Oblomov is a rare person and why. Is Oblomov a good person? (Goncharov I. A.). Extracts, their systematization

The main character famous novel I. Goncharov under the name “Oblomov” is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. This is a man “about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes.” He, “a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for twelve years without a break.”

The main character makes me feel regret, pity and contempt. His incredible state of laziness simply amazes me. Where have you seen this, to lie on the couch day after day, not get up and at the same time not feel any discomfort. Ilya Ilyich states that this is his favorite activity, which he likes. And he intends to spend his whole life on this.

I'm sure that if he wanted to change his life, he would do it. But Oblomov does not show the slightest persistence throughout the novel. Even before Stolz, he justifies himself, assuring that there was no fire in his life. Therefore, he takes care of himself and protects his soul from all this. He has no emotions, and the hero muffles fleeting manifestations of feelings in every possible way.

Oblomov simply despises society and high society. He constantly calls them names, calling them dead, sleeping people who are even worse than him, as it seems to him. Maybe there is some truth in his words, but not everyone is like that. Among them, of course, there are some successful and bright personalities, which stand out from the gray mass and are not influenced by public opinion. Oblomov considers himself above this and does not want to communicate with them. He avoids everything connected with them in every possible way. It's better for him to lie down on the sofa.

The hero believes that the sofa is best place for his important affairs. He likes to make notes about how he will improve his life and live with his children and wife. Dreaming is common to each of us, and there is definitely nothing wrong with that. The bad thing is in this case only that the main character did not take the slightest step forward to make all his dreams come true. He simply did not have enough fortitude to overcome this obstacle called “laziness” on the way to his goal.

Just as ostriches hide their heads in the sand, so Oblomov always retreated into his own world, which he skillfully invented. This is some kind of attempt to escape, to hide from real world, and it testifies that Ilya Ilyich is simply a coward with a weak character. Even his feelings for Olga could not overcome the “Oblomov” traits in him, so he pushed her away from him.

In addition to contempt, the main character evokes a feeling of pity. He is, in fact, very kind person who has a big and pure heart. He just didn’t have the courage to overcome his fears, and he couldn’t experience all the delights of life. For him, only food and “doing nothing” were important.

I hope that after reading this novel everyone will take away for themselves important lesson and will enjoy life, not be lazy and fulfill your dreams.

In Russian literature the second half of the 19th century centuries you can find a lot interesting characters. But, it seems to me, the most colorful and controversial is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the main character of the novel of the same name by I. A. Goncharov. “How many people - so many opinions” - says folk wisdom. Everyone can evaluate Ilya Ilyich in accordance with their feelings. I think Oblomov is a good person.

This opinion was formed after assessing the relationship main character with other characters in the novel. Oblomov cannot be imagined outside the sofa. The essence of Ilya Ilyich is clearly manifested in the house where he lives with his old servant.

The main character treats Zakhar well and in a friendly manner, whom he has known since childhood. Sometimes he makes “pathetic scenes”, but goes no further. Even when he notices the old man’s theft, he doesn’t focus on it. special attention. Lazy Oblomov knows that he cannot exist alone, and that is why he loves Zakhar for his patience. WITH early childhood The main character's friend is Andrei Ivanovich Stolts.

What could be interesting for the energetic and independent Stolz in Oblomov? Andrei Ivanovich appreciates Ilya Ilyich for his intelligence, simplicity, tenderness and sincerity and “pulls” the hero out of various kinds of “scrapes”. For this, Oblomov loves and respects Stolz immensely. In addition, Andrei Ivanovich introduces Ilya Ilyich to Olga Ilyinskaya.

Oblomov does not pursue low goals in his relationship with the young lady. Everything in his soul happens simply and naturally. If Oblomov’s thoughts and phrases spoken to Olga belonged to someone else, they could be considered vulgarity and pretense. But we understand the sincerity of Ilya Ilyich: “Olga realized that the word had escaped from him... and that it was the truth.”

