Materials
For use in lessons
Russian language and literary reading
(vocabulary work with names of months,
proverbs and sayings, texts for dictations or copying, fairy tales, dates of birth of writers and poets,
4 seasons + integration with the outside world.)
Topic 1 Seasons, months (similar to all 4 seasons)
Autumn
Proverbs and sayings
In autumn bad weather there are 7 weathers in the yard: sowing, blowing, twisting, whistling, tearing, pouring and
snow is blowing.
There is no turn from autumn to summer.
September - cold, but full.
October - Covered the ground here with a leaf, sometimes with snow.
November - September's grandson, October's son, winter's brother
To the origins of the word
(names of months)
Autumn
September
Name of the first month of autumn September comes from the Latin word SEPTEMBERE, which means seventh.
The ancient Roman New Year begins on March 1, so September was the seventh month.
October
The tenth month of the year is October. The word October is related to the words OCTAVE, OCTET. All of them are derived from the Latin word “OCTO”, which means “eight”.
Therefore, musical works for eight instruments or eight voices, as well as an ensemble of eight people, are called OCTET.
Octave is a musical term. An octave combines 8 notes: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do.
October was then the eighth month.
November
November got its name from the Latin word “NOVEM”, which means “nine”.
Old names of the months:
September- confident, frowning;
October - leaf fall;
November - breast;
DICTIONS.
IN SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER is the first month of autumn. In the Moscow region the temperature usually does not exceed ten degrees Celsius. In Siberia and the Urals, the first autumn frosts occur in the third ten days of September. In the Central zone, summer work and harvesting of different varieties of apple trees are completed before frost. Trees and berry bushes are being prepared for winter.
In September, pits are prepared for planting fruit trees. (Kolesnikov)
September
It's a tedious autumn rain. The forest is quiet. Suddenly the forest silence is broken by the bright spring muttering of a black grouse.
The song thrush responded and whistled its song. A little warbler began to shade.
At the edge of the forest, in the depths of the forest, bird voices were heard. These are farewell songs of birds.
In September, spring and autumn are close together in the forest.
Yellow leaf and green blade of grass. Warm sun and cold white rainbow.
Both sad and happy. (According to N. Sladkov)
SEPTEMBER
September has arrived. Autumn has come.
Rowan berries are turning red in the forest clearings.
The wind blows golden leaves along the road.
Honey mushrooms grow on old stumps. Clouds are quickly running across the sky. The birds are ready to fly to warmer climes. Starlings gathered in noisy flocks.
October
October is crying cold tears.
October is winter's brother. October will cover the earth, sometimes with leaves, sometimes with snow. October often cries into the scarf of the red dawn.
In October the sun weakens and the earth is cold.
In October, say goodbye to the sun, get closer to the stove.
October - lazy sunrise.
OCTOBER
October was cold and stormy. The plank roofs turned black. The grass in the garden has died.
Loose clouds hovered over the meadows. It was raining. The shepherds stopped driving their flocks into the meadows. The shepherd's horn died down until spring.
(K. Paustovsky)
NOVEMBER
The alleys of the park are quiet. The leaves flew off the trees. Red clusters of berries are visible on bare rowan branches. It's getting colder every day. The puddles are covered with ice. And the pond is already frozen. But you can’t walk on ice yet. The frost is getting stronger every day.
Friends, are your skates and skis okay?
Winter is just around the corner. (52 words)
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
NOVEMBER
According to the calendar, November is the last month of autumn. The morning frosts are getting stronger every day. When the kids go to school, thin ice is already crunching under their feet. The river near the banks is frozen. Thin stripes of ice appeared on the lakes. The ponds were covered with ice. The white flies of winter were flying in the air. The animals put on winter coats. Late autumn is a wonderful time for hunters.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
IN NOVEMBER
It's slightly frosty outside. The sun sends bright rays to the earth. The snow crunches underfoot. The road is paved with sleighs. The sky above the earth is clear and high. During the day you can see the new crescent moon in the sky. Light and clear water flows in forest streams. Dry leaves and blades of grass are visible at the bottom of streams. (51 words)
(According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Four sisters (Pavlysh tales).
There lived sisters in the world: Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn.
The winter was gray.
Spring was young, in a green outfit, with blue eyes.
Summer was tanned, wearing a lush wreath and green dress.
And Autumn is golden-haired, in a red shawl.
