Matrix substitution of true values ​​in the modern world. This is how moral values ​​are replaced. True and false life values

Vladimirsky state university named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Aleksandrova O.S., Candidate of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Annotation:

The article examines the concepts of everyday consciousness, the concept of value and their interaction. The phenomenon of the influence of consciousness on the formation of human values ​​has been analyzed.

The article discusses the concept of ordinary consciousness, the concept of value and their interaction. It analyzed the phenomenon of consciousness influence on the formation of human values.

Key words:

consciousness; ordinary consciousness; values

consciousness; everyday consciousness; value

UDC 1 The interest of specialists in the issue of everyday consciousness never weakened, but on the contrary aroused more and more interest, especially when society approached a hopeless situation. In situations where society was on the verge of crisis, ordinary practical consciousness was saved thanks to its pragmatic attitude and direct connection with life. Also, the interest of philosophers in the topic of everyday consciousness is caused by the fact that philosophy is going through a stage of crisis in which a person cannot satisfy his ideological needs.

In everyday speech and in philosophical literature, the concept of worldview and its meaning is interpreted ambiguously. But nevertheless, the absence of a generally accepted definition does not mean that when used, its meaning will not be clear. Worldview is a set of views and beliefs of a person about the world as a whole and his place in it.

The following main characteristics of the worldview can be identified:

1) Worldview contains a certain set of a person’s general views on the world around him and his place in it;

2) these views are not just knowledge about reality, but those principles that have become beliefs;

3) worldview determines the orientation of the individual, his point of view, purpose and meaning of life; it manifests itself in the behavior of the individual.

The theme of everyday consciousness in modern world is very extensive and covers all aspects of our lives. In various aspects, this term is used in the works of such authors as: Baranov S.T., Vicheva D.V., Shtoff V.A., Hegel G.V., Gorelova V.N., Dubinin I.I., Karmin A.S., Kasavin I.T., Kozlova N.N., Marx K., Engels F., Momdzhyan K.Kh., Naydysh O.V., Pukshansky B.Ya., Segal A.P., Ulybina E.V., Huizinga J. and others. But most of all I was interested in the thoughts and statements of P.V. Chelyshev. in his report from the philosophical congress in Seoul. Reading his work, I really liked his words: “There is a substitution of values: a person seeks the meaning of life not in the spiritual, but in the material sphere of existence.” It is this aspect that I want to interpret in my work.

The purpose of my work is to understand how a person’s values ​​are replaced through the influence of ordinary consciousness.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are formulated and studied:

1) consider the concept of ordinary consciousness in comparison with “professional” consciousness, i.e. extraordinary.

2) consider the concept of “value” from several points of view,

3) consider “Material values” and “Spiritual values”,

4) Illuminate the aspect: “There is a substitution of values: a person seeks the meaning of life not in the spiritual, but in the material sphere of existence.”

To write the work, various sources were used: textbooks, philosophical literature, philosophical encyclopedia, articles and online dictionaries. These sources reveal the essence of the concepts set forth in the problems, explain the relevance and aroused interest of the public, the authors of these works express their points of view on the created problems and suggest different techniques her decisions.

Firstly, in order to talk about ordinary consciousness, we need to understand what consciousness is. Consciousness is interpreted differently in different sources. For example, in the textbook on philosophy A.S. Karmina, Consciousness is the subject’s ability to reflect the surrounding reality and himself in ideal images, to create his own inner spiritual world and the language in which its content is expressed. In the psychology of consciousness, the following definition is given: Consciousness is the main point of human mental activity. Consciousness in a broad sense is interpreted as an independent substance called upon to create, judge and keep the world within the limits of what is permitted. Such an understanding of consciousness is characteristic of idealistic philosophy.

Consciousness strives to find those patterns that lie at the root of its essence. Consciousness is a certain force that allows a person to perceive and foresee more than is given to animals. Consciousness, based on information in any quantity, tries to guess how to act in order to achieve a set or desired goal. This is a much more effective strategy than trial-and-error decision making.

Consciousness contains two sides: the first is anticipation in the presentation of the result of the transformation of the object of labor, i.e. knowledge, and the second is anticipation in the presentation of people's relationships. The second side is consciousness, knowledge from the side of social existence.

IN philosophical science There are three main approaches to explaining the nature of human consciousness:

1. The consciousness of an individual is a modification or part of the universal consciousness - cosmic, planetary or divine. If the “secondary” consciousness in relation to any other consciousness is human, then the question arises of how and where the consciousness that became “primary” arose from. The typical idealist answer is that this other consciousness is seen as a substance that “needs nothing for its existence but itself” (Descartes).