Ilyinskaya herself, who at first only wanted to rise in her own and others’ eyes with the help of the hero, falls in love with such a meek, decent, somewhat naive man. He is truly "different". Ilya Ilyich thinks about strangers, even if it is unprofitable for him.

So that, God forbid, he does not disappoint an inexperienced girl in her feelings, he is even ready to give up his love: “In front of you is not the one you were waiting for, about whom you dreamed...” Oblomov, first of all, thinks about strangers, he is afraid that they will be disappointed in him . This is the defining line of Ilya Ilyich’s relationship with other characters in Oblomov. His house is very rarely empty.

Everyone enjoys the company of the hero. Oblomov does not refuse anyone anything: whoever needs advice, gives advice; anyone who needs something to eat will be invited to dinner. Tarantiev always takes from Ilya Ilyich everything he needs: a tailcoat... Its simplicity gives some reasons for fraud, but it seems that God himself is on the side of the hero.

Oblomov comes out of every scrape safely. They forced him to sign a “loan letter” - Stolz saved him, they sent a swindler to the estate - Stoltz saved him, his relationship with Olga didn’t work out, Stoltz didn’t help - he found Agafya Matveevna. Nothing can distract Ilya Ilyich from “peace and peaceful fun.”

Goncharov showed an intelligent, calm, decent, simple, at the same time capable of love, sincere, somewhat naive hero, for whom “lying down is a way of life.” Can a person endowed with such qualities be bad? I think not. Moreover, so wonderful hero I have never seen it in any work of literature. You might think that it's clear positive character if it exists, it will definitely be “superfluous,” but it only seems so.

Oblomov left behind a living reminder - Andryushenka. After the death of Ilya Ilyich, Agafya Matveevna thought about her aimless life. Olga was formed as a person as a result of Oblomov’s influence. It is not for nothing that both Agafya Matveevna and the Stoltsy spouses remember the already deceased hero every day. A good person, especially if he is Oblomov, cannot live without a trace.

But we see that this is not so. Therefore I believe that good man can't be superfluous.

>Works based on the work of Oblomov

Is Oblomov a good person?

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich is the main character of the most famous novel by I. Goncharov and the man who gave the name to the concept of “Oblomovism”. “Oblomov” appeared in the mid-19th century at a time when changes in the field of serfdom were already brewing in the country. Ilya Ilyich is described by the author as a typical representative of the middle-aged nobility, who grew up in such pampered and easy conditions that he subsequently could not solve a single problem in his life.

Since childhood, the hero was looked after and protected from the slightest abrasion and physical labor. That is why he grew up to be such a lazy and unadapted person, incapable of further development. Any decision was difficult for him, and he did not set goals at all, since he knew in advance that he would not be able to achieve them. This hero cannot be imagined outside the sofa. His entire life is spent away from society in voluminous dreams and aimless reflections. It is important to note that inaction is a conscious choice of the hero.

He sees no point in haste, in any socially useful activity, in friendly meetings, parties, or new acquaintances. He himself is not able to manage the property that he inherited. The servants do everything for him, and his closest servant Zakhar is as lazy as Oblomov himself. Can the main character be called a good person? In my opinion, yes and no. On the one hand, he is very kind, open and welcoming. He doesn't hold a grudge against anyone and doesn't wish it on anyone.

On the other hand, he commits the greatest evil towards himself. He deliberately does not strive for spiritual and physical development, since it is much easier to remain an unindependent, infantile child. Even having met love along the way, he quickly gives up because he understands that he is not able to change. Olga Ilyinskaya is trying with all her might to pull him out of the “bummer”, which has reliably taken possession of the hero’s soul and body, and at first she succeeds. However, over time, he again plunges into his thoughts, occupies the same sofa and constantly walks around in the same robe.

Oblomov's path is predictable. He never became a noble official, was never able to arrange his life with the woman he loved, and was unable to arrange his own life. As a result, she took on all the housework

The main character of the most famous novel by I. Goncharov and the man who gave the name to the concept of “Oblomovism”. “Oblomov” appeared in the mid-19th century at a time when changes in the field of serfdom were already brewing in the country. Ilya Ilyich is described by the author as a typical representative of the middle-aged nobility, who grew up in such pampered and easy conditions that he subsequently could not solve a single problem in his life.

