A subculture is a community of people whose beliefs, views on life and behavior are different from the generally accepted ones or are simply hidden from the general public, which distinguishes them from the broader concept of the culture of which they are an offshoot. The youth subculture appeared in science in the mid-50s of the 20th century. Because traditional societies develop gradually, at a slow pace, relying mainly on the experience of older generations, to the extent that the phenomenon of youth culture relates primarily to dynamic societies, and was noticed in connection with “technogenic civilization”. If earlier culture was not so clearly divided into “adult” and “youth” (regardless of age, everyone sang the same songs, listened to the same music, danced the same dances, etc.), but now “fathers” and “children” have serious differences in their value orientations, in fashion, in methods of communication, and even in their lifestyle in general. As a specific phenomenon, youth culture also arises due to the fact that the physiological acceleration of young people is accompanied by a sharp increase in the duration of their socialization period (sometimes up to 30 years), which is caused by the need to increase time for education and vocational training, meeting the requirements of the era. Today, a young man early ceases to be a child (in terms of his psychophysiological development), but in terms of social status, he does not belong to the world of adults for a long time. Adolescence is a time when economic activity and independence have not yet been fully achieved. Psychologically, youth belongs to the world of adults, and sociologically to the world of adolescence. If in the sense of saturation with knowledge a person matures much earlier, then in the sense of position in society, the opportunity to say his word, his maturity is delayed. “Youth” as a phenomenon and sociological category born of industrial society, is characterized by psychological maturity in the absence of significant participation in adult institutions.
The emergence of youth culture is associated with the uncertainty of the social roles of young people and uncertainty about their own social status. In the ontogenetic aspect, the youth subculture is presented as a developmental phase that everyone must go through. Its essence is the search for social status. Through it, the young man “practices” in playing the roles that he will later have to play in the world of adults. The most accessible social platforms for specific youth activities are leisure, where you can show your own independence: the ability to make decisions and lead, organize and organize. Leisure is not only communication, but also a kind of social game; the lack of skills in such games in youth leads to the fact that a person considers himself free from obligations even in adulthood. In dynamic societies, the family partially or completely loses its function as an instance of socialization of the individual, since the pace of change in social life gives rise to the historical inconsistency of the older generation with the changing tasks of modern times. Upon entering adolescence, a young man turns away from his family and seeks those social connections that should protect him from alien society. Between a lost family and a society that has not yet been found, the young man strives to join his own kind. The informal groups thus formed provide the young person with a certain social status. The price for this is often the abandonment of individuality and complete submission to the norms, values and interests of the group. These informal groups produce their own subculture, which differs from the culture of adults. It is characterized by internal uniformity and external protest against generally accepted institutions. Due to the presence of their own culture, these groups are marginal in relation to society, and therefore always contain elements of social disorganization and potentially gravitate toward behavior deviating from generally accepted norms.
Quite often, everything is limited only by eccentric behavior and violation of the norms of generally accepted morality, interests around sex, “parties,” music and drugs. However, this same environment forms a countercultural value orientation, the highest principle of which is the principle of pleasure, enjoyment, which serves as the incentive and goal of all behavior. The entire value grid of the youth counterculture is associated with irrationalism, which is dictated by the recognition of the truly human only in the natural, that is, the dissociation of the “human” from the “social” that arose as a result of the “monopoly of the head.” The consistent implementation of irrationalism defines hedonism as the leading value orientation of the youth counterculture. Hence the morality of permissiveness, which is the most important and organic element of the counterculture. Since the existence of the counterculture is concentrated on “today”, “now”, then hedonistic aspiration is a direct consequence of this.
Subcultures may differ in age, race, ethnicity and/or class, and gender. The traits that define a subculture may be aesthetic, religious, political, sexual, or any other nature, or a combination of these. Subcultures usually arise as an opposition to the values of the broader cultural movement to which they belong, but theorists do not always agree with this opinion. Fans of a subculture can demonstrate their unity by using a different style of clothing or behavior, as well as specific symbols. That is why the study of subcultures is usually understood as one of the stages of the study of symbolism, regarding clothing, music and other external preferences of fans of the subculture, as well as ways of interpreting the same symbols, only in the dominant culture. If a subculture is characterized by systematic opposition to the dominant culture, then it is defined as a counterculture. Currently, in the youth environment of our country, three leading categories of subculture can be distinguished, the first of which is formed by young people engaged in small business (majors). They are focused on “easy” money making and a “beautiful life.” They are characterized by business acumen and a fairly well-developed sense of corporate spirit. They are characterized by moral relativism, as a result of which the activities of such groups are quite often associated with illegal business and crimes.
