Gorky's early work amazes, first of all, with its artistic diversity, unusual for a young writer, and the bold confidence with which he creates works of different colors and poetic intonation. The enormous talent of the artist of the rising class - the proletariat, drawing powerful strength from the “movement of the masses themselves”, was revealed already in the early stages of Maxim Gorky’s literary work.
By acting as a herald of the coming storm, Gorky fell in line with the public mood. In 1920, he wrote: “I began my work as a stirrer of revolutionary sentiment through the glory of the madness of the brave.” Exam questions and answers. Literature. 9 and 11 graduating classes. Tutorial. - M.: AST-PRESS, 2000. - P.214. This applies, first of all, to Gorky’s early romantic works. In the 1890s. he wrote the stories “Makar Chudra”, “Old Woman Izergil”, “Khan and His Son”, “Mute”, “Return of the Normans from England”, “Blindness of Love”, fairy tales “The Girl and Death”, “About the Little Fairy and the Young Shepherd” ”, “Song of the Falcon”, “Song of the Petrel”, “Legend of Marco”, etc. All of them are distinguished by one feature, which can be defined in the words of L. Andreev: “the taste of freedom, something free, broad, bold.” Gorky M. Prose. Dramaturgy. Journalism. - M.: Olimp; LLC "AST Publishing House", 1999. - P.614. In all of them there is a motif of rejection of reality, confrontation with fate, and a daring challenge to the elements. In the center of these works is the figure of a strong, proud, courageous man, not submitting to anyone, unbending. And all these works, like living gems, shimmer with unprecedented colors, spreading a romantic glow around.
The story “Makar Chudra” is a statement of the ideal of personal freedom
At the center of Maxim Gorky's early works are exceptional characters, strong in spirit and proud people who, according to the author, “have the sun in their blood.” This metaphor gives rise to a number of images close to it, associated with the motif of fire, sparks, flame, and torch. These heroes have burning hearts. This feature is characteristic not only of Danko, but also of the characters in Gorky’s first story, “Makar Chudra.” Rogover E.S. Russian literature of the twentieth century. To help school graduates and applicants: Study guide. - St. Petersburg: “Paritet”, 2002. - P.131.
The old gypsy Makar Chudra begins his story to the brooding melody of the splashing of the oncoming waves. From the very first lines, the reader is overwhelmed by a feeling of the unusual: the boundless steppe on the left and the endless sea on the right, the old gypsy lying in a beautiful strong pose, the rustling of coastal bushes - all this sets the mood for a conversation about something intimate, the most important. Makar Chudra slowly talks about man’s calling and his role on earth. “A person is a slave as soon as he is born, a slave all his life and that’s it,” argues Makar. Gorky M. Prose. Dramaturgy. Journalism. - M.: Olimp; LLC "AST Publishing House", 1999. - P.18. And he contrasts this with his own: “A man will be born to know what freedom is, the expanse of the steppe, to hear the voice of the sea wave”; “If you live, then you become kings over the whole earth.”
This idea is illustrated by the legend of the love of Loiko Zobar and Rada, who did not become slaves to their feelings. Their images are exceptional and romanticized. Loiko Zobar has “eyes like clear stars, and a smile like the whole sun.” Ibid., p.21. When he sits on a horse, it seems as if he was forged from one piece of iron along with the horse. Zobar's strength and beauty are not inferior to his kindness. “You need his heart, he himself would tear it out of his chest and give it to you, if only it would make you feel good.” Ibid., p.20. The beautiful Rada matches. Makar Chudra calls her an eagle. “You can’t say anything about her in words. Perhaps its beauty could be played on a violin, and even those who know this violin like their soul.”
The proud Rada for a long time rejected the feelings of Loiko Zobar, because will was more valuable to her than love. When she decided to become his wife, she set a condition that Loiko could not fulfill without humiliating himself. An insoluble conflict leads to a tragic ending: the heroes die, but remain free, love and even life are sacrificed to the will. In this story, for the first time, a romantic image of a loving human heart appears: Loiko Zobar, who could tear the heart out of his chest for the happiness of his neighbor, checks whether his beloved has a strong heart and plunges a knife into it. And the same knife, but in the hands of soldier Danila, strikes Zobar’s heart. Love and the thirst for freedom turn out to be evil demons that destroy people's happiness. Together with Makar Chudra, the narrator admires the strength of character of the heroes. And together with him, he cannot answer the question that runs like a leitmotif through the entire story: how to make people happy and what happiness is.
