IN Russian Federation it's hard to find a city that doesn't have historical buildings or architectural monuments. They are truly valuable from many points of view, but over time, any building becomes dilapidated and begins to pose a threat to the health and lives of people, and disrupts the appearance of the city. Most Such structures are located in the central part of the city, and the problem of their effective use becomes more pressing every year. Restoration with further use, possibly adaptation, or demolition
It allows you to solve the problem in each specific case inspection of historical buildings and architectural monuments. This is a necessary procedure that is required by developers, local authorities, seeking to improve the appearance of a settlement, make it more comfortable and safe for residents - any construction work affecting the integrity of an architectural monument or a historical building cannot be carried out without such an examination.
Stages of inspection of historical buildings and architectural monuments
1 Receiving an assignment from KGIOP and developing an examination program
2 Carrying out a survey of an architectural monument
3 Coordination of the conclusion on the inspection of the object cultural heritage
What is an architectural monument?
Architectural monuments and historical buildings are considered objects that were significant in the past for the people, from the point of view of their development and identity. Such buildings include objects that have a certain historical, cultural, archaeological or urban planning value.
There are four main types of such objects:
- Monuments. They are memorial apartments and houses, other buildings and structures with adjacent areas, individual monumental objects, mausoleums or individual burial places, scientific or technical monuments, objects with historical, cultural significance. Also, archaeological objects and finds fall into this category, including those hidden in the earth or under water.
- Ensembles. These include groups of buildings and monuments, united in a group according to a certain (usually territorial) basis.
- Places of interest. The group includes objects of man-made, natural or mixed origin, including those associated with important events in history or in life famous people that have archaeological, cultural, religious or environmental value.
- Historical settlements are those settlements on the territory of which there are any cultural, historical buildings, monuments, and so on. Or, objects with socio-cultural, archaeological, architectural or historical, cultural value.
Peculiarities of conducting a survey of cultural heritage objects (CHAs)
In the survey architectural monuments and other cultural heritage sites, there are many aspects that require a special approach. An assessment of diverse characteristics is carried out, for which specialists from the most different areas. It is their assessment that determines whether the object will be reconstructed, restored or demolished. But in all cases, the work must be coordinated with the Committee on State Control, Use and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP).
Scope of work during the inspection of architectural monuments
Any such building, in addition to its value (historical or architectural), has its own technical characteristics, which are necessarily examined. Assessment of the technical condition of an object includes the following work:
- Visual inspection inside and out, diagnostics using special equipment.
- Geological foundation checks.
- Geological testing of the soil in order to prevent its “sliding” or washing out of the foundation by groundwater.
- Determination of the level of wear and strength of materials of walls, ceilings, partitions, and other load-bearing structures, architectural elements, finishing. Laboratory analyzes and tests are used.
- Verification calculations of each structure are carried out taking into account the detected defects and deformations of the object.
- Measurement work.
- Generating a report.
Contents of the technical report on the inspection of architectural monuments and other cultural heritage sites
When drawing up a document, specialists are based on all received data and recommendations. The technical report includes accurate and comprehensive information about the technical condition of the facility, the period during which the building will stand without the threat of its destruction (partial or complete), recommendations for its safe operation.
Also, the report includes recommendations for strengthening or restoring structures, and provides methods for carrying out work. If necessary, recommendations are given for the restoration or reconstruction of the entire building, formed with the participation of relevant specialists (historians, architects, etc.).
The submitted report undergoes mandatory approval by KGIOP. Only an agreed document becomes an official document on the basis of which it is possible to obtain terms of reference for architectural restoration or other work.
Get a free consultation!
On the territory of Russia there is large number cultural monuments. Therefore, such a service as historical and cultural examination of objects is in high demand. Examination of cultural heritage sites and cultural monuments necessary to keep these buildings in good condition. Substantial funds are allocated for this every year. cash. High-quality construction and reconstruction work is guaranteed by professional historical and cultural examination of cultural heritage objects. Price of this study may vary significantly.
Types of cultural heritage sites
According to the law, there are several types of cultural heritage objects. It is in relation to them that expert procedures must be carried out in accordance with existing rules.
- Monuments. It's about about individual buildings, burials, mausoleums, works of art. They include movable items related to a particular monument.
- Ensembles. Groups of united or isolated monuments in a certain territory. An example is temple complexes, parks, necropolises.
- Places of interest. Objects created by man alone or together with nature. These include centers of historical settlements, memorial sites, and the remains of ancient settlements.
Why is it necessary to conduct a historical and cultural examination of cultural heritage objects?
For architectural monuments, a special examination must be carried out. It is necessary not only to take into account GOST inspection of cultural heritage sites, but also obtain permission from supervisory organizations. Therefore, before you order technical inspection of cultural heritage sites, it is necessary to make sure that the expert organization has the appropriate permit and license to carry out such activities.
Examination of cultural objects and calculation of its cost
Before contacting an expert organization, it is difficult to determine how much the research will cost. The main factor influencing how much it costs examination of projects of cultural heritage objects is the area of the building. The larger the building, the more time it will take to check it. In addition, the condition and design features of the facility should also be taken into account. Therefore, in some cases inspection of cultural heritage sites will be quite cheap, but in others will require significant financial costs.
Examination of cultural heritage objects and its sequence
The peculiarity of cultural monuments is that in most cases they do not have serial design documentation. Because of this examination of design documentation for cultural heritage sites becomes significantly more complicated. The research consists of the following stages:
- Checking archival materials on the object. If similar buildings were also erected, then a study of materials on them is carried out.
- Visual inspection of the building. Using tools and equipment to determine the condition of a structure.
