Good day, aspiring artist and regular visitor to the blog.
I hope there were enough spheres? So let's move on to the important, extremely versatile Cuba. The cube is so versatile that you will use it to draw frames, houses, buildings, bridges, planes, cars, flowers and fish...fish?? Yes, the cube will help you draw even small fish in 3D, as well as a face, flowers, and everything you can think of or see around. So let's get started.
1. Start with new page of your notebook, write the lesson number and title, date, time, location. Draw two dots opposite each other.
2. Place your finger between the points using your other hand. Then draw a dot above and below the finger as shown in the picture.
Feel free to jot down notes, quotes, and notes. The more you put your own thoughts and ideas into your notebook, the more it matters to you, the more you will use it. In my sketchbook I make notes, reminders, notes, lists and all the other things that can't be drawn. My album is the first place I look when I need to remember something.
3. Look at the dots you drew. The two new points should be close to each other. We will draw a trapezoid (a square in perspective).
4. Draw the first line.
5. Draw the next line.
6. Then the third.
7. Finish the trapezoid. This is a very important form to practice. Practice by drawing this trapezoid a few more times. WARNING: Draw the two middle points very close to each other. If they are too far apart you will end up with a "full size" square. And our goal is “flattened”.
This angle distorts the object and creates the illusion that one part is closer to the viewer. For a visual example, take a coin out of your pocket. Look at her directly. It is a flat circle. A 2D circle that has length and width (in two dimensions) but no height. The surface is at the same distance from the eyes. Now tilt the coin slightly. The shape has changed to an ellipse, which now has height. The coin now has all three dimensions: length, width and height. By tilting the coin, you move the edge of the coin away from your eyes, you get an ellipse (a circle in perspective).
Basically, drawing three-dimensional objects involves distorting images on a flat, two-dimensional piece of paper to create the illusion of depth. 3D drawing distorts shapes to trick the eye into making objects appear closer or further away.
Now let's go back to my warning about drawing two dots in the middle. If your points are too far apart, your square will look like this:
If your figure looks like this, then redraw it several times, placing the middle points closer friend to a friend until your figure looks like this:
Okay, enough about distortion for now. Keep this thought in your head, it is very important and every lesson will begin with this.
8. Draw the sides of the cube using two vertical lines. Vertical, straight lines from top to bottom without slope. Here's a hint: use the side of your notebook. If the vertical lines match the sides of the page, your drawing is not slanted.
9. Using the side reference lines, draw the middle line a little longer and lower. Using drawn lines allows you to correctly determine the position for your next line, this is very important when creating 3D images.
10. Using the top rightmost trapezoid line, draw the bottom right side of the cube. Just repeat it with a quick movement of your hand, looking at the top line. Don't worry if you've gone beyond the subject, you can adjust it later. I prefer designs with a lot of extra lines and dashes that look three-dimensional rather than ones that have super clean, crisp lines.
11. Now draw the bottom left side of the cube, referencing the top line. Guides! Guides! Guides! I highly recommend that you practice using guide lines.
12. Now the fun part - let's move on to the shadows. Determine the position of your imaginary light source. I'll place mine on the top right. Notice! I use guide lines to get the angle of the shadow right. By extending the lower right edge, draw a falling shadow. Looks good, doesn't it? Does the cube actually appear to be "sitting" on the ground? This turning point when the drawing becomes three-dimensional.
13. Finish your first 3D cube by shading the edge opposite the light. Notice that I didn't shade it at all. I blend shadows only on rounded surfaces.
LESSON 4: PRACTICAL TASK
Let's take what we've learned in the basics of drawing a 3D cube and add some details.
We're going to draw three cubes. Start with the first one with two anchor points. When I say “anchor points” in future lessons, I will mean these points.
1. Place your index finger midway between the anchor points. This amazing habit that you are acquiring now will become second nature to you by the end of the thirtieth lesson.
2. Connect the dots to form a trapezoid. This is a great figure to practice in your sketchbook if you have a minute or so. For example, when you are in a queue or traffic jam. So always carry your sketchbook and pencil with you, who knows when you will have a free minute to draw!
