Dal Museum. State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after V. I. Dahl. Personal archives of the Literary Museum

State Literary Museum in Moscow (Moscow, Russia) - exhibitions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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The State Literary Museum in Moscow is one of largest museums of such a profile in the world: its collection contains more than 500 thousand items. The history of Russian literature from its origins to the present day is the main purpose of the museum. The official slogan reads: “We preserve the past - we create the future,” and everyone who comes to Trubnikovsky Lane, 17 can be convinced of the validity of at least the first part. The complete collection of “TASS Windows” and Prishvin’s car, manuscripts of Pushkin and rare photographs poets Silver Age, magnificent paintings by Lermontov and rings by Mayakovsky and Lily Brik - these are just a tiny part of the museum’s interesting things.

Among other things, the Literary Museum has twelve branches - house-museums of Russian writers.

A little history

The State Literary Museum in Moscow dates back to 1934 - then the first collection of exhibits related to the Lenin Library was organized literary creativity Russians and Soviet writers. The state supported the young museum and within ten years its collections contained more than 1 million items. In 1968, the museum became the country's leading literary museum, and by 1995 it owned twenty buildings in the center of Moscow. Today the main exhibition is housed in a building on Trubnikovsky Lane; In addition, the museum includes the houses of Herzen, Chekhov, Lermontov, Pasternak, Chukovsky, Prishvin and other Russian writers.

The museum's exhibition includes Turgenev's manuscripts and drafts of "The Lady with the Dog", Turgenev's sketches on the letterhead of the "English Hotel" in Athens, and the manuscripts of Yesenin, Kharms and Akhmatova.

What to see

The State Literary Museum owns truly unique funds. The main interest of visitors is usually the collection of manuscripts. The exhibition features original letters from Ostrovsky and Herzen, Turgenev’s manuscripts and drafts of “The Lady with the Dog,” Turgenev’s sketches on the letterhead of the “English Hotel” in Athens, and manuscripts by Yesenin, Kharms and Akhmatova.

The hall of memorial objects of Russian writers invites you to admire the rings of Mayakovsky and Lily Brik (the first - with chaotically arranged letters L, Yu and B), Vertinsky’s desk and A. Ostrovsky’s paper folder embroidered with golden ears, Yesenin’s “parrot” ring and Bunin’s pen, Gogol's skull cap and Fadeev's writing instrument.

A collection of paintings of more than 2000 paintings presents portraits of Russian writers and canvases that came out from under their hands, in a collection of photographs and negatives you will see privacy Tolstoy and Yesenin, Mayakovsky and Blok, and among the exhibits of the collection of decorative and applied art - death masks Akhmatova, Shevchenko and Dostoevsky.

Address, opening hours and cost of visiting

Address: Moscow, Trubnikovsky lane, 17.

Opening hours: Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday - from 11:00 to 18:00, on Tuesday and Thursday - from 14:00 to 20:00; Monday and the last day of each month are days off.

Entrance - 250 RUB, pensioners and students - 100 RUB, persons under 16 years old admission is free.

Prices on the page are for October 2018.

Art

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Even though it was not the capital of our state either in the “Golden” or in the “Silver” age of Russian literature, Moscow has always remained the home of many greats. Writers and poets worked in rented rooms in narrow alleys, got married in ancient churches, and dedicated their lines to the streets of the Mother See. Descendants make sure that authors who have already stood the test of time are known not only by humanities scholars, but also by the youngest residents of the current capital, its guests, who may be far from the world of literature. It is very important to be familiar with the works of Pushkin, Bulgakov, Tsvetaeva, but it is no less valuable to learn a little more about their lives. Perhaps the decoration and location of the apartment, favorite walking routes, places of meetings and circles will help to better understand certain of their ideas and thoughts. There are almost three dozen writers' museums in Moscow. Among them there are real houses of masters of the Russian word, there are memorial exhibitions, there are simply dedications based on creativity. We have chosen for this review the most significant and interesting ones, although there are others, we are sure that everyone will find something to learn for themselves.

The memorial office of Valery Bryusov was created by the widow after the death of the poet, critic and writer in the house where he lived for fifteen years. He remained here, in the old mansion at number 30 on Prospekt Mira, until the very last days. A few decades later, the building was restored, and in 1999, the Bryusov House Museum in Moscow, a museum of the “Silver Age,” opened there as a branch of the State Literary Museum.

