Works of classical literature, undoubtedly, are the foundations of the foundations: they contain the culture, history, philosophy of the people about whom the authors narrated in their works. Russian literature occupies a fairly significant place in the niche of world classical literature: huge amount works of domestic authors are read with pleasure abroad. We will try to consider 15 of the most iconic works of Russian classical literature, which everyone should be familiar with.
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
The most famous novel in verse tells us unusual story love between the main character, Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana. Their feelings are born in different times and influence the characters in different ways: having fallen in love first, Tatyana, after an explanation with her beloved, withdraws into herself, but, in essence, remains herself. Onegin’s feeling, which flared up much later, changes him beyond recognition. He appears before the reader full of passion and tenderness, having lost his former coldness and pride and is capable of real, sincere, human feeling. Against the background of the main storyline, the remaining actions of the novel unfold, during which the Russian poet raises a huge number of important problems, such as, for example, the social, everyday and cultural way of the entire Russian society of the early 19th century.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"
An immortal play that tells about the sad fate of Russian women, the heartlessness of rich people and the petty-bourgeois character of small people. It was superbly filmed by E. Ryazanov.
Stories by A.P. Chekhov
Chekhov wrote many stories, both funny and tragic. Main character Chekhov is an ordinary person with his own daily affairs and worries. The stories “Rothschild’s Violin”, “Ward No. 6”, “The Cure for Hard-drinking”, “The Man in a Case”, “Tears Invisible to the World”, etc. tell us that no one else understood the soul of the Russian person like Chekhov. Despite the genre, Chekhov's stories are a gem of Russian literature.
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
The main idea of Griboedov's comedy is expressed in the title of the work. The main character, Chatsky, who has returned from abroad, comes to the house of the nobleman Famusov to see his daughter Sophia, his former lover. This is where it happens, his rather unpleasant encounter with everything " Famusovsky society": by Famusov, Sofia, Molchalin, Skalozub themselves, who live fenced off from the world with their stereotypes and long-outdated views of the world. They instantly mistake Chatsky, a progressive, educated man who looks at the world differently, for a madman and a danger to society. The problem of a person who stands out from the stereotypical crowd and because of this is not accepted by society, so acutely posed by Griboyedov, is still relevant to this day.
L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina"
Main storyline This novel is a tragic love story between married Anna Karenina and officer Vronsky. Meeting your true love changes Anna's life, she is ready to sacrifice everything for her, but does not see a reciprocal gesture in her direction from her lover. The heroine, forced to struggle with her own feelings and public contempt, decides to throw herself under a train. The problematics of the work are questions about marriage, love and family that concern modern society no less than at the time of writing this novel.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Tolstoy's epic novel describes the life of Russian society during the period Patriotic War with Napoleon, hence the title of the novel. Scenes of war are replaced by scenes of peaceful life, where hundreds acting heroes reveal to readers their character, their spiritual qualities and life values. Among the huge number of heroes, Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky stand out from the rest, whose names are known even to those who are not familiar with this novel. The first is soft, afraid of committing wrong acts, and non-conflict later becomes a Decembrist. Bolkonsky, presented at the beginning of the novel as cold, tired of the entire society surrounding him, is revealed as a sensitive nature, capable of feats for the sake of his Motherland and for strong feeling towards the woman he loves. This novel certainly deserves the attention of any literature connoisseur for its variety of problems raised and all the brightness and contrast of the social life described.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
The plot of the socio-psychological novel is based on the murder of an old money-lender by Rodion Raskolnikov and his subsequent state of mind, searching for an answer to the question “is he a trembling creature or does he have the right.” The reader is immediately struck by the problem of poverty raised by the author, which, in part, pushes Raskolnikov to commit a terrible act. But here the author’s idea about faith in goodness and love, the ability to forgive and those bright feelings, which must suppress cruelty in the struggle for power.
M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
Sholokhov's novel touches on pictures of the life of the Cossacks, their traditions, customs and life values. Their cruel, strict morals of life make the Cossacks special, and the forbidden love of Gregory and Aksinya unfolding against this background is extraordinary, contrary to all the rules, rebellious, but sincere to the depths of the soul.
