Computer presentation for the lesson "Russian nesting doll". Presentation “Russian nesting doll Russian matryoshka story for children presentation

Purpose of the lesson: To know the history of the origin and development of the Russian nesting doll;
Learn to create an ornament using variations of different shapes.

• Education of artistic taste.
• Development in children creative imagination, imagination, ability to understand and appreciate beauty.
• Creating an image in embroidery and painting.

Content:
I. Organizational moment
II. Announcing the topic of the lesson in the form of a riddle:
There are sisters hiding in this young woman.
Each sister is a dungeon for the little one. (Matryoshka)
III. Announce the purpose and objectives and content of the lesson.
IV. Repetition of the material covered takes place in the quiz “Agreement, disagreement” (children work with cards).
V. Physical education minute (checking readiness for the lesson)
VI. Introducing a new topic.
VII. Test work
VIII. Peer review
IX. Physical education (warm-up for the eyes, ophthalmological table)
X. Practical work
XI. Work evaluation

Studying new topic begins with the theoretical part (studying the history of the development of the nesting doll) and viewing the presentation.

A matryoshka is a wooden, brightly painted doll, hollow inside, in the form of a semi-oval figure, into which other similar dolls of a smaller size are inserted. (Dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov)

Although the nesting doll has long gained a reputation as a symbol of our country, its roots are by no means Russian. According to the most common version, the history of the nesting doll originates in Japan. How did this happen?

Japan is a land of many gods. Each of them was responsible for something: either for the harvest, or helped the righteous, or was the patron of the happiness of art. Japanese gods are varied and multifaceted: cheerful, angry, wise... Yogis believed that a person has several bodies, each of which was patronized by a god. Entire sets of god figures were popular in Japan. And here at the end XIX century someone decided to place several figures one inside the other. The first such fun was the figurine of the Buddhist sage Fukuruma, a good-natured bald old man who was responsible for happiness, prosperity and wisdom.

The Japanese figurine made its journey to Russia and was met with interest by turner Vasily Zvezdochkin. It was he who carved similar figures from wood, which were also nested inside one another. Famous artist Sergei Malyutin painted the figure in the Russian style - it was a round-faced, ruddy girl in a colorful scarf, a sundress, with a black rooster in her hand. The toy consisted of eight figures. Girls alternated with boys, and this family was crowned by a swaddled baby. It should be noted that the ability to paint turned items existed in Russia long before the matryoshka doll - in the tradition of turning and painting wooden eggs for Easter. So the Japanese figures found their way onto prepared Russian soil.

The most common name in Rus' was Matryona, if affectionately, then Matryoshka. That’s what they called the wooden young lady. Over time, the name Matryoshka became a household name.

The first Russian nesting dolls were created in Sergiev Posad as fun for children, which helped them master the concepts of shape, color, quantity and size. Such toys were quite expensive. But demand for them appeared immediately. A few years after the appearance of the first nesting doll, almost the entire Sergiev Posad was making these charming dolls. The original plot of the Russian nesting doll is Russian girls and women, rosy-cheeked and plump, dressed in sundresses and scarves, with dogs, cats, baskets, and flowers.

The Russian nesting doll became so famous that orders began to come even from abroad. At the beginning of the 20th century, a real matryoshka boom began. In addition to the traditional girl in a sundress, images of shepherdesses with a pipe, bearded men, brides and grooms appeared. Later, themed nesting dolls appeared, depicting, for example, characters literary heroes. Thus, for the centenary of N.V. Gogol, a series of matryoshka dolls - the heroes of Gogol's "The Inspector General" - was released. The theme of fairy tales has also always attracted Russian nesting doll masters. They illustrated “Turnip”, “Ivan Tsarevich”, “Firebird” and others. The imagination of the masters knew no bounds. Today, nesting dolls depicting historical and political figures are quite popular. But the main purpose of the nesting doll - to present a surprise - remains unchanged.

How is a matryoshka born? This process is quite complicated and requires considerable skill and patience. Each master has his own secrets. First you need to choose a tree. As a rule, these are linden, birch, and aspen. And it should be smooth, without knots. The tree is cut down in winter or early spring so that there is little sap in it. The trunk is processed and stored so that the wood is blown. It is important not to dry out the log. Drying time is approximately two years. The masters say that the tree should ring.

The smallest nesting doll that does not open is the first to be born. Following it is the lower part (bottom) for the next one. The upper part of the second nesting doll is not dried, but is immediately put on the bottom. Due to the fact that the upper part is dried in place, the parts of the nesting doll fit tightly to each other and hold well.

When the body of the nesting doll is ready, it is sanded and primed. And then the process begins that gives each nesting doll its own individuality - painting. First, the base of the drawing is applied with a pencil. Then the contours of the mouth, eyes, cheeks are outlined. And then they draw clothes for the matryoshka. Typically, when painting, they use gouache, watercolor or acrylic. Each locality has its own canons of painting, its own colors and shapes.

