Leonid Andreev is considered the founder of expression in Russian literature. Below we have collected the basic facts about life and present to your attention a short biography of Leonid Andreev.

Family, childhood and interesting facts

The future writer was born in the city of Orel, his father Nikolai Ivanovich Andreev was a land surveyor and a fairly wealthy man, and his mother Anastasia Nikolaevna Patskovskaya was the daughter of a landowner from Poland, who, however, went bankrupt.

Already at a young age, Leonid was interested in reading and literature. In 1882 he entered the Oryol classical gymnasium, where he studied until 1891. Schopenhauer and Hartmann were close to him, if we talk about their work, and the young man enjoyed reading their works. The work of these people, undoubtedly, greatly influenced the creative biography of Leonid Andreev in the future.

Leonid Andreev was endowed with great impressionability and a good imagination, but in his youth this did not always turn out to be useful for him. Once in the biography of Leonid Andreev, an amazing incident occurred - being in a fit of emotion, and under great impression, Andreev decided to test his will and courage, for which he lay down on the railway tracks while a steam locomotive passed above him. Fortunately, the seventeen-year-old boy remained safe and sound.

Education and first works in the biography of Leonid Andreev

After graduating from high school, Leonid Andreev decided to enter St. Petersburg University and study to become a lawyer. At that time, the financial situation was extremely difficult, since Andreev’s father died, and Leonid himself began to drink heavily. There were days when he sat from hand to mouth. The literary biography of Leonid Andreev began with the fact that while living in St. Petersburg, he began to write his first works - these were short stories. However, they failed to be published, and the editors even chuckled a little when they read his first works.

Soon, Leonid Andreev was expelled from St. Petersburg University for large tuition arrears, and the writer went to Moscow. There he did not give up, because he entered the Faculty of Law again, only at Moscow University. Here the finances were simpler; in Moscow there were many comrades who helped with money, and in addition, as Andreev himself noted later, the “committee” also provided assistance.

Speaking about the biography of Leonid Andreev, one cannot fail to mention that in 1894 Andreev experienced love disappointment, so strong that the writer even tried to kill himself. However, the shot was unsuccessful. Leonid Andreev repented of what he had done in the church, but acquired a lifelong heart defect, which in the future became the cause of death.

The troubled times continued. Andreev was again in great need. In addition to needing to provide for himself, he fed his mother and also helped his brothers and sisters, who also moved to Moscow. I had to earn whatever I could; Andreev even painted portraits to order.

Successes in the literary biography of Leonid Andreev

In 1897, Leonid Andreev did an excellent job in his final exams, and got the opportunity to work as a lawyer, which he lived in until 1902. And immediately after that he went to work for the newspapers “Courier” and “Moskovsky Vestnik”, where he worked as a journalist. In the biography of Leonid Andreev, it is interesting to note that under his feuilletons he signed the pseudonym James Lynch.

A noticeable breakthrough in creative biography Leonid Andreev occurred in 1898. This year was marked by the fact that the newspaper "Courier" published Leonid Andreev's debut work "Bargamot and Garaska" (read the summary of "Bargamot and Garaska"). Andreev said that in essence this story is an imitation of Dickens (read a short biography of Charles Dickens). However, thanks to this story, Maxim Gorky drew the attention of Andreev (read the short biography of Maxim Gorky). Gorky invited Leonid Andreev to join the “Knowledge” association, which consisted mostly of young writers.

If we talk about real fame in the biography of Leonid Andreev, then it must be said that it appeared in 1901, when the magazine “Life” published Andreev’s story “Once upon a time.”

Recent years

After the October Revolution, Andreev said that he could not understand and accept it. And when Finland separated from Russia, Leonid Andreev found himself in the status of an emigrant, at that time he wrote the works “The Diary of Satan”, imbued with hatred of the Bolsheviks.

Leonid Andreev died from a heart defect acquired in his youth in 1919 in Marioki.