The second category consists of “lubers”, “gopniks”, etc. They are distinguished by strict discipline and organization, aggressiveness, professing a “cult of physical strength,” a pronounced criminal orientation, and in many cases, connections with the criminal world. Their “ideology” is based on primitivized socialist ideals, colored by “criminal romance.” The basis of the activities of such groups is petty racketeering and speculation. Groups of this kind, as a rule, are well armed, not only with chains, knives, brass knuckles, but also with firearms. The youth criminal associations described above in conditions of political instability pose a significant danger, since they are quite flexible material, and at any moment they can become a tool for the activities of political organizations of radical and extremist orientation.
Modern youth, however, consists not only of informals. The third category consists of the so-called "yuppies" and "non-yuppies." These are people from middle- and low-income families, distinguished by purposefulness, seriousness, pragmatism, independence of judgment, assessment and activity. They are focused on ensuring material wealth in the future and moving up the social and career ladder. Their interests are concentrated in the field of education, as a necessary springboard for successful advancement in life. The way they dress is business-like classic style and emphasized neatness. "Yuppies" as a rule do not have bad habits, take care of their health by engaging in prestigious sports. They are characterized by the desire to “make money” and a successful career as businessmen, bankers, and lawyers.
Hippies are a specific subgroup of a subculture that emerged in the United States in the early sixties of the twentieth century, which quickly spread throughout all countries of the world, and practically disappeared by the mid-seventies. In the original, hippies were part of a youth movement made up almost entirely of white teenagers and fairly young adults between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five who inherited the cultural rebellion of the bohemians and beatniks. Hippies disdained established concepts, criticized the values of the middle class and acted as a radical opposition to the use of nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War. They made popular and illuminated aspects of religions other than Judaism and Christianity that were practically unknown at that time. Hippies literally pushed through the sexual revolution; they encouraged the use of psychedelic drugs in order to expand human consciousness. Hippies created unique communes where their values were cultivated.
Punk is a subculture based on the musical passion for punk rock. Since breaking away from the broader rock 'n' roll movement in the mid-to-late seventies, the punk movement has spread throughout to the globe and began to develop in a great variety of forms. Any subculture arises only on the ruins of the previous movement, this is what happened in the seventies with the change of hippie-punk. The touching, almost ethereal, ideals of the hippies were swept away by the unbridled energy of destruction represented by punk. Punk culture is distinguished by its own style music, ideology and fashion. It is reflected in fine arts, dance, literature and cinema. Punk itself consists of many smaller subcultures, such as street punk, heavy punk and others. Punk maintains a close relationship with other subcultures such as gothic and psychobilities; supporters of this movement oppose commercialization, which is one of the main mechanisms of capitalism.
Youth subculture
Youth subculture is a set of values, traditions, and customs inherent in young people, for whom leisure and recreation are the leading forms of life activity that have replaced labor as the most important need. The youth subculture is characterized by attempts to form: - its own worldview; - unique manners of behavior, styles of clothing and hairstyles, forms of leisure, etc. The subculture of youth is formed under the direct influence of the culture of “adults” and is conditioned by it even in its countercultural manifestations. She also has her own language, special fashion, art and style of behavior; becomes an informal culture, the bearers of which are informal teenage groups. The youth subculture is largely surrogate in nature - it is full of artificial substitutes for real values: extended apprenticeship as pseudo-independence, imitation of adult relationships with a system of domination and domination strong personalities, ghostly participation in the adventures of screen and literary heroes instead of realizing one’s own aspirations, and finally, flight or rejection of social reality instead of its reconstruction and improvement. One of the ways to escape from reality, as well as the desire to be like adults, is drug use.