It is not for nothing that the exhibition now bears such a general name, because it is unique: these are colossal funds of manuscripts, collections and visual documents. Their basis, of course, was Bryusov’s huge library. It contains priceless rare books literary contemporaries of the poet (with their personal autographs!), almanacs, files of magazines and newspapers from the beginning of that very “Silver Age”. The diaries and drafts of Valery Bryusov himself are also presented as exhibits. The widest exhibition is decorated with examples of paintings and graphics by Korovin, Polenov, Sudeikin, Burliuk. Here you can see theatrical sketches of Malevich, Mayakovsky, plaster busts of Tsvetaeva, Yesenin, Pasternak, photographs and cartoons of those years. In the Bryusov House-Museum in Moscow, one exhibition is entirely dedicated to the work of A.S. Pushkina: Valery Yakovlechich, like many prominent writers of the Silver Age, more than once turned to Pushkin’s theme. The historical interior of the owner's office was restored based on the memories of relatives and friends.

Life in this museum is in full swing, almost as it was then, during the development of many literary circles and associations: in addition to thematic excursions, unusual lectures and vibrant musical and poetry evenings are held here.

On the day of the centenary of the birth of the great poetess in 1992, the House-Museum of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was opened in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow. In a two-story building mid-19th century century, the brightest representative of the “Silver Age” lived with her family from 1914 to 1922.

Unfortunately, and despite the colossal work of the museum staff and enthusiastic researchers of the poetess’s work, there are not many personal belongings of Tsvetaeva in the collection. Just to be able to survive in the terrible, poor and cold times in post-revolutionary Russia, Marina Ivanovna sold most of her valuables and rarities. It is known that an expensive piano was exchanged for a pound of black flour, and the stove was simply heated with antique furniture, cut into chips. Thank God, Tsvetaeva’s descendants, collectors and caring people from all over the world try to replenish the exhibition from time to time. Among such gifts to the foundation are books of the 19th-20th centuries, family photographs, even personal letters, postcards with autographs and, what is especially valuable, manuscripts, lifetime collections of the poetess, postcards with her autographs. In the house-museum you can see a dressing table, an antique wall mirror, drawings and toys of children, numerous portraits of Tsvetaeva painted famous artists of that time - real everyday objects that surrounded the artist of the word. One of the exhibitions is dedicated to life path her husband - Sergei Efron and his family.

Strong spirit, excuse the pun, a courageous woman and her subtlest poems live in this house, as does the atmosphere of that amazing literary and cultural era of which she was a part. Moreover, the museum acts as a cultural and creative center.

The opening of the Sergei Yesenin Museum was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth. In 1995, enthusiastic researchers donated the first collected collection to the city. The Yesenin Museum in Moscow acquired official status already in 1996. The poet’s father, who then worked in the butcher shop of merchant Krylov, lived in the museum building. Alexander Yesenin met young Sergei in 1911, straight from Ryazan here. Here the future great Russian poet was to live for seven years. And this house is the only official place of residence and registration in the capital.

The central “exhibit” of Yesenin’s house in Moscow was an unusually decorated memorial room. She was placed behind glass wall, - as a kind of voluminous and informative museum value. For visitors we visualized life and creative path poet. A special exhibition “Yesenin as part of world culture” was also created here. It is interesting that during the excursions, videos are shown, they use the rarest chronicles of the beginning of the last century.

Imagine the beginning of the 19th century and a noisy bachelor party of young Russian nobles, with sparkling punch, creaking boots and clinking glasses, with epigrams and cartoons that made you blush, with fervent laughter. Let's move our “bachelor party” to house No. 53 on Arbat. Why here? And if you place a stocky man at the center of the entertainment young man with curly hair reading his poetry? Yes, here in an old two-story mansion in 1831 there was a rented apartment for Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and here he was incredibly happy. The very next day after the party we described, the house found its hospitable owner: in the Church of the Great Ascension, Pushkin married Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Their wedding dinner and first family ball took place here on Arbat. The poet’s particular calm and happiness during this Moscow period was witnessed by his contemporaries who visited him. Their portraits now adorn memorial museum-apartment A.S. Pushkin

But this memorable place was not immediately open to the public. For a very long time, communal apartments were occupied at this address, as at most other Moscow ones. Only a sign on the facade, installed in 1937, reminded residents that Pushkin lived here. Only in 1986 was the house on Arbat restored to officially open the museum-apartment - the memorial department of the State Museum of A.S. Pushkin.

