Mariinsky Theater. MARIINSKY THEATER (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), opera and ballet theater in Saint Petersburg e. Opened in 1860 with the production of the opera “A Life for the Tsar” by M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater rebuilt in 1859 Theater Square… … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
MARIINSKY THEATER- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, from 1860 to modern building(architect A.K. Kavos), then received modern name; in 1919 1991 State academic theater opera and ballet, since 1935. S. M. Kirov, since 1992... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
MARIINSKY THEATER- (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), Opera and Ballet Theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 with the production of the opera Life for the Tsar by M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater on Teatralnaya Square, rebuilt in 1859 (reconstructed in 1968 1970). One... ...Russian history
Mariinsky Theater- (see Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov). Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic reference book. M.: Bolshaya Russian Encyclopedia. Ed. board: Belova L.N., Buldakov G.N., Degtyarev A.Ya. et al. 1992 ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
Mariinsky Theater- Mariinsky Theatre, see Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
Mariinsky Theater- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, from 1860 in a modern building (architect A.K. Kavos), then it received its modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, since 1935 named after S. M. Kirov ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Mariinsky Theater Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Mariinsky Theater- in St. Petersburg. open Oct 2 1860 revival of the opera Life for the Tsar. Rebuilt by architect A.K. Kavos from the circus theater that burned down in 1859. IN lately(1894 96) the theater was completely rebuilt. Significant works, in order to improve... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Mariinsky Theater- see Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater... Music Encyclopedia
Mariinsky Theater- MARIINSKY THEATER, see Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater... Ballet. Encyclopedia
Books
- Mariinsky Ballet: a view from Moscow, Tatyana Kuznetsova. This book is a stage portrait of the St. Petersburg troupe, seen through the eyes of a Muscovite. Here are the performances that the theater presented as hits in its seasons from 1997 to 2012:... Buy for 632 rubles
- Bolshoi Theater. Culture and politics. New history, Solomon Volkov. A living, unorthodox history of the interaction between politics and art, government and society, the Tsar and the Theater. The Bolshoi Theater is one of the most famous brands in Russia. In the West, the word Bolshoi is not…
It was opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, from 1860 in a modern building (architect A.K. Kavos), at the same time it received its modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, since 1935. S. M. Kirov, since 1992... ...
- (Petersburg) (in 1914 24 Petrograd in 1924 91 Leningrad), a city in Russian Federation, center of the Leningrad region. St. Petersburg is the most important industrial, scientific and cultural center Russia. Large transport hub (railway, highway) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (b. 1961) Russian ballet dancer, Honored Artist of Russia (1983). Since 1978 at the Opera and Ballet Theater. Kirov (now the Mariinsky Theater). Performer of leading roles in the classical repertoire: Odette Odile ( Swan Lake), Giselle (… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Mariinsky Ballet: a view from Moscow, Tatyana Kuznetsova. This book is a stage portrait of the St. Petersburg troupe, seen through the eyes of a Muscovite. Here are the performances that the theater presented as hits in its seasons from 1997 to 2012:...
- Bolshoi Theater. Culture and politics. New history, Solomon Volkov. A living, unorthodox history of the interaction between politics and art, government and society, the Tsar and the Theater. The Bolshoi Theater is one of the most famous brands in Russia. In the West, the word Bolshoi is not... audiobook
- Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov,. The book-album is dedicated to the Leningrad Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov, which has now been returned to its historical name - the Mariinsky Theater. The history of this theater is…
The Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg is one of the galaxy of world-class stage venues. Its visit is an important point in the tourist program of your stay in Northern capital Russia. The official website of the Mariinsky Theater helps you get acquainted with the theater's repertoire and book tickets for performances in advance.
Empress Catherine II is considered the ideological founder of the theater. By her order, a theater troupe was organized, which performed in the premises of the capital's conservatory. In 1783, the opening of the circus theater building took place on Carousel Square (later changed its name to Teatralnaya). As a result of the fire, the old building burned down. New theater The construction was entrusted to the Italian architect Alberto Cavos. The troupe was under the patronage of the imperial family, and therefore received the name of the wife of Emperor Alexander II - Maria Alexandrovna. The opening of the Mariinsky Theater was marked premiere show opera “A Life for the Tsar” by M. Glinka.
