogo family.
Nekrasov is amazingly talented: he ends the story about Yakima with a song about freedom. The great Volga River is a symbol of the breadth and power of the people, the power of men is inexhaustible, it cannot be hidden or stopped. It will burst out like a river flow.
Ermil Girin
Nekrasov shows that among the people there appear leaders, leaders who are trusted. If they raise the people, they will follow them. Yermil is young, but the men trust him. They prove their boundless devotion when they give him their last penny. The poet reveals in one episode the whole essence of the Russian person. He has no desire for wealth by any means; he strives to get everything honestly and deservedly. The man is open to communication, he shares his troubles, and is not afraid to be ridiculed. The strength of the Russian people is in unity. How did a young guy become smart? The author suggests: he served as a clerk. I delved into every story and valued every penny. Yermil helped free of charge, realizing that the poor and disadvantaged peasants had no extra money. Fate gives the man power. He does not pass the test, commits a sin and repents. Then he cannot use the gifts of fate. Girin rents a mill. But even here his character does not change. For the miller, everyone is equal: the poor and the rich. Life at that time does not give Yermil the opportunity to become happy alone when everyone around him is in poverty. He does not go against the rebels and ends up in hard labor. This is how the fate of many people's intercessors ends.
Old Man Savely
The Russian land endowed the peasants with strength. They live long, but not easily. The earth is stingy for happy moments. Serfdom hard and cruel. Savely came from places where there was less serfdom, in the very depths of the Russian land. He lives among nature, which raises him to be free and strong. Savely is as strong as a bear or elk. He takes knowledge and health from nature. The forest gives him spirit and special qualities, for this the man truly loves the forest, in a way that not many people can. The man could not see through the German manager’s cunning, but did not tolerate his bullying. Savely's rebellion is sharp, like the swing of a hero's sword. With his shoulder he pushes the German into the well, and the peasants bury him alive. The result of the rebellion was hard labor and settlements. Savely gains wisdom and becomes a person who can explain complex concepts. His speech is an example of the Russian word. “Branded, but not a slave!” - the basis of the character of the people's intercessor. Savely was not broken, he returned home, but his relatives only valued money in life. The fate of the peasant is an example of how difficult it is for intercessors among people who have given up and lost (or have not found) real goals in life. Savely - symbolizes the hitherto hidden power of the people, their intelligence and wisdom.
Grigory Dobrosklonov
In Nekrasov's poem, the image of Grisha is special. The author trusts him with the future of the country. He must become a real protector of the people. The hero grew up in the family of a clerk. In this you can see the strong Orthodoxy of the country. The mother plays a big role in character development. This is the feminine principle of the Russian soul, kindness and responsiveness. Grisha understood what he needed to strive for already in his youth. Then he just moves towards his goal. The young defender is ready to give his life for the people's happiness. The poet shows him in such a way that it becomes clear that Gregory will achieve his goal. It is interesting that the young man conveys thoughts about patriotism and struggle through songs. He raises the spirit of the people, explains problems and leads to their solution. Someone doesn't hear Gregory's singing. Others don't think about the words. The poet hopes that there are those who will support Gregory and go with him.