2. Consciousness is an integral part of matter. It is characteristic of all matter and any individual object of this matter. Consequently, all bodies in the surrounding world have consciousness, perhaps to a different extent.

3. Human consciousness arises in the process of development of matter. It is a product of biological and social development individual person and all humanity as a whole. This approach is most consistent with the spirit of rationalism and materialism.

Consciousness is mobile, changeable, dynamic, active, it never exists in a “pure form” - this concept is revealed by the term “subjectivity of consciousness”. Consciousness includes several basic constructs: cognitive processes, which include sensations, perceptions, ideas, thinking, memory, language and speech; emotional states - positive and negative, active and passive, etc.; volitional processes - making and executing decisions, volitional efforts.

Since we have looked at consciousness and studied its basic definitions, we can now talk about ordinary consciousness. In the philosophy of the twentieth century, the question of ordinary consciousness arose sharply. This was associated both with the loss by modern man of the primacy of spiritual values ​​and the “material limitation of the individual” (K. Marx), and with the crisis of philosophy itself, which is no longer able to satisfy the worldview needs of man.. But nevertheless, dialectical logic has long proposed to consider concepts in mode of their comparison with opposites, if they exist. The opposite of “ordinary consciousness” is “unordinary”, which for clarity can be stated as “professional”.

Ordinary consciousness is a complex of attitudes, knowledge, ideas and stereotypes that are based on people’s everyday experience. A significant place in the study of ordinary consciousness, without any doubt, is given to the founder of the Scottish school of “common sense” T. Reed and his followers. T. Reed interprets ordinary consciousness from the point of view of natural philosophy and metaphysics as a set of primary and not refutable principles of common sense. The opposite of ordinary consciousness is professional consciousness, which is a set of basic requirements, ideals and ideas aimed at a specific professional field in order to regulate the professional relations of people and correlate narrow professional requirements with social attitudes.

But what is ordinary consciousness? On the one hand, ordinary consciousness is an indispensable source of life, a resource of energy that cannot be killed. Ordinary consciousness serves as a natural example of a person’s conscious attitude towards the world and himself. It is a form of consciousness that has been excellent at coping with difficulties for a long time. everyday life. On the other hand, everyday consciousness harbors a certain force that periodically “explodes” it from within and provokes specialized forms of social consciousness. In other words, it is the source and basis of life. Ordinary consciousness is a highly diverse sphere that combines all the features of consciousness.

As a result of spiritual “impoverishment,” the world appears before a person of ordinary consciousness only as a set of profitable things, effective techniques and methods of using them. But the interpretation of ordinary consciousness itself is polesemic, and there are many alternative theories and views that are difficult for us to perceive.

Firstly, the subject itself is a historically established form of consciousness, and secondly, the study of the subject stands at the stage where it goes direct perception- a being that is “determined entirely negatively not only in relation to another, but also in itself.”

Professional consciousness, in comparison with ordinary consciousness, has a certain specificity, which has a certain subject area with professionally oriented language means and includes images of consciousness, the content of which reflects the concept sphere professional culture. As has already been said, professional consciousness is specialized; it really exists as a number of different specific professional areas.

Children unconsciously begin to perceive the world from the everyday, and school, university, books, art, and the media “pull” them towards professionalism. This was given to adults, starting with the priests, then teachers appeared, then monarchs, then politicians. But what supported this progress? Experiments, instruments, maximizing information, applying it in practice, etc. “Interest” influenced this process in two ways: conservatively (religion, idealism) and progressively (materialism).

To summarize, we can say that ordinary and professional consciousness are closely related to each other, they interact and carry controversial nature in the human mind. It is worth noting that professional consciousness, equally with everyday consciousness, influences the formation of human values. By acquiring a profession, a person learns something new, highlights interesting aspects of life, tries to realize himself in a professional circle of friends - all this forms new values.

Despite the fact that we have examined both professional and everyday consciousness, in order to understand this aspect of ordinary consciousness as the substitution of values, we should define and look at what values ​​are from several points of view.

“Value” as a philosophical category with a universal character was introduced into philosophy as an independent category in the sixties of the nineteenth century. This process is compared with the reasoning of the German philosopher G. Lotze “Foundations of Practical Philosophy” and with his essay “Microcosm”. In his opinion, it is necessary to most accurately draw the line between the material world and the world of internal values. Only the “kingdom of goals” is the abode of values. The world of values ​​is not just a real existence as something worthy, but also turns out to be “the most valid of everything in the world.” Trying, apparently, to remove the opposition between the world of facts and the world of values, G. Lotze also referred to the intrinsic value of things, perceived by our ability to feel. His merit lies in raising the question of the relationship between the objective and the subjective in values, and most importantly in raising the concept of “value” to the circle of the main categories of philosophy.