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Famous writer. Genus. in Orel in 1871; his father was a land surveyor. He studied at the Oryol gymnasium and at the universities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, at the Faculty of Law. The student was in great need. It was then that he wrote his first story “about... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Russian writer. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1897). He began publishing as a feuilletonist in 1895. Early creativity A. expressed democratic… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Andreev, Leonid Nikolaevich- Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev. ANDREEV Leonid Nikolaevich (1871 1919), Russian writer. Expressionism in the depiction of crisis situations: tests of faith in the story “The Life of Vasily of Fivey” (1904); the madness and horror of war in the story “Red Laughter” (1905) ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1871 1919), Russian. writer. Romantic the nature of creativity, a pronounced personal principle, the sharply subjective nature of worldview reveal typological. similarity poetic worlds of A. and L. Organic for A. problems of loneliness, social... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (1871 1919) Russian writer. Early stories wore democratic and realistic character(Bargamot and Garaska, 1898). Sympathizing with the revolutionaries (The Story of the Seven Hanged Men, 1908), he portrayed the revolution as a spontaneous rebellion (Savva, 1906);... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Andreev, Leonid Nikolaevich, gifted writer. Born in Orel in 1871. His father, the son by blood of a leader of the nobility and a serf girl, was a land surveyor; mother of Polish origin. He remembers his childhood as clear and carefree. Studied at... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (1871 1919), Russian writer. In early realistic stories, the search for social justice (“Bargamot and Garaska”, 1898). Sympathizing with the revolutionaries (“The Story of the Seven Hanged Men”, 1908), he portrayed the revolution as a spontaneous rebellion (“Savva”, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1871, Orel 1919, Neivala village, near Mustamäki, Finland), writer. In 189192 he was passing through Moscow. In 1893, expelled from St. Petersburg University for non-payment, he transferred to the Faculty of Law. In 1895 to Moscow... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

ANDREEV Leonid Nikolaevich- (18711919), Russian writer. Stories “Bargamot and Garaska” (1898), “Grand Slam” (1899), “The Story of Sergei Petrovich” (1900), “Thought” (1902), “The Life of Vasily Fiveysky”, “Red Laughter” (both 1904) , “The Governor” (1906), “The Story of ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

Portrait (1871 1919), Russian writer. Born on August 21, 1871 in Orel in the family of a minor official. After graduating from the local gymnasium, he entered St. Petersburg University. Transferred to the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, which he graduated from... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

Books

L. N. Andreev. Complete collection of works and letters in 23 volumes. Volume 13. Articles 1895-1900, Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich. The volume presents articles by L. N. Andreev, written in 1895-1900. ISBN:978-5-02-036248-2, 978-5-02-039070-6…
Sashka Zhegulev, Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich. Leonid Andreev (1871-1919) - one of the brightest representatives of literature Silver Age, the founder of Russian expressionism, in whose prose everyday life is intricately intertwined...

Russian literature of the Silver Age

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev

Biography

Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich (1871 - 1919), prose writer, playwright.

Born on August 9 (21 NS) in the city of Orel in the family of an official. At the age of six he learned to read “and read extremely a lot, everything that came to hand.” At the age of 11 he entered the Oryol gymnasium, from which he graduated in 1891. early childhood“I felt a passionate attraction to painting,” I painted a lot, but since there were no schools or teachers in Orel, “the whole thing was limited to fruitless amateurism.” Despite such a strict assessment by Andreev himself of his painting, his paintings were subsequently exhibited at exhibitions next to the works of professionals and reproduced in magazines. In his youth he did not think of becoming a writer.