The story “Makar Chudra” formulates two different understandings of happiness. The first is in the words of the “strict man”: “Submit to God, and he will give you everything you ask.” Ibid., p.18. This thesis is immediately debunked: it turns out that God did not give “ to a strict person» even clothes to cover the naked body. The second thesis is proven by the fate of Loiko Zobar and the Rada: will more valuable than life, happiness is in freedom. The romantic worldview of the young Gorky goes back to the famous Pushkin words: “There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will...”
The story “Old Woman Izergil” - awareness of a person’s personality
On seashore near Akkerman in Bessarabia, the author of the legend of the old woman, Izergil, listens. Everything here is full of atmospheric love: the men are “bronze, with lush black mustaches and thick shoulder-length curls,” the women are “cheerful, flexible, with dark blue eyes, also bronze.” The author's imagination and the night make them irresistibly beautiful. Nature harmonizes with the author’s romantic mood: the foliage sighs and whispers, the wind plays with the silky hair of women.
The old woman Izergil is depicted in contrast: time has bent her in half, a bony body, dull eyes, a creaky voice. Ruthless time takes away beauty and with it love. The old woman Izergil talks about her life, about her lovers: “Her voice crunched, as if the old woman was speaking with bones.” Gorky leads the reader to the idea that love is not eternal, just as man is not eternal. What remains in life for centuries? Gorky put two legends into the mouth of the old woman Izergil: about the eagle’s son Lara, who considered himself the first on earth and wanted happiness only for himself, and about Danko, who gave his heart to people.
The images of Lara and Danko are sharply contrasting, although both of them are brave, strong and proud people. Lara lives according to the laws of the strong, to whom “everything is permitted.” He kills the girl because she did not submit to his will, and steps on her chest with his foot. Lara's cruelty is based on a sense of superiority strong personality above the crowd. Gorky debunks popular late XIX V. ideas of the German philosopher Nietzsche. In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche argued that people are divided into strong (eagles) and weak (lambs) who are destined to be slaves. Nietzsche's apology for inequality, the idea of the aristocratic superiority of the chosen over all others were subsequently used in the ideology and practice of fascism. Spiridonova L.A. “I came into the world to disagree.”
In the legend of Lara, Gorky shows that a Nietzschean who professes the morality “everything is permitted to the strong” will face loneliness, which worse than death. “His punishment is in himself,” says the wisest of people after Lara commits a crime. And Lara, doomed to eternal life and eternal wandering turns into a black shadow, dried up by the sun and winds. Condemning an egoist who only takes from people without giving anything in return, the old woman Izergil says: “For everything that a person takes, he pays with himself, with his mind and strength, sometimes with his life.”
Danko pays with his life, performing a feat in the name of people's happiness. The blue sparks that flare up at night in the steppe are the sparks of his burning heart, which illuminated the path to freedom. Impenetrable forest where giant trees stood stone wall, the greedy mouth of the swamp, strong and evil enemies gave birth to fear among people. Then Danko appeared: “What will I do for people,” Danko shouted louder than thunder. And suddenly he tore his chest with his hands and tore his heart out of it and raised it high above his head. It burned as brightly as the sun, and brighter than the sun, and the whole forest fell silent, illuminated by this torch. great love to people, and the darkness was scattered from its light...”
As we have seen, the poetic metaphor of “giving your heart to your loved one” arose both in the story “Makar Chudra” and in the fairy tale about the little fairy. But here it turns into an expanded poetic image, interpreted literally. Gorky puts a new, high meaning into the erased banal phrase that has accompanied declarations of love for centuries: “to give your hand and heart.” Danko's living human heart became a torch illuminating the path to a new life for humanity. And although the “cautious man” nevertheless stepped on him, the blue sparks in the steppe always remind people of Danko’s feat.
The meaning of the story “Old Woman Izergil” is determined by the phrase “In life there is always a place for exploits.” The daredevil Danko, who “burned his heart for people and died without asking them for anything as a reward for himself,” expresses Gorky’s innermost thought: the happiness and will of one person are unthinkable without the happiness and liberation of the people.
“Song of the Falcon” - a hymn to action in the name of freedom and light
“The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life,” Gorky states in “Song of the Falcon.” The main method by which this thesis is affirmed is a dialogue between two different “truths”, two worldviews, two contrasting images - the Falcon and the Snake. The writer used the same technique in other stories. The free shepherd is the antipode of the blind Mole, the egoist Lara is opposed to the altruist Danko. In “The Song of the Falcon,” a hero and a tradesman appear before the reader. Smug Already convinced of the inviolability of the old order. He feels great in the dark gorge: “warm and damp.” The sky for him is an empty place, and the Falcon, dreaming of flying into the sky, is a real madman. With poisonous irony, Already claims that the beauty of flying is in the fall.