Value presupposes universality and universality. This normative position of value has its own supernatural basis: “ Highest values empirical life - knowledge, morality and art - become living acts of the Divine in man and acquire a higher and deeper meaning."

One scientist believes that value is opposed to reality. “Values ​​do not represent reality, neither physical nor mental. Their essence lies in their significance, and not in their factuality.” (G. Rickert) The philosopher O. G. Drobnitsky in his encyclopedic article gives the concept of value as follows. “Value is a concept that, firstly, denotes any significance of an object (positive or negative) in contrast to its existential and qualitative characteristics (object values), and secondly, outlines the normative, evaluative side of the value of consciousness.

Other definitions are also given: Value is the importance or significance of something, as well as a characteristic of an object that denotes recognition of its significance. In philosophy, value is the personal or socio-cultural significance of objects or phenomena. In economics, value is used as a synonym for the concept of “use value”. In psychology, a “value system” is characterized by the fact that an individual perceives under values ​​what is considered valuable in the society around him.

They separate “Material values” and “Spiritual values”. Material values ​​are values ​​in material form, in the form of property, goods, objects. Material values ​​are present in the life of every person and the beginning of these values ​​is in his needs, in those that cannot be satisfied without money, things and other items. An indicator of the significance of the material world in everyone’s life individually; some cannot imagine their life without huge amount things he needs and don’t need, while someone can live carefree without valuable items.

Many will say that material values ​​are primarily about comfort, and this is true. But the role of things hardly becomes higher than the importance of people; this is where problems begin. First of all, problems begin in the family, where spouses have different attitudes towards material things. Women do not have enough money that their husband earns or the husband does not consider it necessary to give his wife a salary, so here you have conflicts in marriage.

Spiritual values ​​are those objects, phenomena, beliefs, attitudes and ideas that are important for spiritual culture and those that are related to moral, inner world person or people. For example, these are universal human values, such as people, God, truth, or these are everyday values ​​- taking care of the family and order in the house, personal values ​​- realizing oneself in society, promoting career ladder. We can say that those things that give a person meaning in life are the source of his energy. If objective values ​​act as objects of human needs and interests, then the values ​​of consciousness perform a dual function: they are an independent sphere of values ​​and the basis, criteria for assessing objective values.

Spiritual values ​​are a specific internal state of humanity, developed over thousands of years, which has no price and, as a rule, increases. The nature of spiritual values ​​is studied in axeology, i.e. in the theory of values, which establishes the relationship between values ​​and the world of realities human life. It's about, first of all, about moral and aesthetic values. They are rightfully considered the highest, since they largely determine human behavior in other value systems. For moral values, the main question remains about the relationship between good and evil, the meaning of life, love and hate, the nature of happiness and justice. In the history of mankind, one can note several successive attitudes, reflecting different value systems that form the corresponding type of personality. One of the most ancient is hedonism, that is, an attitude that affirms pleasure as the highest good of life and the criterion of human behavior.

There are many philosophical problems, which are studied by several disciplines simultaneously. The question of values ​​concerns not only axiology, but also the philosophy of culture ( cultural values), as well as ethics (goodness as a value), aesthetics (beauty as a value).

The second half of the twentieth century saw a major rethinking of values. To replace traditional society computer civilization arrived, industrial society was replaced by post-industrial society, modernism became postmodernism. The new provisions of civilization have given rise to an ecological crisis. All this has led to a reassessment of our ideas about the world around us. But main question remains the same: which values ​​will prevail in the future?

A. Toffler, an American sociologist and futurologist, wrote: in the modern world, people have many opportunities open to them and even more options for their further development, but what future they choose directly depends on what values ​​“come” to the forefront when making a decision .

Modern man has become less likely to turn to history, to philosophy, to traditional forms of religion, has become less interested in books and has forgotten that spiritual development needs to be given more time and attention. This process occurs due to the primacy in the consciousness of the material side of life over the spiritual. It happens that a person, turning to spiritual values, later translates all this into money, trying to figure out in practice how to make the most money from this or that material here and now.

“It’s human nature to strive for growth. This could be an increase in the number of rubles, paintings, horses, an increase in ranks, muscles, knowledge, but the increase is only necessary: ​​an increase in kindness” (L.N. Tolstoy.)