Winter, Spring, Summer have come to visit Autumn. On her table are pears, apples, plums, watermelons, melons, and fragrant honey. The sisters had lunch and began to thank Autumn.
Autumn says: “It’s me who should thank you.
You, Winter, covered the earth with a blanket of snow.
You, Spring, watered the field with rain.
You, Summer, sent the clear sun so that everything would ripen.”
The sisters are happy, they say: We all worked hard so that people reap a rich harvest.”
CALENDAR
(dates of birth of writers and poets)
AUTUMN
SEPTEMBER
09/05/1817 Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich
09/07/1870 Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich
09.09.1828 Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich
09.09.1918 Zakhoder Boris Vladimirovich
09/11/1882 Zhitkov Boris Stepanovich
OCTOBER
01.10.1791 Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich
03.10.1895 Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich
10/06/1931 Sef Roman Semenovich
10/15/1814 Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich
10/22/1870 Bunin Ivan Alekseevich
10/23/1920 Gianni Rodari (Italian children's writer)
NOVEMBER
03.11.1887 Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich
06.11.1852 Mamin Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich
09.11.1818 Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich
Natalia Melnikova
Summary of a lesson on speech development on the topic “Autumn” (preparatory age)
Target: clarification and expansion of the dictionary according to topic« Autumn» due to the formation "semantic field", development valence of words and improvement of inflection functions.
Training tasks:
Strengthen children's knowledge about autumn, note the characteristic features of this time of year.
Improve grammatical structure speeches(agreement of nouns with adjectives).
Improve the syntactic side speeches(making sentences based on pictures).
Developmental tasks:
Develop visual perception, attention, memory, thinking.
Educational:
Cultivate an attentive, caring attitude towards nature.
Corrective tasks:
Develop gross motor skills, speech hearing, thinking, memory, visual attention.
Equipment: pictures with signs autumn.
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment.
Guys, today we will talk about the time of year, but what time of year, I want you to guess for yourself. Please guess the riddle.
Guess the time of year:
Harvest the harvest
The colorful forest is beautiful,
The mown fields are getting wet,
Clouds are walking across the sky,
Birds fly south
Mushroom pickers are rushing into the forests,
Yellow leaves are flying,
The hedgehog collects leaves
He insulates his mink.
(« autumn» )
Yes, you guessed it right, today we will talk about autumn. Means the word « autumn» will be key today.
Exercise on development long smooth exhalation « Autumn leaves» :
The leaves will begin to fall soon. When the wind blows, the leaves will swirl in the air. Let us show you how the wind will blow on the leaves.
Exercise on development of a sense of rhythm.
It rains in autumn. Rain dripping: drip - drip - drip.
Let's repeat (beat the rhythm with your fingers):
//-//-// - // - // - //
//-// - // - / /- //
//-//-// - // - // - // - //
// - // - // - // etc.
2. Selection of related words to the word AUTUMN.
What day? - autumn.
How is the sun shining? - By- autumn.
Tell me who or what you can talk about AUTUMN?
(DAY, RAIN, WIND, LEAF, EVENING, MONTH, BALL)
What or who can you talk about? AUTUMN?
(TIME, WEATHER, GRASS, NIGHT, FOLIAGE, ROAD....)
Who or what can you talk about? AUTUMN?
(TIME, SKY, FIELD, TREE, MOOD, WARMTH, MORNING….)
Who or what can you talk about? AUTUMN?
(DAYS, CLOUDS, SIGNS, TREES, FLOWERS, EVENINGS, MONTHS, LEAVES….)
Selection of actions for words « autumn» :
- What is autumn doing??
(COMES, BEGINS, GOES, ADVANCES, STEPS....)
Selection of signs for the word « autumn» :
-What autumn is it like??
(GOLDEN, BEAUTIFUL, ELEGANT, EARLY, LATE, COLD, WARM, RAINY, SUNNY, QUIET….)
3. Characteristics autumn.
Let's name the signs autumn.
What is the sun doing?
(SHINES, WARMS, RISES, SETS).
What sunshine in autumn?
(DIM, COLD, SAD).
What's the sky like in autumn??
(GRAY, BORING, CLOUDY, DARK, LOW)
It rains in autumn.
What does the rain do?
(GOING, RAINING, DRIPPING, DRIPPING).
What kind of rain?
(SMALL, COLD, STRONG, WARM).
Strong wind blows in autumn.
What is the wind doing?
(howling, blowing, piercing, blowing away).