In the soul of the Falcon lives an insane thirst for freedom and light. By his death, he confirms the rightness of the feat in the name of freedom.
The death of the Falcon is at the same time a complete debunking of the “wise” Snake. In “Song of the Falcon” there is a direct echo with the legend of Danko: blue sparks of a burning heart flash in the darkness of the night, forever reminding people of Danko. The death of the Falcon also brings him immortality: “And drops of your hot blood, like sparks, will flare up in the darkness of life and will ignite many brave hearts with an insane thirst for freedom and light!”
From work to work in early work Gorky's theme grows and crystallizes. Loiko Zobar, Rada, the little fairy commit crazy things in the name of love. Their actions are extraordinary, but this is not yet a feat. The girl, who comes into conflict with the king, boldly defeats Fear, Fate and Death (“The Girl and Death”). Her courage is also the madness of the brave, although it is aimed at protecting personal happiness. Lara’s courage and audacity lead to a crime, for he, like Pushkin’s Aleko, “only wants freedom for himself.” And only Danko and Sokol, by their death, affirm the immortality of the feat. So the problem of will and happiness individual person fades into the background, replaced by the problem of happiness for all humanity. “The Madness of the Brave” brings moral satisfaction to the daredevils themselves: “I go to burn as brightly as possible and to illuminate the darkness of life more deeply. And death for me is my reward! - declares Gorky Man. Spiridonova L.A. “I came into the world to disagree.” Early romantic works Gorky was awakened by the consciousness of the inferiority of life, unfair and ugly, and gave birth to the dream of heroes rebelling against the order established over centuries.
The revolutionary romantic idea determined artistic originality Gorky's works: pathetic sublime style, romantic plot, fairy tale genre, legends, songs, allegories, conventionally symbolic background of action. In Gorky's stories it is easy to detect the exceptional character, setting, and language characteristic of romanticism. But at the same time, they contain features characteristic only of Gorky: a contrasting comparison of the hero and the tradesman, the Man and the slave. The action of the work, as a rule, is organized around a dialogue of ideas; the romantic frame of the story creates a background against which the author’s thought appears prominently. Sometimes such a frame is a landscape - romantic description seas, steppes, thunderstorms. Sometimes - a harmonious harmony of the sounds of a song. The importance of sound images in Gorky’s romantic works is difficult to overestimate: the melody of the violin sounds in the story of the love of Loiko Zobar and Rada, the whistle of the free wind and the breath of a thunderstorm - in the tale of the little fairy, “wonderful music of revelation” - in the “Song of the Falcon”, a menacing roar storms - in “Song of the Petrel”. The harmony of sounds complements the harmony of allegorical images. The image of an eagle as a symbol of a strong personality arises when characterizing heroes who have Nietzschean traits: the eagle Rada, free as an eagle, the shepherd, the son of the eagle Lara. The image of the Falcon is associated with the idea of an altruistic hero. Makar Chudra calls a falcon a storyteller who dreams of making all people happy. Finally, the Petrel symbolizes the movement of the masses themselves, the image of future retribution.
Gorky generously uses folklore motifs and images, retells Moldavian, Wallachian, Hutsul legends that he overheard while wandering around Rus'. The language of Gorky's romantic works is flowery and patterned, melodiously sonorous.
Conclusion
The early work of Maxim Gorky is remarkable different styles, noted by L. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov and V.G. Korolenko. The work of young Gorky was influenced by many writers: A.S. Pushkin, Pomyalovsky, G. Uspensky, N.S. Leskova, M.Yu. Lermontov, Byron, Schiller.
The writer turned to both the realistic and romantic movements of art, which in some cases existed independently, but were often whimsically mixed. However, at first, Gorky's works were dominated by the romantic style, standing out sharply for their brightness.
Indeed, features of romanticism predominate in Gorky's early stories. First of all, because they depict a romantic situation of confrontation between a strong man (Danko, Lara, Sokol) and the world around him, as well as the problem of man as an individual in general. The action of the stories and legends is transferred to fantastic conditions (“He stood between the boundless steppe and the endless sea”). The world of the works is sharply divided into light and darkness, and these differences are important when assessing the characters: after Lara there remains a shadow, after Danko - sparks.