Over the years and events, almost no exact data has been preserved about what the decoration was like in Pushkin’s apartment in Moscow. Creative researchers decided not to “artificially” recreate the interior, but to limit themselves to some common decorative elements characteristic of the era - chandeliers and lamps in the Empire style, cornices and curtains. The surviving personal belongings of the poet are here: Pushkin’s desk, Goncharova’s table, lifetime portraits spouses. On the ground floor of the museum there is an exhibition “Pushkin and Moscow” about the difficult, but at the same time very warm relationship between the “Sun of Russian Poetry” and the capital.

It doesn’t often happen that you can actually visit a cult place from your favorite book. You just need to come, for example, to house number 10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. Here, in apartment 50, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov lived for several years. Here he wrote his first stories, the image of this setting froze in his memory for for many years. In the “bad apartment” No. 50, shrouded, according to the writer’s recollections, in a mystical atmosphere, heroes live, meet and disappear famous novel"The Master and Margarita".

Bulgakov's apartment museum was officially opened recently - in 2007. Before that, from the beginning of the 90s, the Foundation named after him was located in a memorable place. Bulgakov. The museum's collection consists of Mikhail Afanasyevich's personal furniture, household items, books, manuscripts, photographs, paintings and records, preserved and donated by the writer's relatives and friends. The exhibition is presented very interestingly. Eight halls introduce us to the era of the 20s–40s, the personality of the author and his literary heroes. Not only is Bulgakov’s room recreated here, but there is also a “Communal Kitchen”, the “Editorial office of the newspaper “Gudok”, where the writer worked, is presented, “The Blue Office” conveys the atmosphere of the writer’s last home in Nashchokinsky Lane.

In the “Bad Apartment” you can listen to a guide who will tell you in detail about the house, its inhabitants and, of course, the great writer of the 20th century. The museum premises are also used as the stage of the Komediant Theater; concerts and poetry evenings, forums on creative heritage Bulgakov and photo exhibitions. The museum-apartment is located on the 4th floor. Do not confuse the memorial with the private cultural center “Bulgakov House” on the first one.

Much earlier than others in Moscow - in 1954 - the house-museum of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was opened. Now it is a branch of the State Literary Museum. On Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, in a two-story stone outbuilding built in 1874, Chekhov lived for almost four years. That period became a time of incredible inspiration and creative growth. In the house on Sadovaya he wrote almost a hundred stories and plays.

Based on the memoirs and sketches of contemporaries, the museum has almost thoroughly restored the environment in which the writer worked. Today you can see how he lived: his office, bedroom, sister and brother’s rooms. There are books by the playwright translated into different languages ​​of the world, the walls are decorated with photographs and graphics with views of Chekhov’s beloved Moscow at the end of the century before last. Many of Anton Pavlovich’s personal belongings have a whole history. For example, on the desk of a doctor-writer there is a bronze inkwell with the figure of a horse. It was given to him by a poor patient, with whom Chekhov not only did not demand money for consultations, but also gave money for further treatment. A photograph of his favorite composer Tchaikovsky, with a personal autograph, was very dear to his heart.

Chekhov's family donated manuscripts and documents to the state, which formed the basis of the exhibition housed in three halls of the museum. One of the rooms is entirely dedicated to the writer’s trip to Sakhalin. And the main hall of the Chekhov House-Museum in Moscow is not only an exhibition hall, but also a concert hall. The Chekhov Theater troupe plays here. You can look at the rarest posters for performances of that time, postcards with outstanding actors playing in plays based on Chekhov's works, programs, photographs of Chekhov in the acting environment, reviews of his contemporaries on his drama.

An architectural monument of Russian classicism, created by I.D. Gilardi, based on the drawings of D. Quarenghi, - the building of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor - a place of pilgrimage not only for connoisseurs of the art of construction. The wing of the hospital was used, among other things, for the resettlement of its workers. The two-room apartment on the ground floor was occupied by the family of the doctor Dostoevsky. His son Fedor, born in the wing opposite, lived with his father and mother from 1823 to 1837. At the age of less than 16, he left Moscow for the then capital - St. Petersburg.