Since childhood, the hero was looked after and protected from the slightest abrasion and physical labor. That is why he grew up to be such a lazy and unadapted person, incapable of further development. Any decision was difficult for him, and he did not set goals at all, since he knew in advance that he would not be able to achieve them. This hero cannot be imagined outside the sofa. His entire life is spent away from society in voluminous dreams and aimless reflections. It is important to note that inaction is a conscious choice of the hero.

He sees no point in haste, in any socially useful activity, in friendly meetings, parties, or new acquaintances. He himself is not able to manage the property that he inherited. The servants do everything for him, and his closest servant Zakhar is as lazy as Oblomov himself. Can the main character be called a good person? In my opinion, yes and no. On the one hand, he is very kind, open and welcoming. He doesn't hold a grudge against anyone and doesn't wish it on anyone.

On the other hand, he commits the greatest evil towards himself. He deliberately does not strive for spiritual and physical development, since it is much easier to remain an unindependent, infantile child. Even having met love along the way, he quickly gives up because he understands that he is not able to change. Olga Ilyinskaya is trying with all her might to pull him out of the “bummer”, which has reliably taken possession of the hero’s soul and body, and at first she succeeds. However, over time, he again plunges into his thoughts, occupies the same sofa and constantly walks around in the same robe.

Oblomov's path is predictable. He never became a noble official, was never able to arrange his life with the woman he loved, and was unable to arrange his own life. As a result, all the housework was taken over by Agafya Pshenitsyna, who became his wife. It seemed that he would live a hundred years for his decency and kindness. However, after a few years of married life, he died, bequeathing his son to the Stolts. He personally asked Stolz to take care of little Andryusha, because he understood that he and Olga, as active people, would be able to raise the boy as a worthy person.

Sections: Literature

As long as there is at least one Russian left - until then
Oblomov will be remembered.
I.S. Turgenev.

The history of the human soul is perhaps more curious
and not more useful than history a whole people.
M.Yu. Lermontov.

Among the works of I.A. Goncharov: “Frigate “Pallada”, “Cliff”, “Ordinary History” - novel “Oblomov” occupies a special place, he is the most famous. The work was written in 1859, several years before the abolition of serfdom, so the hero’s story reflects the conflict caused by the fact that the nobility ceased to be an advanced class and lost its significant place in social development. A special feature of the novel is that I. Goncharov, for the first time in Russian literature, examined a person’s life “from cradle to grave.” His life, he himself, is the main theme of the work, which is why it is called “Oblomov,” although in the history of Russian literature there are not many works named by the name of the main character. His surname belongs to the category of “speakers”, because he “ childbirth decrepit fragment”, the name Ilya reminds us epic hero, who lay on the stove until he was 33 years old, but we know that later Ilya Muromets did so many good deeds that he is still alive in people’s memory. But our hero never got up from the couch (when we meet Oblomov, he is 32–33 years old, but nothing changes in his life). In addition, the author used the technique of repeating the name and patronymic: Ilya Ilyich. This emphasizes that the son repeats the fate of his father, life goes on as usual.

As soon as I. A. Goncharov’s novel was published, Russian critics wrote its hero into the category of “superfluous” people, where Chatsky, Onegin, and Pechorin were already “listed.” The literature of the 19th century described mainly the fates of losers; obviously, there were not many of them among the nobles, it was surprising, and they wrote about it. Russian writers of the 19th century tried to understand how, despite everything being ready (at a time when the heroes of Western literature build their lives as a struggle for survival, for material well-being), Russian noble heroes turned out to be losers and at the same time were very rich people, for example, Onegin – “ heir to all his relatives" Or, in fact, “ money doesn't buy happiness"? Russian heroes and Russian works still arouse interest; foreign readers, including schoolchildren, are trying to understand them. What is interesting to our tenth graders? At the end of the year, a survey was conducted to determine which work of the books we had read seemed the most interesting. Most tenth graders named Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” and according to the program, it is studied in overview, over the course of several lessons.