The gap between the heroic past and the pitiful, colorless life in the present, between the “should” and the “existent,” between the great “dream” and the “gray era” was the soil on which the romanticism of early Gorky was born.
All the heroes of Gorky's early works are morally emotional and experience mental trauma, choosing between love and freedom, but they still choose the latter, bypassing love and preferring only freedom.
People of this type, as the writer foresaw, can turn out to be great in extreme situations, in days of disasters, wars, revolutions, but they are most often unviable in normal conditions human life. Today, the problems posed by the writer M. Gorky in his early work are perceived as relevant and pressing for solving the issues of our time.
Gorky, who openly declared at the end of the 19th century about his faith in man, in his mind, in his creative, transformative capabilities, continues to arouse interest among readers to this day.
The early works (1892-1899) of M. Gorky are filled with a romantic mood. These are “Makar Chudra”, “Old Woman Izergil”, “Song of the Falcon”. It cannot be stated unequivocally that early stories author are created only within the framework of romanticism: Gorky at the same time creates and realistic works- “Emelyan Pilyai”, “My Companion”, “Konovalov”, “The Orlov Spouses”, “Malva”, etc. M. Gorky’s romanticism is, first of all, an atmosphere - night, ancient stories and legends, incredible love stories and colorful characters. The main concepts of the author’s romantic works are “freedom”, “independence”, “struggle”, which corresponded to the revolutionary spirit of the times: “ Only he is worthy of life and freedom who goes to battle for them every day"(Goethe).
Romantic stories are born from the desire to contrast the tired, measured, monotonous reality with its spiritual poverty and degradation with the rise of human fantasy, heroism, the desire “for freedom, for light,” the thirst for realization in the world, the passion for recognition. Gorky's heroes stand above everyday life and everyday life. They are not content with the “average”; they strive for the high, the eternal.
The center of the story “Makar Chudra” is the clash of two strong and independent characters – Radda and Loiko Zobar. Both long for love, but this is a different love - love is passion, love is fire, love is beauty And love-freedom, love-independence simultaneously. The thirst for freedom reaches the heroes to the extreme: heroes are able to pay for not being subject to someone own life. The love of freedom and beauty of the heroes are poeticized by the author and raised to the ideal. The tragic legend of Radda and Loiko is told by Makar Chudra, who contrasts them to modern man: “They are funny, those people of yours. They’re huddled together and crushing each other, and there’s so much room on earth.”
From conflict between heroes M. Gorky in the story “Old Woman Izergil” moves on to conflict "hero-society". This conflict is deeper, psychologically and socially acute. From numerous legends and stories told by the Old Woman, the images of Larra - the son of a woman and an eagle, Danko - “the best of all”, etc. are born. Larra, for his selfishness and desire to rule over people, was punished by freedom and the impossibility of ending his life earlier than intended: " This is how the man was struck for his pride!" Danko, at the cost of his life, tried to lead his fellow tribesmen to freedom and light: “ It burned so brightly. Like the sun, and brighter than the sun, and the whole forest fell silent, illuminated by this torch of great love for people" But Danko’s sacrifice went unnoticed: because of fatigue, people refused to continue on their way. The story of Izergil herself, which serves as a link between the two legends, is full of dedication and feat, which the author emphasizes the presence of the heroic in man. 
It is noteworthy that in his stories Gorky brings the private to the level of the global. Thus, in “Makar Chudra” the proud figures of Radda and Loiko turned into the clouds, where the second tries, but cannot overtake the first. In “Old Woman Izergil” the sparks of Danko’s heart turned into “ blue sparks of the steppe that appear before a thunderstorm.”
“Song of the Falcon” depicts the collision of two truths – the truth of the Falcon, “ happiness of battle", and the truth of the Snake: " Fly or crawl, the end is known: everyone will fall into the ground, everything will be dust" Despite the measured and thoughtful position of the Snake, the author is on the side of the “fighting” Falcon: “ The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life».
Despite the use of Gorky's works in revolutionary propaganda, their meaning is deeper: these stories are philosophical reflection the author about the nature of humanity in man.
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The first period of the great writer M. Gorky's work was characterized as the period of romanticism.
The main focus of Gorky's romantic works is the image heroic man, ready for a feat in the name of the people. The story “Old Woman Izergil” is of great importance in revealing this image. In it, Gorky showed the fates of two people: Larra and Danko. One of them brought good to people, the other brought evil.