At the age of 26, having graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, he was planning to become a sworn attorney and took this activity very seriously, but unexpectedly received an offer from a lawyer he knew to take the place of a court reporter in the Moskovsky Vestnik newspaper. Having received recognition as a talented reporter, literally two months later he moved to the Kurier newspaper. Thus began the birth of the writer Andreev: he wrote numerous reports, feuilletons, and essays. The very first story, “Bargamot and Garaska” (1898), published in “Courier,” attracted the attention of readers and delighted Gorky. The plots of many works of this time were directly suggested by life, for example, the story “Petka at the Dacha” (1899). In 1889 - 99, new stories by L. Andreev appeared, including “The Grand Slam” and “Angel”, which are distinguished from the first stories (based on incidents from life) by the author’s interest in chance, chance in human life. In 1901, the St. Petersburg publishing house "Znanie", headed by Gorky, published "Stories" by L. Andreev, including famous story- “Once upon a time.” The success of the writer, especially among young people, was enormous. Andreev was worried about increasing alienation and loneliness modern man, his lack of spirituality - the stories “City” (1902), “In the Grand Slam” (1899). Early Andreev is concerned with themes fatal accident, madness and death - “Thought” (1902), “The Life of Vasily of Fiveysky” (1903), “Ghosts” (1904). In 1904, at the height of the Russo-Japanese War, Andreev wrote the story “Red Laughter,” which determined new stage in his work. The madness of war is expressed in symbolic image Red laughter, beginning to dominate the world. During the revolution of 1905, Andreev provided assistance to the revolutionaries, for which he was arrested and imprisoned. However, he was never a convinced revolutionary. His doubts were reflected in his work: the play “To the Stars,” imbued with revolutionary pathos, appeared simultaneously with the story “It Was So,” which skeptically assessed the possibilities of the revolution. In 1907 - 10 such modernist works as “Sava”, “Darkness”, “Tsar Hunger” were published. philosophical dramas- “Human Life”, “Black Masks”, “Anatema”. During these years, Andreev began to actively collaborate with the modernist almanacs of the publishing house "Rosehovnik". In the 1910s, none of Andreev’s new works became a literary event, nevertheless Bunin writes in his diary: “Still, this is the only one modern writers, to whom I am attracted, whose every new thing I immediately read.” Latest major work Andreev, written under the influence of world war and revolution, “Notes of Satan.” Andreev did not accept the October Revolution. At that time he lived with his family at a dacha in Finland and in December 1917, after Finland gained independence, he found himself in exile. Andreev died on September 12, 1919 in the village of Neivola in Finland.

Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich was born on August 9, 1871 in the city of Orel. His father was an official. I started reading at the age of six, and read a lot. At the age of eleven he was admitted to the Oryol gymnasium, and graduated from it in 1891. From early childhood he was drawn to painting, he painted a lot of pictures, although he did not study anywhere. As a result, his paintings were exhibited next to paintings by professionals. Then he studied to become a lawyer at Moscow University. In the future I wanted to become a sworn attorney, but unexpectedly I received an offer for the position of a court reporter in the local newspaper Moskovsky Vestnik. A couple of months later I changed the newspaper to Kurier. In this newspaper he published his first creation, “Bargamot and Garaska” in 1898. He took some of the plots of his stories from life – “Petka at the Dacha”, 1899. Over the next year, Andree wrote the stories “Grand Slam”, “Angel”.

The year is 1901, the publishing house “Znanie” publishes “Stories” by Andreev, including “Once Upon a Time.” In the stories “The City” of 1902 and “In the Big Helmet,” the author worries about moving away from his spiritual contemporary. He is also interested in the themes of death and madness, a fatal accident of fate - the stories “Thought” 1902, “The Life of Vasily Fiveysky” 1903. “Red Laughter” 1904 is a cry from the soul about the madness of war, which is beginning to dominate the world (the height of the Russian- Japanese war). In 1905 Andreev was imprisoned for helping the revolutionaries. Later he began to have doubts about the beliefs of the revolution. And the play “To the Stars” and the story “So It Was” appeared on paper. “Sava”, “Darkness”, “Tsar Hunger” - works in a modernist manner, and philosophical dramas - “Anatema”, “Human Life”, “Black Masks”, were published in 1907 - 1910. During these same years, the writer began collaborating with the almanacs of the Rosehip publishing house.

Biography

Creativity, basic ideas

Works

Stories

Novels and stories

Film adaptations of works

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev(August 9 (21), 1871, Orel, Russian Empire - September 12, 1919, Neivola, Finland) - Russian writer. Representative of the Silver Age of Russian literature. Considered the founder of Russian expressionism.

Biography

Childhood

Born in Orel into a wealthy family of land surveyor Nikolai Ivanovich Andreev (1847-1889) and Anastasia Nikolaevna Andreeva (Patskowskaya), the daughter of a bankrupt Polish landowner. Since childhood, he showed interest in reading. He studied at the Oryol classical gymnasium (1882-1891). He was fond of the works of Schopenhauer and Hartmann.

Youth

His youthful impressionability and developed imagination prompted him to take reckless actions several times: at the age of 17, he decided to test his willpower and lay down between the rails in front of an approaching locomotive, but remained unharmed.

After graduating from high school, Andreev entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University; After his father’s death, his family’s financial situation worsened, and Andreev himself began to abuse alcohol. At one time, Andreev even had to go hungry. In St. Petersburg, I tried to write my first stories, but, as Andreev recalls in his memoirs, they were returned from the editorial office with laughter. Expelled for non-payment, he entered the Law Faculty of Moscow University. In Moscow, in Andreev’s own words: “materially life was better: comrades and the committee helped.”