At the end of the 19th century. the interior space has undergone a change. The architect V. Shreter significantly supplemented the theater complex with premises with workshops and dressing rooms. The stage was converted for choreographic performances. After the establishment of Bolshevik power, the Mariinsky Theater was transferred to the care of the Commissariat of Education. During the Great Patriotic War, the troupe was evacuated beyond the Urals. In Perm, the artists continued to stage performances and returned to Leningrad after the blockade was lifted. At the beginning of the 21st century. The Mariinsky Theater has new stages in St. Petersburg and branches in other cities. Since the late 80s. The artistic director is conductor V. Gergiev.
Reconstructions and first performance
On October 2, 1860, the first performance was given in the building of the Mariinsky Theater. For the premiere they chose Mikhail Glinka’s patriotic opera “A Life for the Tsar”. She became " business card"famous St. Petersburg theater. However, historians believe that the title of the first production should go to G. Paisiello’s opera “The Moonlight World”.
The main building of the Mariinsky Theater has undergone several reconstructions:
- in 1802-1803 (designed by Thomas de Thomon) layout and appearance changed
- 1968–1970 (designed by Salome Gelfer) the left wing of the building was enlarged, the removal of crystal fragments embedded in the walls disrupted the acoustics of the hall
Return of the historical name
After establishing Soviet power in 1917 the name of the theater was abolished. It began to be called State. In 1919, the team was awarded the title of Academic. In the 30s In memory of S. Kirov, the theater was awarded the right to bear his name.
The theater troupe was awarded honorary orders twice:
- Lenin (1939)
- October Revolution (1983)
In January 1992, the Leningrad Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov received its historical name - the Mariinsky.
Venues
The Mariinsky Theater has 6 stages. They are located in different cities Russian Federation:
- St. Petersburg -3 (main and second stages, concert hall)
- Vladikavkaz – 2 (opera and ballet theater and North Ossetian Philharmonic)
- Vladivostok – 1 (seaside)
The main building of the Mariinsky Theater
Mariinsky-1, where it is located main stage famous theater, is an ancient building from the 19th century. Its design was developed by the architect A.K. Kavos and supplemented by V.A. Shreter at the end of the 19th century. The case is made in the style of classicism. A turret rises above the domed top.
The interior decoration amazes with its luxury and splendor of decoration. The hall, foyer and hall are decorated with sculptures, sculptures, and wall paintings. Authors of paintings:
- E. Fracioli
- A. Golovin
The pattern of the curtain on the stage corresponds to the texture of Maria Alexandrovna's imperial train. It is the emblem of the Mariinsky Theater.
The hall has a capacity of 1609 seats. Stage dimensions:
- width - 30 m
- depth – 20 m
- height - 24-25 m
Second scene
Mariinsky-2 was created specifically for the needs of the theater and in accordance with modern technical requirements. Its parameters:
- hall capacity – 2 thousand people
- area - 80 thousand sq.m
- floors – 7
On the project and landscaping internal space Architects from Russia, Canada, Great Britain, and Austria worked. The spectator seats in the hall are located in several tiers. The central position is occupied by the box for honored guests (analogous to the Royal Box). The stage is equipped with technical means that allow you to quickly change the scenery. A depth of 80 m allows you to create a powerful acoustic effect. The second stage was opened to the public in 2013.
Concert Hall (third stage)
Mariinsky-3 was created on the basis of pre-revolutionary workshops for the production of scenery. The building was built in accordance with the sketches of the architect W. Schröter. At the beginning of the 21st century. it was completely burned out in a fire.
The new premises were developed by a tandem of specialists:
- architect C. Fabre (France)
- engineer Toyota (Japan)
Concert hall Designed for vocal and symphonic performances, as well as audio recording. Its main characteristics:
- volume -1.3 thousand cubic meters
- capacity - 1110 seats
- length – 52 m
- width – 24 m
- height - 14 m
In 2009, a French-made organ was installed in the premises. The building is a monument of urban planning and is included in the list of cultural heritage sites of the Russian Federation.
Seaside scene
The most remote stage of the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater is located in the Far Eastern region. It is located in the Opera and Ballet Theater in Vladivostok. The new building was built for the APEC summit. Design work specialists from Omsk were involved.