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See what “Youth subculture” is in other dictionaries:
Youth subculture- a system of values and norms of behavior, tastes, forms of communication, different from the culture of adults and characterizing the life of adolescents and youth. (Pedagogy. Textbook, edited by L.P. Krivshenko. M., 2005. P. 417) See also Informal associations of children ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary
YOUTH SUB-CULTURE- – a special “whole form of consciousness”, mass behavior, communication and organization younger generation within the dominant culture in society. M.s. determines the lifestyle and way of thinking of boys and girls, and its bearers are distinguished by their... ... Terminological juvenile dictionary
Cyber Goths Subculture (lat. sub under and cultura culture; subculture) concept (term) in social... Wikipedia
A special sphere of culture, a sovereign integral formation within the dominant culture, distinguished by its own. value system, customs, norms. The culture of any era has relative integrity, but in itself it is heterogeneous. Inside… … Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
SUB-CULTURE is a concept that came to philosophy and cultural studies from sociology, which studies the specifics of various population groups, and ethnography and ethnology, which studies the life and traditions of countries and regions, in their customs far removed from European... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
A system of norms and values that distinguish a group from the majority of society. S. (subculture) is a concept characterizing the culture of a group or class that differs from the dominant culture or is hostile to this culture (counterculture).... ... The latest philosophical dictionary
Y; and. 1. Subtropical crop, subtropical plant. 2. Book. Part, type of culture in general or cultural, professional community, etc. people. S. intelligentsia. Molodezhnaya village * * * SUBCULTURE SUBCULTURE (English subculture, from ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
SUBCULTURE- (from Latin sub under and culture), a set of specific. social psychol. characteristics (norms, values, stereotypes, tastes, etc.) that influence the lifestyle and thinking of certain nominal and real groups of people and allow them to realize and... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia
Youth culture and subculture- - a system of VALUES, ATTITUDES and types of behavior that are common to a group of young people and different from those of other young people or society as a whole. Sociologists have studied youth subcultures in Great Britain. Features of such subcultures... ... Dictionary-reference book for social work
YOUTH CULTURE- (YOUTH CULTURE) In the last sixty or so years, "youth" has become a more defined category in most Western countries. Young people began to develop their own culture and a distinct social identity that more clearly distinguished them from... Sociological Dictionary
Books
- Informal youth subculture, S. I. Levikova. The book reveals the essential content of the phenomenon of informal youth subculture, its socio-philosophical, ethical, cultural aspects. In Part I, based on extensive...
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Subculture concept
What are modern youth associations, what are they based on and how do they influence the formation of the personality of adolescents and young people - these are the questions that most teachers ask. The answers to them, we hope, will tell adults how to use the attributes and elements of youth subcultures for pedagogical purposes.
Subculture concept
On one of the Internet sites there is a list of common phrases modern man, for which in 1990 a person was threatened with ending up in a psychiatric hospital. For example, “I’ll call you back from the forest.” Another example: in a bookstore, up to two-thirds of books have titles and genres that were impossible a couple of decades ago.
In the lives of teenagers, boys and girls, young people, these socio-technical innovations and cultural influences take shape in the form of modern youth subcultures and activities.
Subculture – these are patterns of behavior, life styles, specific values and their symbolic expression of any social group.
Not only age cohorts and special layers of youth have their own subcultures, but also professional groups. Subcultures Doctors, astronauts, actors, TV people, teachers have them... The usual teacher words “window”, “clock”, “rusichka”, “extension” are not understood by all representatives of other professions. Try to decipher the slang of TV journalists: “brick”, “canned food”, “live”, “ruler”, “parquet”... Distinctive cultural features are also inherent in political associations: the subculture of the same communists is not very similar to the subculture of liberals.
Youth subculture – These are patterns of behavior, clothing styles, musical preferences, language (slang), specific values and their symbolic expressions characteristic of groups of young people (12−25 years old).
Youth subcultures have existed for a long time, at least since the second half of the twentieth century. In our country, they attracted the attention of society and the media in the 1980s. In those years, bearers of such special cultural practices were usually called participants in informal youth associations. Most famous examples– hippies, punks, rockers, metalheads.
The main socio-psychological feature of informal youth associations is symbolization appearance, lifestyle, behavior, in particular, clothing, speaking style. For example, long hair hippies are not only long hair, but also a symbol of freedom; the English-language layer of hippie slang is an orientation towards Western patterns of behavior; an apartment where informal people gather is not just a room, but a flat, where everyone is their own, united by an unpretentious style of everyday life.
Gromov Dmitry Vyacheslavovich, candidate of psychological sciences “Youth subcultures”The predominant orientation of those youth and youth groups was asocial. Asocial, but not antisocial! Asociality in this terminology is interpreted as non-acceptance of the norms of appearance, behavior, communication, and pastime prevailing in official society. While antisociality is the orientation of an individual, a group that contains an aggressive principle opposing society and tends to merge with a criminal culture.
The number of young people, teenagers belonging to youth subcultures 15–20 years ago, even in big cities, was small. According to a number of surveys in the early 1990s, 1-3% of boys and girls definitely considered themselves to be informal groups.
