The characters of the main characters in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” are portrayed exceptionally correctly and talentedly by the author. If the artist’s task is to snatch and capture the essence of life that is inaccessible to the understanding of the average person, then the great Russian writer coped with it brilliantly. His main character, for example, personifies an entire social phenomenon called “Oblomovism” in his honor. No less worthy of attention is the phenomenal friendship of Oblomov and Stolz, two antipodes, who, it would seem, should have irreconcilably argued with each other or even despised each other, as often happens in communication completely different people. However, Goncharov goes against stereotypes, connecting the antagonists with strong friendship. Throughout the entire novel, observing the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is not only necessary, but also interesting for the reader. The collision of two life positions, two worldviews - here main conflict in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov".
The differences between Oblomov and Stolz are not difficult to find. Firstly, it catches your eye appearance: Ilya Ilyich is a portly gentleman with soft features, plump hands, and slow gestures. His favorite clothing is a spacious robe that does not restrict movement, as if protecting and warming a person. Stolz is fit and slender. Constant activity and business acumen characterize his practical nature, so his gestures are bold and his reactions are quick. He is always dressed appropriately to move in the light and make the right impression.
Secondly, they have different upbringings. If little Ilyusha was groomed and cherished by his parents, nannies and other inhabitants of Oblomovka (he grew up as a pampered boy), then Andrei was brought up in strictness, his father taught him how to run a business, leaving him to make his own way. Stolz, as a result, did not have enough parental affection, which he was looking for in his friend’s house. Oblomov, on the contrary, was too kindly treated, his parents spoiled him: he was not fit for service or for the work of a landowner (taking care of the estate and its profitability).
Thirdly, their attitude to life differs. Ilya Ilyich does not like fuss, does not waste effort on pleasing society or at least wedging into it. Many people condemn him for laziness, but is it laziness? I think not: he is a nonconformist who is honest to himself and to the people around him. A nonconformist is a person who defends his right to behave differently from what is customary in his contemporary society. Oblomov had the courage and fortitude to silently, calmly adhere to his position and go his own way, without wasting his time on trifles. His demeanor reveals a rich spiritual life, which he does not display on a social display. Stolz lives in this showcase, because hanging around in good society always brings benefits to the businessman. We can say that Andrei had no other choice, because he is not a gentleman, his father earned capital, but no one will leave the villages to him as an inheritance. From childhood it was instilled in him that he had to earn his own living, so Stolz adapted to the circumstances, developing hereditary qualities: perseverance, hard work, social activity. But if he is so successful by modern standards, why does Stolz need Oblomov? From his father he inherited an obsession with business, limited practical man which he felt, and therefore subconsciously reached out to the spiritually rich Oblomov.
They were drawn to the opposite, feeling a lack of certain properties of nature, but could not learn from each other good qualities. None of them could make Olga Ilyinskaya happy: with both one and the other she felt dissatisfaction. Unfortunately, this is a fact of life: people rarely change in the name of love. Oblomov tried, but still remained faithful to his principles. Stoltz, too, was only enough for courtship, and then the routine of living together began. Thus, the similarity between Oblomov and Stolz was revealed in love: they both failed to build happiness.
In these two images, Goncharov reflected the contradictory trends in society of that time. The nobility is the support of the state, but its individual representatives cannot take an active part in its fate, if only because it is vulgar and petty for them. They are gradually being replaced by people who have gone through a harsh school of life, the more skillful and greedy Stolts. They do not have the spiritual component that is needed for any useful work in Russia. But even apathetic landowners will not save the situation. Apparently, the author believed that the fusion of these extremes, a kind of golden mean, was the only way to achieve the well-being of Russia. If we look at the novel from this angle, it turns out that the friendship of Oblomov and Stolz is a symbol of the unification of different social forces for a common goal.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!Oblomov and Stolz
Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov (The principle of antithesis)
All figurative system I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is aimed at revealing the character and essence of the main character. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the sofa, dreaming of transformations and happy life surrounded by family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, which is five miles from Oblomovka. The first two chapters of the second part contain a detailed account of Stolz’s life and the conditions in which his active character was formed.