A good nesting doll is distinguished by the fact that: all its figures easily fit into each other; two parts of one nesting doll fit tightly and do not dangle; the drawing is correct and clear; Well, and, of course, a good nesting doll should be beautiful.

After familiarizing yourself with theoretical part classes, children begin practical work.

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Slide captions:

Matryoshka – the soul of Russia

Matryoshka is a unique Russian toy. Together with the Russian birch tree and the Russian samovar, it became a symbol of Russia. The Russian nesting doll is a kind messenger of friendship and love. She is the soul of Russia.

Where and how did this miracle come from? The most popular Russian wooden painted doll in the world appeared in Russia in the 90s of the 19th century in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow, owned by S.I. Mamontov.

MAMONTOV Savva Ivanovich is a major industrialist and philanthropist. Being a keen connoisseur of music and fine arts, Mamontov S.I. created a center in his Abramtsevo estate near Moscow artistic life Russia.

S.I. Mamontov united a galaxy of major Russian artists, musicians and performers on his estate near Moscow. Abramtsevo is becoming one of the centers of artistic life in Russia. Participants in the circle of artistic youth, which included V. M. Vasnetsov, V. D. and E. D. Polenov, M. V. Nesterov, and many others, were keenly interested in Russian history and culture, collected and studied works of peasant art, trying to revive folk art crafts. I.I. Levitan. . V.M. Vasnetsov. V.D. Polenov. M.M. Antokolsky F.I. Chaliapin

One day, a Japanese toy brought from the island of Honshu by the wife of S.I. Mamontov came to the estate. It was a figure of a good-natured bald old man, the sage Fukurumu, in which there were several more figures nested one inside the other. The Japanese, by the way, claim that a Russian monk was the first to carve such a toy on the island of Honshu. This toy was the prototype of our matryoshka.

The first Russian nesting doll was made by toy turner Vasily Zvezdochkin, inspired by the figurine of the wooden sage Fukuruma, within the walls of the workshop “ Children's education”, founded by philanthropist Savva Mamontov. The sketch for its painting was created by the artist Sergei Malyutin, who personally painted the matryoshka doll. Workshop "Children's education". S. Malyutin.

The first matryoshka turned out to be a round-faced, plump, mischievous girl in a headscarf and folk dress, with a rooster in her hands. Inside the big girl there was a smaller boy, then a girl again, boys and girls alternated further, and the smallest and “indivisible” one was a nesting doll in the form of a swaddled baby. There are eight dolls in total.

And the nesting doll went for a walk around the world. A real Russian beauty. Rosy-cheeked, in a smart sundress, with a bright scarf on her head. But the nesting doll is not a lazy person; in her hands she either has a sickle and ears of grain, or a duck or a cockerel, or a basket with mushrooms, berries or flowers. But the main thing is this doll has a secret! Cheerful little sisters are hiding inside it, a little less. The nesting dolls were walking along the path. There were just a few of them, two Matryoshkas, three Matryoshkas and another Matryoshka. New centers for its production and painting began to emerge in Russia.

Sergiev - Posad

Semyonov

Polkhovsky Maidan

Russian throne Marking the centenary of the Battle of Borodino

Based on fairy tales.

The birth of a matryoshka doll.

The first in Russia - and in the world! - nesting doll museum. Opened in 2001 in Moscow.

Cultural monuments

The Russian nesting doll is a real wonder of the world. The present, because it was and remains the creation of human hands. A miracle of the world - because in an amazing way the toy symbol of Russia moves around the world, not recognizing any distances or borders.

The Russian nesting doll is a good messenger of friendship and love. She is the soul of Russia!

History of Matryoshka

Matryoshka It is considered a traditional Russian souvenir, the most popular among Russians and foreign guests, but not everyone knows the history of the matryoshka doll.

The matryoshka doll appeared in 1890. Its prototype was a chiseled figurine of the Buddhist saint Fukurum, which was brought from the island of Honshu to the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow. The figurine depicted a sage with his head stretched out from long thoughts; it turned out to be detachable, and a smaller figurine was hidden inside, which also consisted of two halves. There were five such dolls in total.

Turner Vasily Zvezdochkin carved the figures in the image of this toy, and artist Sergei Malyutin painted them. He depicted on the figures a girl in a sundress and a scarf with a black rooster in her hands. The toy consisted of eight figures. A boy followed the girl, then a girl again, etc. All of them were somehow different from each other, and the last, eighth, depicted a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes. A common name at that time was the name Matryona - and that’s how everyone’s favorite Matryoshka appeared.