The building has 2 halls:
- Large - horseshoe-shaped with 1,356 seats. Designed for large-scale events and gala concerts.
- Small – with a one-level stage and stalls, designed for 305 seats. For chamber performances, master classes.
During construction, preference was given to natural materials (wood, stone), which contributed to the creation of a powerful acoustic effect. The building is also equipped with equipment for the needs of people with special needs (ramps, elevators). The opening of the Primorsky Stage took place in 2013.
National Opera and Ballet Theater of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
The building of the North Ossetian Opera and Ballet Theater in Vladikavkaz (Thapsaeva St., 18) has been the stage of the Mariinsky Theater since 2017. The complex of premises along the bank of the Terek was designed by the architect I.V. Ryabikin in 1910. Construction work was carried out in the 50s. under the leadership of architect T. M. Butaeva. The building has been declared a national treasure of republican significance.
The hall can accommodate 680 people at a time. Scene:
- width – 14 m
- height – 12 m
North Ossetian State Philharmonic
Since 2017, the Mariinsky Theater has been renting the building of the North Ossetian Philharmonic. For 10 years, artists from St. Petersburg will be able to perform stage activities in the premises of the former Lutheran Cathedral, located at the address: Vladikavkaz, Miller St. 34. The German Church (19th century) was transformed into a cultural and educational institution in 1944. In 2015-16 carried out indoors major renovation. The historical appearance of the building remained unchanged.
Classical heritage in the repertoire
The stage of the Mariinsky Theater has become famous in history theatrical arts Russia as a venue for premiere performances of classic ballet and opera genres. In the 19th - early 20th centuries. Mariinsky artists were involved in the first productions:
- ballets - “The Little Humpbacked Horse”, “ Goldfish", "Sleeping Beauty", "Raymonda", "Chopiniana", "Petrushka"
- operas – “A Life for the Tsar”, “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “Rusalka”, “ Stone Guest"", "May Night", "Snow Maiden", "The Night Before Christmas", "Boris Godunov", "Maid of Orleans", "The Enchantress", " Queen of Spades", "Iolanta", "Prince Igor"
IN Soviet period the creative baggage of the theater troupe was replenished with performances imbued with the revolutionary spirit and meeting the requirements socialist realism. However classical works were not forgotten. The annual playbill of the Mariinsky Theater necessarily includes, along with premieres, productions from the past repertoire that are beloved by the audience. The Mariinsky Theater still shows Swan Lake, Giselle, Carmen, etc.
Troupes
The creative team of the theater includes 2 troupes:
- ballet
- opera
The ballet troupe originated at the end of the 18th century. Its core consisted of court dancers, graduates of the French dance school under the leadership of J. Lande. In the 19th-20th centuries. Famous choreographers collaborated with the Mariinsky artists:
- S. L. Didelot
- M.Petipa
- V. Meyerhold
- V. Vainonen
- L. Yakobson
- S. Kaplan
The history of the theater includes the names of outstanding dancers - Vaclav Nezhinsky, Rudolf Nureyev, Mikhail Baryshnikov. The glory of Russian ballet was asserted and supported by ballerinas - Matilda Kshesinskaya, Anna Pavlova, Galina Ulanova. Until the beginning of the 19th century. Mostly foreign artists performed on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. In the 30-40s. 19th century A Russian opera troupe is gradually being formed. The theater's repertoire was constantly replenished with new operas by European and Russian composers, which contributed to the expansion of the troupe and the attraction of artists with exceptional singing abilities.
- Osip Petrov
- Fyodor Chaliapin
- Medea and Nikolai Figner
- Sofia Preobrazhenskaya
- Leonid Sobinov
The troupes include artists with the titles of Honored and People's, laureates of national and international competitions.
Festivals
The artistic team of the Mariinsky Theater takes an active part in cultural events, organized in the city on the Neva. Since 1993, on the initiative of V. Gergiev, the Stars of the White Nights arts festival has been regularly held in the Northern capital. It has international status, has highly established itself at the global level and is included in the Top 10 musical concert programs classical genre.