N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
Everyone famous comedy Gogol's "The Inspector General" sets as its primary goal the ridicule of the city authorities, who, having learned about the arrival of the inspector, became seriously worried, and then, in his presence, began to openly grovel before him, missing only one important detail- Khlestakov, whom they mistook for an auditor, turned out to be the most ordinary cunning and deceiver from the street. The problems of bribery, neglect of one's duties, pettiness and cowardice are highlighted in Gogol's comedy.
N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
The book tells about the adventures of Chichikov Pavel Ivanovich, the main character of the poem, a former collegiate adviser posing as a landowner. Chichikov arrives in an unnamed town, a certain provincial “city N”, and immediately tries to gain the trust of all any important inhabitants of the city, which he successfully succeeds in doing. The hero becomes an extremely welcome guest at balls and dinners. The townspeople of the unnamed city have no idea about Chichikov’s true goals. And its goal is to buy up or acquire free of charge dead peasants who, according to the census, were still listed as living among local landowners, and then register them in their own name as living.
M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"
It's about spiritual world person. This topic is well covered thanks to the contradictory image of Pechorin. This person is not the most pleasant character, not always noble deeds, but also a very difficult fate. Someone may condemn him for his treatment of Bela, Maksim Maksimych and the princess, someone empathizes with him, especially after his monologue about the difficulty of his fate in “Princess Mary”. Pechorin is a person who is in deep conflict with society, but at the same time, a person who cannot but arouse admiration from this same society for the strength of his personality.
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
The novel became iconic for its time, and the image of the main character Evgeniy Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Ideals such as uncompromisingness, lack of admiration for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful were accepted by the people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov’s worldview.
I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"
The classic hunted a lot in the Oryol province. There he met different people, he followed the life of the Russian people, which he describes in his book. This is a collection of stories published in 1847-1851 in the Sovremennik magazine and published as a separate edition in 1852. Three stories were written and added by the author to the collection much later.
M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
The main theme of the novel “The Master and Margarita” is the search for truth, the search for oneself, one’s personality, one’s direction, life path. The Master’s novel is presented here as truth, but whoever comprehends and finds the truth inevitably becomes mentally ill. One of the main ideas in the novel is also the struggle between good and evil, which affects all the heroes of the novel, intertwining the genres of fiction, satire and philosophy. Although the novel was published in Soviet era, it has become an undisputed classic.
M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
At the heart of the story " Heart of a Dog" - a story about how Professor Preobrazhensky decides to transplant a human pituitary gland and ovaries into a homeless dog. His fantastic experiment ends with the transformation of a cute stray dog into a disgusting representative of the proletariat, Sharikov. The problem of the proletariat, by the way, is one of the main issues of the story. The post-revolutionary structure of society, which causes Preobrazhensky’s undisguised irritation, makes the reader think deeply.
All the romantic pathos that shrouded the Middle Ages is presented in Ivanhoe. Valiant Knights, beautiful ladies, castle sieges and the political subtleties of vassal relations - all this found a place in Walter Scott's novel.
In many ways, it was his creation that contributed to the romanticization of the Middle Ages. The author described historical events, which cover the period in English history after the Third Crusade. Of course, there were serious artistic improvisations and fiction, but this only made the story more fascinating and beautiful.
It was impossible not to include in this selection the most famous creation of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. For many schoolchildren, studying “Dead Souls” is the highlight of their literature lessons.
Nikolai Gogol is one of the few classics who knew how to write about the problems of bourgeois life and Russia as a whole in such a sarcastic and direct tone. There is neither the epic heaviness of Tolstoy nor the unhealthy psychologism of Dostoevsky. Reading the work is easy and pleasant. However, it is unlikely that anyone will deny him the depth and subtlety of the phenomena he noticed.
The adventure novel “The Headless Horseman” is multi-layered: detective and love motives are intertwined in it. Plot intricacies create intrigue and keep you in suspense until the very end. last pages books. Who is this headless horseman? A ghost, a figment of the heroes’ imagination or someone’s insidious trick? You are unlikely to fall asleep until you get the answer to this question.
