History of romance
Romance developed from Song; - This is a work of modern times. It appeared and took shape in the 15th century and 19th centuries. Romance came to Russia from Spain and soon acquired national traits. The genre of Russian romance appeared, which quickly became popular in the wake of the trends of romanticism. On its basis, in the first half of the 19th century, leading Russian composers created the genre of gypsy romance, which was subsequently refined and brought to a high level by the gypsies themselves.
In Russia, the most popular type of Russian romance is the urban romance, which is authorial in the way it is created, but folklore in the way it exists.
Features of vocal romance
The form of a romance is similar to a song; like the latter, it is written in a kneeling manner, but it does not necessarily have that quadrature, that evenness of bars that is pursued in the song. In the romance, deviations are allowed in the form of so-called extensions or insertions, transitions from one knee to another. The vocal part of the romance should have a clear and prominent melodic outline and be melodious. The refrain, or chorus, is most often absent in romance. Although there are exceptions, such as the work of A.S. Dargomyzhsky "Old Corporal" is a romance with a chorus in the form of a verse song. . In a romance, you should pay more attention to conveying the general mood of the text than to a detailed illustration of its details. The interest should lie chiefly in the melody and not in the accompaniment.
The romance is written for singing with the accompaniment of one instrument, mainly piano, and belongs to the category chamber music, although some romances are accompanied by an orchestra.
The main genre features of romance
- The content of the romance does not go beyond the lyrics. The text is dedicated to some experience, usually love.
- Romance is characterized by only one lyrical mood. However, the range of emotional states in the romance is so wide that each performer and listener has the opportunity to choose the one closest to him.
- Due to the fact that a romance usually expresses a love experience, it either has or implies an addressee, and therefore is initially dialogical in its very content.
- The presence of two heroes gives rise to one of the most important qualities romance - its intimacy, intimacy.
- Romance as a vocal and poetic genre is a three-faceted structure in which word, music and speech are equally significant.
Composers of romances
Schubert Franz, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Johannes Brahms, Hugo Wolf, Edvard Hagerup, Jules Massnell, Charles Gounod, Mozart are the best representatives of romance in the West. Of the Russian composers, Alyabyev, Varlamov, Gurilev, Verstovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky, Alexander Sergeevich, Rubinstein, Cui, Caesar Antonovich, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Bulakhov, Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov, Georgiy gave remarkable examples of this kind. Vasilievich Sviridov, Nikolai Karlovich Medtner, Boris Prozorovsky Pushkin
Romance in the opera
Romance is also found in operas (for example, Raoul’s romance in the first act of “The Huguenots”).
Instrumental romance
The form of romance passed into instrumental music entitled “romance sans paroles” (= “song without words”, “Lied ohne Worte”, “song without words”): it is a knee-length piece with a predominant melodic meaning. Such romances are written for piano (see Mendelssohn) or for some other solo instrument, with accompaniment.
Famous artists
- Agafonov, Valery Borisovich
- Bayanova, Alla Nikolaevna
- Isabella Danilovna Yurieva
- Anna Marley (Smirnova-Marley)
- Linchuk Liliya Vasilievna
- Oleg Pogudin
- Valentina Ponomareva
- Alexander Malinin
- Petr Leshchenko
- Evgeniy Leshchenko
- Leonid Utesov
- Leonid Serebrennikov
- Mikhail Morozov
- Yuri Morfessi
- Andrey Labinsky
Links
- Website Romansy.ru - poster of live concerts, romance competitions, romance schools, history of romance, online ordering of romance CDs, romance radio program, association of ancient Russian romance Izumrud
- Cui, C. A. Russian romance: an outline of its development . St. Petersburg: F. Findeisen, 1896. (Articles were first published in 1895 in Artist and in weeks.)
- The “Russian Romance” website presents on its pages information about the genre: styles, movements, composers, performers.
- Vadim Kozin - romances and songs
- Romances by Anna Marley - Russian romances in exile
- - a collection of performances of Russian romances and folk songs
- ACID-Romance, a new sound of romance from Evgeny Leshchenko and Mikhail Bantsev.