In the 2000s, significant changes occurred and are occurring in youth culture. First of all, this is the increase, the growth of youth groups, united by new, sometimes very unusual, types of activities, such as role playing games(role-playing), mountbacks, fire shows, photocrosses, city games (watches, encounters, quests), parkour, street dancing, street balls, graffiti, paintballs, bikers, stretchers. Some of these groups, the same bikers and racers, significantly go beyond the youth age.
Sometimes a subculture of its own arises around such activities: its own clothing traditions (the same cap for mountain bakers or gloves for fire fighters), its own idols, gathering places, traditions, rules of “hanging out.” But often young men and teenagers, getting carried away new activity, do not perceive themselves as belonging to any special group. For them, activity is just activity.
Modern youth subcultures
Main distinctive features modern youth subcultures are, firstly, an increase in the number of activity associations (that is, those in which some specific, relatively new youth activity is organized); secondly, the immersion of modern youth subcultures in the vastness of the Internet, where they look for “their own,” organize meetings and events, identify idols, and use its capabilities to organize relevant activities.
From a pedagogical point of view, several bases for classification can be identified modern subcultures.
First of all, this is the attitude of a particular youth subculture to the social values accepted in society. We can talk about three social and value orientations of youth subcultures:
- procultural (prosocial) subcultures: majority musical styles and role-playing games);
- antisocial: hippies, punks, metalheads, emo;
- countercultural (antisocial): youth groups close to the adult criminal subculture, skinheads in their radical form.
Another basis for classification is the measure of inclusion in lifestyle young man activity beginning. Based on this criterion, it is possible to divide youth subcultures into behavioral and activity-based.
Behavioral subcultures include those in which the main features (the core of the subculture) include styles of clothing, appearance, behavior, and communication characteristic of representatives of these groups. For these communities of teenagers and young people, constant involvement in any activity is not an important group characteristic (for example, goths, emo, hipsters).
Activity subcultures include those teenage, youth, youth communities in which the main feature is a passion for specific youth activities that require individual activity to one degree or another (for example, role-players, parkour artists, graffiti artists).
Modern youth activities themselves, which are more or less subcultural in nature, can be divided into sports, art activities and games.
Sports activities:
- parkour – cross-country with natural obstacles in a populated area;
- mount bake – jumping and “acrobatic” exercises on special (“mountain”) bikes;
- frisbee - throwing a plastic disc;
- sox (footbag) - games with small balls filled with sand;
- skateboarding – exercises on a board with rollers;
- snowboarding – exercises on a board on a snowy slope.
Art activities:
- streetdance – dance styles, developing the traditions of breakdancing;
- fire show - juggling with luminous objects, including fire;
- graffiti - drawing on buildings, fences, etc. in a specific visual technique.
Games:
- role-playing games - role-playing by a group of people of situations based on the content of a book (or film) in the form of spontaneous actions of player characters corresponding to the original plot;
- historical reconstruction - role-playing games played out on location historical events;
- urban orienteering (encounters, photocross, patrols, etc.) - games in the form of competition between teams in orienteering in a real rural or urban environment, completing tasks along the route;
- computer online games.
But let us repeat: participation in these types of activities does not necessarily mean that a boy or girl belongs to one or another subculture; often the activity remains just an activity.
Reasons why subcultures are attractive
At the personal level, youth subculture is a way of compensating for a negative attitude towards oneself, lack of self-esteem, non-acceptance of one’s own body image and behavior style (including inconsistency with masculine and feminine standards).
The fact of joining a subcultural group allows you to exaggerate your dissimilarity, giving yourself an aura of exclusivity and specialness.
Socio-psychological reasons are associated with the emotional attractiveness of the informal lifestyle, which does not (unlike the normative, school one) impose increased demands on focus, dedication, and responsibility.
We can talk about three groups of probable consequences, trends in the influence of youth subculture on the socialization of a young person:
- a positive tendency is manifested in the development of social roles in a group, social and cultural self-determination, creative self-realization (in specific subcultural forms), social trials and social experimentation;
- a socially negative tendency is found in joining criminal or extremist subcultures, alcohol and drugs;
- the individual negative tendency manifests itself in the avoidance of social and cultural self-determination, self-justification of infantilism, and escape from social reality.
Determining which trends prevail in a particular subculture, and even more so in the life of a particular young person, is very difficult.