Charles Dickens was extremely popular during his lifetime. People were waiting for him next novels in much the same way as we are now waiting for the release of some “Transformers”. The educated English public loved his books for their inimitable style and plot dynamism.
"Posthumous Notes" Pickwick Club" - Dickens's funniest work. The adventures of English snobs who proclaimed themselves explorers human souls, full of ridiculous and comical situations. Social issues are certainly present here, but they are presented in such a simple form that it’s hard to love English classic After reading it, it's simply impossible.
"Madame Bovary" is rightfully considered one of greatest novels world classics. This title in no way detracts from the fascination of Flaubert’s creation - a challenging story love adventures Emma Bovary is bold and daring. After the publication of the novel, the writer was even brought to justice for insulting morality.
The psychological naturalism that permeates the novel allowed Flaubert to clearly reveal a problem that is relevant in any era - the convertibility of love and money.
The most famous work Oscar Wilde touches a nerve with his deeply nuanced portrayal of the protagonist. Dorian Gray, an esthete and a snob, has extreme beauty, which contrasts with the internal ugliness that develops throughout the plot. You can spend hours reveling in watching Gray's moral decline, allegorically reflected in the visual change in his portrait.
"American Tragedy" - the wrong side American dream. The desire for wealth, respect, position in society, and money is common to all people, but for most, the path to the top is closed by default for various reasons.
Clyde Griffiths is a man from the lower classes who is trying with all his might to break into high society. He is ready to do anything for his dream. But society, with its ideals of success as an absolute life goal, is itself a catalyst for moral violations. Clyde ends up breaking the law to achieve his goals.
To Kill a Mockingbird is an autobiographical novel. Harper Lee described her childhood memories. The result is a story with an anti-racist message, written in simple and accessible language. Reading the book is useful and interesting; it can be called a moral textbook.
Not long ago, a continuation of the novel entitled “Go Set a Watchman” was published. In it, the images of the characters in the writer’s classic work are turned inside out so much that cognitive dissonance cannot be avoided when reading.
The life hacker may receive a commission from the purchase of products featured in the publication.
Of all the works of world literature, one could easily make a list of hundreds or even thousands of the best. Some of them are required to be studied in school; you become acquainted with other authors in your adult life, and sometimes you carry your favorite works with you throughout your life. Every year new books appear, written by equally talented authors, many of them are successfully filmed, and it seems that printed publications are becoming a thing of the past. But despite this, the best works of world literature remain for modern reader always interesting and relevant.
Today this novel could be called a woman's novel, if not for the skill and special ironic style of the author. Jane Austen very accurately conveys the entire atmosphere that reigned at that time in aristocratic English society. The book touches on issues that always remain relevant: upbringing, marriage, morality, education. The novel, published only 15 years after it was written, completes the top 10 best works of world literature.
Thanks to the novel, the reader is able to plunge into the era that took hold after the First World War in the United States. This work of world literature describes not only the cheerful and carefree life of rich American youth, but also its other side. The author shows that the main character of the novel, Jay Gatsby, wasted his abilities and irrepressible energy on empty goals: a luxurious life and a stupid spoiled woman. The book gained particular popularity in the 50s of the last century. In many English-speaking countries of the world, the work is included in compulsory literature courses.
The book is based on the story of the relationship between an adult man in love and a twelve-year-old girl. The immoral lifestyle of the main character Humbert and young Lolita does not bring them happiness and leads to tragic ending. The work was successfully filmed several times and is still considered one of the best in world literature. Scandalous romance, which, along with problems, brought fame and prosperity to the author, was banned for publication in different years in France, England, South Africa, Argentina, and New Zealand.
This is one of the best works not only of literature, but also of world drama. The plot of the play is based on the tragic story of a Danish prince who wants to take revenge on his uncle for the murder of the king's father. The first production of the work on stage dates back to 1600. Shakespeare himself played the shadow of Hamlet's father. The tragedy has been translated more than 30 times into Russian alone. IN different countries world, the work is sold and enjoys popularity, as in theatrical productions, and on the screen.