What is surprising is that the apartment where the great artist of words absorbed images and impressions from childhood was never rebuilt. The museum on Bozhedomka was opened back in 1928. Today, the street on which this house No. 2 stands is named after the author of The Brothers Karamazov. The collection is based on the most valuable items and documents carefully preserved by Dostoevsky’s wife, Anna Grigorievna. The interior of the rooms was restored according to the memoirs of the writer’s brother. The exhibition includes family furniture, decorative items, such as bronze candelabra, lifetime portraits of F.M.’s parents and relatives. Dostoevsky and even little Fedya’s very first book - “One Hundred and Four Selected Stories of the Old and New Testaments.”

Already outside the walls memorial apartment, but in the building of the former hospital, which became the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow, the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow State University and professional historians assembled the exhibition “The World of Dostoevsky,” introducing visitors to how Fyodor Mikhailovich lived and worked. There is also a lecture hall here.

The memorial setting of Korney Chukovsky's dacha has been almost completely left in the form it had during his lifetime. A two-story house on Serafimovich Street in Peredelkino keeps the secrets of creating many works for adults and children, because Korney Ivanovich lived here for almost thirty years. The museum collection includes household items of the writer, translator and literary critic, a large library of books and documents, including autographs of Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, Gagarin and Raikin, a collection of toys - gifts from children admired by his fairy tales. The house-museum was opened in 1996 in the writers' village.

The museum in Peredelkino is artistically filled with interesting exhibits and illustrations of the storyteller’s work: here is a miracle tree with shoes, and here is an old black telephone, which was probably used by an elephant. After looking in the mirror of the magic box, you need to make a wish. Here you can also see the cartoon “Telephone”, voiced by Korney Ivanovich himself.

In Zamoskvorechye, that rare area of ​​our metropolis, where to this day, by some miracle, the original appearance and charm of ancient streets has been preserved, the A.N. Museum was opened in 1984. Ostrovsky. It was here that the great Russian playwright was born. This is not even a house, but rather a two-story wooden manor early XIX century, around which a marvelous garden blooms from the first days of spring until almost mid-autumn.

The home environment that existed during the writer’s lifetime has been restored almost completely. There is a pleasant atmosphere of measured life. On the ground floor of the house Ostrovsky's belongings are collected: pieces of furniture (including his father's rare collection), books, family portraits. In addition, many items in the museum collection allow the visitor to learn the history of Moscow at that time, the customs and tastes of its inhabitants, and through this, perhaps, better understand the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. On the second floor, unique items related to stage productions of the playwright's works are exhibited. These are manuscripts, old posters, photographs of actors, sketches of scenery. As many as two halls are reserved specifically for the iconic plays “Dowry” and “The Thunderstorm”.

The Museum of the writer Leo Tolstoy in Moscow is located on Prechistenka. With him at the Museum Academy for Children preschool age“Ant Brothers” conducts developmental classes on an ongoing basis, as well as theatrical clubs for school students of different ages. It has its own lecture hall and cinema hall, library, second-hand bookstore, connected, of course, with the life and work of Lev Nikolaevich. Also, in order to unite literary scholars and writers, and professionals from other museums, art connoisseurs, the literary club “Lewin” was created at the museum.

Today the main thematic excursions of the museum are “ Father's house. The Youth of a Genius,” “Legends and Creation of the Tolstoy Family,” “Pages of Life,” “Earth and Heaven,” “War and Peace.”

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State Literary Museum

The State Literary Museum is one of the world's richest repositories of manuscripts, literary materials, drawings and sketches for literary works. The museum is the world's leading scientific center, which conducts research on domestic and foreign literary works, as well as the main methodological center of this profile in Russia.

Over the years of the institution's existence, the museum's funds have accumulated many exhibits - literary archives of writers and figures of Russian culture. different eras, engravings with views of old Moscow, pictorial portraits of government, scientific and cultural figures, handwritten and printed spiritual publications, civil press of the era of Tsar Peter, lifetime publications with autographs of the authors, materials related to the history of Russian classical and modern literature. In total, the museum's archives contain over 700,000 exhibits.

History of the Moscow Literary Museum

The year of foundation of the museum is considered to be 1934. Then it was decided to create a single Literary Museum on the basis of the Central Museum of Literature, Criticism and Journalism and the museum at the library named after. Lenin. But the beginning of the museum’s history took place three years earlier, when the famous revolutionary and cultural figure V.D. Bonch-Bruevich created a commission to prepare for the creation of the Central Literary Museum and began selecting a collection of exhibits for it.