Sources and influence
There are several sources for the emergence of a subculture in Russian youth reality.
It's no secret that over the past 15–20 years daily life adults and children has changed a lot. The transition to a market-oriented social system, accompanied by openness to Western (Europe, the United States of America) and Eastern (Japan, Korea) cultures, has shaken and even dissolved many traditions, values, and stable relations of Russians. No less a force changing people's lives was the new scientific and technological revolution, embodied, first of all, in the phenomena of the computer, the Internet, and the mobile phone.
One of the ways of broadcasting youth subcultures is their relatively spontaneous spread. However, spontaneous spread is often a by-product of the completely purposeful activities of social institutions: the media, parties, fashion distributors, etc.
Another way is for youth and commercial organizations to take spontaneously existing forms of youth leisure and turn them into completely organized ones (for example, a commercial street dance competition). And this process requires special technologies. According to experts, when interacting with potentially positive informals, it is necessary to maintain at least three rules: negotiate with leaders, provide them with funds and opportunities for actions, events (time, platforms, technical means) and agree on restrictive norms of behavior and activity (which should be minimal!) during organized events.
From the standpoint of social education, that is, education in schools, camps, structures additional education, we can distinguish three main pedagogical strategies in relation to specific types of youth activities: not to notice, to expect spontaneous penetration into social life and then work with it or purposefully analyze the educational potential of youth activities and use it in the interests of personal development.
Educational potential of youth subcultures lies in the fact that the forms, types, directions of teenage and youth activities that have arisen in the non-pedagogical sphere, including in the sphere of free communication of young people, which have the potential, with appropriate pedagogical instrumentation, of a socially positive nature.
The practice of modern education rather timidly comes into contact with such teenage and youth realities. Moreover, most often this contact occurs in situations summer camps, in children's public associations and much less often at school.
Mikhail Lurie " Youth subcultures a way to yourself or an escape from reality"Probably one of the main questions, the solution of which will show whether practical pedagogy is coming to terms with the lives of modern teenagers and high school students or whether they (pedagogy and life) are increasingly moving away from each other, is whether class teachers and educators will acquire the desire and ability to see, pedagogically comprehend and involve new youth activities and hobbies into the circle of their actions.
Sergey Polyakov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk.
Top 10 youth subcultures, according to the American agency toptenz.net
,
a youth subculture that emerged in the United States in the 1960s. The movement flourished in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Initially, hippies protested against the puritanical morality of some Protestant churches, and also promoted the desire to return to natural purity through love and pacifism.
,
stylistic direction in rock music (a variant of “new wave grunge metal”) and youth subculture, which has become one of the most noticeable phenomena alternative rock late 1980s - mid 1990s. The birthplace of grunge was the city of Seattle (USA, Washington state), the most prominent representatives of which are four Seattle bands: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Nirvana and Soundgarden. These groups are known as the "Seattle Four". Grunge refers to heavy music along with heavy metal and hard rock.
,
the emo subculture can be classified as the latter new style, although it looks very similar to goth and glam rock. Inspired stripes with long names, such as The Day My Dog Went to Town, sickly young men everywhere decided to wear their hair slicked to the side, neckerchiefs, black eyeliner, and jeans hugging their legs.
,
youth subculture that emerged in the mid-70s in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia, characteristic features which are a critical attitude towards society and politics. The name of the famous American artist Andy Warhol and the Velvet Underground group he produced is closely associated with punk rock. Their lead singer Lou Reed is considered the founding father of alternative rock, a movement that is closely related to punk rock.
Chik,
The style is revived every few years, with the latest one still in full swing, Johnny Depp and Justin Timberlake- bright representatives, plaid trousers, sneakers and a T-shirt tucked into trousers.
Rockers,
Rockers emerged in the mid-60s and reached their peak in the late 60s and early 70s, both in England and on the continent. Rockers come primarily from families of unskilled workers, without education, and often from single-parent and “problematic” families.
A rocker's clothes are a leather jacket, worn jeans, rough big shoes, long hair combed back, sometimes tattoos. The jacket is usually decorated with badges and inscriptions. The main element of the rocker subculture is the motorcycle, which is also decorated with inscriptions, symbols and images. The motorcycle is a symbol of freedom, power and intimidation, the main source of obtaining strong sensations. At the same time, rockers highly value technical knowledge and driving skills.