The author in his philosophical and psychological novel touches on issues of good and evil, freedom, morality and responsibility. The main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, commits murder for the sake of possible wealth, but pangs of conscience begin to haunt him. The beggar student first hides his gain, and then confesses to the crime. Raskolnikov was sentenced to eight years of hard labor, to serve which his beloved Sonya Marmeladova comes to help him. This work is required for study in a school literature course.
The second work of the ancient Greek poet Homer, written in the 8th century BC, marked the beginning of all world literature. The work tells about life mythical hero Odysseus, who returns after the Trojan War to Ithaca, where his wife Penelope is waiting for him. Along the way, the navigator hero is warned of dangers, but an irresistible desire to be at home with his family, as well as intelligence, prudence, resourcefulness, and cunning help him emerge victorious in battles and return to his wife. Over the years, Homer's poem has been recognized as the best among other works of world literature.
The main work of the life of the modernist writer is a seven-volume epic, called one of the best works of the 20th century. All novels in the series are semi-autobiographical. The prototypes of the heroes were people from the writer’s real environment. All volumes were published in France from 1913 to 1927, the last three of them being published after the author's death. The work is considered a classic French literature, and has been translated into several languages around the world.
One of the key works of the era of realism was first published in France in 1856. A special feature of the novel is the use of elements of literary naturalism in its writing. The author so clearly depicted all the details in the appearance and character of people that there was absolutely nothing left in his work. goodies. According to most modern publications, the work “Madame Bovary” is one of the three best in world literature. This was also noted by I.S. Turgenev, who was a fan of the work of realist prose writer Gustave Flaubert.
An epic novel by the great Russian writer L.N. From the moment of its first publication to this day, Tolstoy is considered a masterpiece of world literature. The book is amazing in its scope. The work shows the life of different strata of Russian society during the era of the Napoleonic wars of 1905-1912. The author, as an expert in the psychology of his people, was able to accurately reflect these features in the character and behavior of his heroes. It is known that the handwritten text of the novel is more than 5 thousand pages. The work "War and Peace" has been translated into different languages world and has been filmed more than 10 times.
The work that topped the list is considered a bestseller in world literature. Main character The novel, created by a Spanish writer, more than once became the prototype for the works of other authors. The personality of Don Quixote has always been under close attention and study by literary scholars, philosophers, classics of world literature and critics. Cervantes' story about the adventures of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza has been filmed more than 50 times, and a virtual museum was even opened in Moscow in honor of the main character.
Surely many people think that classical works by definition, they are long, boring, have been written for many years, and therefore are not always understandable to the modern reader. This is a common mistake. After all, in fact, classics are everything that is not subject to time. The themes revealed in such works are relevant for any century. And if a 19th century author wrote such a book now, it would again become a bestseller. We bring to your attention the best classic ones. They captivated millions of readers. And even those who claim that they are dissatisfied with the author’s creation, believe me, did not remain indifferent.
1.
The novel consists of two different but intertwined parts. The first one is set in modern Moscow, the second one is in ancient Jerusalem. Each part is filled with events and characters - historical, fictional, as well as scary and amazing creatures.
2.
$
What forces move people? They are the result of the actions of individuals - kings, generals - or such feelings as patriotism, or there is a third force that determines the direction of history. The main characters are painfully searching for the answer to this question.
3. $
The novel is based on the experience that Dostoevsky received in hard labor. Student Raskolnikov, who has vegetated in poverty for several months, is convinced that a humane goal will justify the most terrible act, even the murder of a greedy and useless old money-lender.
4.
A novel that was ahead of its time and came out long before the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as postmodernism. The main characters of the work - 4 sons born from different mothers - symbolize those irrepressible elements that can lead to the death of Russia.
5.
Should I stay with my husband, who has always been indifferent to her? inner world and never loved her, or give yourself with all your heart to the one who made her feel happy? Throughout the entire novel, the heroine, the young aristocrat Anna, is tormented by this choice.
6.