A system whose goal is only material wealth and success is immoral, anti-personal and therefore anti-cultural. For personal development, it is not necessary to have material wealth, because a person, associating himself with wealth, increasingly forgets about his development. He has less time to work on himself; he is ready to work for money, but not for development. Yes, now there are a lot of goods and services that allow you to live comfortably in the modern world, which make you stand out from the crowd, but in the pursuit of these things we succumb to the herd instinct and degrade. Nowadays you can often hear “young people don’t read”, “what uneducated youth we have” and much more, and the question immediately arises before us - why?! It all depends on the environment, upbringing, innovation - now the world has become high-tech, many things are available on the Internet, notepads, alarm clocks, books, watches, dictionaries and much more can be replaced by just one gadget, in connection with this young people have stopped reading and communicating with people in real space and time, they “buried themselves” in information Technology, thereby giving rise to a massive decline in society. Also, due to the fact that young people read few books and do not try to develop themselves as individuals, they are subject to the influence of society and ordinary consciousness, and do not have their own opinion. This is explained by the fact that society lives according to those stereotypes and principles that have been formed over time, and young people believe that this is correct, and to find new ones, interesting ideas for a change own life they don't want to. Moreover, young people see that everything is easily achieved and obtained if there is money, based on this, money comes first for them, and indifference is shown to everything else.

But still, the development of a person as an individual and his values ​​are determined by the person himself and his goals in life. A hardworking and persistent person will always achieve his goal, but a lazy person will continue to “carry himself along with the flow of life” without making any effort to become better.

Speaking about society, it was not for nothing that I mentioned our environment. Think about it, if there were always people around you who do not strive for anything, who have no goals, who are only interested in entertainment and a bottle of alcohol, would you want to strive for something more, more meaningful, higher? I think not, because you and your “friends” would be happy with everything anyway. But even with such a life, for example, you involuntarily met a positive, successful, purposeful person who reads books, studies science and simply tries to be better. This person has aroused your interest and you no longer want to sit among your friends, you want to be no worse than this successful person. At this moment, you are changing your values ​​in life, rethinking your existence. And you develop your own interests, motives and goals that help you become better.

But we cannot judge other people, we need to take care of ourselves... “For each person is unique and unrepeatable, and each person develops his own, unique and inimitable set of highest life values ​​and ideals.”

Since we needed to consider the issue of substituting values ​​through everyday consciousness, I will remind you that ordinary consciousness is a set of ideas, knowledge, attitudes and stereotypes based on the direct everyday experience of people.

In order to achieve the maximum number of people involved in the development of their personality, it is necessary to promote to a wide mass of consumers the usefulness of not only the material sphere of life, but also the spiritual. Instead of advertising a new gadget, it would be better to advertise classical literature, for example, the work of F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”, because this novel can teach certain moral qualities that will prevent you from making any very unpleasant mistakes in your life in the future.

For the younger generation, their interest in developing their own personality should be expressed first of all by their parents, and then school teachers and higher education teachers educational institutions. Parents must instill in their child a sense of self-esteem and develop his desire to be better. Teachers and teachers should try to instill in the student a sense of morality and higher spiritual values, to interest him in the reproduction of a rich spiritual life and a beautiful “inner” world.

“The natural man... in all his affairs and concerns is oriented towards the world” (E. Husserl)

In conclusion, I would like to say that every scientific work carries a semantic load, provides new knowledge or expands previous knowledge. For me, this work became a very interesting study, in which I learned new aspects of our life in modern society.

The problem of everyday consciousness, and in particular the substitution of values, is gaining momentum and covers a significant part of humanity. I believe that it is necessary to fight this, and not turn a blind eye. The predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones is a complication of life in the modern world. People forget about their own self-development due to a lack of finances not only for satisfying their pleasure, but, by and large, for living. Because of this, stereotypes arise that life is comfortable only when you have large number material goods. First of all, our state must fight this, because when people become comfortable living with the money they earn, they will begin to be enlightened spiritually and culturally, which will contribute to a higher standard of living in the country and throughout the world. When the development of man as an individual will be in our and public consciousness above the pursuit of material wealth, then peace, tranquility and contentment with oneself, one’s life, other people and the state will come.

In my work, I examined such concepts as consciousness, everyday consciousness, values, material and spiritual significance. During the work, all assigned tasks were solved, namely:

1) the concepts of ordinary and professional consciousness were considered

2) the concept of “value” is considered from several points of view.

3) examined the concepts of “Material values” and “Spiritual values” and gave examples.

4) such an aspect as the substitution of values ​​is covered and the reasons why this happens are considered

Also, I would like to note that while writing the essay, I achieved the main goal - to understand how the substitution of values ​​occurs through the influence of ordinary consciousness. In short, most often society and their accumulated experience impose such a stereotype on them - “the main value of life is material wealth,” and the older a teenager becomes, the more susceptible he is to the influence of society. And then the teenager takes actions to increase his wealth, and not to develop himself, and this is how a person’s values ​​are replaced.

I would like to summarize the work and highlight the main ideas of the problem raised.