3. Draw the vertical side lines and the center line of the cube. Always draw the middle line longer and lower so that it appears closer.
4. Finish drawing the cube using the top guide lines.
6. Draw anchor points in the middle of each edge of the top face of the cube.
7. Let's start with the first one. Let's draw on it an old-fashioned gift mail bag, decorated with ribbon, in which we receive gifts from grandma on New Year. Draw a vertical line down near the left anchor point, and then along the top edge to the other anchor point.
8. Repeat this on the other side. Anchor points help you draw a line inside the trapezoid. Anchor points are an extremely useful tool in creating angles, like this one. We will use these points often in subsequent lessons (very often!).
9. To draw such lines in a horizontal direction, use anchor points again, only in the middle of the vertical lines.
10. Draw lines connecting the anchor points, use the lines at the top as guides.
11. Using wrapping tape, you can complete all three cubes by presenting them as a parcel, a dice, and a gift wrapped in thick ribbon.
Another good task for practice
Place any box (shoe box, cereal box, or any other box) on the table in front of you.
Sitting down Stand up and position yourself so that you can see the top edge, similar to the trapezoid we recently drew.
Don't panic! Just remember what you learned in this lesson and let that knowledge help you draw what your eyes see. Look, look closely at the obtuse angles, the shading, the cast shadow. Look how the lettering on the box also follows these corners. The more you draw, the more you will you notice many fascinating details in real world around you.
Share your work and receive useful tips V
All objects and figures are placed in space. Even in simple drawing It is worth understanding not completely different objects, but everything that is on it, and everything that we want to depict. It is worth considering it as one flow of shapes and lines, white and black, light and shadow.
The drawing should be perceived as a space on paper, where there is a plane and proportions of all objects, light and shadow, which is directed according to the shape of the object.
Basic geometric shapes:
2D flat shapes
Three-dimensional figures that have volume
Absolutely all objects are based on these figures.
A cube is a figure, the basis of which is a three-dimensional image in the spatial relationship of the sheet. The cube has all the geometric parameters, such as: verticality, horizontality and depth. The cube itself contains the concept of the drawing as a whole.
To begin to understand the drawing, we will work with it. With the help of figurative and logical constructions, you and I We will develop thinking through form analytics. For greater understanding and analysis of the drawing, there are several exercises.
Exercises
We sit down at the easel, take a large sheet of paper, maybe inexpensive, or even a piece of wallpaper (paper doesn't really matter in this exercise). We draw a square, naturally we try to make sure that its sides are even and its lines are straight.
So, we see an ordinary square, completely uninteresting and unimpressive, but this is only at the moment...
Making a cube out of a square using a pencil: draw lines from the edges at approximately 45 degrees. We finish drawing the back part and... we get a cube. But again we don’t see any space in our sheet. You can freely confuse the nearest and farthest edges. Now it's just a few lines on paper.
In order for us to feel space, we need to give the drawing smoothness. That is, to make it clear to us where the front of the drawing is and where the back is.
The side of the cube that is closer to us needs to be highlighted, made clearer and conveyed more actively. Take your pencil and draw in a bold tone on the front edges. Now we can already see where the near side is and where the side is further from us.
This is how we conveyed the space to achieve the desired result. But that's not all. Now it is important to correctly convey smoothness in order to obtain volume in the drawing.
We present to your attention a short video tutorial on the topic of optical illusions.
Let's try to understand the principle of interaction between a square and a circle in a perspective drawing. Learn to check the correctness of a square by inscribing a circle in it.
Draw horizontal and vertical squares in perspective. Check the correctness of their image using inscribed circles.
Before you begin this task, carefully examine the diagram in Fig. 2.8. The points of contact between the sides of the square and the circle (points 1, 2, 3, 4) divide the sides of the square in half. The midlines of the square and its diagonals intersect at the center of the circle. The opposite sides of the square and the corresponding middle lines are parallel and located at equal distances from each other. Consider also Fig. 2.9. Using the example of a circle and a square in frontal perspective, it is clearly seen that the center of the ellipse and the center of the circle are two different points. The diameter of the circle, which is the minor axis of the ellipse, is divided by the center point of the circle into two segments of different sizes: the one closest to the viewer is larger, the farthest one is smaller (according to the law of perspective contraction), and the center point of the ellipse divides the same diameter - the minor axis of the ellipse - exactly in half .