A building was allocated for the new museum, which was located next to the library named after. Lenin. Even then, the Literary Museum was the largest in the world and contained 3 million archival documents. Later most documents stored in the museum were transferred to the Central Archives. Bonch-Bruevich continued to actively supervise the work of the museum and fill its manuscript collections. In 1951, many documents from the KGB archives were transferred to the museum. These were book manuscripts and literary materials selected from repressed writers. They were not put on display and were considered as additional funds of the museum.

The museum grew and developed; already in 1970 it occupied 17 buildings located throughout Moscow. In 1995, their number increased to 20.

The main exhibition of the museum concerns the history of Russian literature of the 18th-19th centuries. It is located in the former palace of the Naryshkin princes, located on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Exposition of the period Soviet literature is located in the building of the Ostroukhov Gallery.

Departments of the Literary Museum

The museum has several departments that present independent exhibitions relating to the life and work of outstanding Russian and Soviet writers, and also reflect the main periods of the development of Russian literature. The structural parts of the museum are the house-museums of Lermontov, Herzen, Pasternak, Chekhov, Chukovsky, Prishvin; museum-apartments of Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Lunacharsky. The Silver Age Museum is also of interest.

All departments of the museum are engaged educational activities. Many interactive excursions have been developed here for visitors of different ages. Many educational excursions are especially designed for children. They are invited to try writing with quills, touch papyrus and lamb skin, which were previously used as paper, and hit the buttons of the typewriter on which K.I. wrote his poems and fairy tales. Chukovsky. High school students are invited to literary salons 19th century, where are they in game form plunge into the atmosphere of the salon, solve puzzles, riddles, anagrams, make up charades, try themselves in the art of rhyming and epigrams.

Personal archives of the Literary Museum

Dostoevsky Archive;
- Chekhov's archive;
- Fet archive;
- Garshin archive;
- Leskov’s archive;
- Belinsky archive.

The State Literary Museum is the world's largest collection of materials related to literary activity Russian and foreign writers.

State Museum history of Russian literature named after V. I. Dahl (State Literary Museum) has a rich and complex history. According to the author of the concept of the country's central literary museum, Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1873–1955), the idea of ​​the museum was formed back in 1903, when he was in exile in Geneva.

The history of the present GMIRLI named after V.I. Dahl goes back to the creation of two museums dedicated to the heritage of the great Russian classics. The Moscow State Museum named after A.P. Chekhov was founded in October 1921, its collections are now in the funds of the State Historical Museum named after V.I. Dahl, which dates back to this date and is preparing to celebrate its centenary in October 2021.

The initiative to create a museum of another Russian classic, F. M. Dostoevsky, was also put forward in 1921, on the eve of the writer’s centenary. The Dostoevsky Museum was founded in 1928, and in 1940 it became part of the country's main literary museum.

Of particular importance in the history of the V. I. Dahl State Historical Museum of Lithuania is the creation of the Central Museum in 1933 on the initiative of V. D. Bonch-Bruevich fiction, criticism and journalism. Its stock collections included museum objects acquired, inter alia, as a result of the work of the State Commission established in 1931 to identify monuments of literature and art of the peoples of the USSR located abroad. To ensure the work of the commission, significant financial resources were allocated, including from gold and foreign exchange reserves. If we consider how difficult the period was for the USSR at the turn of the 1920s–1930s, it becomes obvious that the creation and development of the main literary museum of a literary-centric country was the most important state task.

July 16, 1934 by order of the People's Commissar of Education Central Museum fiction, criticism and journalism was abolished, and instead the State Literary Museum was created, which, according to this order, no longer had legal autonomy and was included in State Library USSR named after V.I. Lenin. A difficult period began in the work of the country's main literary museum, which soon managed to regain its status as an independent cultural institution.

By the end of the 1930s, the museum's collection numbered hundreds of thousands of relics - manuscripts, books, documents, photographs, paintings, graphics, decorative and applied arts, and memorial items. It was then that many valuable collections appeared in the museum, a highly professional team was formed, and intensive scientific and publishing activities began.

In 1941, by decision of the government, most of the manuscripts from the museum’s collection were confiscated and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Main Archival Directorate, subordinate to the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs. Despite this, thanks to intensive collecting work, the museum eventually again became one of the largest custodians of historical materials Russian literature.