• Man depends on society and is influenced by it.
• Professional consciousness, in comparison with ordinary consciousness, has a certain specificity, which has a certain subject area with professionally oriented language means
• Professional consciousness equally influences the formation of human values ​​with everyday consciousness.
• The world of values ​​is not just a real existence as something worthy, but also turns out to be “the most valid of everything in the world.”
• They separate “Material values” and “Spiritual values”.
• In modern society, a person prefers to increase his wealth rather than develop his inner world.
• There is a stereotype in society that “life is comfortable only when you have a large amount of material wealth.”
• But still, each person is unique and inimitable, and each person develops his own, unique and inimitable set of highest life values ​​and ideals.
• Propaganda of the spiritual sphere of existence is necessary.
• The predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones is a complication of life in the modern world. The state and its representatives must fight against these.

While writing this work, I recognized myself in some of the statements of scientists. This prompted me to think more deeply about life in modern society. Looking through the picture of my own life in my memory, I found those moments when my values ​​were replaced, and I realized what, first of all, I need to pay attention to in my personal life. This activity was productive and, undoubtedly, became an impetus for setting new life goals.

Bibliography:

1. Alekseev P.V. Social philosophy. Tutorial. - M.: LLC "TK Velby" 2003 -256 p.
2. Vazyulin V.A. Logic of history. Issues of theory and methodology. – M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1988. – 328 p.
3. Windelband V. Preludes. Philosophical articles and speeches. St. Petersburg, 1904. – 298 p.
4. Hegel G. V. F. Science of Logic: In 3 volumes. - M.: Mysl, 1970. T. 1. – 501 p.
5. Drobnitsky O.G. Value//Philosophical Encyclopedia. M., 1970. T. 5. State scientific publishing house " Soviet encyclopedia", 742 p.
6. Karmin A.S., G.G. Bernatsky. Philosophy. St. Petersburg: DNA Publishing House, 2001 - 536 p.
7. Rickert G. Values ​​of life and cultural values ​​// M.: Logos, 1912-1913. Book I and II. – 35 s.
8. Spiritual values ​​and the spiritual world of the individual: [Electronic resource]// RGRTU Ryazan State Radio Engineering University Group 640. - Ryazan, 2011. - URL: http://rgrtu-640.ru/philosophy/filosofiya45.html. (Date of access: 09/24/2015)
9. Chelyshev P.V. The crisis of ordinary consciousness in the modern world: [Electronic resource]// Official website of the Russian Federal District. Dialogue of the XXI century. - 2008. - URL: http://www.congress2008.dialog21.ru/Doklady/22510.htm. (Date of access: 09/24/2015)

Reviews:

11/30/2015, 16:22 Adibekyan Oganes Aleksandrovich
Review: Adibekyan Oganes Alexandrovich. Mastering selected topics is commendable, as is showing personal achievements. These are the comments. Dialectical logic has long proposed to consider concepts in the mode of their comparison with opposites, if any. “Ordinary consciousness” has “unordinary”, which can be presented as “professional” for clarity. Why is this “couple” not at work? But humanity began to think in the mode of “everyday consciousness”, and then move, but not as a whole, to “professional consciousness”. Children unconsciously start with the ordinary, and school, university, books, art, and the media “draw” them towards professionalism. This was given to adults, starting with the priests, then teachers appeared, then monarchs, then politicians. But what supported this progress? Experiments, instruments, maximizing information, applying it in practice, etc. “Interest” influenced this process in two ways: conservatively (religion, idealism) and progressively (materialism). “Ideology” acted and has not stopped doing so. To make the article more valuable, these factors should be taken into account in order to remove what is not directly related to the chosen problem. Worldview and value in themselves do not give anything productive if you do not compare the “ordinary” consciousness with the “extraordinary”. Professional consciousness influences values ​​no less than usual. There are no conclusions as the results of the study. The article needs to be improved.

11/30/2015 20:20 Response to the author’s review Oksana Valerievna Bagrova:
Thanks for your comments. I finalized the article, compared everyday and professional consciousness, and drew conclusions. Please read the work again.

30.11.2015, 22:48 Kolesnikova Galina Ivanovna
Review: The work is good. Consistent. Logical. Meets all qualification criteria. For the future: personal, emotional is not always appropriate in scientific works. A scientific article must contain logic, facts, and conclusions. Recommended for publication.
11/30/2015, 22:55 Adibekyan Oganes Aleksandrovich
Review: Adibekyan Oganes Alexandrovich. I recommend this article for publication

4.12.2015, 14:26 Nazarov Ravshan Rinatovich
Review: The article as a whole is written in an interesting and current topic. There are some minor notes on the formatting of the text. So, it’s still worth distinguishing between the classics of world philosophy (Hegel, Marx, Engels, Huizinga, etc.) and not writing them on the same line with respected philosophers (such as K.H. Momdzhyan and Co.), but still not classics of world significance. The article is recommended.