The poor young prince returns home to Russia by train. On the way, he meets the son of one of the rich merchants, who is obsessed with a passion for one girl, a kept woman. IN metropolitan society, fixated on money, power and manipulation, the prince turns out to be an outsider.
7. $
Despite the title, the work itself is in no way connected with the mysticism that is mainly inherent in the work of this writer. In the tradition of “harsh” realism, the life of landowners in the Russian province is described, where a former official comes to carry out his scam.
8. $
The young St. Petersburg rake, fed up with love and social entertainment, leaves for the village, where he develops a friendship with a poet who is in love with one of the daughters of a local nobleman. The second daughter falls in love with the rake, but he does not respond to her feelings.
9.
A famous Moscow surgeon decides to conduct a very risky experiment on a stray dog in his large apartment, where he receives patients. As a result, the animal began to turn into a human. But at the same time he acquired all human vices.
10. $
IN provincial town ok, people arrive who, it would seem, cannot be connected by anything. But they know each other, since they belong to the same revolutionary organization. Their goal is to create a political riot. Everything goes according to plan, but one revolutionary decides to quit the game.
11. $
Cult work XIX century. At the center of the story is a student who does not accept traditional public morality and opposes everything old and non-progressive. For him it only represents a price scientific knowledge, which can explain everything. Except love.
12.
He was a doctor by profession, a writer by vocation, whose talent was fully revealed when creating short humorous stories. They quickly became classics all over the world. In them, in an accessible language - the language of humor - human vices are revealed.
13.
This work is on a par with Gogol's poem. In it, the main character is also a young adventurer who is ready to promise everyone something that, in principle, cannot be done. And all for the sake of a treasure that several other people know about. And no one is going to share it.
14. $
After a three-year separation, young Alexander returns to the house of his beloved Sophia to propose to her. However, she refuses him and says that she now loves someone else. The rejected lover begins to blame the society in which Sophia grew up.
15.
What should a real nobleman do if the life of a young noble girl depends on him? Sacrifice yourself, but not lose your honor. This is what guides the young officer when the fortress in which he serves is attacked by the impostor king.
16.
$
Terrible poverty and hopelessness are strangling the old resident of Cuba. One day, as usual, he goes to sea, not hoping for a big catch. But this time he catches a large prey on his hook, with which the fisherman fights for several days, not giving it the opportunity to escape.
17.
Ragin selflessly serves as a doctor. However, his zeal is fading; he sees no point in changing the life around him, because it is impossible to cure the madness that reigns around him. The doctor begins to visit the ward daily where the mentally ill are kept.
18. $
What is more destructive - to do nothing and just indulge in dreams about how to live, or to get off the couch and start implementing your plans? The young and lazy landowner Ilya Ilyich initially occupied the first position, but after he fell in love, he woke up from his sleepy state.
19. $
You can write magnificent works not only about the life of a big city, but also about the life of a small Ukrainian farm. During the day, the usual routines operate here, but at night, power passes to supernatural forces that can both help and at the same time destroy.
20.
A talented surgeon settles illegally in Paris, but is not prevented from practicing medicine. Before moving, he lived in Germany, from which he fled, but at the same time allowed his beloved to die. In a new place, he quickly begins another romance.
21. $
A Russian tutor goes on a trip with the family in which he serves. At the same time, he is secretly in love with the girl Polina. And so that she understands all his nobility, he begins to play roulette in the hope of getting big money. And he succeeds, but the girl does not accept the winnings.
22.
The world of family comfort, nobility and true patriotism is breaking under the onslaught of social catastrophe in Russia. The escaped Russian officers settled in Ukraine and hoped that they would not fall under the rule of the Bolsheviks. But one day the city's defenses weaken and the enemy goes on the offensive.
23. $
Cycle small works, which are written in different artistic manner. Here you can find a romantic duelist and sentimental stories about eternal love, and a harsh picture of reality in which money rules, and because of it a person can lose the most important thing.
24.
What Pushkin failed to do in his time, Dostoevsky did. The work is entirely a correspondence between a poor official and a young girl who also has a small income. But at the same time, the heroes are not poor in soul.