During the festival, the most famous performers perform on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. famous performers and groups that present new products in the field of symphonic and chamber music, opera and ballet. “Stars of the White Nights” helps new talents to emerge and establish close partnerships between theater companies. During the festival, residents and guests of the city have the opportunity to get closer acquainted with national art And cultural heritage other countries.
The theater stages host a number of genre festivals:
- ballet "Mariinsky"
- orchestral wind music "Brass evening at the Mariinsky"
- contemporary music "New Horizons"
Theatrical productions from the Mariinsky repertoire are constantly included in the Moscow Easter and Maslenitsa festival programs. The theater management pays great attention to introducing the younger generation to the masterpieces of world classics. Especially for children and youth the Mariinsky Theater organizes:
- festival of children's musical theater studios
- art schools visiting the theater
- children's and youth orchestras "Mariinsky NEXT"
Opening hours and ticket prices
It is not for nothing that St. Petersburg is called the cultural capital of our country. This is a city of monuments and museums, a city of exhibitions and concerts. It is also a city of theaters, of which there are more than a hundred! Did you know that St. Petersburg once had its own Bolshoi Theater? Now it is known under the name of Mariinsky. The history of the famous Opera and Ballet Theater will be told todayAmateur. media.
The year of birth of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783. But this year, rather, the father of the Mariinsky was created. It was then that Catherine the Great issued a Decree on the creation of a theater committee “to manage spectacles and music.” On October 5 of that same year, the Bolshoi Stone Theater was opened on Carousel Square. Residents soon began to call the square the theater square, which is how it came down to us.
The year of birth of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783
The St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater was built according to the design of the architect Rinaldi. It was huge and majestic, equipped with the latest technology. Preference was, of course, given to the French or Italian repertoire, and besides, the Russian troupe often gave up the stage to foreign ones. The first opera staged at the Bolshoi Theater was “The Lunar World” by Giovanni Paisiello. But the theater was not limited to opera: dramas and vocal and instrumental concerts were staged.
IN early XIX V. The Bolshoi Theater has become part of the cultural life of St. Petersburg
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bolshoi Theater became not only one of the symbols of the city along with the Admiralty and Peter and Paul Fortress, but also an important part of the cultural life of St. Petersburg. At that time, the theater was rebuilt under the leadership of the architect Thomas de Thomon and acquired a ceremonial appearance. But in 1811 there was a fire in the theater, and all the interior decoration was destroyed, and the façade of the building was also damaged. Seven years later it was restored, then the theater experienced another important reconstruction, carried out in 1836 by Alberto Cavos. It is interesting that at this time the opera of the father of the architect Kavos “Ivan Susanin” was very popular on the stage of the theater. This was, of course, even before Glinka created the opera with the same name.
The rebuilt theater opened in 1836 with the production of the same opera “A Life for the Tsar” by Glinka. And exactly 6 years later, “Ruslan and Lyudmila” by the same composer was staged for the first time on the same stage. Of course, the Bolshoi Theater became truly famous. True, the theater troupe was gradually transferred to the Alexandrinsky and the nearby Circus Theater.
The building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected on the site of the Circus Theater
The fact is that in 1846 a ban was introduced on the production of operas by Russian composers, and the Russian troupe was replaced by an Italian one. After 4 years, the ban was lifted, but the situation hardly improved: the Russian troupe did not have its own building, and the artists gave performances in the small wooden building of the Circus Theater.
In 1859, the Circus Theater burned down, and it was in its place that the building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected. The same Alberto Cavos supervised the construction. The theater was named in honor of the wife of Tsar Alexander II, Maria Alexandrovna. You probably already guessed that we celebrated the opening of the new theater by staging the opera “A Life for the Tsar.”
The second half of the 19th century was the heyday of the theater. On his stage they staged the following famous works like “Boris Godunov” by Mussorgsky, “The Maid of Orleans”, “The Enchantress”, “The Queen of Spades” by Tchaikovsky, “The Pskov Woman”, “The May Daughter” and “The Snow Maiden” by Rimsky-Korsakov, “Prince Igor” by Borodin, “The Demon” by Rubinstein. At the very beginning of the 20th century, the Mariinsky Theater’s repertoire included Wagner’s famous theatrical works “The Ring of the Nibelung”, “Electra” by Richard Strauss, and “Khovanshchina” by Mussorgsky. All these names and titles are known even to those who are far from opera.