To the question: “What is life values? - everyone will answer in their own way, for some it is family, people who have been in a serious accident and are in a wheelchair will say that this is health. Life values ​​are universal concepts that are close to everyone: love, happiness, prosperity, kindness.

Life values ​​- definition

What are life values? The very concept of “life values” includes guidelines that a person can rely on in life, something that he can rely on in difficult moments, these are beliefs, principles, personality traits, ideals and a sense of correctness and truth of what a person is guided by. The loss of life values ​​leads to loss of meaning and despair and becomes a real test for a person.

What are the life values?

For each person, life values ​​can be different, it depends on what the person was in childhood instilled in the family - a person “appropriates” many important things as his own through the transmission of values ​​by his parents. Nurturing a child with morality and other virtues forms in him a harmonious personality with correct value guidelines. Life values ​​– list:

• Love;
• moral;
• spiritual and physical health;
• self-realization;
• self-knowledge and self-development;
• loved ones (children, parents, spouses);
• friendship;
• kindness;
• compassion for people and animals;
• altruism;
• honesty.

The problem of life values

What human life values ​​should occupy a dominant position - young people also face this question, with insufficient life experience and those who have already traveled a sufficient path in life - it is human nature to make mistakes and lose oneself in the great cycle of life. This is it big problem in determining priorities. Landmarks or beacons on life path must remain: kindness, decency and the ability to listen to your conscience.

Rethinking life values

Reassessment of life values ​​occurs at different periods of life, they are called crises, often this is a painful process leading to personality transformation. A person who has not experienced suffering is not aware of many things that are worth real attention and time. Many people, having gone through trials, after some time understand what it was all for and acquire new meanings.

True and false life values

Many civilizations have sunk into oblivion due to the fact that people forgot who they were and followed fictitious ideals and imposed values. The extensive experience of losses does not teach a person anything; false life values ​​continue to destroy what really needs to be valued: health, love, friendship. False values ​​arise from a person’s desire to possess what is imposed on him by society and loved ones. When a person receives what he assessed as important and worthwhile for himself, he experiences bitter disappointment.

Life values ​​of youth

The substitution of life values ​​among young people is observed in the modern world full of temptations. Digital technologies have entered life and replaced many worthwhile, real things, such as face-to-face communication and reading books. There is an impoverishment of emotions and feelings. Today's youth are called Generation Z, addicted to gadgets. Consumption prevails over creation and creativity. Sociologists predict that a full-fledged family as a value will soon cease to exist.

A parable about life values

The main values ​​of life - sages at all times have talked a lot about them. A very useful parable about the important and unimportant in life. One thinker, standing in front of his students, showed them an empty glass vessel and began to fill it with stones until he filled it to the top, then stopped and asked those watching if the vessel was full, to which he received a confirming answer. The sage took a handful of small stones and placed them in a jar, shook it and added stones several more times. I asked the students watching with curiosity if the vessel was full, they answered “Yes!”

The Thinker took out a jar of sand and poured it in a thin stream into a vessel with stones and told the amazed disciples that the vessel with stones and sand was their life. Big stones– all those important values ​​without which life has no meaning: family, health, kindness. Smaller stones are what has of secondary importance: property, various material goods, and finally, sand - this is vanity and little things that distract from the main thing. If you fill the vessel with sand first, there will be no room left for the most important thing, which has real value.

Books about life values

Life values ​​in literary works help you look at your existence differently, see new meanings, or protect a person from rash actions. Modern people they read little and often, in pursuit of abstract happiness imposed by television and other media, they forget about real, real values, those that are always nearby. Books about the values ​​of life:

1. « The Kite Runner» H. Hosseini. A truly amazing story about two boys from different classes, but this does not interfere with their friendship, a book about eternal human values.
2. « While I'm alive» J. Downham. She’s 16 and wants to try and do everything, and her wish list is so long! About the value of every day and the perception of life as a gift given from above.
3. « A street cat named Bob. How a man and a cat found hope on the streets of London" Two loneliness met: a cat and a man, yes, animals can also become true friends, and in this real story, Bob the cat helped his human friend cope with severe chemical addiction and realize what real life values ​​are
4. « Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption" S. King. Even in the harsh conditions that the gloomy prison turned out to be for Andy Dufresne, you can remain humane. A best-selling book about the value of people and generosity, on which the movie "The Shawshank Redemption" was based.
5. « The Little Prince» Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Classic relevant at all times. Friendship, love, betrayal and the value of any life be it a rose or a fox, everything needs love and care. Environmentally friendly thinking and actions is what the book teaches.