What could be interesting about a couch potato? When the name Ilya Oblomov is pronounced, significant additions appear in the imagination: a sofa and a robe, which, like a slave, obeyed the movement of the body. Let's follow the author and take a closer look at the facial features of his hero. “ It was a man ... of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes that wandered carelessly along the walls, along the ceiling, with that vague thoughtfulness that shows that nothing occupies him, nothing worries him. The carelessness passed from the face into the poses of the whole body, even into the folds of the dressing gown.…Color Ilya Ilyich’s face was neither ruddy, nor dark, nor positively pale, but indifferent... If a cloud of concern came over his face from the soul, his gaze became foggy..." But in Oblomov’s entire appearance, “the soul shone openly and clearly.” This bright soul conquers the hearts of two women: Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna. The light of his soul also attracts Andrei Stolts, who, having traveled around Europe, specially comes to sit on Oblomov’s wide sofa and calm his soul in conversation with him. There has never yet been a hero in Russian literature who does not leave the couch for eleven chapters. Only the arrival of Stolz brings him to his feet.

In the first chapters, the author introduces us to Oblomov’s visitors; we see that our hero has many guests. Volkov ran in to show off his new tailcoat and his new love, he was happy about both, and it’s hard to say what more, he had a whole day full of visits, and among the visits was a visit to Oblomov. Sudbinsky, a former colleague, comes to boast about his promotion (“ I'm having lunch at the lieutenant governor's”, a quick profitable marriage. Penkin asks to go on a walk with him, because... he needs to write an article about the party, “ together We will observe, if I didn’t notice, you would tell me" Alekseev and Tarantiev – “ two Oblomov's most zealous visitors" - went to see him " drink, eat, smoke good cigars" It is no coincidence that the author describes Oblomov’s guests in the second chapter, immediately after introducing the reader to the main character and his servant. He compares the hero with his acquaintances, and it seems that the author’s sympathies are on the side of Ilya Oblomov: in his human qualities he is better than the guests, he is generous, condescending, and sincere. And the fact that he does not serve in a government agency, I.A. Goncharov explains that his hero does not need to earn his daily bread: “ he has Zakhar and three hundred more Zakharovs”.

The author finds a lot of strange and repulsive things in his hero, but for some reason it is difficult to agree with the opinion of critics that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a “superfluous” person. How can someone who is loved by everyone around him be “superfluous”? After Oblomov’s death, Olga Ilyinskaya will plant lilacs on his grave as a sign that she remembers him. The inconsolable Agafya Matveevna often comes to his grave. His son Andrei and Stolz remember him. Why did they all love Oblomov? And was there anything to love him for? The author calls the hero's soul bright. This epithet occurs again in the novel in the description of Oblomovka, where the bright river flowed. Maybe the bright river of childhood endowed his soul with warmth and radiance? What love the lines dedicated to childhood memories breathe. We see, “ how the sky presses closer to the earth, hugging it with love”, “the rain is like the tears of a suddenly joyful person.” For Oblomov himself, tears are evoked by memories of his mother. He is sensitive, kind, smart, but completely unsuited to life, he cannot manage his estate, he can easily be deceived. “Why am I like this?” – the hero himself suffers. And he finds the answer that it’s all to blame “ Oblomovism.” With this word Ilya Ilyich calls passivity, inability to manage men, inability to calculate income from the estate. The sofa and the robe are also symbols “ Oblomovism" A. Stolz speaks about this very clearly: “ Started with inability to put on stockings, but ended in inability to live.” Why did he change so much, because as a child he was just waiting for that hour when the whole village fell asleep in the afternoon sleep, and he “ was as if alone in the whole world”, “he was impatiently waiting for this moment from which his independent life " How does the hero himself explain his reluctance? take an active part in life? “Life: life is good! What to look for there? These are all dead people, sleeping people, these members of the world and society are worse than me. What drives them in life? So they don’t lie down, but scurry about every day like flies, back and forth, but what’s the point? Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home? What about our youth? Isn’t he asleep, walking, driving along Nevsky, dancing?”