Examples of Romances
- Romances Two Roses, I Loved You, and Only Once performed by Victoria Lisina
- My fire shines in the fog..., Tear, Burn, my heart performed by Anna Smirnova-Marley
- Long Dear performed by Ariadne and Alexander Mogilko
Notes
Literature
- Nadir Shirinsky. Gods of the stage Russian Empire. Life on stage and behind the scenes. M., 2004.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
- Romance (literature)
- Mead
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A romance is similar to a song, but at the same time differs from it in some features, which, in fact, makes a romance a romance.
But first, a little about the history of romance and the origin of the term itself.
The term "romance", which originated in medieval Spain, originally referred to a common song in the Spanish (Roman) language. Romance –in Spanish. The content of the poem set to music was usually love and lyrical. This term later spread to other countries, but in some there remains one designation for the song and for the romance: for example, in Germany - Lied (song).
As a matter of fact, romance as a genre was formed later, and therefore did not require a special term, although it is obvious that it developed from the song. The first romances appeared around XV century, but the real flowering of the romance began in the second half XVIII V. And it contributed to this lyrical creativity poets Goethe And Heine, which in their lyrics expressed the depth of feelings and experiences that could not be expressed in a simple song: deep music was needed to express deep feelings. And such music appeared. National schools of romance also appeared, especially famous in Germany, France and Russia. But we will talk about the authors of romances in the next article, and in this one we will continue the story about the romance genre.
Signs of romance
As we have already said, a romance is similar to a song. But its difference from a song is its special melodiousness and clear, prominent melody. A romance usually does not have a chorus (refrain), although there are exceptions. In romance music, unlike songs, more attention is paid to mood (rather than rhythm, for example); the essence of romance is in the content of the poems and melody, and not in the accompaniment. Romances are usually chamber music (singing with the accompaniment of one instrument, usually the piano). But here, of course, there are exceptions - orchestral accompaniment.
Features of the romance genre
In a romance, words, music, and vocals are important at the same time.
A romance is a more intimate work than a song, so it can only be lyrical, while a song can be patriotic, heroic, etc.
Due to the fact that a romance usually expresses a feeling of love, the addressee is always present or implied in it, i.e. a romance, in a sense, must have a dialogue, even if it is internal.
Close to romance instrumental works“songs without words” in which the melodic line predominates. The most famous are “Songs without Words” by F. Mendelssohn.
Romance verses are usually melodic, melodious, touching and tender, or tragic.
Russian romance
Russian romance emerged as a genre in the first half XIX century, this was associated with the flourishing of romanticism in world, including Russian, literature. Composers played an important role in the development of Russian romance A. Alyabyev, A. Varlamov and A. Gurilev.
Among the best and most famous works Alyabyeva One can name the romance “The Nightingale” (1826) to the words of A. Delvig, “Winter Road”, “Two Crows” to the poems of A. Pushkin, “Evening Bells” to the words of I. Kozlov.
A. Varlamov created about 200 romances. Among them, the most famous are “Mountain Peaks” to the verses of G. Heine, “A blizzard is blowing along the street”, “A lonely sail is turning white” to the verses of M. Lermontov.
Romances A. Gurilyova imbued with romantic, sentimental moods, subtle lyricism, they are strongly influenced by Russian folk tradition. The most famous are “No, it’s not you I love so ardently” to the verses of M. Lermontov, “The bell rattles monotonously” to the verses of I. Makarov, “Mother Dove” to the verses of S. Nirkomsky, etc.
I. Yuryeva
Many Russian romances had a gypsy flavor both in content and in music. From classical Russian literature we know that gypsy singing was a favorite pastime of the Russian nobility.
Beginning of the 20th century called the “golden age” of Russian romance. Then listeners were captivated by the talent of A. Vertinsky, V. Panina, A. Vyaltseva, N. Plevitskaya, and later by Pyotr Leshchenko, Isabella Yuryeva, Tamara Tsereteli and Vadim Kozin.
Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky (1889-1957)
A. Vertinsky
Outstanding Russian entertainer, film actor, composer, poet and singer, pop idol in the first half of the 20th century. Father of actresses Marianna and Anastasia Vertinsky.