Films about life values

A person often realizes what real life values ​​are when difficult events occur in life, forcing him to finally “awaken” from hibernation, from the pursuit of material wealth. The basic values ​​of life are simple and so human, everything else begins to seem secondary, not worthy of attention. Films that help you remember what is important in life.

What are the main values ​​of a person? Why do people sometimes make mistakes in their choices? Author of this text raises the problem of true and false values.

Yu. Nagibin gives a monologue of the hero, who speaks about the main values ​​of a person. The author argues that the attitude towards the heroic should not be subject to fashion, since everything depends on moral qualities a person hiding under the outer “shell”. Sometimes people are mistaken in their choice, but they are still filled with a sense of striving for the best, because true values ​​can never become outdated.

The author does not directly show his point of view, but gradually leads the reader to the idea that kindness, sincerity, activity, ability to work, determination, courage are the most important qualities that a person should have.

I completely agree with the author’s opinion that vital activity and ability to work can “pull” a person out of a difficult situation. Suffice it to recall Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina”. Konstantin Levin, after receiving Katya Shcherbatskaya’s refusal to marry him, goes to live in the village. He went with the men to the fields to mow grass, despite the fact that he was a gentleman. Severely tired, Levin still received great satisfaction from this work.

This suggests that Konstantin Dmitrievich chose work instead of eking out a miserable existence.

Next literary example, it seems to me, is another argument. Let's remember L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace". For the Kuragin family main value there was money in life, so both Anatole and Helen grew up selfish. In the Rostov house everything was the other way around: in their family everything was built on love and mutual understanding. Therefore, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya grew up kind and sympathetic. Thus, the Kuragins chose false values, and the Rostovs chose true ones.

Based on all of the above, I will emphasize once again: it is important to make your choice correctly and distinguish the false from the true.

The modern world is actively changing and developing, although in some areas it is not better side. Changes also affect people, primarily young people. She is actually left to her own devices, no one is engaged in the education of morality, the development of personality. And in this situation, the problems of modern youth are growing like a snowball. These problems are a reflection of the vices and imperfections of the entire society . And only solving these difficulties will make it possible to improve the health of society. But to start the fight, you need to carefully study the “enemy”. Increasingly, young boys and girls, instead of thinking about family, parents, personal growth, try to show their superiority through addiction to bad habits, violence. There is still a chance to change everything for the better and we need to start studying the problems that lie in wait for young people right now.

The most important problems of modern youth.

Alcoholism

Is it correct to talk about alcoholism as social problem young people? Of course, yes, because a person of any age can become addicted to alcohol. social status. Here we must take into account hereditary predisposition (alcoholism is still a disease) and not neglect the power of the retraction method. If your first acquaintance with alcoholic beverages took place at an early or even childhood age, then life becomes meaningless. The teenager loses willpower, stops believing in the bright and good, and drinking becomes the stimulus for action. Sad statistics state that alcoholism is the most current problem youth, which overtakes children of both sexes. A drunk teenager loses the ability to adequately perceive reality, is rude, unbalanced and prone to recklessness.

From the above, we can formulate another problem - crime among young people. Most crimes are committed by teenagers while intoxicated. It is easier to prevent this misfortune than to try to fight or eradicate it. To do this, you need to make efforts to raise a full-fledged member of society, protect the child from bad companies, create conditions for his harmonious development (sports, music, reading, hobbies, etc.).

Addiction

Drug use is an even worse problem than alcoholism, because it is almost impossible to get rid of such addiction on your own. A teenager who finds himself in bad company is forced to try drugs (in order to keep up with his “friends”). The further development of events is predetermined - six months later another drug addict appears in society.

Parents should not hope that this misfortune will bypass the child, but instead, control and actively participate in the life of their child. If this happens, then the teenager needs to be sent to.

Tobacco smoking

This problem is not as bad as the previous ones. But this is an addiction, and it can become the first step towards more serious problems - drug addiction, alcoholism. If a teenager is caught smoking, then you can’t just leave it like that. It is necessary to find the right approach and use different methods of influencing the subconscious (conversations, examples from life), that is, begin an active fight against teenage smoking.

Crime, suicide

A sane teenager will rarely commit a crime, which means he leads healthy image life and does not use drugs or alcohol. But often they decide to break the law because of imbalance and unrequited love. You need to constantly communicate with the child, establish contact, find common language and then he can live happy life. You cannot ignore the emotional state of a teenager, and if necessary, you need to help get out of depression.