What kind of wind is it?
(COLD, STRONG, WARM, WEAK, NORTH....).
in autumn leaves fall from the trees.
What do leaves do?
(FALLING, FALLING, FLYING, CRUSHING, RUSHING....).
What kind of leaves?
(GOLDEN, BRIGHT, BEAUTIFUL, YELLOW, LARGE, SMALL, COLORFUL, GREEN, DRY).
In autumn the trees are bare.
What do trees do?
(STANDING, BORED, GETTING READY FOR BED).
What kind of trees?
in autumn birds fly away to warmer climes.
What are the birds doing?
(FLY AWAY, SAD, SITT, TWEET, LEAVE, GATHER IN Flocks….).
What kind of birds?
(MIGRATION).
What a big word « Autumn» we got it, it consists of many parts, i.e. signs. If we talk about the sun that it is cold and sad, that means autumn we can say(what is she like)
Cold, sad, sad, gray….
4. Physical education minute.
Drop once,
(jump on toes, arms to the sides)
Drop two,
(one more jump)
Very slowly at first.
(4 jumps)
And then, then, then
Everybody run, run, run.
(8 jumps)
We opened our umbrellas
(spread your arms to the sides)
Sheltered herself from the rain.
(close your hands above your head in a semicircle)
5. Exercise "Say it the other way around" on the use of antonyms.
In summer the sun is bright and in the fall....
In summer the sky is bright and in the fall....
In summer the days are long and in the fall....
In summer the clouds are high and in the fall...
In summer people grow crops, and in the fall....
In summer the trees stand dressed, and in the fall...
6. Game "Say otherwise":
(selection of synonyms)
In autumn the sky is gray - dark, gloomy, cloudy...
in autumn the trees are naked – bare, naked….
in autumn the flowers have dried up and withered...
in autumn birds fly away in caravans - flocks, schools, wedges...
in autumn the birds do not have enough food - food, food, food...
in autumn the way to the south is long – long, long, long….
7. Exercise "Find the mistakes":
(which doesn't happen in autumn) :
Children sunbathe in autumn, bathe, wear light clothes.
in autumn Dry, colorful leaves rustle underfoot.
Buds swell in autumn, leaves are blooming.
in autumn people harvest vegetables and fruits.
in autumn wild animals do not store supplies for the winter.
8. Exercise "Right is wrong" on development understanding cause-and-effect relationships.
I took an umbrella because it was raining.
(it started to rain because I took an umbrella).
The birds flew south because it was raining autumn.
(has arrived autumn because the birds flew south).
9. Writing a story (suggestions) about autumn from pictures.
1O. Bottom line classes.
Lexical theme "Autumn"
COGNITIVE PART
Children should know:
- names of autumn months;
— the main signs of autumn;
— what happens to the trees, how the grass has changed, the meaning of the word “leaf fall”;
- what animals and birds do in the fall;
- what people do;
- what gifts autumn brought to people;
- why they say “golden” about autumn.
Expanding children's vocabulary:
titles: autumn, September, October, November, months, leaf fall, rain, clouds, puddles, wind, fog, dampness, bad weather, freshness, nature, harvest, garden, vegetable garden, fruits, vegetables, supplies, trees, leaves, forest, birds , animals, slush, winter, weather, withering, haze, sky, sun, people, clothes, umbrella;
signs: early, late, autumn, dull, sad, golden, farewell, foggy, distant, difficult, rich, long, short, frequent, rare, gloomy, stormy, rainy, damp, crimson, bare, fading, sad, wondrous, beautiful , lush, migratory, wintering;
actions: they fly, rustle, fall, rustle, crumble, advance, come, frown, say goodbye, fly away, coo, clean, tear, collect, dig, dress, get ready, wither, turn yellow, dry, drizzle.
DIDACTICAL GAMES AND EXERCISES
Grammatical structure of speech
Formation of nouns with diminutive suffixes
"Call me kindly"
Rain - rain, rain, sun - sunshine,
puddle - puddle, tree - tree,
wind - breeze, leaf - leaf, leaf, leaf,
cloud - cloud, forest - forest,
garden - garden, bird - bird.
Formation of the plural of nouns in the genitive case
"One is many"
A month - months, a tree - trees,
rain - rain, fruit - fruit,
puddle - puddle, vegetable - vegetables,
harvest - harvests, leaves - leaves,
garden - gardens, bird - birds,
vegetable garden - vegetable gardens, slush - slush,
umbrella - umbrellas, forest - forests.