Larra was the son of an eagle, very proud, like his father. Once in his mother's tribe, he spoke with highly respected people as equals. Larra believed that he was the best on earth, and there were no others like him. He treated people like slaves. Pity, respect for others, and love were incomprehensible to him. He was alone and he was proud of himself. He didn't need anything and he didn't give anything to others.
When he brutally killed one girl, people could not come up with a worthy punishment for him. After talking with him, they realized that affection and feelings were alien to him. Larra wanted to be like his father in everything, to be as independent and lonely and proud. But his father was alone. He needs communication, family, love, friendship, responsibility for someone. Then the people from the tribe decided that it was better to leave him alone. Larra walked on the ground for a long time. He got himself everything he wanted, and people could not kill him, protected by God's punishment. And when they realized this, they began to laugh at him. People lost all interest in him. Then Larra became even more lonely. He understood what people had condemned him to, what cruel punishment they had chosen for him. He understood what people feel and how they live. He wanted communication, affection, love, but he could not get this because he was rejected by everyone.
Another hero of the story is Danko. One tribe was attacked by enemies. And they were faced with a choice: surrender to eternal slavery to the enemy or go through an impenetrable forest. They couldn't decide, they all sat and thought. And then Danko appeared. He was a brave and handsome young man. He said: “Do not turn a stone out of the way with your thoughts. If you do nothing, nothing will happen to you. Why do we waste our energy on thoughts and melancholy? Get up, let’s go into the forest and pass through it!” People, frightened by death, shackled by fear and exhausted by thoughts, listened to Danko’s clear and truthful voice. They, weak-willed and weakened, submitted to the good and powerful force radiated by Danko. He gave them hope for good life. However, when people were tired and discouraged, they became ashamed to admit it to themselves. Then they became embittered against Dan-ko. People attacked him and wanted to kill him. Danko could not be angry with them out of pity. He loved people very much, and proved all his love by his actions. Danko tore his heart out of his chest and, lighting the way, led the people through the forest. When people came out of the forest, they, blinded by joy, forgot what a high price Danko had paid for them. He died, his heart scattered in sparks all over the sky, but the image of the hero-liberator will forever live in the hearts of people. “There is always a place for exploits in life,” says old woman Izergil.
In the poem “The Girl and Death” M. Gorky glorifies the feeling of love that defeated death.
The famous play “Song of the Falcon” traces the idea of heroism. Falcon is the personification of a fighter for people's happiness. M. Gorky shows us an ideal hero, who is characterized by courage, heroism, contempt for death and hatred of the enemy. “Madness, courage - this is the wisdom of life! O brave falcon! You bled to death in battle with your enemies. But there will be time - and drops of your hot blood, like sparks, will flare up in the darkness of life and many brave hearts will be ignited with an insane thirst for freedom and light!
Every hero romantic stories M. Gorky is an active, purposeful person who resists evil by all means.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Gorky turned to this literary direction like romanticism. This is explained by the fact that the surrounding reality oppressed the writer; he did not find in real life such heroes who could become an example, a role model. Then such heroes had to be invented. He wanted to glorify the feat, glorify people who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the sake of others.
So in 1898 the story “Old Woman Izergil” appeared. The story can be divided into 3 parts. 1 – the legend of Larra, 2 – the old woman’s story about her life, 3 – the legend of Danko. The story begins and ends with a description of the seashore where Izergil and the author are sitting. This artistic frame links the distant past and the present together.
In works of romanticism, the action most often takes place near the sea, because the sea is a symbol of freedom in romanticism. In Gorky, everything happens against the backdrop of bright southern nature. All the heroes of his romantic works are young and strong beautiful people. These are the features of Gorky’s romantic works.
The first legend tells about the fate of Larra, the son of a girl and an eagle. He was handsome and strong, and most importantly, proud and despised people. He considered himself superior to everyone and did whatever he wanted. He killed a girl who did not want to go with him, and did not respect the elders. And then they decided to punish him - to expel him from the tribe and deprive him of the opportunity to die. This freedom turned out to be a difficult test for the proud man. He still returned to the people because he wanted to die and could not. This is how the man was punished for his pride. In this legend, Gorky debunked individualism and selfishness, showed the loneliness of a person who imagines himself better than others, who believes in his exclusivity.
Part 2 is the old woman’s story about her life. Once she was young, beautiful, loved a lot, and she was loved too. Famous saying, which became an aphorism: “In life there is always a place for heroism...” belongs to her. She really accomplished a feat: she helped the Poles, among whom was her beloved, escape from captivity. However, she accomplished this feat for the sake of her beloved, in the name of her love. Therefore, all she has left in her life are memories. Strength, youth, beauty are gone, it is no coincidence that Gorky paints a portrait of Izergil in old age: she has grown old and nothing reminds of her former attractiveness.