You can draw a square in perspective in different sequences, for example, first draw one straight line - the side of the square, and then another, perpendicular to it, lay down on these lines from the point of their intersection segments equal to the side of the square, and then from the resulting vertices complete the remaining sides, bringing together parallel lines to vanishing points. Or in other words, first draw two parallel lines, and then two more, perpendicular to the first two. In any case, this task seems simple only at first glance. In fact, the draftsman has to determine too many positions (the degree of convergence of the parallel sides of the square, their directions and sizes) based on his personal experience, and, as you know, sometimes it is not enough. That is why the correctness of the square must be checked, for example, by inscribing a circle in it. For any position of the square, in order to inscribe a circle (in a perspective drawing - an ellipse), it is necessary to find the points of contact of the sides of the square with the inscribed circle (points 1 - 4) and determine the position of the axes of the ellipse. If the inscribed ellipse touches the sides of the square at given points and is symmetrical about the axes, then the square is drawn correctly.
Horizontal square. Draw a horizontal square according to the representation (Figure 2.10). Find the points of tangency; to do this, through the point of intersection of the diagonals, draw straight lines parallel to the sides of the square and going with them to the same vanishing point (Fig. 2.11). A circle lying in a horizontal plane is depicted in a perspective drawing as an ellipse with vertical and horizontal axes. Draw a vertical line through the intersection point of the diagonals - the minor axis of the ellipse. The major axis of the ellipse is perpendicular to the minor axis and passes through a point offset from the intersection of the diagonals of the square (the center of the circle) closer to the viewer (Fig. 2.12). Thus, we received two axes of the ellipse and four points that determine its dimensions. Continue the drawing: first, with light pencil movements, outline the ellipse, then refine the line, ensuring that it actually touches the sides of the square at points 1, 2, 3, 4 (Fig. 2.13). Check the symmetry of the resulting ellipse relative to its axes.
Vertical square. If the square is in a vertical position, find points 1, 2, 3, 4, as in the previous example: draw straight lines parallel to its sides through the intersection point of the diagonals of the square (Fig. 2.14).
It is somewhat more difficult to determine the direction of the ellipse axes. To do this, imagine that the ellipse being depicted is the base of a cylinder lying on a horizontal plane (Fig. 2.15). The axis of the cylinder in a perspective drawing is always perpendicular to the major axis of the base ellipse and coincides with its minor axis. Draw the axis of the cylinder through the intersection point of the diagonals of the square. The direction of this axis can be determined based on the experience of drawing from life. The task is greatly simplified if the vertical square into which you inscribe the circle is the face of a cube. Then the axis of the cylinder (also the minor axis of the ellipse) is parallel to the horizontal edges of the cube and on the picture goes with them at one vanishing point. Thus, we have determined the position of the minor axis of the ellipse. The major axis will be perpendicular to it and will pass through the center of the ellipse, shifted from the intersection of the diagonals (the center of the circle) closer to the viewer (Fig. 2.16). Draw an ellipse on two axes and four points of contact (Fig. 2.17).
The pictures illustrating the sequence of inscribing a circle into horizontal and vertical squares present ideal situations. In reality, an ellipse inscribed in a square often turns out to be asymmetrical with respect to the axes, and therefore it has to be refined and, as a result, the outline of the square must be changed. In this case, the work proceeds as if by the method of successive approximations and refinements, which is difficult and time-consuming. Often in the drawings there are not quite regular squares and not quite regular ellipses, but only figures close to them.
It is easier to draw a regular ellipse than to construct a regular square in perspective. That is why the modern technique suggests not checking and correcting already drawn squares in a similar way, but constructing them by describing them around a circle.
If you want to learn how to draw a square with a pencil step by step, take a few simple steps.