The life of A. Vertinsky is reflected in his era: acquaintance with the artists K. Malevich, M. Chagall, poets V. Mayakovsky, I. Severyanin, actress V. Kholodnaya, participation as an orderly in the First World War. He traveled all over the country with pop performances, and in 1920 he emigrated first to Constantinople, and then began wandering around the world.
He himself explained the reasons for emigration as follows: “What pushed me to do this? Did I hate Soviet power? Oh no! Soviet power She didn't do anything bad to me. Was I a follower of some other system? Not either: obviously, it was a passion for adventure and travel. Youthful carelessness." He lived and worked in Romania, Bessarabia, Poland, Germany, Paris, which he called his second home, here he met Charlie Chaplin, Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo. During these years, Vertinsky became friends with Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina and Ivan Mozzhukhin. Close friendship bound him to for many years and with Fyodor Chaliapin. Then there was the USA, China, Lebanon, Palestine... And only in 1943, after numerous appeals and requests, he was able to return to his homeland, Russia. Here he worked actively on the stage, including at the front. But, despite the singer’s enormous popularity, the official Soviet press treated his work with restrained hostility - soon after the end of the war, a campaign was launched against lyrical songs that allegedly led listeners away from the tasks of socialist construction.
But his numerous songs and romances became a new word in art, laying the foundation for Russian original song. Vertinsky's romances are still popular, but not every performer can convey their charm and aristocracy. Let’s name the most famous: “Your fingers smell like incense”, “Tango “Magnolia”, “Grey-Eye”, “Marlene”, etc.
N. Slichenko
IN Soviet era, especially since the late 1930s, romance was persecuted as a relic of the tsarist era, harmful to the builders of the socialist future. Many famous performers were silenced, some were repressed.
The revival of Russian romance began only in the 1970s. At this time, bright performers of romances became Valentin Baglaenko, Nikolay Slichenko, Valentina Ponomareva, Nani Bregvadze, Boris Shtokolov and others.
N. Bregvadze
Varieties of romance
Simultaneously with the Russian chamber-vocal classical romance, the everyday romance , designed for amateur singers. Here we can highlight cruel romance And urban romance.
Cruel romance
I. Pryanishnikov “Cruel Romances”
Originated around mid-19th century century, and the heyday was the last quarter of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
A cruel romance was born in the urban and suburban environment where the “philistines” lived: peasants, workers, poor traders, artisans. They began to create their own subculture, emerging from ditties, romance, dance (for example, quadrille), popular prints, etc. In the 20th century cruel romance gradually replaced the ancient song and became a favorite genre. Subsequently, the cruel romance served as one of the sources urban romance.
Unified definition of genre cruel romance No. But it has special features that make it stand out from the genre of classical romance: limited plot, everyday tragedy, ending mainly in murder, suicide, death from grief or unrequited love, etc.
Urban romance
It was formed almost at the same time as the cruel romance. The differences from cruel romance are also insignificant: urban romance is more harmonious from a literary point of view, performed mainly in a minor key. He was more influenced by gypsy romance, as well as operetta.
Evolved from urban romance thug song, author's song, and also Russian chanson.
Thieves song
A song genre that glorifies the difficult life and morals of the criminal environment, designed for prisoners and people close to the criminal world. It became widespread in the Soviet Union and subsequently in the CIS countries. For the first time, criminal songs were published on gramophone records in the 1930s. They were performed by the famous Leonid Utesov.
L. Utesov
In the 1930s and 1940s, songs appeared about the suffering of convicts in the Gulag. A song about people held in difficult conditions in camps on Kolyma in the Magadan region, “Vanino Port,” whose authorship has not yet been precisely established, appeared in the late 1940s and became the anthem of prisoners.
Musicologists find individual motives of the criminal song in early works Vladimir Vysotsky And Alexandra Rosenbaum.
A. Rosenbaum
In the 90s in Russia, many musicians and groups performed the criminal song on the stage. Famous songwriter Mikhail Tanich, who was in the camp during Stalin's time, created group "Lesopoval", who performed criminal songs and became popular.