On July 26, 1963, according to the order of the USSR Ministry of Culture, the museum officially received the status of “the leading museum, which is entrusted with coordinating the research and exhibition work of single-profile museums in the country and providing them with advisory and methodological assistance.” Over the next decades, with the direct participation of employees of the country's flagship literary museum, dozens of museums were created in different regions USSR, including large and now widely known ones, many permanent exhibitions of leading literary museums were updated. In 1984, the museum was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

In 2015, at the suggestion of the museum, the Initiative Group of Leading Literary Museums of Russia was formed, and then the Association of Literary Museums, which since 2018 has been operating as a section of the Union of Museums Russian Federation.

In April 2017, the country's flagship literary museum received a new official name: the State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after V. I. Dal. This name fully corresponds not only to the modern mission of the largest literary museum in the country, but also to the plans of the creator of the scientific concept of the museum, V.D. Bonch-Bruevich, who believed that the cornerstone condition for the existence of such a large cultural institution should be a combination of the functions of five cultural institutions: the museum itself , as well as an archive, library, research institute and scientific publishing house.

Today, the museum’s collection amounts to over half a million storage units, which made it possible to create more than ten memorial exhibitions, now known not only to Russians, but also far beyond the borders of our country: “Museum-apartment of F. M. Dostoevsky”, “House-Museum of A. P. Chekhov”, “House-Museum of A. I. Herzen”, “House-Museum of M. Yu. Lermontov”, “Museum-Apartment of A. N. Tolstoy”, “Museum of the Silver Age”, “House-Museum of M. M. Prishvin" in the village of Dunino, House-Museum of B. L. Pasternak" in Peredelkino, "House-Museum of K. I. Chukovsky" in Peredelkino, "Information and cultural center "Museum of A. I. Solzhenitsyn" in Kislovodsk "

As part of the V. I. Dahl State Medical Institute there are two exhibition areas in the departments “House of I. S. Ostroukhov in Trubniki” and “ Apartment house Lyuboshchinsky-Vernadsky", which is also the central administrative building.

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT TASKS

1. Repair and restoration work and re-exposition of the department "House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov".


2. Creation on the basis of the department of GMIRLI named after V. I. Dahl "Museum of the History of Literature of the 20th Century", which will include exhibitions dedicated to writers from different aesthetic directions and destinies - and those who were officially recognized in Soviet era(A.V. Lunacharsky), and persecuted, banned writers (O.E. Mandelstam), as well as authors of the Russian diaspora (A.M. Remizov).


3. Opening of the Museum Center as part of the V. I. Dahl State Medical Institute for the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky "Moscow House of Dostoevsky".


4. Creation of a modern integrated depositary, which will open an innovative “Museum of Sounding Literature” and organize open storage of museum objects.


5. Comprehensive modernization and re-exposition of the “Museum of the Silver Age” department and the creation on its basis Museum Center "Silver Age".


6. Creation of V.I. Dahl as part of GMIRLI National Exhibition Center "Ten Centuries of Russian Literature", in which for the first time in Russian museum practice a permanent exhibition on the history of Russian literature will be created.

MISSION OF THE MUSEUM

Absolutely all literary museums of the Russian Federation, except for GMIRLI, including the largest ones, are dedicated either to the work of one major writer, or to a certain period in the development of literature, or to a group of writers representing a certain region. Therefore, a museum presentation of the entire history of Russian literature is exclusively part of the mission of GMIRL.

This fact has always been recognized in the past; it is enough to return to the two quotes that precede this concept as epigraphs. And Vera Stepanovna Nechaeva (one of the founders of the F. M. Dostoevsky House-Museum, the oldest museum department, now part of the State Historical Museum of Lithuania), and Klavdia Mikhailovna Vinogradova (long-term head of the A. P. Chekhov House-Museum - a department of our museum) in one voice says that main task The flagship literary museum of the country is the creation of a unified historical and literary exhibition.

V. S. Nechaeva writes in 1932 that “The restructuring of literary museums has barely begun; for its successful promotion, it is necessary to move on to the creation of a museum of literature, reflecting the course of development of the historical process in Russia.”

K. M. Vinogradova 30 years later, in 1961, emphasizes that “the museum has begun to prepare an exhibition on the history of Russian literature from ancient times to our present day. However, the lack of premises deprives him of the opportunity to develop this exhibition in full.”