25. $
A story about the invincibility and perseverance of a man who does not want to be someone's faithful soldier. For the sake of freedom, Hadji Murat goes over to the side of the imperial troops, but does this in order to save not himself, but his family, which is captured by the enemy.
26.
$
In these seven works, the author takes us through the streets of St. Petersburg, which was built with the help of strength and ingenuity on swampy terrain. Beneath its harmonious façade lies deception and violence. The inhabitants are confused by the city itself, giving them false dreams.
27.
This collection short stories- first major work, which won the author recognition. It is based on personal observations while hunting on his mother's estate, where Turgenev learned about the mistreatment of peasants and the injustice of the Russian system.
28.
The main character is the son of a landowner, whose property was confiscated by a corrupt and treacherous general. After the death of his father, the hero becomes a criminal. To achieve the ultimate goal - revenge - he resorts to more cunning means: he seduces the daughter of his enemy.
29.
This classic novel written about the war from the perspective of a young German soldier. The hero is only 18 years old, and under the pressure of his family, friends and society, he enters military service and goes to the front. There he witnesses such horrors that he dares not tell anyone about.
30.
Mischievous and energetic, Tom enjoys childhood pranks and games with his friends. One day, at the city cemetery, he witnesses a murder committed by a local tramp. The hero makes a vow that he will never talk about it, and so begins his journey into adulthood.
31.
The story of a pathetic St. Petersburg official whose expensive overcoat was stolen. No one wants to help him return the item, which eventually makes the hero seriously ill. Even during the author’s lifetime, critics adequately appreciated the work from which all Russian realism was born.
32.
The novel is on a par with another work of the author - “The Call of the Wild”. Most « White Fang"is also written from the point of view of the dog whose name appears in the title. This allows the author to show how animals see their world and how they see humans.
33. $
The novel tells the story of 19-year-old Arkady, the illegitimate son of a landowner and a maid, as he struggles to improve his situation and “become a Rothschild,” despite the fact that Russia remains tied to its old value system.
34. $
The novel is about how a hero, who is very broken and disillusioned due to a failed marriage, returns to his estate and finds his love again - only to lose her. This reflects main topic: a person is not destined to experience happiness except something ephemeral.
35. $
A dark and engrossing tale that follows the struggle of an indecisive, alienated hero in a world of relative values. The innovative work introduced the moral, religious, political and social themes that would dominate the author's later masterpieces.
36. $
The narrator arrives in Sevastopol, which is under siege, and makes a detailed inspection of the city. As a result, the reader has the opportunity to study all the features of military life. We find ourselves at a dressing station, where horror reigns, and at the most dangerous bastion.
37. $
The work is partly based on life experience author who took part in the war in the Caucasus. A nobleman, disillusioned with his privileged life, enlists in the army to escape superficiality everyday life. A hero in search of a full life. 38.$
First social novel author who is partly artistic introductory remarks for those who belonged to a previous era, but lived at a time when political and social movements began. This era has already been forgotten, but it is worth remembering.
39. $
One of the greatest and most successful dramatic works. A Russian aristocrat and her family return to their estate to oversee the public auction of their house and huge garden for debt. The old masters are losing in the struggle to new trends in life.
40. $
The hero was sentenced to death on charges of murdering his wife, but was subsequently exiled to Siberian penal servitude for 10 years. Life in prison is difficult for him - he is an intellectual and experiences the anger of other prisoners. Gradually he overcomes his disgust and experiences a spiritual awakening.
41. $
On the eve of his wedding, a young aristocrat learns that his bride was having an affair with the Tsar. This was a blow to his pride, so he renounces everything worldly and becomes a monk. This is how they pass for many years humility and doubt. Until he decides to become a hermit.
42.
The editor falls into the hands of a manuscript that tells about a young and depraved man who worked as a forensic investigator. It becomes one of the "corners" in love triangle, in which a married couple is involved. The outcome of the story is the murder of his wife.
43.
A work banned until 1988, in which, through the fate of one military doctor, the story of a people who perished in the turmoil of the revolution is told. From the general madness, the hero, together with his family, flees into the interior of the country, where he meets someone whom he does not want to let go.