The first composition of the group "Lesopoval"
Over time, songs began to appear in the genre of criminal music that go beyond the criminal theme, but retain it characteristic features: melody, jargon, worldview. This kind of music began to be called “Russian chanson”.
Russian chanson
Katya Ogonyok
IN beginning of XXI V. The criminal song that plays on radio and television is usually called Russian chanson. She became a phenomenon popular culture. The symbol of the new Russian “chanson” is the song “Vladimir Central” Mikhail Krug, its author has never been to prison, but uses stylization of the genre.
Willy Tokarev
In addition to the named artists, performers of Russian chanson are Katya Ogonyok, Vika Tsyganova, Willy Tokarev, the Butyrka group, Ivan Kuchin, Lyubov Uspenskaya, Mikhail Shufutinsky and many others.
In addition to the indicated types of romances, one can also distinguish noble romance, response romance, ironic, acting, White Guard, etc.
But let's return to the classic romance. It was and is included in their repertoire by many outstanding modern singers and actors: Yuri Gulyaev, Evgeny Dyatlov, Sergei Zakharov, Lyudmila Zykina, Alexander Malinin, Lyudmila Ryumina, Valentina Tolkunova, Klavdiya Shulzhenko, Dmitry Hvorostovsky and others.
D. Hvorostovsky
History of romance
The term "romance" originated in Spain in the Middle Ages, originally denoting a secular song in Spanish ("Romanesque") rather than a religious hymn in Latin. Soon it came into use in other countries, although in some countries romance and song are still denoted by one word (German. Lied, English Song) .
In the 19th century, vibrant national schools of romance emerged: German and Austrian (Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Wolf), French (G. Berlioz, J. Bizet, Massenet, Gounod), and Russian. Often composers combined romances into vocal loops: an early example is L. Beethoven (“To a Distant Beloved,” 1816), a mature example is Schubert (“The Beautiful Miller’s Wife” and “Winterreise”), later Schumann, Brahms, G. Mahler, Wolf and many others turned to this form composers, including Russians: Glinka, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov.
In the 2nd half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. examples of Czech, Polish, Finnish, and Norwegian national schools become noticeable. Along with chamber vocal classics, it developed everyday romance, designed for amateur singers.
In Russia
In Soviet times, especially since the late 1930s, romance was persecuted as a relic of the tsarist era, harmful to the builders of a socialist future. Leading performers fell silent or were repressed. The revival of the Russian school of romance occurred in the 1970s, when romances began to be performed by Nikolai Slichenko, Valentin Baglaenko, Valentina Ponomareva, Nani Bregvadze and other bright stage artists.
Features of vocal romance
The form of a romance is similar to a song; like the latter, it is written in a kneeling manner, but it does not necessarily have that quadrature, that evenness of bars that is pursued in the song. In the romance, deviations are allowed in the form of so-called extensions or insertions, transitions from one knee to another. The vocal part of the romance should have a clear and prominent melodic outline and be melodious. The refrain, or chorus, is most often absent in romance. (Although there are exceptions, such as the work of A. S. Dargomyzhsky “The Old Corporal” - a romance with a chorus in the form of a verse song). In a romance, you should pay more attention to conveying the general mood of the text than to a detailed illustration of its details. The interest should lie chiefly in the melody and not in the accompaniment.
The romance is written for singing with the accompaniment of one instrument, mainly the piano, and belongs to the category of chamber music, although some romances are accompanied by an orchestra. “Instrumental accompaniment in a romance is important, often being an equal element of a single whole with the vocal part.”
The main genre features of romance
- The content of the romance does not go beyond the lyric (exceptions: Mussorgsky, Dargomyzhsky). The text is dedicated to some experience, usually love.
- Romance is characterized by only one lyrical mood. However, the range of emotional states in the romance is so wide that each performer and listener has the opportunity to choose the one closest to him.
- In a romance, the melody is more closely connected with the verse than in a song, reflecting not only its general character and poetic structure, but also individual images, rhythmic and intonation particulars.
- Due to the fact that a romance usually expresses a love experience, it either has or implies an addressee, and therefore is initially dialogical in its very content.