Gansta,
Gangsta Rap began its development in the late 80s. This trend originates in hardcore rap. The gangsta rap style featured a hard, noisy sound. Lyrically, it was as sharp as rappers' crude tales of urban unrest. Sometimes the texts were accurate representations of reality, and sometimes they were simply comics filled with exaggeration. This direction became the most commercially successful in the history of hip-hop from the late 80s to the early 90s. During its development, gangsta rap became the source of considerable controversy, as some conservative organizations tried to ban the distribution of albums by these musicians.
New Romantic (Glam Rock),
musical movement that emerged in Britain in the early 1980s and (as part of new wave) had a noticeable impact on the development English pop rock scenes. “New Romanticism” arose as an alternative to the asceticism of punk culture and not only did not carry social protest, but also (according to the Virgin Encyclopedia of 80’s Music) “celebrated glamor
Oiler,
an outgrowth of British Teddy Boy culture - can be described as: Skinny jeans, tight T-shirts and slicked back hair. Jukeboxes, cocktail bar and travel in cars.
Dandy Flapper,
Dandy Flapper girls prevailed. Red lipstick, hair stuck to the head with hairspray and sequined dresses were the order of the day for girls, and for men only a tweed suit with a bowler hat.
Hippie, a youth subculture that emerged in the United States in the 1960s. The movement flourished in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Initially, hippies protested against the Puritan morality of some Protestant churches, and also promoted the desire to return to natural purity through love and pacifism. Grunge, stylistic direction in rock music (a variant of “new wave grunge metal”) and youth subculture, which became one of the most noticeable phenomena of alternative rock in the late 1980s - mid-1990s. The birthplace of grunge was the city of Seattle (USA, Washington state), the most prominent representatives of which are four Seattle bands: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Nirvana and Soundgarden. These groups are known as the "Seattle Four". Grunge refers to heavy music along with heavy metal and hard rock. 
Emo, The emo subculture can be classified as the latest new style, although it is very similar in appearance to goth and glam rock. Inspired by strips with long names like "The Day My Dog Went to Town," sickly young men everywhere decided to wear their hair slicked to the side, neckerchiefs, black eyeliner, and leg-hugging jeans. 
Punk, a youth subculture that emerged in the mid-70s in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia, the characteristic features of which are a critical attitude towards society and politics. The name of the famous American artist Andy Warhol and the Velvet Underground group he produced is closely associated with punk rock. Their lead singer Lou Reed is considered the founding father of alternative rock, a movement that is closely related to punk rock. 
Chik, This style is revived every few years, with the last of which is still in full swing, Johnny Depp and Justin Timberlake are prominent representatives, plaid trousers, sneakers and a T-shirt tucked into trousers. 
Rockers, Rockers emerged in the mid-60s and reached their peak in the late 60s and early 70s, both in England and on the continent. Rockers come primarily from families of unskilled workers, without education, and often from single-parent and “problematic” families. A rocker's clothes are a leather jacket, worn jeans, rough big shoes, long hair combed back, sometimes tattoos. The jacket is usually decorated with badges and inscriptions. The main element of the rocker subculture is the motorcycle, which is also decorated with inscriptions, symbols and images. A motorcycle is a symbol of freedom, power and intimidation, the main source of intense sensations. At the same time, rockers highly value technical knowledge and driving skills. Gansta, Gangsta Rap began its development in the late 80s. This trend originates in hardcore rap. The gangsta rap style featured a hard, noisy sound. Lyrically, it was as sharp as rappers' crude tales of urban unrest. Sometimes the texts were accurate representations of reality, and sometimes they were simply comics filled with exaggeration. This direction became the most commercially successful in the history of hip-hop from the late 80s to the early 90s. During its development, gangsta rap became the source of considerable controversy, as some conservative organizations tried to ban the distribution of albums by these musicians. New Romantic (Glam Rock), a musical movement that arose in Great Britain in the early 1980s and (as part of the new wave) had a significant influence on the development of the English pop and rock scene. “New Romanticism” arose as an alternative to the asceticism of punk culture and not only did not carry social protest, but also (according to the Virgin Encyclopedia of 80’s Music) “celebrated glamor.” 
Oil can, an outgrowth of the British Teddy Boy culture - can be described as: Skinny jeans, tight T-shirts and slicked back hair. Jukeboxes, cocktail bar and travel in cars. Dandy Flapper Dandy Flapper prevailed among the girls. Red lipstick, hair stuck to the head with hairspray and glitter, dresses were the order of the day for girls, for men only a tweed suit with a bowler hat.