Substitution of life values

Chasing modernity, teenage girls do not think about the future family life, but strive for sexuality and depravity. This trend can also be seen among boys. Very quickly, teenagers realize that they cannot become like their idols. Following such conclusions comes disappointment, loss of the meaning of life. If such problems affect a child, then parents should not stand aside, hoping that “everything will pass.” It is important to explain that the meaning of life lies elsewhere, and to help find it.

There is a lot of talk in society about such a phenomenon in society as the substitution of values. Some are outraged and blame the media and entertainment industry for the depravity of youth and the decay of society, some are happy to spread “new” values ​​and live by them, while others simply do their job well, help those in need as best they can, and take care of their own family, and bears HIMSELF responsibility for his actions.

Content:

What is value substitution?

Usually, the concept of “substitution of values” is understood as the dissemination of information about the benefits of a hedonistic lifestyle and consumer attitudes towards the environment, the people around us, the state, and the family.

Where do values ​​come from?

We are told that the sources are the media, television, and the Internet. This is told by people who simply do not want to take responsibility. A lot of things in a person are genetic, and in the process of life, the environment creates its own work of art from this genetic material. And it all starts with parents, they lay the foundation with their upbringing. On a strong foundation, a house can turn out to be strong, but if the foundation is weak, then the house will fall apart in any case.

Throughout history, society has been divided into groups. Each group had its own values, its own way of life, traditions, and worldviews. In India we can still observe caste divisions. If we compare the values ​​and worldviews of representatives of different castes, we come to the understanding that each caste is a separate world.

In our society there is no obvious division into castes, however, society is divided: there are intelligentsia, there is the working class, there are criminals, there are drunkards and drug addicts. And each class raises its own kind. There are exceptions, but overall the trend is noticeable.

Each class has its own values ​​in all respects. For example, in the marginal classes of drunkards and drug addicts and in the working class, it is not customary to live and love a wife or husband. It is considered normal to cheat, have fun, for a husband to go out and scold his wife, for a wife to work for four people and scold her husband. As for children, the norm is to give birth to a child, send him to kindergarten, to school, feed him, put him on shoes, and dress him. It is also normal to have abortions, because sex and irresponsibility are an integral part of their values. They don’t seriously think about any education of the moral and ethical qualities of a child - they put a tablet or phone in their hands and finally there is silence. But the child really wants to be played with, answered many, many questions, hugged, kissed. Regarding work, such families do not think about how to gain more knowledge and bring more benefit to society and the family. The main thing is that there is at least some work. At the same time, they tirelessly complain that someone did not give them a prestigious position, and they cannot earn money like lazy directors. These are the values ​​that are imposed on young children. They don't see others.

If we talk about the intelligentsia class, here parents pay more attention to the mental development of their children and their education. And children themselves, from childhood, are in an environment where intelligence dominates. Here they are more attentive not to the physiological needs of children for food and clothing, but to their spiritual education. Here the words love, kindness, help, knowledge are heard more often. The relationship between parents is more respectful and not consumerist.

A separate class are businessmen. The class is characterized by the fact that children are told from childhood that they need to be purposeful, strive to earn a lot, and study. At the same time, there may be no family values, concepts of friendship and mutual assistance.

You can also highlight the military, which has its own values.

Anyone can move from one class to another, although only from the point of view of social status. Many representatives of the working class, for example, remain hedonists and consumers, even after achieving a position in society.

Substitution of values ​​is not a new phenomenon.

The problem of hedonism and consumerism has always existed. It’s just that now, thanks to the media and popular culture, there is a lot of talk about this. Examples of the decline of morals are described in the Bible: remember the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. From the world classics in 1307-1321 it was written “ Divine Comedy“Dante Alighieri, 1790 Johann Goethe spoke about this in his “Faust”, in 1890 Oscar Wilde in “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. In fact, in literature the topic of substitution of values ​​has been widely raised at all times; this is just a small list of the most high-profile works.

If we talk about historical figures, then we all know Napoleon and Peter 1, Suleiman, who gave their thoughts to their beloved. But we also heard about Henry VIII Tudor, the image of which the writers of the series The Tudors made almost an ideal and role model. Although he was a bloody, greedy, selfish man, whose actions were condemned even by the church, sacrificing its unity and influence. Because of his lust, he killed two of his wives and brutally dealt with the peasants.

Why do young people like to watch mind-numbing shows like “House 2”, “Comedy Club”, and mass-market films? Yes, many people are influenced by the crowd. But, if a person has a healthy lifestyle, high responsibility, and the desire to gain knowledge since childhood, then no mass culture will drag him down. There are plenty of such examples. In fact, we all grew up in the same society, but we all grew up different because we grew up in different families and were children of different parents.

Therefore, dear parents, let's scold less popular culture, and pay more attention to teaching children to adhere to their own values ​​and positive values.