Part 3 – the legend of Danko. It begins with a description of a dark, gloomy forest, a terrible swamp, into which foreign tribes drove people. People began to die. And then the brave, handsome Danko came and saved everyone. He decided to lead people out of the darkness of swamps and forests and for this he did not spare his heart. - What will I do for people? – Danko shouted louder than thunder. He tore his heart out of his chest and raised it high above his head. It glowed like the sun, and brighter than the sun. These hyperboles (he shouted louder than thunder, burned like the sun, and brighter than the sun) help to understand the greatness of Danko’s feat, his willingness to die for the sake of others. He led the tribe out of the darkness of the swamps, saved them, and then fell and died. And then one cautious man stepped on the proud heart so that it would not burn. And now only blue sparks in the steppe remind of Danko’s feat.
Danko is also called proud. But this is a different kind of pride than Larra’s. His desire for independence, the desire to gain freedom himself and help others escape from the darkness of the swamps turned out to be stronger than the fear of death. He sacrificed himself without demanding anything in return. Gorky glorifies such a feat.
The legend of Danko contains many metaphors, hyperboles, and vivid comparisons that help make the work more figurative, emotional, and give the legend solemnity and majesty. Gorky writes in a high style.
To summarize, we can note the following features of the romantic works of A.M. Gorky: exotic landscape, bright, expressive portraits of heroes, emotional intensity of action, abundance of hyperbole and metaphors that add solemnity to the narrative, tragic ending as an affirmation of feat, glorification of self-sacrifice in the name of others.
Early romantic works of A.M. Gorky
Presentation for 11th grade students
“So, to the question: why did I start writing? - I answer: due to the force of pressure on me from the “languorously poor life”... A.M.Gorky
- “The first reason made me try to bring into the “poor” life such fictions, “fictions” as “The Tale of the Falcon and Already”, “The Legend of the Burning Heart”, “The Petrel”...
- Revolutionary forebodings introduced the heroism of struggle and the pathos of the affirmation of a free man into the writer’s work. The rebellious pathos of Gorky's early works took the form of allegorical tales and poems.
- “This inclination towards fantasy...manifests itself in art as an inclination towards romance...”
- V. Vorovsky
- a dream that was ahead of reality
- Gorky's romantic legacy of the 90s:
- 1. “Makar Chudra” - 1892
- 2. “The Girl and Death” 1892
- 4. “About the siskin who lied, and about the woodpecker who loves truth” - 1893.
- 5. “Old Woman Izergil” -1894.
- 6. “Song of the Falcon” - 1895
- 7. “Khan and his son” -1986
"The Girl and Death"
The girl stands before Death, boldly
Expecting a terrible blow.
Death mutters - he took pity on the victim:
- Look how young you are!
Why were you rude to the king there?
I'll kill you for this!
- “Don’t be angry,” the girl answered, “
Why are you angry with me?
Kissed me for the first time, darling
Under the green elderberry bush, -
Was I before the Tsar at that time?
Well, the Tsar, as a sin, flees from the war.
I tell him, the king,
Get out of here, Father!
Okay, as if I'm saying,
And look, it turned out so bad!
Well?! There is nowhere to escape from Death;
Apparently, I will die without loving.
Death! I ask you with my soul -
Give me another kiss!
Death is silent thoughtfully and strictly,
She sees that she can’t interrupt this song!
There is no god in the world more beautiful than the sun,
There is no fire - the fire of love is more wonderful!
There is no more earth or sky.
And the soul is full of unearthly power,
And an unearthly light burns in the soul.
There is no more fear of Fate.
And neither God nor people are needed!
Like a child, I am happy with myself,
And love admires itself!
The romantic works of M. Gorky are characterized by bright colors and rich metaphors.
- Portrait of Loiko
“The mustache fell on the shoulders and laughed
played around with curls, eyes like
clear stars are shining and smiles
ka - the whole sun, by God!
as if it was forged from one
a piece of iron along with a horse.”
- “Words can’t even say about her, this Radda.”
- Nothing. Maybe her beauty could be
- play the violin, and then to the one who played the violin,
- how he sees his soul."
Compositionally early works are built like a story within a story
Introductory story
2nd story
Presentation completed Russian language teacher and literature Gavrilova Tatyana Vladimirovna MKOU "Sosnovskaya Secondary School"