1. General features:
a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and is already over thirty”);
b) religion;
c) training at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verchlöw;
d) service and quick retirement;
e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;
e) good attitude to each other.
2. Various features:
A ) portrait;
Oblomov . “He was a man about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence of any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.”
«… flabby beyond his years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by its matte finish, too white color necks, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained softness and not devoid of a kind of graceful laziness.”
Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fatty roundness...”
Getting to know portrait characteristic this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.
b) parents, family;
Oblomov's parents are Russian; he grew up in a patriarchal family.
Stolz comes from the philistine class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Stolz’s Russian entourage prevented him.
c) education;
Oblomov moved “from hugs to hugs of family and friends,” his upbringing was patriarchal in nature.
Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, and biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and read with his mother sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables and sorted through Telemachus’ warehouses.”
When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.”
Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that his son would grow into a “good bursh,” the father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which the son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart,” Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from - and every time young Stlts returned with the lessons he had learned.
From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in the soul of little Andrei a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.
d) attitude towards studying at a boarding house;
Oblomov studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched... a nerve”
Stolz always studied well and was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school
e) further education;
Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until he was twenty, then graduated from the university.
Stolz graduated from the university with flying colors. Parting with his father, who was sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly follow his father’s advice and go to Ivan Bogdanovich’s old friend Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reingold. Such independence and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.
f) lifestyle;
“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was his normal state.”
Stolz has a thirst for activity
g) housekeeping;
Oblomov did not do business in the village, received little income and lived on credit.
Stolz serves successfully, resigns to do his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia.
h) life aspirations;
Oblomov in his youth “prepared for the field”, thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded from his dreams social activities, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, and friends.
Stolz chose an active beginning in his youth... Stolz’s ideal of life is continuous and meaningful work, this is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”
i) views on society;
Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead men, sleeping people”; they are characterized by insincerity, envy, the desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means; he is not a supporter of progressive forms of farming.
According to Stolz, with the help of the establishment of “schools”, “piers”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “detritus” should be turned into comfortable estates that generate income.
j) attitude towards Olga;
Oblomov wanted to see loving woman, capable of creating a serene family life.
Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries to imagine their active alliance, full of work and beauty, ideal family, a true ideal that fails in Oblomov’s life: “we worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>just as Oblomov dreamed... Only there was no drowsiness, no despondency, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no sluggish look, no words; their conversation never ended, it was often heated.”
k) relationship and mutual influence;
Oblomov considered Stoltz his only friend, capable of understanding and helping, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.
Stolz highly appreciated the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz does everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also rose to the occasion: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the machinations of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who deceived Oblomov into signing a false loan letter.
Oblomov is accustomed to living according to Stolz’s orders; in the smallest matters he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stoltz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, Oblomov is in no hurry to follow Stoltz’s advice: their concepts of life, work, and application of strength are too different.
After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes in Oblomov’s son, Andryusha, named after him.
m) self-esteem ;
Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.
m) character traits ;
Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, and not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.
Stolz is active, sharp, practical, neat, loves comfort, is open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”.
The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.
Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.
Stolz in Goncharov’s novel was given the role of a person capable of breaking Oblomovism and reviving the hero. According to critics, the unclear idea of Goncharov about the role of “new people” in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. According to Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. Showing Parisian life Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero
So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and complete opposite to the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, to tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a “man of action” in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stolz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.
I.A. Goncharov in his novel touches upon very current topic the confrontation between work and laziness, which for centuries remains the most discussed and debatable. Nowadays, this topic is very problematic, since in our modern society Technology progresses and people stop working, laziness develops into the meaning of life.
The heroes of the novel Oblomov and Stolz are friends with early childhood. Their acquaintance occurs while studying in the house of Stolz’s father, who taught the basics of the most important sciences.