- The presence of two heroes gives rise to one of the most important qualities of a romance - its intimacy and intimacy.
- Romance as a vocal and poetic genre is a three-faceted structure in which word, music and speech are equally significant.
Romance is also found in operas (for example, Raoul’s romance in the first act of “The Huguenots”).
The form of romance passed into instrumental music called "romance sans paroles"(= "song without words", "Lied ohne Worte", "song without words"): this is a knee-length piece with a predominant melodic meaning. Such romances are written for piano (see Mendelssohn) or for some other solo instrument, with accompaniment.
Text
Genre varieties of romance - ballad, elegy, barcarolle, romance in dance rhythms, etc. A romance poem is devoid of solid genre characteristics - usually it is small lyrical work, strophic, rhymed, with verses medium length, with a melodious type of intonation.
Famous romances
- Plaisir d'amour is a classic French romance written in 1784 by Jean-Paul Egide Martini with lyrics by Jean-Pierre Clary de Florian.
Notes
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Synonyms:- Chivilikhin, Vladimir Alekseevich
- Live Cream Volume II
See what “Romance” is in other dictionaries:
Romance- used in two meanings. 1. When applied to Spanish literature, R. from the Old Castilian adjective “romance” “romantic, common” denotes folk poems of a lyrical and epic nature, performed independently or under ... ... Literary encyclopedia
ROMANCE- (French). Song, lyric poem for singing with music; in music it occupies a place between song and ballad, having more melodic fluidity than song and less dramatic movement than ballad. Dictionary of foreign words included in ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
"Romance to I..."- Romance to I... "ROMANCE TO I...", early verse. L. (1831), addressed to N.F. Ivanova, like a number of other verses. 1830 31. Included in the circle of youthful poems by L., united by “providential” motives: persecution, exile, premonition of tragedy. outcome... Lermontov Encyclopedia
romance- Cm … Dictionary of synonyms
romance- a, m. romance f. it. romanza. 1. In various medieval Western European literatures and in the imitative poetry of later times, a lyrical love poem of a folk song type. BAS 1. The first inventors of troubadour romances... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
ROMANCE Modern encyclopedia
ROMANCE- (Spanish romance) musically poetic work for voice with instrumental (mainly piano) accompaniment, the most important genre of chamber vocal music. Some people also bear the name romance instrumental pieces melodious character... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Romance- (Spanish romance), a work for voice with instrumental (mainly piano and guitar) accompaniment. The main genre of chamber vocal music. Popular in Russia (named since the beginning of the 19th century), including gypsy romance, in others... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
With instrumental accompaniment. The origin of the romance is due to Spain, where the term “romance” itself arose, which at that time denoted a secular song in Spanish (Roman) not based on a religious plot, hence the name romance. IN late XIX century, the romance began to be performed solo with the accompaniment of a vihuela or guitar.
It is impossible to tell everything about Russian romance, because this genre is so loved by our compatriots, and a huge number of works have been created in this genre. Romance came to Russia from France in the second half of the 18th century. This period saw the heyday of Russian poetry and new genre in vocal art it came in handy, having absorbed characteristic Russian poetic features. The very concept of Russian romance appeared much later, when folk song melodies penetrated the minds of educated Social Democrats. It is in Russian folk art and the origins of the Russian romance as a separate genre are found in vocal art. Song creativity the middle of the 18th – 19th centuries, which has come down to us, is mostly represented by anonymous authors. In those days, this genre was transmitted orally, so both the words and the melody changed. Over time, people began to appear who tried to put together works of the new genre and record them. Perhaps they themselves brought something to these works. Later, many composers began to turn to the romance genre. The most famous Russian composers who wrote in the genre of Russian romance are Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Alyabyev, Varlamov, Glinka, Gumilyov, Dargomyzhsky, Cui, Sviridov and many others. A.S. Pushkin had a very strong influence on the development of Russian romance. Huge number romances written on his poems.
Subsequently, composers began to combine romances into vocal cycles, thereby creating larger works in form, which often used contrasting musical and poetic images, which would be impossible to fit into the size of one romance.