Ballet did not lag behind opera. Not only classics ("Corsair", "Giselle" and "Esmeralda") were staged on stage, but also "La Bayadère", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker" and "Swan Lake". The famous choreography of Tchaikovsky’s “Swan Lake” owes to the creative union of choreographers Ivanov and Petipa.
In 1885, almost all performances from the closing stage were transferred to the Mariinsky stage. Bolshoi Theater. In place of the Bolshoi Stone Theater The St. Petersburg Conservatory was erected. In 1917 the theater was declared State, and in 1935 it was renamed in honor of S. Kirov. But the troupe did not sit idle, at this time new ones appeared famous operas(“The Love for Three Oranges” by Prokofiev, “Salome” and “Der Rosenkavalier” by Strauss) and ballets (“The Flame of Paris” and “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai” by Asafiev, “Romeo and Juliet” by Prokofiev).
During the Great Patriotic War, the Mariinsky Theater was evacuated to Perm
During the Great Patriotic War, the theater was evacuated to Perm, where it continued its activities. In 1944, the Mariinsky came to Leningrad and celebrated his return with guess what? Right! “Ivan Susanin” by Glinka. That's how it happened at the theater. In the 60s, famous dancers Nureyev and Baryshnikov performed on the theater stage. In 1988, Valery Gergiev took over the leadership of the theater, who still holds this post. The Mariinsky Theater actively collaborates with famous foreign opera and ballet theaters, in particular with La Scala, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera and the Opéra de Bastille.
Theaters occupied an important stage in the history of the formation of Russian culture and traditions. Among the significant and outstanding theaters, the Mariinsky Theater has become a unique historical and architectural landmark of the country. Art connoisseurs have always ranked him among the best. Many historians, architects, and ordinary citizens are interested in the history of the creation of the Mariinsky Theater.
It is eventful and deserves attention. The date of foundation and the beginning of the existence of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783, when, on the direct orders of Catherine, it was decided to open the Bolshoi Kamenny Theater on Theater Square, at that time it was called Carousel Square.
In the mid-nineteenth century in 1859, the Circus Theater, built immediately opposite the famous Bolshoi Theater, was, unfortunately, completely destroyed, caused by a severe fire. Instead of the burnt building, a new building was erected - the building of the now famous Mariinsky Theater. It didn’t get its name by chance; it was customary to call it Mariinsky. It was not without reason that this name was given to it - in honor of Empress Maria Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander II).
In this theater, the first theatrical season opened a little later, only in 1860. A little later, it was decided to rebuild it, and the entire repertoire was transferred to the stage of the Mariinsky Theater.
Each era in history has left its historical imprint. During the revolutionary period, the theater changed its name to the State Theater, and starting in 1920 it was renamed the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater. But this did not end the renaming of the theater - in the mid-thirties (1935) it was named after the famous revolutionary Sergei Kirov.
Modern Mariinsky Theater
On at the moment it includes three operating sites:
— the main site is the theater building itself on Teatralnaya;
— the second stage was opened in 2013;
- third stage - Concert hall, open on the street. Decembrists.
Over the years of its existence, a huge number of productions have been staged on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater unique works. You could buy tickets to the ballet “The Nutcracker”, enjoy the magnificent production of “Sleeping Beauty”, “Peter Grimes”, etc.
In total, over the years of the twentieth century, over thirty operas and 29 ballets were staged on its stage. This is a very high figure. Found your inspiration here best composers And artistic directors countries. Working here today huge amount professional actors - real aces of theatrical art.
It should be noted that the Great Patriotic War left a huge unpleasant imprint on the history of the theater itself. In addition to material damage, the theater team lost about three hundred artists who, unfortunately, died at the front.
Many guests from other countries came to the country to see the unique performance of talented actors. Every year the theater received many people who wanted to attend the famous Mariinsky productions.
Many artists participating in popular and well-known productions even today were awarded special thanks and awards.
Let's hope that buildings such as the Mariinsky Theater are no longer in danger of drastic changes. Due to little funding from the state, actors have to get involved in the development of the repertoire. Every year we can observe that the efforts of our ancestors were not in vain - the stage of the Mariinsky Theater gave quite large number outstanding actors and opera performers.