Traditional types of nesting dolls:

• Sergievskaya matryoshka
• Semenov nesting dolls
• Polkhovsko-Maidanovskaya matryoshka doll
• Vyatka matryoshka
• Tver matryoshka

Sergievskaya matryoshka The first matryoshka doll was born in Sergiev Posad. The Sergiev doll is always a round-faced girl wearing a knotted scarf, a patterned jacket, an elegant sundress and a flowered apron. Her painting is very bright, based on 3-4 primary colors - yellow, red, blue and green. The lines of her clothing and face are usually outlined in black. It is painted with gouache and varnished.

Maidan Matryoshka doll (from Polkhovsky Maidan, Nizhny Novgorod region). The main element of the Polkhov-Maidan doll is a multi-petal rose hip flower, with several half-open buds near it. Painting a toy begins with drawing the outline of the drawing in ink. Then the product is primed with starch and then painted. After painting, the matryoshka is coated with clear varnish two or three times.

Vyatka matryoshka The most northern doll, which became well known in the 60s. Vyatka has always been famous for its products made of bast and birch bark, in which embossed patterns were created. In this area, they didn’t just paint the matryoshka doll with aniline paints, but decorated it with rye straws. This technique turned out to be new for the design of nesting dolls. To do this, the straws were first boiled in a soda solution, after which they acquired a beautiful sand color. Then it was cut and glued to the doll, forming patterns.

Besides traditional types, there are also designer nesting dolls. Author's dolls are born in different places in Russia - Moscow, Kirov, Sergiev Posad, St. Petersburg, Tver. The design of such dolls depends on the imagination of the artist, their author. The author, as a rule, only slightly reflects Russian traditions in his toy, investing in it a new meaning and plot. This is how matryoshka dolls-politicians, nesting dolls with scenes from films and cartoons, as well as Russian folk tales. One doll can tell a whole tale.

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Goal: To foster love for folk art, respect for the folk artist who creates beauty for the joy of people.

• Deepen your knowledge about Russian folk wooden toys.
• Introduce characteristic features forms and paintings of nesting dolls from Sergiev Posad, Semenov, Polkhovsky Maidan.
• Learn to compare nesting dolls from Sergiev Posad, Semenov, Polkhovsky Maidan.
• To teach the ability to identify characteristic means of artistic expression in the work of folk craftsmen.
• Learn how to paint paper silhouettes of nesting dolls in the traditions of the Semyonovsky masters.
• Develop the ability to express value judgments in the process of discussing completed work, respect the opinion of a friend.

Equipment:

• For students: a sheet of paper, a cut out silhouette of a nesting doll, a brush, gouache.
• For the teacher: nesting dolls (Sergiev Posad, Polkhovsky Maidan, Semenov), electronic presentation for the lesson, samples of children's work, technological maps.
• Music series: CD “ Living water", "Mill".

Lesson plan:

1. Introductory conversation.
2. Game “Fair”.
3. Execution of painting elements.
4. Independent work
5. Summing up. Consolidating new material – working with the “Matryoshka” crossword puzzle.

Progress of the lesson

The introductory conversation begins with a story about a Russian wooden toy. Children are invited to visit the fair (game). The conversation is accompanied by stylized folk melodies, a demonstration of folk wooden toys and slides.

Come, come!
Look at the goods!
Brought from afar
We are not calico, not silk
And not rings, and not brooches,
And funny nesting dolls.

The most fun fair in Rus' in the last century was in Sergiev Posad. Toys were laid out in a prominent place in the shopping arcades: wooden carved hussars, ladies, nurses, nutcrackers, gurneys, Bogorodsk bears, horses and nesting dolls. The toy, cut from a wooden block, had a simple, generalized shape. The coloring was also conventional. The brightest colors were used. Using a combination of red, blue, yellow and green, the Sergiev Posad master achieved colorfulness, elegance and decorativeness. A variety of toys were created using simple tools. The forms have been tested for centuries. A folk toy is like a fairy tale - everything is so, but not so. The best Sergiev Pasad toys are characterized by humor and the ability to highlight what is most striking and characteristic. (Slides 1, 2, 3).

Dust swirls along the path,
Matryoshka dolls coming from the fair
On rams, on bulls,
All with gifts in their hands.

It seemed like nothing could surprise the buyer anymore! Suddenly the master broke one nesting doll in half, and inside it was another smaller one. He opened it, and another one was looking out of it! What a miracle! This delights not only children, but also adults. The expectation of a miracle is repeated again and again (slide 4).

Friends of different heights
But they look alike.
They all live together
And just one toy!

The matryoshka dolls from Sergiev Posad are decorated rather modestly, the colors are not very bright, the doll is dressed in a sundress with an apron, and a scarf on his head. (Slide 5).

An artistic image of a nesting doll, like any other folk toys, very conditional. The image of a woman - the mother of a large family - is close and understandable. Fertility and abundance, the infinity of life, apparently deep meaning popular toy.