Noun and adjective agreement “Say with the word “autumn””
The sky (what?) is autumn,
wind (what?) - autumn,
alley (which one?) - autumn.
The exercise is continued with the words: sun, cloud, rain, flowers, forest, weather, boots, day, morning, coat.
Formation of qualitative adjectives “Tell me what the weather is like?”
What is the weather like in autumn if it rains? - rainy,
... the wind is blowing - windy;
If it's cold outside, what's the weather like? - cold;
if it's cloudy - cloudy,
... damp - raw,
... gloomy - gloomy,
... sunny - sunny,
... clear - clear.
Formation of the plural of verbs, nouns and adjectives “One - many”
The autumn day has come - the autumn days have come,
there is a yellow leaf on the tree - there are yellow leaves on the trees,
a dark cloud is floating - dark clouds are floating,
there is a big tree - there are big trees,
it's cold rain, it's raining cold,
a strong wind is blowing - strong winds are blowing,
a warm jacket is hanging - warm jackets are hanging,
a flock of birds is flying - flocks of birds are flying.
Lexical structure of speech
Retelling the story "Autumn"
After summer comes autumn. Leaves on trees and bushes turn yellow, red, and fall off. The sky is often covered with clouds and it rains. They are not like in summer - warm and strong, but small and cold.
At the beginning of autumn there are still many warm days, the sun is still warm, and there are many flowers in the flower beds. This is golden autumn. It's beautiful all around. By the end of autumn, there are few sunny days, the sun does not heat well, and it becomes cold. The cold freezes the water, sometimes snow falls, but it melts from the daytime heat. Almost all the trees are bare, the flowers have withered. It's getting cold, so the birds fly south. These are migratory birds. Animals are also preparing for winter. Some go to bed for the whole winter, having stored up fat reserves over the summer (bear, hedgehog, badger), others change their fur coat to a warmer one (hare, squirrel), many animals store food for the winter (squirrels, mice).
Insects hide in old stumps, snags, and climb under the bark. The forest is quiet and deserted.
In the fall, the crops are harvested: vegetables in the garden, fruits in the garden.
People dress warmer: they put on jackets, hats, warm pants, sweaters, cover their heads with scarves, put on boots.
Search for antonyms for “Say the opposite”
Early autumn - late autumn,
a happy day is a sad day,
sunny day - cloudy day,
white cloud - black cloud,
... cold - hot,
... good - bad.
Search for the relevant concept
"I'll start, and you finish"
People are dressed in autumn, (what?) - ...;
schoolchildren go with their briefcases (where?) - ...;
the leaves on the trees have become (what?) - ...;
flowers in the flower beds (what did they do?) - ...;
birds fly away (where?) - ...;
animals do for the winter (what?) - ...;
people collect in forests, gardens, fields and vegetable gardens (what?) - ....
Constructing a monologue
“Tell me about autumn according to plan”:
1) when autumn comes;
2) autumn months;
3) signs of autumn in nature;
4) the beauty of golden autumn;
5) what birds and animals do in the fall;
6) human labor in the autumn period;
7) autumn clothes.
Finding factual errors
"Correct the mistakes"
Summer has passed and autumn has come. Cold winds blew, flowers withered, leaves blossomed on the trees. The animals began to make provisions for the winter: the hedgehog - honey, the squirrel - nuts, the bear - cabbage, the fox - apples. Birds flew in from the south.
The children put on their Panama hats and went out for a walk in the yard. They played hide and seek, made a snowman and fed crumbs to the birds.
A MINUTE OF REST
Autumn has come, the flowers have dried up,
And the bare bushes look sadly.
The grass in the meadows withers and turns yellow.
The winter crops are just turning green in the fields.
A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine.
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
The waters rustled like a fast stream.
The birds flew away to warmer lands.
A.N. Pleshcheev
Guess the riddles!
In the morning we go to the yard -
Leaves are falling like rain,
They rustle underfoot
And they fly, fly, fly. (Autumn.)
Dry - wedge, wet - damn. (Umbrella.)
They often call me, they wait for me,
And when I come, they hide from me. (Rain.)
Yellow leaves are flying,
They rustle underfoot.
The sun is no longer hot.
When does all this happen? (In autumn.)
All the trees have flown over,
Only spruce trees turn green,
It rains day and night,
Dirt and puddles at the gate. (Autumn.)