A very interesting statement by M.M. Prishvina regarding Oblomov: “...his peace conceals within itself a request for highest value, for such activities, because of which it would be worth losing peace.”

Chatsky, Onegin, Pechorin, Oblomov are images of talented, bright, intelligent people, but their fate is tragic, and this brings them together. For some reason in turning points In life, it is precisely such people who turn out to be unnecessary to society, it seems to “squeeze” them out, does not need their intelligence, talent, there is no place for them in society.

Modern life confirms what A. Griboyedov, A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, I. Goncharov once noticed. And it’s not their fault that critics called the heroes they invented “superfluous” people.

Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov in the 10th grade is natural, because At this time, the teenager is faced with the problem of choosing a life path.

Summary of a literature lesson in 10th grade

Characteristics of the main character and definition of techniques for creating an image

(exposure analysis)

Lesson objectives:

• Cognitive: compose a characterization of the hero; trace the techniques for creating an image; means of expression, with the help of which the image is created; highlight plot elements using the example of the first chapter of a novel.

• Developmental: compare the descriptions in the first chapter of the novel with paintings by Flemish artists of the early 17th century (development of imaginative thinking).

• Educational: emphasize national traits in the image of the main character, paying attention to their typicality and relevance.

Remember what the characteristics of a hero include (indirect and direct).

Extracts, their systematization.

– What can be noted in the first chapter?

- The author's skill. We read the first sentence of the first chapter: “ In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses, the population of which would increase by a whole county town, lay in bed in the morning, in his apartment, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.”

The first sentence contains seven pieces of information:

• In Gorokhovaya street
• in one of the big houses
• a population that would be enough for an entire county town
• in the morning
• in bed
• at your apartment
• lying I.I. Oblomov

In the second sentence, the author indicates Oblomov’s age: “a man about thirty-two or three years old.” Is this a coincidence or not? At thirty-three years old, Jesus began to serve people, sacrificed himself, “thirty years and three years” Ilya Muromets sat on the stove, but then he did so many good deeds and accomplished feats that he is still remembered. What about Oblomov?

Portrait of a hero.

The author himself gives a description of the portrait of his hero; he does not trust anyone's eyes. The portrait uses many expressive means. These are unexpected epithets: complexion indifferent, uncertain thoughtfulness, cold Human. These are personifications: with eyes, walking carelessly along the walls; from the face carelessness passed into full body poses; neither tiredness nor boredom couldn't not for a minute drive away softness from the face. The author used metaphors for the portrait of his hero: running onto his face cloud of worries, began game of doubt. The transfer of natural phenomena to humans was also used: the look was foggy.

What stands out in the description of appearance? “How Oblomov’s home suit went to to the calm features of his face and to his pampered body! He was wearing a robe, a real oriental robe...which, like an obedient slave, obeys the slightest movement of the body...Shoes on they were long, soft and wide; when he, without looking, lowered his legs from the bed to the floor, then he certainly got into them right away" Ilya Ilyich Oblomov “ loved the space and freedom”.

Let's look at the interior. The question immediately arises: why did the same room serve as a bedroom, an office, and a reception room?

• So as not to clean up.
• The hero practically does not move.
• We can calmly examine it.

What was in the room?

• Mahogany Bureau.
• Two sofas, the back of one sofa sank down.
• Beautiful screens with embroidered birds and fruits unprecedented in nature.
• Silk curtains, carpets, several paintings, bronze, porcelain and many beautiful little things.
• Ungraceful mahogany chairs, rickety bookcases.

“The owner himself, however, looked at the decoration of his office so coldly and absent-mindedly, as if he was asking with his eyes: “Who brought all this here?”

One thing that stands out about the interior is that it is very... detailed description, there are a lot of details here. Goncharov called himself a draftsman. V.G. Belinsky noted: “He is carried away by his ability to draw.” A.V. Druzhinin writes: “Like the Flemings, Goncharov is national, poetic in the smallest details, like them, he puts before our eyes the whole life of a given era and a given society.”