The shape of the toy, the image of the face and outfit are conventional. The matryoshka expresses an extremely generalized image of a Russian beauty: round face, bright blush, black eyebrows, small mouth.

– Matryoshka dolls from Polkhovsky Maidan and Semenov came to visit us at the fair. Let's take a closer look at them.

I picked up a brush and paints,
Became a wizard from a fairy tale.
There is a bright sundress on the nesting doll
Painted for Polkhovsky Maidan.

Polkhovo-Maidan nesting dolls can be immediately recognized by unusual shape head, a characteristic flower and the traditional crimson color for this painting. Bright and rich colors sound in full force. Dark green goes next to crimson, and blue goes with yellow. All elements are united by a black outline. Masters from Polkhov-Maidan have developed their own special style of decorative flower painting. They strive to decorate their nesting doll in such a way that flowers, berries and leaves cover its figure with a continuous carpet. The face of the nesting doll is sometimes depicted in one black color, surrounded by funny curls . (Slide 7).

Now let’s get acquainted with Semenov’s nesting dolls. They have bright bouquets on their aprons, the image of which is combined with the shape and size of the toy: the larger the nesting doll, the larger the flowers in its bouquet. The main color of the sundress is red. The black outline marks the edge of the apron and the sleeves of the jacket. On the head is a traditional scarf, decorated along the border. In painting they use the “speckled” technique, which is done with a “poke”. (Slide 6).

Lots of interesting toys at the fair. All nesting dolls are good. Today we will learn to paint the silhouettes of nesting dolls, like the masters from Semenov.

Questions for conversation:

1. What toys were sold at the fair?
2. What materials were these toys made from?
3. How were Sergiev Posad toys painted?
4. What does matryoshka mean?
5. What features of the Russian beauty are reflected in the matryoshka doll?
6. Where is the bouquet located on the Semyonovskaya matryoshka doll?
7. What colors were used to paint the Semyonovskaya matryoshka doll?

Then proceed to independent work. (Slide 15).

At the end of the lesson, painted silhouettes of nesting dolls are displayed on painted fairground stalls. (Slide 18).

To consolidate the knowledge gained, the children are invited to solve the “Matryoshka” crossword puzzle. (Slide 16).

To remember various types nesting dolls, we’ll play a game of “Guessing” - we’ll place the toys in the appropriate counters or peddlers’ trays and try to find a toy from Semenov, a beauty from Polkhov-Maidan, a nesting doll from Sergiev Posad.

You all did a good job in class. We remembered a lot, learned a lot. Now, by selecting an image that matches your mood, we will find out if you liked this lesson.

Literature

1. Vasilenko V.M. Russian applied arts. – M.: Art, 1977.
2. Zhegalova S.K. Russian folk painting: Book. For high school students. – M.: Education, 1994.
3. Komarova T.S. Teaching children drawing techniques. – M.: Century, 1994.
4. Kosminskaya V.B., Khalezova N.B. Fundamentals of Fine Arts and Guidance Methodology visual activities children. – M.: Education, 1981.
5. www.amaltea-suvenir.ru
6. www.matrena.ucoz.ru/news
7. en.wikipedia.org

How did the nesting doll appear? If you consider the “Russian nesting doll” to be an original Russian toy, then you are mistaken. The first Russian nesting doll was carved and painted in a Moscow toy workshop only in the 90s of the 19th century, based on a model brought from Japan. This Japanese example, made with great humor, consisted of many figures of the Japanese sage Fukuruma inserted into each other - a bald old man with his head stretched up from numerous thoughts.

A matryoshka doll is a wooden doll similar to Vanka-vstanka. She portrays a Russian peasant girl. Several smaller nesting dolls are placed inside the nesting dolls, arranging them according to height. A matryoshka doll in a scarlet shawl stood on the desk. It was thickly varnished and shone like glass. Hidden in it were five more nesting dolls in multi-colored shawls: green, yellow, blue, purple and, finally, the smallest nesting doll, the size of a thimble, in a shawl made of gold leaf. The village master awarded the nesting dolls with Russian beauty, sable eyebrows and a blush glowing like coals. He covered his blue eyes with long eyelashes. (According to K. Paustovsky)

The doll figures are carved by men and painted by women. Favorite pattern – large pink-crimson rosehip flowers. Usually their daughters are painted next to mothers. Even little girls ask for permission to draw flaming flowers, blue matryoshka eyes and a mouth with a bow. (A. Rogov)

Matryoshka dolls are made from larch, linden and aspen, always felled in early spring. The wood is aged for two to three years, then turned on machines and carefully processed. The master meticulously selects the material for the doll, looks for one that does not have any knots or cracks, and only after making sure of the quality of the workpiece does he begin to work. First he sharpens the smallest nesting doll, sometimes it is very tiny, smaller than a fingernail, then bigger, bigger...