Outdoor game
"Hello, autumn!"
Host: Hello, autumn!
Children: dance in a round dance.
Hello autumn!
It's good that you came.
We, autumn, will ask you,
What did you bring as a gift?
Simulates making pies.
I brought you torment -
Children: So there will be pies.
Host: I brought you some buckwheat -
Children Porridge will be in the oven.
Simulates cutting vegetables.
Presenter Brought to you
vegetables -
Children For both soup and cabbage soup.
Presenter Are you happy about pears?
They spread their hands, showing a deck of honey.
Let's dry the children for the winter.
Presenter Brought honey too -
Children Full deck!
Host: And apples -
what honey! For jam, for compote.
Children: You and apples, you and honey,
You also saved some bread,
And good weather
Did you bring us a gift?
Host: Are you happy about the rain?
Children: We don’t want it, we don’t need it!
Who will get caught in the rain?
He'll drive now.
They run away, “hiding from the rain.”
Musical-rhythmic exercise
Autumn leaves
We are autumn leaves
We are sitting on the branches.
The wind blew and they flew.
We were flying, we were flying
And they sat quietly on the ground,
The wind came again
And he picked up all the leaves.
Twisted them, twisted them
And he lowered it to the ground.
Children accompany the poem with appropriate movements.
Finger gymnastics
"Autumn"
Autumn leaves scattered, (open and close fists)
I painted them with a brush. (Make smooth waves with your palms up and down.)
We’ll go to the autumn park, (They “walk” with the fingers of both hands.)
We will collect bouquets of leaves. (Cross palms with fingers spread.)
Maple leaf, aspen leaf, (Bend your fingers one by one, starting with the thumb)
Oak leaf, rowan leaf,
Red poplar leaf
He jumped down onto the path. (jump from the chair and land squatting on the carpet)
I. Mikheeva
Let's talk about the roles:
- Sun, sun, where are you from?
- I am from a golden cloud.
- Rain, rain, where are you from?
- I am from a thundercloud.
- Wind, wind, where are you from?
- I'm from the far side.
- Leaf, leaf, where are you from?
- From the birch country!
From the manual by G. Bystrova, E. Sizova, T. Shuiskaya
Zaklik
AUTUMN
Goals: to develop general speech skills, intonation expressiveness of speech, voice strength.
Autumn, autumn,
We ask for a visit.
Stay for eight weeks:
With abundant bread,
With the first snows,
With falling leaves and rain,
With a migrating crane.
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September
Autumn tedious rain is falling. The bushes and trees were soaked to the last leaf. The forest became silent and frowned.
And suddenly the autumn silence is broken by the furious, almost spring muttering of a black grouse!
The song thrush responded and whistled its song.
A droplet bird, a chiffchaff, was shading.
Bird voices were heard both at the edge and in the depths of the forest. These are farewell songs of birds. But joy can also be heard in farewell songs.
The forest is strange in September - spring and autumn are close together. Yellow leaf and green blade of grass.
Faded grasses and blooming flowers. Sparkling frost and butterflies. Warm sun and cold wind.
Withering and flourishing.
Songs and silence.
Both sad and happy!
Autumn is on the doorstep
- Forest dwellers! - the wise Raven shouted one morning. — Autumn is at the threshold of the forest, is everyone ready for its arrival?
Like an echo, voices came from the forest:
- Ready, ready, ready...
- But we’ll check it now! - Raven croaked. - First of all, autumn will let the cold into the forest - what will you do?
The animals responded:
- We, squirrels, hares, foxes, will change into winter coats!
- We, badgers, raccoons, will hide in warm holes!
- We, hedgehogs, bats, will fall into a deep sleep!
The birds responded:
- We, the migratory ones, will fly away to warmer lands!
- We, sedentary people, will put on down padded jackets!
“Secondly,” the Raven shouts, “autumn will begin to rip off the leaves from the trees!”
- Let him rip it off! - the birds responded. - The berries will be more visible!
- Let him rip it off! - the animals responded. - It will be quieter in the forest!
“The third thing,” Raven continues, “autumn will click the last insects with frost!”
The birds responded:
- And we, blackbirds, will fall on the mountain ash!
- And we, woodpeckers, will begin to peel the cones!
- And we, goldfinches, will get to the weeds!
The animals responded:
- And we will sleep more peacefully without mosquito flies!