Further development of the romance genre in the 20th century begins with the expansion of new tasks: the development of new musical forms, a new synthesis of music and poetry. A new genre is emerging - “poem with music”. S.I. Taneev, S.V. Rachmaninov, N.K. Medtner, S.S. Prokofiev have such works. To achieve an approach to the intonations of natural speech, composers use both prose and works written in “blank verse”. Also, the instrumental part of the Russian romance begins to develop, this was especially clearly expressed in the piano parts, which, along with the melody and poem, performed an important musical-figurative function. Folklore themes also penetrate into the romance, which is clearly expressed in the work of composer I.F. Stravinsky. Next Soviet composers continue to develop classical direction vocally poetic genre, enhancing the song beginning in the Russian romance and bringing the romance closer to the song.
What is romance, history of romance
IN musical art There is a chamber genre that can rightfully be considered unique - its name is “romance”. This vocal miniature has been very popular since its appearance and reflected everything significant processes events occurring in the life of society. In our country, romance has a very difficult fate - it was banned, but it again triumphantly returned to concert stages. Nowadays, romance continues to delight listeners with its melody, sincerity and warmth.
What is romance?
A romance is a work of usually lyrical content, belonging to the chamber-vocal genre, it is written for the voice and an accompanying vocal part of an accompanying instrument.
A romance is similar to a song, but there are some differences that make it a romance.
- The romance is more melodious and its melodic line is very expressive.
- In a romance, everything is significant. The content of a poetic text should be melodic, touching, or sometimes even tragic. A beautiful and sensual vocal part is always closely connected with the text. The romance's accompaniment is a full-fledged participant in the ensemble.
- The form of the romance, like that of the song, is strophic, that is, verse, however, various kinds of expansions are possible here, and this suggests that musical periods romances can be either with even or with odd number beats
- There is usually no chorus in a romance.
Popular romances
"Nightingale"- music by A. Alyabyev, lyrics by A. Delvig. The romance, which belongs to the masterpieces of the chamber vocal genre, was written by Alexander Alyabyev while in captivity on a false charge of murder in 1825. Thanks to its soulful and surprisingly expressive melody, this vocal miniature has gained extraordinary popularity throughout the world. There are no virtuoso vocal passages in the musical original of the romance; they were subsequently added by the performers.
"Nightingale" - listen
"I remember a wonderful moment"- music M. Glinka, words by A. Pushkin. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka dedicated this pearl, which is a classic example of Russian romance, to Catherine Kern, for whom he had deep feelings. In turn,Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was inspired to create the magnificent poetic basis of the romance by Catherine’s mother, Anna Kern. The melody of the romance is elegant, soulful and melodious; it expressively reveals the romantic feelings of the lyrical hero.
“I remember a wonderful moment” - listen
"Among the noisy ball" music P.I. Tchaikovsky, words by A.K. Tolstoy. Written in the waltz genre, this vocal composition by the brilliant Russian composer immediately gained great popularity. The romance, which has a beautiful melodic line, is very expressive and lyrical, but most importantly, it is written so conveniently that it can easily be performed in home music playing.
“Among the noisy ball” - listen
"Shine, burn, my star..."- music by P. Bulakhov, lyrics by V. Chuevsky. Russian romance, recognized throughout the world, which has large number arrangements, both pop and “academic”. Despite the fact that the composition was composed in the middle of the nineteenth century, after the revolution it was banned, as it was very popular among White Guard officers.
“Shine, burn, my star...” - listen
"Black eyes" music by F. Herman, lyrics by E. Grebenka. This world-famous romance has been translated into many languages. The popularity of the composition is due to the fact that it is about passionate love that drives people crazy. It is useless to resist it, since such love is inexplicable, and it is stronger than death.