Ilya Oblomov comes from a noble family; from early childhood, little Ilya is pampered and cherished. Parents and nannies forbid him to show any independent activity. Ilyusha, seeing this attitude toward himself, immediately realized that he could do nothing, since other people would do it all for him. His education took place in Stolz's house; he did not particularly want to study and his parents indulged him in this. This is how Oblomov’s entire youth passed. Adult life was no different from childhood and adolescence; Oblomov continues to lead a calm and lazy lifestyle. His passivity and idleness are reflected in everyday life. He woke up at lunchtime, slowly climbed out of bed, lazily ate his food and was not interested in any business. Laziness, ingrained from childhood, did not give Oblomov the slightest chance to strive for science, to understand the world around him. Despite all this, his imagination was very well developed, since due to idleness Oblomov’s imaginary world was very rich. Oblomov was also a very trusting person, and the main person Ilya trusted was Andrei Stolts. Shtolz is the complete antipode of Oblomov. From early childhood, Andrei was accustomed to order and to work. His parents raised him strictly but fairly. His father, a German by nationality, instilled in Andrei precision, hard work and punctuality. WITH youth Andrei carried out various assignments for his father, strengthening his character. He studied with Ilya, from his father, unlike Oblomov, Andrei was good at science, and he studied them with curiosity. Stolz made the transition from childhood to adulthood very early, so Andrei was a very active person. He strived for constant replenishment of knowledge, because “learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. He had a sober and practical view of current events, he never did anything hastily without thinking this issue, which he needed to solve. Prudence and punctuality, ingrained in childhood, have found a place in adult life Stolz. Mobility and energy contributed to him in any endeavors. Considering life positions Oblomov and Stolz in relation to Olga Ilyinskaya, the following conclusions can be drawn: Oblomov, living in his world - “Oblomovshchina”, was a romantic who for a long time decided to take concrete steps in real life. Their acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya occurs thanks to Stolz. Their relationship was not strong from the very beginning. Olga, knowing a lot about Oblomov from Stolz’s stories, tries to bring Oblomov back to life through the means of her love, but she fails to do this and “Oblomovism” wins. The relationship between Olga and Andrey develops naturally throughout life, “she laughs at his jokes, and he listens to her singing with pleasure.” They had a lot in common, but the most important thing was that they strived for life, this contributed to their rapprochement and the formation of a family.
Be that as it may, the fates of both heroes turn out relatively well. Stolz finds his happiness with Olga, and Oblomov finds his Oblomovka in the house on Vyborg side and lives out his life there with the woman he always dreamed of. This denouement shows that the author’s position towards both of his heroes is positive.
After reading the novel by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, I am inclined to think that the events described in this work may be applicable to our time, since in modern society there are many people like Stolz and Oblomov. And their confrontation will be eternal.
Lifeideals of Oblomov and Stolz
All his life I. A. Goncharov dreamed of people finding harmony of feeling and reason. Hereflected on the strength and poverty of “man oncemind”, about the charm and weakness of the “man of the heart”.In Oblomov this idea became one of the leading ones,In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: passive and weak Oblomov, withhis golden heart and pure soul, and the energetic Stolz, capable of overcoming any obstaclesstanding by the power of your mind and will. However, whatGoncharov’s human ideal is not personifiedvan in none of them. Stolz doesn't seemto the writer a more complete personality than OLomov, whom he also looks at “sobereyes." Unbiasedly exposing the “extremes”nature of both, Goncharov advocated thisflatness spiritual world man with all the diversity of his manifestations.
Each of the novel's main characters had their ownunderstanding the meaning of life, your life ideasgoals that they dreamed of realizing. At the beginningnarrative Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, possessestel of three hundred and fifty souls of serfs baptismyang he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for threeyear in one of the capital's departments, heretired with the rank of collegiate secretary.Since then he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. Novelbegins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. Oblomov's life to thattime has turned into a lazy crawlingday after day." Having withdrawn from active activity, he lay on the sofa and irritablyargued with Zakhar, the serf servant, whory looked after him. Revealing socialroots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that
“It all started with the inability to put on stockings, and then it was an inability to live.”
Brought up in the patriarchal nobilityfamily, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in ObloMovka, his family estate, with and without her peaceacting as an ideal of a human beingnia. The norm of life was ready and taught to the regionto the Movites by their parents, and they adopted it from their parents. The three main acts of life constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood; birthplaces, weddings, funerals. Then next their units were given: christenings, name days,family holidays. Focuses on thisall the pathos of life. This was the “shi”fateful expanse of lordly life" with her holidaysity, which forever became the ideal of life for Ob Lomov A.