“The fourth thing,” the Raven buzzes, “autumn will become boring!” He will catch up with dark clouds, let down tedious rains, and incite dreary winds. The day will be shortened, the sun will be hidden in your bosom!
- Let him pester himself! - the birds and animals responded in unison. - You won’t keep us bored! What do we care about rain and winds when we are wearing fur coats and down jackets! Let's be well-fed - we won't get bored!
The wise Raven wanted to ask something else, but he waved his wing and took off.
He flies, and beneath him is a forest, multi-colored, motley - autumn.
Autumn has already crossed the threshold. But it didn’t scare anyone at all.
On the great path
We were in a hurry to get into the forest before nightfall, but we didn’t have time. We spent the night in the field. The tent was tied to a telephone pole. Because the clouds in the sky are boiling: there will be a storm! And just as we settled in, it started to blow. The walls of the tent began to spring and hum. The wires overhead also hummed. It’s scary on a night like this in the bare steppe.
It buzzes around, roars, whistles, howls.
And suddenly we hear voices! Strange voices. It’s as if someone sighs heavily: “Oh! Oh! Oh!" And the other urged angrily: “But! But! But!"
Got out of the tent. It’s like diving into a black whirlpool: twisting, pushing, not allowing you to breathe. But I still made it out - voices from heaven! The birds are screaming.
Birds fly south and scream in the dark so as not to lose each other.
Big and strong fly high. And the small fry are different - squeaky voices, wet wings rattling! — they rush over the very ground. A whirlwind drives them away like torn leaves. Can't tell by the voices - what kind of birds are they? On migration, birds call in special, “road” voices, not similar to their usual call.
The wind tore the tent all night. Wires hummed. And the birds screamed in the darkness.
And in the morning there is silence. No clouds, no wind. The sun is peeking through. But nothing living is visible.
But the fox is running along the pillars. Yes, some kind of wonderful one - she runs and bows! He runs and bows, he runs and he bows. Bow - nose to the ground.
She reached us - stop! She opened her mouth, swerved, and walked along the ground so much that it seemed like she flew over the ground!
And when she swerved, she dropped a black lump from the pastiche. I went to have a look. And I see - a bird! And then there’s more under the wires. We hit the wires at night!
So that's why the fox bowed! A fox bow to every dead little bird.
How many birds are there! The red-breasted dawns fell on the dry weeds, and the weeds bloomed with orange flowers. The Easter cake fell into a puddle - the broken wing sticks up. The wind blows the dead sandpiper like a boat under sail.
There is a heater near the puddle. Thin fingers clenched into fists, apparently in pain...
The bird's path is long, long and difficult. Many more birds will be lost in the dark and will not respond to the call of flying flocks. A lot will fall into the teeth of foxes and the claws of hawks. But even more will arrive.
They will definitely arrive.
Happy journey to them!
Spider
A spider was descending from a tree on a cobweb. Yes, cleverly: he released a web and on it, like on a rope, he descended lower and lower. I walked over to get a better look at this acrobat. He hooked his finger on the cobweb thread above the spider, swung the spider in the air like a paper ball “scattered” on an elastic band, and began to lift it closer to his eyes. No such luck!
I pull the spider up by the web, and it unwinds the web and falls down. I pull faster, he unwinds faster. I move my hands, only my fingers flicker, and he releases the web and slides down. It’s as if I’m pulling the spool up by the thread: I pull, I pull, the thread unwinds, but the spool doesn’t move. It spins and spins, but not an inch upward!
I pull with all my might, but the spider is still below!
And then I thought that this way I’ll unwind the spider like a spool of thread! After all, it will dry up someday, will there be an end to its web? If he unwinds all over into a web, that’s the end of him. Why does the poor guy do this?
I cut off the web thread and let the spider fall to the ground. He rushed with all his eight legs. It’s great, you can immediately see that he’s not completely exhausted yet. There are still cobwebs left for the net to catch mosquitoes. Let him catch it: mosquitoes bite great!
Time
I've never thought about time before. It goes silently, flows invisibly. Hour after hour, day after day. Look, it’s already Saturday, and then it’s Sunday. Well, it’s good that it’s Saturday and Sunday!
Looking at the clock or looking at the calendar does not mean understanding time.
Mice and woodpeckers taught me to think about time.
I meet them in the forest all year round. Their whole life is before my eyes.