What do the descriptions of Goncharov and the still lifes of Dutch artists have in common? – Even small details are drawn.
Why can you compare them? – Each piece is masterfully executed.

Confirmation of this can be found in the text of the first chapter - “ silk curtains”, pattern on fabric “with embroidered with birds and fruits unprecedented in nature”; “on the table... a plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone and bread crumbs.”

I.A. Goncharov uses many details when describing, achieving the verisimilitude of the picture.

The hero's actions.

• If he wants to get up and wash, he will have time after tea, you can drink tea in bed, nothing prevents you from thinking while lying down.
• He rose and almost stood up, and even began to lower one leg from the bed, but immediately picked it up.
• About a quarter of an hour passed - well, it’s enough to lie down, it’s time to get up.
• “I’ll read the letter, then I’ll get up.”
• “It’s already eleven o’clock and I haven’t gotten up yet.”
• He turned on his back.
• Call. He lies down and looks curiously at the doors.

What is special about Oblomov’s behavior?– Thought is extinction, desire is extinction.

Attitude to life.

If you think that Oblomov does not know how you can radically change your life, then you are deeply mistaken. Here is his reasoning: “ Where to start?...outline a detailed instructions to the attorney and send him to the village, mortgage Oblomovka, buy land, send a development plan, rent out an apartment, take a passport and go abroad for six months, sell off excess fat, lose weight, refresh your soul with the air that you once dreamed of with a friend, live without a robe, without Zakhar, put on stockings yourself and take off your boots, sleep only at night, go where everyone else is going, then... then settle in Oblomovka, know what sowing and threshing is, why a man is poor and rich, go to the field , go to elections...And so all my life! Farewell, poetic ideal of life! This is some kind of forge, not life; there is always flames, chatter, heat, noise... when to live?”

What can you say about the author’s attitude towards his hero? In what ways is this revealed? Here he wakes up in the morning, “ and the mind has not yet come to the rescue”. “However, it is necessary to give justice to Ilya Ilyich’s care for his affairs. Based on the first unpleasant letter from the headman, received several years ago, he had already begun to create in his mind a plan for various changes" The author makes fun of his hero using the technique of irony.

• Description (portrait, appearance, interior).
• Focus on details.
• Irony.
• Complementing one image with another (Zakhar looks like his owner).
• Reception of extinction.
• Selection typical features(Goncharov’s hero immediately resembles both Manilov and someone very familiar from our lives).

“...a cold beauty who maintains her character.” (Page 96)

“What should he do now? Go forward or stay? This Oblomov question was deeper for him than Hamlet’s.”(Page 168)

“This is some kind of forge, not life; there is always flames, chatter, heat, noise, ... when"

• I.I. Oblomov is a hero of his time, but also of our time. “As long as there is at least one Russian left, Oblomov will be remembered” (V.G. Belinsky). Your thoughts on this matter.
• Oblomov is “worth boundless love,” his creator himself is devoted to Oblomov, all the characters in the novel adore him (Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya, Agafya Matveevna, Zakhar). For what?
• Read the second chapter. Compare Oblomov with his visitors.
• Read Oblomov’s letter to Olga Ilyinskaya (second part, chapter IX, pp. 221–223). What can be added to Oblomov’s characterization, judging by this letter?
• As you read, make notes of phrases you like.

Tenth graders wrote down the following phrases from I.A. Goncharova:

• “Cunning is like a small coin that can't buy you much.” (Page 231)
• “Where can you get enough for every moment of looking around?(Page 221)
• “Self-love is the salt of life.”(Page 166)
• “Winter, how impregnable it is to live? (Page 168)
• “I pulled a book out of the corner and in one hour I wanted to read, write, change my mind everything that I had not read, written or changed my mind in ten years.”(Page 168)

Literature:

I.A. Goncharov. Selected works. – M.: Fiction, 1990 – 575 pp. (Teacher’s book).