We have to admit that this problem has not been solved to this day and remains the main component of the GMIRL mission.

Back in the 1960s, the then State Literary Museum was officially vested with the powers of the All-Russian Scientific and Methodological Center in the field of organizing work and methodological assistance in the development of all literary museums in the country. By order of the USSR Ministry of Culture dated July 26, 1963 No. 256, the museum was approved as “the head museum, which is entrusted with coordinating the research and exhibition work of single-profile museums in the country and providing them with advisory and methodological assistance.”

Over the past decades, similar assistance has been provided to more than fifty literary museums, some of which were created with the direct participation of specialists from the flagship museum (sometimes based on exhibits transferred from its collection), or new exhibitions were opened in these museums with the assistance of the flagship museum.

Nowadays, the implementation of this component of the GMIRLI mission is acquiring special meaning, since the task is to organize network interaction of literary museums using modern means of communication and electronic technologies.

It is for these purposes that in 2016, on the initiative of GMIRLI and the State Museum of A.S. Pushkin, the Association of Literary Museums was created as part of the Union of Museums of Russia.

The initiative group for the creation of the Association, in addition to the initiators - GMIRLI and GMP, included the largest literary museums of Russia: the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy (Moscow), the State Memorial and Nature Reserve "Museum-Estate of L.N. Tolstoy" Yasnaya Polyana"", State Museum-Reserve of M. A. Sholokhov, State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve of I. S. Turgenev "Spasskoye-Lutovinovo", Oryol United State Literary Museum of I. S. Turgenev, State Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany" , All-Russian Museum A. S. Pushkin (St. Petersburg), State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. N. Ostrovsky “Shchelykovo”, Historical and Cultural, Memorial Museum-Reserve “Cimmeria of M. A. Voloshin” in Crimea, Ulyanovsk Regional local history museum named after I. A. Goncharov, State Literary and Memorial Museum of Anna Akhmatova in Fountain House(St. Petersburg), State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin (Moscow Region), Samara Literary and Memorial Museum named after. M. Gorky.

In recent years, this task has acquired particular importance: specialized federal programs have been created at the state level to promote the development of interest in reading: the National Program for the Support and Development of Reading, the Program for the Support of Children and Youth Reading in the Russian Federation.

In these programs, GMIRLI not only takes an active part, but in many cases also performs the functions of an initiator and developer of individual events. An example of the active participation of the museum in solving the problems of popularizing reading is the large-scale research exhibition project “Reading Russia”, implemented by the museum in 2015, which was officially declared the Year of Literature in the country.

The practice of recent decades shows that the process of creating new literary museums is quite slow, and their organization requires serious resources. In addition to the availability of collections, significant funds are also needed for the arrangement of memorial premises. For last decade very few museum initiatives were supported modern writers, among them - A. I. Solzhenitsyn, V. I. Belov, I. A. Brodsky, V. G. Rasputin. This means that a huge layer of modern literature is outside of museumification. Relics associated with the life and work of such major writers as, for example, Bella Akhmadulina or Fazil Iskander, at best end up in the property of collectors, and at worst disappear from cultural use altogether. In recent years, GMIRLI has gained fame not only as a popular platform for meetings, presentations, discussions related to modern literature, but also as a resource center for museumification of the heritage of recently deceased, and in some cases living, major writers. This means writers modern era, who were born, lived and worked not only in metropolitan centers, but also in all regions of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the functions of centralized presentation of the museum history of literature in different regions of the Russian Federation, described in the fourth component of the GMIRLI mission, the task of presenting and promoting domestic literature abroad is also very relevant. There is no doubt that it is GMIRLI that is the most universal resource center for organizing exhibitions, scientific and cultural projects dedicated to Russian literature in museum, scientific, exhibition and educational centers in foreign countries.

The volume and structure of the museum's collection allow us to prepare and implement international projects of the highest level. Over the past few years alone, similar exhibitions have been held in Germany, France, the USA, England, China, Hungary, Spain and other countries; exhibitions prepared in partnership with leading foreign museum organizations have also been held in Russia. Among the largest international projects recent years- Russian-German-Swiss exhibition “Rilke and Russia” (2017–2018, Marbach, Zurich, Bern, Moscow), exhibition “Dostoevsky and Schiller” as part of the festival “Russian Seasons” (2019, Marbach).