44.
The main character, like all his friends, is a war veteran. He is a poet at heart, but he works for a friend who runs a small tombstone manufacturing business. This money is not enough, and he earns additional income by giving private lessons and playing the organ at a local mental hospital.
45. $
In someone else's war, Frederic falls in love with a nurse and tries to seduce her, after which their relationship begins. But one day the hero is wounded by a fragment of a mortar shell, and he is sent to a Milan hospital. There, far from the war, he heals - both physically and mentally.
46. $
During breakfast, the barber discovers a human nose in his bread. With horror, he recognizes him as the nose of a regular visitor who holds the rank of collegiate assessor. In turn, the injured official discovers the loss and submits an absurd advertisement to the newspaper.
47.
The main character, a boy, seeking independence and freedom, escapes from his alcoholic father by faking his own death. And so begins his journey through the south of the country. He meets a runaway slave and they float down the Mississippi River together.
48. $
The plot of the poem is based on the events that actually took place in St. Petersburg in 1824. The political, historical and existential questions that the author articulates with dazzling force and brevity continue to be the subject of controversy among critics.
49. $
To save his beloved, who was forcibly taken away evil sorcerer, the warrior Ruslan will have to go on an epic and dangerous journey, encountering many fantastic and terrible creatures. This is a dramatic and witty retelling of Russian folklore.
50. $
The most famous play describes a family of aristocrats who have difficulty finding any meaning in their lives. Three sisters and their brother live in a remote province, but they struggle to return to the sophisticated Moscow where they grew up. The play captures the decline of the “masters of life.”
51. $
The hero is obsessed with an all-consuming love for one princess, who is unlikely to know about his existence. One day socialite receives an expensive bracelet for his birthday. The husband finds a secret admirer and asks him to stop compromising a decent woman.
52. $
In this classic literary representation gambling the author explores the nature of obsession. Secret and otherworldly clues alternate with the story of the passionate Herman, who wants to make his fortune at the card table. The secret of success is known to one old woman.
53. $
Muscovite Gurov is married and has a daughter and two sons. However, he is not happy in family life and often cheats on his wife. While vacationing in Yalta, he sees a young lady walking along the embankment with her small dog, and is constantly looking for opportunities to get to know her.
54. $
This collection is in some ways the culmination of the work he did throughout his life. The stories were written on the eve of a terrible world war in the context of collapsing Russian culture. The action of each work concentrates on a love theme.
55. $
The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous narrator who recalls his youth, in particular his time in a small town west of the Rhine. Critics consider the hero to be a classic “superfluous person” - indecisive and undecided of his place in life.
56. $
Four laconic plays, later known as "Little Tragedies", were written at the time of the rise creative forces, and their influence is difficult to overestimate. Being the author's adaptation of plays by Western European authors, "Tragedies" offers readers current problems.
57. $
This story takes place in Europe, in a hedonistic society during the Roaring Twenties. A rich girl with schizophrenia falls in love with her psychiatrist. As a result, a whole saga of troubled marriages, love affairs, duels and incest unfolds.
58. $
Some scholars identify three poems in the work of this author, which embody one original idea. One of them is, of course, “Mtsyri”. The main character is a 17-year-old monk who was forcibly taken away from his village as a child, and one day he escapes.
59. $
A completely young mongrel runs away from his permanent owner and finds a new one. He turns out to be an artist who performs in a circus with acts in which animals participate. Therefore, a separate number is immediately invented for the smart little dog.
60. $
In this story, among its many themes, such as Europeanized Russian society, adultery and provincial life, the theme of a woman comes to the fore, or rather, the planning of a murder by a woman. The title of the work contains a reference to Shakespeare's play.
61. Leo Tolstoy - Fake coupon
Schoolboy Mitya desperately needs money - he needs to repay his debt. Depressed by this situation, he follows the evil advice of his friend, who showed him how to change the denomination of a banknote. This act sets off a chain of events that affects the lives of dozens of other people.
62.
Proust's most important work, known for its length and theme of involuntary memories. The novel began to take shape back in 1909. The author continued to work on it until his last illness, which forced me to stop working.