In 1894, after a love failure, Andreev tried to commit suicide. The consequence of an unsuccessful shot was church repentance and a heart defect, which subsequently caused the death of the writer. After this incident, Leonid Andreev was again forced to live in poverty: now he needed to feed his mother, his sisters and brothers, who had moved to Moscow. He supported himself by doing odd jobs, teaching, and painting portraits to order. Did not participate in political activities.

In 1897 he successfully passed the final exams at the university, which opened the way for him to become a lawyer, which he practiced until 1902. In the same year he began his journalistic career in the newspapers Moskovsky Vestnik and Courier. He signed his feuilletons with the pseudonym “James Lynch.” In 1898, his first story was published in the Courier: “Bargamot and Garaska.” According to Andreev, the story was an imitation of Dickens, but the young author was noticed by Maxim Gorky, who invited Andreev to the “Knowledge” publishing partnership, which unites many young writers.

The first Russian revolution and pre-war years

Real fame came to Andreev after the publication of his story “Once Upon a Time” in the magazine “Life” in 1901.

In 1902, Andreev married A. M. Veligorskaya, the great-niece of Taras Shevchenko. In the same year, he became the editor of the Courier, and was forced to give the police a written undertaking not to leave the place because of his connection with revolutionary-minded students. Thanks to the help of Maxim Gorky, the first volume of his works was published in large quantities. During these years, the direction of creativity and its literary style became clear.

In 1905 he welcomed the First Russian Revolution; hid hiding members of the RSDLP in his home, on February 10 he was put in prison because the day before a secret meeting of the Central Committee was held at his apartment (on February 25 he was released on bail paid by Savva Morozov). In the same year, he will write the story “The Governor,” which became a response to the murder of Moscow Governor-General Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich on February 17 by the Socialist-Revolutionary I. Kalyaev.

In 1906, the writer was forced to leave for Germany, where his second son, Daniel, was born, who would later become a writer (he wrote the treatise “Rose of the World”). His wife dies from childbirth (she is buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Convent cemetery). Andreev leaves for Capri (Italy), where he lives with Gorky. After the start of the reaction in 1907, Andreev became disillusioned with the revolution itself. He moves away from Gorky's revolutionary-minded writing circle.

In 1908 Andreev moved to own house to Wammelsa. In the Villa "Advance" (the name was chosen because the house was built with an advance from the publisher), Leonid Andreev writes his first dramatic works.

Since 1909, he has been actively collaborating with modernist almanacs from the publishing house "Rosehovnik".

The First World War, the 1917 Revolution and the death of the writer

Leonid Andreev met the beginning of the First World War with enthusiasm:

During the war, Andreev published a drama about military events in Belgium (“The King, Law and Freedom”). However, the writer’s works at that time were mainly devoted not to war, but to bourgeois life, the theme of the “little man.”

After the February Revolution of 1917, he was a member of the editorial board of the reactionary newspaper Russkaya Volya.

October Revolution did not accept and did not understand. After the separation of Finland from Russia, he ended up in exile. Latest works The writer is imbued with pessimism and hatred of the Bolshevik authorities (“Diary of Satan”, “SOS”).

On September 12, 1919, Leonid Andreev died suddenly from a heart defect. He was buried in Marioki. In 1956 he was reburied in Leningrad at the Volkov cemetery.

In 1991, the house-museum of Leonid Andreev was opened in Orel, the writer’s homeland.

Addresses in St. Petersburg - Petrograd

1907−1908 — apartment building K. Kh. Geldalya - Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, 13;
1914−1917 - apartment building of K. I. Rosenstein - Bolshoi Avenue, 75.

Creativity, basic ideas

The first works of Leonid Andreev, largely under the influence of the disastrous conditions in which the writer then found himself, are imbued with critical analysis modern world(“Bargamot and Garaska”, “City”). However, back in early period The writer’s creative work revealed his main motives: extreme skepticism, disbelief in the human mind (“The Wall”, “The Life of Basil of Thebes”), and a passion for spiritualism and religion arises (“Judas Iscariot”). The stories “The Governor”, “Ivan Ivanovich” and the play “To the Stars” reflect the writer’s sympathy for the revolution. However, after the start of the reaction in 1907, Leonid Andreev abandoned all revolutionary views, believing that a revolt of the masses could only lead to great casualties and great suffering (see “The Story of the Seven Hanged Men”). In his story “Red Laughter,” Andreev painted a picture of the horrors of modern war (a reaction to the Russo-Japanese War of 1905). The dissatisfaction of his heroes with the surrounding world and order invariably results in passivity or anarchic rebellion. The writer's dying writings are imbued with depression and the idea of the triumph of irrational forces.