Step 1. The first thing you're going to need to do is grab a ruler. The ruler should not have any dents along the edge if you want your square to fall into place. In reality you have to start by building horizontal line. This is so you can draw your glasses evenly with each other. So start by drawing a line with light using a ruler. Once horizontal as drawn, add two points, one on each side of the line. These glasses will allow you to draw perpendicular lines, which should be at an angle of 90 degrees.
Step 2. Do the same thing you did in step one, but when you make your glasses, be sure to use a ruler so that you end up with perfectly straight lines.
Step 3. This is just a quick diagram showing you how to square 90 degrees on each side.
Step 4. Start drawing your horizontal line from point A to point B for the top and bottom of the square shape.
Step 6. Here is your perfect square. Now you can use it as building material for something you need to make, or you can use what you just learned in a different way as well.
I continue to talk about exercises that improve drawing skills in in this case geometric shapes. We will practice drawing their two-dimensional display, three-dimensional display and shading of figures. So, Drawing Exercises. Part 2. Let's get started.
But before starting the exercises, I remind you that there is...
2D shapes
Circle. At first it will be difficult to draw an even, beautiful circle, so let’s help ourselves with a compass. Draw a circle with a light line and outline it. Once, then again, we remember the nature of the movement and try to reproduce it. You can help yourself by putting a few points to start with. Over time, if you do this exercise, the circles will turn out better and more beautiful. 🙂
Triangle. Let's try to draw an equilateral triangle. Again, to help ourselves, we can first draw a circle using a compass and inscribe our figure into it. But then we definitely try to draw it ourselves.
Square. Yes, it’s difficult to draw all sides the same and all angles 90 degrees the first time. Therefore, to remember the correct shape, we use a ruler. Then we draw point by point, and then independently, without auxiliary tools.
After the square, draw a rhombus, that is, the same square, but rotated 45 degrees.
Draw a 5-pointed star, draw without lifting the pencil from the paper. For the first time, you can use a compass and inscribe a star in a circle to achieve symmetry.
Six-pointed star. Draws as 2 equilateral triangles.
Eight-pointed star. Draws as 2 squares.
Egg. It is an oval that is narrower at one end than the other.
Crescent. This figure is not as easy to draw as it might seem at first glance. First, try to draw it yourself, and then with the help of a compass, remembering that the month is actually part of two intersecting circles.
3D shapes
Let's move on to three-dimensional figures. Let's start with the cube. We draw a square, then another square a little higher and to the right, connecting the corners with straight lines. We get a transparent cube. Now let's try to draw the same cube, but without visible lines inside.
Now we draw the cube from a different angle. To do this, first draw a flat parallelogram in the shape of a rhombus, lower their perpendiculars and draw the same figure at the base. And the same cube, but without visible lines.
Now let's try to draw a cylinder in different angles. The first cylinder will be transparent, draw an oval, lower the vertical lines down and draw an oval base. Then we draw a cylinder with an invisible lower inner edge and a cylinder with an invisible upper inner edge.
And we complete this cycle of figures by drawing a cone from different angles.
Let's draw a circle. We outline the shadow in the lower left corner with light shading. The shadow should be in the shape of a crescent. Next, we add tones to the shadow using more pressure on the pencil, shading from the center to the edge according to the principle from light to dark, while leaving a small area of lighter shadow at the border of the circle, this is a reflex. Next we shade the falling shadow, the further from the base of the ball, the lighter it is. The shadow is on the opposite side from the light source. That is, in our case, the light source is in the upper right corner.
Now let's shade the cube. In this case, the light is also in the upper right corner, which means the darkest shadow will be on the opposite side, there will be no shadow on top, and the right visible edge will have a lighter tone. Accordingly, we apply shading accordingly.
Using the same principle, we shade the sides on the cube and cone; it is important to monitor the shape of the object and how the light falls on it. And the cast shadow should also match the shape of the object.
And also, in the exercises for shading, diagonal shading is used, but I would advise you to try further shading according to the shape of the object, then the object will be more voluminous. But shading in shape, and shading in general, is a rather broad topic, I have already begun to study it and I will say that without training your hands and an even, quick stroke, there is no way here, so even if you only do what I have already posted, do it regularly, then the drawings will inevitably get better.
Let’s finish drawing and continue :)