All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliatingnom. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich oncewas divided into two halves. One consisted of laborand boredom, and these were synonyms for him.The other is from peace and peaceful fun. In Ob Lomov ke Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with a feelingin superiority over other people. "Another"cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs away himselfThat's what you need. This “other” has towork tirelessly. Ilyusha was “brought up to be gentle”but he did not endure cold or hunger, he did not needknew, I didn’t earn my own bread, I did dirty workI didn’t study.” And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and avoided schoolclasses whenever possible. After graduating from university university, he no longer worked on his education, was not interested in science, art, or politics.
When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot fromfate, and from oneself. Prepared to serve to the fatherland, to play a prominent role in public
life, dreamed of family happiness. But the days went bydays after day, and he was still getting ready to start life, everythingI pictured my future in my mind. However, “the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit.”
The future service did not seem to him in the form ofharsh activities, but in the form of some kind of “families”"nothing to do." It seemed to him that the officialsemployees together form a friendly and closea family, all members of which are tirelessly concerned about mutual pleasure. However, his youthfulthe ideas were deceived. Not youfaced with difficulties, he resigned, servedliving only three years and having accomplished nothing significant body
Only Stolz's youthful fervor could stillstrike Oblomov, and in his dreams he sometimes burned fromthirst for labor and a distant but attractive placewhether. It happened, lying on the sofa, it would flare upthe desire to point out to humanity its vices.He will quickly change two or three poses, with shiningwith his eyes he will sit up in bed and be inspiredlooks around. It seems that his high wuxiThis will soon turn into a feat and bring good consequences to humanity. Sometimes he imagineshimself as an invincible commander: he invents a war, organizes new crusades, performs feats of goodness and generosity. Or, imagininghimself as a thinker, an artist, in his imaginationreaps laurels in battle, everyone worships him,the crowd is chasing him. However, in reality he was notable to understand how to manage one's ownestate and easily became the prey of such swindlers as Tarantyev and his brother tying mistress.
Over time, he developed remorse that did not give him peace. He was in painfor his underdevelopment, for the heaviness that hindered himlive. He was torn by envy that others lived like thisfull and wide, but something prevents him from walking boldly
through life. He painfully felt that it was goodneck and the light principle is buried in it, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not finddil. However, apathy and indifference are quickly replaced there is anxiety in his soul, and he again peacefullyslept on his sofa.
Even love for Olga did not revive him to praxis.tic life. Faced with the needthe ability to act, overcoming obstacles that stand in the waydifficulties, he got scared and retreated. Having settledstaying on the Vyborg side, he left himself entirely to the care of Agafya Pshenitsyna, windowscompletely withdrawn from active life.
Besides this inability brought up by the nobility,Oblomov is prevented from being active by many other things.goe. He really feels objectively the existing disconnection between the “poetic” and"practical" in life, and this is the reason for his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by a false, imaginarycontent" Although Oblomov has nothing to object toStolz's reproaches, some kind of spiritual righteousness for included in Ilya Ilyich’s confession that he I couldn't understand this life.
If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov says more speaks about Oblomov’s laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov’s “heart of gold” sounds more and more insistently,which he carried unharmed through life. NotOblomov's happiness is connected not only with socialenvironment, the influence of which he could not resistyat. It is also contained in the “disastrous excess of hearts”tsa". Gentleness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless in front of people and circumstances.
As opposed to passive and empty The enthusiastic Oblomov Stolz conceived a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Gonchathe moat sought to make it attractive to
reader with its “efficiency”, rationalpracticality. These qualities have not yet beencharacteristic of heroes of Russian literature.