Birds and animals also have their quirks. Here is a vole mouse. This one is incredibly clean. Wash after meals and before meals, wash before bed and after sleep. If he yawns, he will wash himself, if he sneezes, he will wash himself, if he scratches, he will wash himself. After a game he washes himself, after a fight he washes himself. In the heat it washes, in the cold it washes. He will wash himself and wash himself.
Or a bat. This one loves to sleep. He sleeps soundly all winter for six months! Then he sleeps from sunrise to sunset. And at night, depending on your luck: a little rain - sleeps, the wind - sleeps, cold - sleeps. He gets enough sleep and dozes off.
Well, woodpeckers are hard workers. They bury their nose in the tree and hammer away. Whether it’s winter or summer, they hammer away. From dawn to dawn. In the bucket and in bad weather. All year round; as soon as noses don't break!
Some are washing, others are sleeping, others are hammering. Hour after hour, day after day. So imperceptible, but what if you think about it? And it turns out that a vole washes itself for half its life, a woodpecker spends three quarters of its life pecking, and a bat lives only the twentieth part of its mouse life—the rest of the time it sleeps!
The mice made me count time. What if all I do is sleep and hammer. And very simple!
It's a tedious autumn rain. The forest is quiet. Suddenly the forest silence is broken by the bright muttering of a black grouse.
The song thrush responded and whistled its song. A little warbler began to chirp. At the edge of the forest, in the depths of the forest, bird voices were heard. These are the farewell songs of birds.
Two owls, gray owls, settled in the hollow of a gnarled tree in the middle of a dense forest.
In early spring, a female tawny owl laid four round white eggs directly onto the rotting bottom of the hollow.
The owls flew out of the hollow only at night, when all the other birds were sleeping. Therefore, no one in the forest knew where these terrible night robbers lived.
The tiny kings with fiery yellow caps on their heads did not know this either. For a long time they searched throughout the forest for a quiet place for their nest. In the end they chose a tall fir tree right next to the gnarled tree where the owls were hiding. At the beginning of summer, when the owlets hatched in the hollow, the kinglets also made a nest for themselves.
High above the ground, at the very tip of the branch, they deftly wove flexible needles of pine needles.
It seemed to the owls from below that small branches were tangled into a ball on a wide spruce paw. It never occurred to them that in this ball there was a cozy round nest of moss, grass stems and strong horsehair. The kings covered the top of the nest with spruce lichen, wove thin cobwebs into the walls, and lined the inside with feathers; on this soft bedding the female laid eight pink eggs with brown specks, the size of a pea.
Less than two weeks had passed before naked babies began to flounder in the kings’ nest.
The owls had already grown up by this time. Old owls caught mice and birds in the forest at night, tore them into pieces and fed them to their hungry fluffy chicks. The owls became more and more voracious.
They loudly demanded meat for themselves even during the day, if their parents did not have time to feed them enough during the night.
Only now the little kings learned what terrible neighbors lived under their nest.
The kinglets were no larger than a dragonfly. With their weak beaks and paws, they could not defend themselves from the ferocious owls.
And yet the little birds remained to live next to the owl’s hollow. At night they climbed into their nest, covered the chicks with themselves and trembled with fear at every cry of the hungry owlets.
The owls scoured the entire forest, but did not notice the small nest of kinglets above their heads.
Finally, the owlets became covered in feathers, flew out of the nest and learned to get their own food. In the fall, the entire owl family scattered through the forest. Each owl chose a part of the forest for hunting and settled in it. At night, tawny owls silently flew patrol over their possessions.
If another owl flew into the forest among them, they pounced on it and beat it with their claws and beaks until the enemy fled.
At this point they no longer wondered whether the other owl was their daughter, sister, or mother. They were ferocious predators, each lived alone and gave no mercy to anyone.
And the kinglets waited until their chicks learned to fly, and the whole family moved to another forest. There they built a new nest for themselves and raised and fed the chicks for the second time that summer.
By autumn, both broods of kinglets united into one friendly family. And to make it more fun to spend the harsh, cold winter, they joined a flock of other birds wandering through the forest. This flock served as scouts.
From morning to night, the birds darted through the trees, looking into every crack and hole in the bark. Carpenter beetles, leaf beetles, and bark beetles hid there with their larvae and eggs.
The birds tracked and caught these little enemies of the forest.