“Dark Eyes” - listen
History of romance
The history of romance dates back to the distant Middle Ages. Around the 13th, and perhaps in the 14th century, poets traveled along the roads of sunny Spain, composing and singing songs that were significantly different from the church chorales generally accepted at that time, performed in Latin. Firstly, the Spanish troubadours composed their texts on themes filled with love and lyrical content, for example, they told about the exploits of brave knights in the name of sublime love for beautiful ladies. Secondly, these songs were performed in “romance”, as the Spanish language was then called, and thirdly, they were distinguished by their special melodiousness. Gradually, such melodic poems set to music became widespread in countries neighboring Spain. There, troubadours also composed so-called “secular” poems - ballads telling about important historical events, about exploits folk heroes, and, undoubtedly, love lyrics occupied an important place among their poetic creations. The minstrels, in the Spanish style, began to decorate all this with elegant melodies and sing them to the musical accompaniment of some instrument, calling their songs romances. More than one century has passed, and the term “romance” is firmly rooted in different countries, denoting both a melodious poem of a lyrical nature and a work characterizing the genre of vocal music.
The prosperity of romance occurred in the second half of the 18th century, when such great poets as I. Goethe, G. Heine, and F. Schiller worked. Many composers willingly used their works, full of lyricism, reflecting deep feelings and spiritual impulses, as a literary basis for their chamber vocal compositions. For example, the outstanding Austrian composer Franz Schubert, who laid the foundations of musical romanticism, wrote 60 of his vocal works to the words of Goethe and 40 to the words of Schiller. Schubert passed the baton to others composers of the 19th century centuries and romance schools were formed in Europe, the prominent representatives of which in Austria and Germany were I. Brahms, R. Schumann, and H. Wolf, and in France - G. Berlioz, J. Bizet, C. Gounod and J. Massenet. Romantic composers in their work clearly gave preference to the romance genre, since it was in it that they could turn to inner world person, reflect his emotional experiences. In addition, for expansion expressive means in the description storyline And poetic images the authors combined their vocal miniatures into cycles, since this made it possible to give a more detailed description of the main characters. Among the most popular combined vocal compositions, special mention should be made of such cycles as “To a Distant Beloved” L.V. Beethoven, « Beautiful miller's wife" And " winter journey"F. Schubert, "The Love of a Poet" and "The Love and Life of a Woman" by R. Schumann.
It is important to note that in the 19th century the romance genre received intensive development in Russia, and in the second half of the century in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Norway and Finland. He was vividly represented in the works of B. Smetana, A. Dvorak, K. Szymanowski, J. Sibelius, E. Griga.
In the 20th century, such remarkable Western European composers as C. Debussy, A. Schoenberg, M. Ravel, M. de Falla, F. Poulenc, D. Milhaud.
Romance in Russia
Nobody can now answer the question of when “romance” came to Russia, but art historians suggest that it happened in the second half of the 18th century. However, the fact that he arrived in our country from France is reliably known, since the term “romance” was originally used to refer to vocal piece lyrical content, written on poetic text on French. It should be noted that at that time Russian composers wrote quite a lot of vocal miniatures based on poems by French authors. True, similar works were also composed in Russian, but they were called “Russian songs.”
Having taken root on fertile soil, “romance” quickly began to merge with Russian culture, and soon this word began to be used to describe lyrical, sensual, love songs, created not only by composers, but also simply by amateur musicians. In those days, there was widespread interest in amateur music-making and songwriting. Representatives of the nobility and people of various ranks considered it obligatory to have some kind of household items. musical instrument: violin, guitar, harp or piano. At the same time, romantic sentiments dominated in European and, accordingly, Russian art. In such favorable conditions in the first half of the 19th century, the genre of Russian romance was formed, the most important role in the development of which amazing Russian poetry played, represented by the work of such brilliant poets as V. Zhukovsky, E. Baratynsky, A. Delvig, K. Batyushkov, N. Yazykov, A. Pushkin, and then M. Lermontov and F. Tyutchev. The founders of Russian romance are rightfully considered to be the composers A. Alyabyev, A. Varlamov, A. Gurilev and P. Bulakhov. Following them are talented masters of the chamber vocal genre, who with their creativity raised vocal miniature to the heights of truly classical art, among them M. Glinka, A. Borodin, A. Dargomyzhsky, M. Mussorgsky, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev, S. Rachmaninov. Further, the traditions of great composers continued R. Gliere, Yu. Shaporin, N. Myaskovsky, and in Soviet times D. Shostakovich, S. Prokofiev, G. Sviridov.