63. $
The lengthy poem tells the story of seven peasants who set out to ask various groups of the village population if they were happy. But wherever they went, they were always given an unsatisfactory answer. Of the planned 7-8 parts, the author wrote only half.
64. $
The story is about the sad life of a young girl who lived in extreme poverty and suddenly became an orphan, but she is adopted by a rich family. When she meets her new stepsister, Katya, she instantly falls in love with her and the two soon become inseparable.
65. $
The main character is a classic Hemingway hero: a violent guy, an underground liquor dealer who smuggles weapons and transports people from Cuba to the Florida Keys. He risks his life, dodges the Coast Guard's bullets and manages to outsmart them.
66. $
While traveling on a train, one of the passengers overhears a conversation going on in the compartment. When one woman argues that marriage should be based on true love, he asks her: what is love? In his opinion, love quickly turns into hatred, and tells its own story.
67. Leo Tolstoy - Notes of a Marker
The narrator is a simple marker, a person who keeps score and places the balls on the billiard table. If the game turns out well and the players are not stingy, then he gets a good reward. But one day a very gambling young man appears at the club.
68. $
The main character is looking for peace in Polesie, which should invigorate him. But in the end he ends up with unbearable boredom. But one day, having lost his way, he comes across a hut where an old woman and her beautiful granddaughter are waiting for him. After this magical meeting, the hero becomes a frequent visitor here.
69. $
The focus is on a tall and powerfully built janitor. He falls in love with a young washerwoman and wants to marry her. But the lady decides differently: the girl goes to the always drunk shoemaker. The hero finds his solace in caring for a small dog.
70. $
One evening, three sisters shared their dreams with each other: what they would do if they became the wives of the king. But only the third sister’s pleas were heard - Tsar Saltan took her in marriage and ordered her to give birth to an heir by a certain date. But envious sisters begin to play dirty tricks.
Historically, everything in Russia is not the same as in other countries. Here special way development of literature, the Russian soul is incomprehensible and mysterious to anyone. Russia balances between Asia and Europe. Therefore, the genres of Russian classics are special. Classic literature amazes readers with its spirituality and truthfulness. One of the main characters in classical Russian literature is the soul. Heroes of dramas, novels and poems do not strive for wealth, fame or position, the main thing for them is the search for a place in life, ideals and truth. Distinctive feature Russian literature has become an eternal search for spiritual and moral ideals.
At the beginning of the 19th century, poets turned to the life of the soul and all its diversity. Mikhail Lermontov and Alexander Pushkin reached the heights of poetry. The poems sound love for the homeland, joy and pain for it, admiration for nature, the desire for freedom, the bitterness of loss, the joy of friendship, love. Poetry reveals images of people who are looking for the use of their strengths, suffering from their imperfections and the imperfections of the world around them. These heroes were called extra people. These two poets took a step towards realism.
Three novelists were very popular in the second half of the 19th century: Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev and Fyodor Dostoevsky. They were different people, had different views, complex characters and talents that were completely different. They created great novels - Russian classics, which can be read online today on many sites. These works greatly affected the life of the Russian people.
Another feature of Russian classics is ridicule of the shortcomings of man and society, a critical look at reality. Satire and humor - characteristic features works by Saltykov-Shchedrin and Gogol. Critics said that the writers were engaged in slander. Readers understood that behind the humor lies suffering. The characters were both tragic and comic at the same time. Their main task is to excite souls.
Many writers were also talented playwrights. Read books of Russian classics online, it is convenient and relevant in our time. Pay attention to the following works: “Boris Godunov” by Pushkin, “The Inspector General” and “Woe from Wit” by Gogol. At one time, these works were a real event. Alexander Ostrovsky made a real revolution in the theater.
At the end of the 19th century, novellas and short stories became popular. The masters of these genres were Anton Chekhov and Ivan Bunin. Chekhov created a gallery of sad and comical images, showing the problems of an intellectual who is at odds with himself. Bunin became famous thanks to his stories about love. These works very subtly described all the stages and shades of feelings.