Despite the pathetic mood of the works, literary language Andreeva, assertive and expressive, with emphasized symbolism, met with a wide response in the artistic and intellectual environment pre-revolutionary Russia. Maxim Gorky, Roerich, Repin, Blok, Chekhov and many others left positive reviews about Andreev. Andreev's works are distinguished by sharp contrasts, unexpected plot twists, combined with the schematic simplicity of the style. Leonid Andreev is recognized as a bright writer of the Silver Age of Russian literature.

Works

Stories

Plays

1906 — “To the Stars”
1907 — “The Life of a Man”
1907 - “Savva”
1908 — “Tsar Hunger”
1909 — “Anatema”
1909 - “Days of Our Lives”
1910 — “Anfisa”
1910 - "Gaudeamus"
"Katerina Ivanovna"
"Thought"
"The One Who Gets Slapped"

Novels and stories

1903 — “The Life of Vasily Fiveysky”
1905 — “The Governor”
1907 — “Judas Iscariot and others”
1911 - “Sashka Zhegulev”
1916 — “The Yoke of War”
1919 - “The Diary of Satan” (not finished)

Film adaptations of works

1916 - The one who gets slapped ( Russian Empire)
1924 - The One Who Gets Slapped (USA)
1987 - Christians
1990 - Purification
1991 - Night of Sinners (based on the story “Darkness”) (also called “The Highest Truth of Bomber Alexei”)
2009 - Abyss (Russia)

ANDREEV Leonid Nikolaevich (1871-1919), prose writer, playwright.

Born on August 9 (21 NS) in the city of Orel in the family of an official. At the age of six he learned to read “and read extremely a lot, everything that came to hand.” At the age of 11 he entered the Oryol gymnasium, from which he graduated in 1891. From early childhood “I felt a passionate attraction to painting”, I painted a lot, but since there were no schools or teachers in Oryol, “the whole matter was limited to fruitless amateurism.” Despite such a strict assessment by Andreev himself of his painting, his paintings were subsequently exhibited at exhibitions next to the works of professionals and reproduced in magazines. In his youth he did not think of becoming a writer.

In 1901, the St. Petersburg publishing house "Znanie", headed by Gorky, published the first collection of stories by L. Andreev, including the famous story "Once upon a time." The success of the writer, especially among young people, was enormous.

Andreev was worried about the increasing alienation and loneliness of modern man, his lack of spirituality - the story “The City” (1902). Early Andreev was concerned with the themes of fatal accident, madness and death “Thought” (1902), “The Life of Vasily Fiveysky” (1903), “Ghosts” (1904).

In 1904, at the height of the Russian-Japanese War, Andreev wrote the story “Red Laughter,” which defined a new stage in his work. The madness of war is expressed in the symbolic image of the Red Laughter, which begins to dominate the world.

During the revolution of 1905, Andreev provided assistance to the revolutionaries, for which he was arrested and imprisoned. However, he was never a convinced revolutionary. His doubts were reflected in his work: the play “To the Stars,” imbued with revolutionary pathos, appeared simultaneously with the story “It Was So,” which skeptically assessed the possibilities of the revolution.

In 1907㬆 such works as “Sava”, “Darkness”, the play “Tsar Hunger”, the philosophical drama “Human Life” were published, first staged by the V. Komissarzhevskaya Theater in St. Petersburg, and then in Germany Munich and Dusseldorf, " Black masks", "Anatema". During these years, Andreev began to actively collaborate with the modernist almanacs of the publishing house "Rosehovnik".

In the 1910s, none of Andreev’s new works became a literary event, nevertheless, Bunin writes in his diary: “Still, this is the only modern writer to whom I am attracted, whose every new thing I immediately read.”

In 1907 the writer became a laureate literary prize them. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg.

Andreev's last major work, written under the influence of world war and revolution, is “Notes of Satan.”

Andreev did not accept the October Revolution. At that time he lived with his family at a dacha in Finland and in December 1917, after Finland gained independence, he found himself in exile.