- Carrying out geological surveys, including soil testing. This is a very important procedure, since it allows you to assess the reliability of the foundation and the likelihood of its destruction due to exposure groundwater and ground movement.
- Establishing the strength of materials used in the construction of an object. To do this, computer simulations can be performed.
- Determining the geometry of the building using measurements. The volume of an object can be simulated using computer programs.
- Checking structures, detecting defects. This is necessary in order to establish the strength of the main structure and evaluate what methods of strengthening it can be used in the future. For example, when the building will be restored.
- Performing calculations to determine the strength of a building taking into account identified defects, damage to the foundation and reduction in material parameters.
- Preparation of an expert report. It provides recommendations for strengthening the building, as well as tips for restoring the building.
Expert opinion
After completing the study, an expert opinion is drawn up. It contains detailed information about all detected damage to the object. In addition, it indicates all the characteristics of the building identified during the inspection process. Based on this information, conclusions are drawn about the condition of the object and the possible duration of its further existence, without restoration work.
Order an examination of cultural objects
Our company is ready to provide professional services for checking the condition of cultural objects. Thanks to many years of experience, our employees will quickly study all elements of building construction. They have everything at their disposal necessary tools and instruments, which allows you to perform accurate calculations. Our customers receive comprehensive information about the condition of the object. This gives them the opportunity to take effective measures to preserve monuments. You can use our services on favorable terms.
Price and terms for Expertise and inspection of cultural heritage sites
Price from 10000 rub.
Date from 5 days.
5.1. Exploration is a scientific examination of archaeological monuments with the aim of discovering and initial field study of new ones, as well as obtaining modern data on previously identified ones.
5.2. Any field research should be preceded by familiarization with literary, archival and museum materials relating to the monuments and territories in which the research is supposed to be conducted.
5.3. During the exploration process, for each monument (including location) the following must be completed:
a) Description with a full description of its geographical location, relationship to neighboring bodies of water and populated areas, relief and topographical features, shape, size, surface condition (the presence of buildings, trees, holes and other damage, screes, etc.), the area of distribution of finds, as well as the thickness and content of the cultural layer, if there are outcrops on the monument or if excavation was carried out during the exploration process. The description should contain information about the mention of the monument in literature and archival materials, about the name and understanding of the monument by the local population, about its use and preservation.
b) A situational plan of the area, which should characterize in detail the location of the monument and make it possible to plot it on a topographic map; have specific, easily found landmarks on the ground, making it easy to locate the monument in the future.
c) Topographic plan of the monument (on a scale of at least 1:1000, depending on the size of the monument), covering the territory necessary to understand the geomorphological situation, with the relief conveyed by contours reflecting all the features of the monument and the area. Also, vegetation zones, buildings, all surface damage, all excavations, pits and clearings made earlier and in the reporting season are also obligatory. It is advisable to mark the boundaries of the surveyed monuments on land management plans.
d) Photographic recording of the monument, made in such a way that the photographs most fully and accurately convey the features of the relief and topographical situation. When photographing details of the monument, it is necessary to use a scale rod.
e) Collection of excavated material and compilation of an inventory with accurate certification of each find.
5.4. A researcher carrying out archaeological exploration on the basis of Open Sheet Form No. 2 has the right, in order to determine the nature of the cultural layer of a newly discovered monument or a known monument that has not been excavated, to carry out small excavation work on them: clearing outcrops, laying exploration pits. At monuments that have been excavated previously, excavation for reconnaissance purposes without appropriate justification is prohibited. When carrying out excavation work during the exploration process, it is necessary to strive for minimal disruption of the cultural layer, avoiding opening up areas and limiting ourselves to clearing and fixing existing exposures: cliffs, screes, pit walls, pits or other damage.
It is advisable to use natural scientific methods of archaeological exploration.
5.5. The laying of exploration pits is permitted in settlements, settlements and at the sites of proposed ground burial grounds. The excavation of burial mounds, pits or other externally visible burial complexes is prohibited. It is strictly forbidden to lay holes in residential cavities, ancient burials and other similar objects if they are visually visible on the surface.
5.6. In the case of establishing exploration pits, their number for one monument should not exceed three, and the total area - 20 sq.m. The need to lay a large number of exploratory pits must be specially stipulated and scientifically argued.
The dimensions of the pits are determined by the objectives of the study and the nature of the monument; in all cases they must have an area of at least 1 sq.m.
5.7. If the remains of dwellings, other ancient buildings and burials are discovered in reconnaissance pits, their integrity must not be violated; excavations at this site should be stopped and the remains of the building should be preserved by filling the pit with earth.
5.8. All exploration pits and clearings must be drawn to scale on the plan of the monument under study and documented photographically and recorded in diary entries. It is mandatory to draw up plans and stratigraphic profiles of all these objects (on a scale of at least 1:20), regardless of the presence or absence of a cultural layer in them.
5.9. When studying rock art, one should cover the entire territory of their distribution. One cannot limit oneself to the registration and description of some of the most spectacular figures and compositions.
Not permitted for copying, photographic or graphic recording rock paintings outline them for better visibility with chalk or something similar.
5.10. After completion of exploration work, all pits must be backfilled, which must be documented photographically.
5.11. All material discovered during the exploration process and characterizing the site being surveyed must be carefully collected, labeled with the exact location and conditions of the find, and entered into the field inventory.
5.12. The reconnaissance is mapped. During continuous reconnaissance, the reconnaissance site is marked with a closed line on the map and all surveyed and previously identified archaeological sites are marked with different icons. During route reconnaissance, the actual survey route and all the archaeological monuments on it are documented on the map. Monuments on maps are numbered; the explanation of the numbers is given in the legend to the map.