The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman,Andrey Stolts since childhood thanks to his father Paultaught labor and practical education. It's incombined with the poetic influence of his mothermade him a special person. UnlikeOutwardly round Oblomov, Stolz was thin, all muscle and nerves. From himthere was a breath of freshness and strength.<«Как в орга there was nothing superfluous in his baseness, and in his dispositionin the main directions of his life he was looking forbalancing practical aspects with subtletiesthe needs of the spirit." “He walked through life firmly”cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend everyevery day, like every ruble.” He attributed the reason for any failure to himself, “and not to others.”shrouded like a caftan on someone else’s nail.” He strivedto develop a simple and direct view oflife. Most of all he was afraid of imagination,"this two-faced companion", and every dream,therefore, everything mysterious and mysterious is notthere was room in his soul. Everything that does not exposeanalysis of experience, does not correspond to practicalTo be honest, he considered it a deception. The work was goodzom, content, element and purpose of his lifeneither. Above all, he placed perseverance inpursuing goals: it was a sign of characterin his eyes. According to the author, the individualsThe future must belong to Stolz:“How many Stoltsevs should appear under Russian by our names!
Emphasizing rationalism and strong-willed qualitiesof his hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of the grayStolz's callousness. Apparently a man“budget”, emotionally contained within strict and tight limits, is not Goncharov’s hero, the Writer speaks about “moral principles” personally
ty of your hero as about the physiological work of theganism or about the performance of official dutiesnews You cannot “send” friendly feelings.However, in relation to Stolz and Oblomov, thisthere is a tint.
In the development of the action, Stolz little by little talks aboutreveals himself as “not a hero.” For Goncharov, whory sang the holy recklessness of Chatsky andclearly understood the anxiety of great spiritualrequests, this was a sign of internal insufficiency. Lack of a high goal, understandingthe meaning of human life is constantly being revealedswears, despite the vigorous activityStolz in the practical sphere. He has nothing to sayask Oblomov in response to the confession that hea friend did not find meaning in the life around him. Having received Olga's consent to the marriage, Stolz pronouncedsits puzzling words: “Everything is found, nothinglook, there is nowhere else to go.” And later he will carefully try to persuade the alarmedOlga resigns herself to the "rebellious issue"mi", excluding the "Faustian" from your life anxiety.
Remaining objective towards everyoneto his heroes, the writer explores the innerthe capabilities of different contemporary peopleChinese types, finding strength and weakness in each ofthem. However, Russian reality is not yetwaited for her true hero. According to DoBrolyubova, a real historical case in Russiathis was not in the sphere of practicality and practicality, butin the sphere of struggle for renewal of public managementokay. Active existence and new, active new people were still just a prospect, alreadyvery close, but still not realstu. It has already become clear which person is not neededRussia" but that kind of deactivity and the type of figure that it requires are.
Literature – 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"
(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)
Lesson objectives: to identify the features of the author’s position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop skills in characterizing literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;
The main idea of the work;
Main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and systematize educational material;
Improve your skills in working with text;
Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.
Progress of the lesson.
IOrg moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (Part 2,
chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.
1.Introductory remarks.
Good afternoon, guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)
2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?
Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.
Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).
What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;
In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”
(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, the attitude towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
Purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
b)Origin:
…
…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to take care of his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.
His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)
His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.
His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).
A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”
Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”
Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
e) Established program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).
“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”
What was Stolz most afraid of?
Substantiating their answers with text, the students say that dreams and imagination (“optical illusion,” as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning
“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and to carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).
Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and work as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introductory speech about the meaning of life.
Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)
In what setting does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?
f) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
“...he is constantly on the move...”
Sleep (inactivity)
“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”
A dream is a “shell, self-deception”
“he was afraid of every dream... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”
Fear of circumstances
“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)
Labor is punishment
“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed
- Is Stolz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who seek meaning in secular life are dead, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!
Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?
Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?
Result:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Give your reasons. What values (which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)
- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?
Student answers:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.
2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is constantly active and does not disdain the most menial work; thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he has become a rich and famous man. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.
Answer to the problematic question: Are Oblomov and Stolz twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summing up.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.
Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further independent adult life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, emerging from the soft youthful years into stern, bitter courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”
VI . Homework :
Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:
Individual tasks:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)
3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
Origin
from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); work in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.
Education
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow
Embedded program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.
… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...
Purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.
Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch you on the sly, then suddenly it will come right from the forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” “And, thank God!” - said Stolz.
Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
Test of love
he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
Purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