And when they noticed a predatory animal or bird that they themselves could not cope with, they raised the alarm throughout the forest.
blue sky, twinkling stars, a school of cranes in the azure sky, the reflection of the sun in transparent drops of morning dew, gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, a purple cloud on a lilac bush, a delicate stalk and a blue bell of a snowdrop - I saw, and was amazed, and walked along earth, creating new beauty. Stop in amazement before beauty, and human beauty will bloom in your heart.
This is an excerpt from the fairy tale Four Artists: Four wizard painters somehow came together: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn; they came together and argued: whoWhich one draws better? They argued and argued and decided to choose the Red Sun as the judge: “It lives high in the sky, it has seen many wonderful things in its lifetime, let it judge us.”
Sunny agreed to be a judge. The painters got to work. The first to volunteer to paint a picture was Zimushka-Winter.
“Only Sunny shouldn’t look at my work,” she decided. “She shouldn’t see it until I finish.”
Winter has stretched gray clouds across the sky and let's cover the earth with fresh fluffy snow! One day I decorated everything around me.
The fields and hills turned white. The river became covered with thin ice, became silent, and fell asleep, like in a fairy tale.
Winter walks through the mountains, through the valleys, walking in large soft felt boots, stepping quietly, inaudibly. And she herself looks around - here and there she will correct her magical picture.
Here is a hillock in the middle of a field, the prankster took the wind from it and blew away the white cap. I need to put it on again. And over there a gray hare is sneaking between the bushes. It’s bad for him, the gray one: on the white snow, a predatory animal or bird will immediately notice him, you can’t hide from them anywhere.
“Dress up, too, the side-eyed one, in a white fur coat,” Winter decided, “then you won’t be noticed in the snow any time soon.”
But Lisa Patrikeevna has no need to dress in white. She lives in a deep hole, hiding underground from enemies. She just needs to be dressed up more beautifully and warmly.
Winter had prepared a wonderful fur coat for her, it was simply amazing: all bright red, like a fire! The fox will move its fluffy tail, as if it would scatter sparks across the snow.
Winter looked into the forest. “I’ll decorate it so much that the Sun will fall in love!”
She dressed the pines and spruce trees in heavy snow coats; she pulled snow-white hats down to their eyebrows; I put downy mittens on the branches. The forest heroes stand next to each other, stand decorously, calmly.
And below them, various bushes and young trees took refuge. Winter also dressed them, like children, in white fur coats.
And she threw a white blanket over the mountain ash that grows at the edge of the forest. It turned out so well! At the ends of the rowan branches, clusters of berries hang, like red earrings visible from under a white blanket.
Under the trees, Winter painted all the snow with a pattern of different footprints and footprints. Here is a hare's footprint: in front there are two large paw prints next to each other, and behind - one after the other - two small ones; and the fox - as if drawn by a thread: paw into paw, so it stretches in a chain; and the gray wolf ran through the forest, also leaving his prints. But the bear’s footprint is nowhere to be seen, and no wonder: Zimushka-Winter Toptygina built a cozy den in the thicket of the forest, covered the target with a thick snow blanket on top: sleep well! And he is happy to try - he doesn’t crawl out of the den. That’s why you can’t see a bear’s footprint in the forest.
But it’s not just animal tracks that can be seen in the snow. In a forest clearing, where green lingonberry and blueberry bushes stick out, the snow, like crosses, is trampled by bird tracks. These are chickens of the woods - hazel grouse and black grouse - running around the clearing here, pecking at the remaining berries.
Yes, here they are: black grouse, motley hazel grouse and black grouse. On the white snow how beautiful they all are!
The picture of the winter forest turned out well, not dead, but alive! Either a gray squirrel will jump from twig to twig, or a spotted woodpecker, sitting on the trunk of an old tree, will begin to knock out seeds from a pine cone. He’ll stick it into the crevice and hit it with his beak!
The winter forest lives. Snowy fields and valleys live. The whole picture of the gray-haired sorceress - Winter - lives on. You can show it to Sunny too.
The sun parted the blue cloud. He looks at the winter forest, at the valleys... And under his gentle gaze everything around him becomes even more beautiful.
The snow flared up and glowed. Blue, red, green lights lit up on the ground, on the bushes, on the trees. And the breeze blew, shook off the frost from the branches, and multi-colored lights also sparkled and danced in the air.
It turned out to be a wonderful picture! Perhaps you can’t draw it better. You need to make an outline of the text and copy each passage in detail! And write the names of the parts. In short, make an outline of the text.
