Comedy is the oldest genre of feature film. Horror. The action on the crowded, inhospitable streets is dynamic and accompanied by cool dialogue between the characters. Musical. Cylinder. Western. Completed by: Student 9 "B" class Ivashin Dmitry. Teen cinema. Crime film. Comedy. The adventure film genre is designed solely to entertain the audience. The action is fast-paced and consists mainly of spectacular chases, rescues and fights. General. Science fiction.
“Development of realism” - Forms of realism. Nationality. As a rule, the heroes of socialist realist works were workers and peasants. Realism in art. Lillo in France - Diderot in Germany - G. E. Lessing, young F. Schiller. Principles of socialist realism. Party affiliation. A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, A.P. Chekhov. Principles critical realism. 18th century realism. The heroes of the works must come from the people. Critical realism.
“Artists of the 16th century” - The work was completed by students of Lyceum No. 7 9 B class Khushvakhtova Guldasta Fedorova Kristina. Pieter Bruegel Magpie on the Gallows, 1568 City Meeting, Darmstadt. Thomas More 1527, Frick Collection, New York. Madonna of Canon van der Paele 1436, Art gallery, Bruges. Lucca Madonna, 1430, Städel Institute of Arts, Frankfurt am Main. Pieter Bruegel Tower of Babel, 1563 Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Erasmus of Rotterdam 1523, Museum of Art, Basel. Cranach Lucas. Madonna of Chancellor Rolin 1435, Louvre Museum, Paris. Pieter Bruegel Massacre of the Innocents, 1566 Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
“Art of the 20th century” - Fauvism -. Composition X. Pink room. Tangier Fishes. Futurism -. tt. Henri Matisse. Avant-garde -. (French - vanguard) - a concept that defines experimental, modernist endeavors in art. Pablo PICASSO. Artists: P. Mondrian F. Kupka V. Kandinsy. Horse + Rider + House. Henri RUSSO. (Latin – “highest”, “excellent”). Representatives: A. Matisse R. Dufy A. Marquet A. Deren M. Vlaminck.
“Zhostovo painting” - The craft of painted metal trays arose in the mid-18th century. in the Urals, where the Demidov metallurgical plants were located (Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk, Verkh-Neyvinsk), and only in the first half of the 19th century did trays begin to be made in the villages of the Moscow province - Zhostovo, Troitsky, Novoseltsev, etc. History of painting.
"Classicism in art" - * Security questions. It is necessary to turn to the eternal, the unchanging (interest in antiquity as an exemplary standard). Theorists of classicism: Classical writers. Classicism -. Principles of classicism: K.I.Rossi. The official founder is F. Malherbe. Composition: the rule of “trinity” (place, time and action). Educational value basic art (the idea of serving the state).
Classicism
Artistic style in European art of the seventeenth - early nineteenth centuries, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to forms ancient art, as an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard. The principles of rationalistic philosophy underlying classicism determined the view of theorists and practitioners of the classical style on a work of art as the fruit of reason and logic, triumphing over the chaos and fluidity of sensory life.
In architecture, classicism is understood as architectural style, widespread in Europe in the 18th - early 19th centuries, the main feature of which was the appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity, monumentality and validity of filling space. The architecture of classicism as a whole is characterized by regularity of layout and clarity of volumetric form. The basis of the architectural language of classicism was the order, in proportions and forms close to antiquity, symmetrical axial compositions, restraint of decorative decoration, and a regular system of city planning.
Queen's House - Queen's House, 1616-1636) in Greenwich. Architect Inigo Jones.
Pashkov House is one of the most famous classicist buildings in Moscow. Designed by Vasily Bazhenov.
Classicism in architecture
Eastern façade of the Louvre. Architect Claude Perrault. 1667 g .
Wilton House, Wiltshire, architect Inigo Jones.
Place Vendôme. Architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
Layout of the center of Paris. Andre Le Nôtre.
The impetus for the development of classicist sculpture in the middle of the 18th century was the writings of Winckelmann and archaeological excavations ancient cities, which expanded the knowledge of contemporaries about ancient sculpture. In France, such sculptors as Pigalle and Houdon vacillated on the verge of Baroque and Classicism. Classicism reached its highest embodiment in the field of plastic art in the heroic and idyllic works of Antonio Canova, who drew inspiration mainly from the statues of the Hellenistic era (Praxiteles). In Russia, Fedot Shubin, Mikhail Kozlovsky, Boris Orlovsky, and Ivan Martos gravitated towards the aesthetics of classicism.
- Antonio Canova. Cupid and Psyche(1787-1793, Paris, Louvre)
classicism in sculptures
Bertel Thorvaldsen. "Ganymede feeding Zeus' eagle." 1817.
I.P. Martos. "Minin and Pozharsky." 1818. Red Square
This picturesque movement became the absolute opposite of Baroque. It is conditioned by harmony and awareness. The main feature of the style is the ancient norms of beauty and the desire for the ideal inherent in the Renaissance.
During the reign of classicism, a specific hierarchy of genres was formed. High genre painting corresponds to historical, religious and mythological. The Low genre includes portrait, still life and landscape. They are classified as everyday genre, and are less significant.
- Nicolas Poussin. Kingdom of Flora. 1630-1631
Classicism in painting
Jacques-Louis David. “The Oath of the Horatii.” 1784.
Nicolas Poussin. "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).
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In Russia, classicism originated in the 18th century, after the reforms of Peter I. Lomonosov carried out a reform of Russian verse, developed the theory of “three calms,” which was essentially an adaptation of French classical rules to the Russian language. Images in classicism are deprived individual traits, since they are intended primarily to capture stable generic characteristics that do not pass over time, acting as the embodiment of any social or spiritual forces. In Russia, classicism originated in the 18th century, after the reforms of Peter I. Lomonosov carried out a reform of Russian verse, developed the theory of “three calms,” which was essentially an adaptation of French classical rules to the Russian language. The images in classicism are devoid of individual features, since they are designed primarily to capture stable generic characteristics that do not pass over time, acting as the embodiment of any social or spiritual forces. Classicism in Russia developed under the great influence of the Enlightenment - the ideas of equality and justice have always been the focus of attention of Russian classic writers. Therefore, in Russian classicism, genres that require the author’s obligatory assessment of historical reality have received great development: comedy (D. I. Fonvizin), satire (A. D. Kantemir), fable (A. P. Sumarokov, I. I. Khemnitser), ode (Lomonosov, G. R. Derzhavin). V.L. Borovikovsky. Portrait of G.R. Derzhavina In connection with Rousseau’s call for closeness to nature and naturalness in classicism late XVI II century, crisis phenomena are growing; The absolutization of reason is replaced by the cult of tender feelings - sentimentalism. The transition from classicism to pre-romanticism was most clearly reflected in German literature the era of “Storm and Drang”, represented by the names of I. V. Goethe (1749-1832) and F. Schiller (1759-1805), who, following Rousseau, saw art main force human upbringing.
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Music Music of the period of classicism or music of classicism is a period in the development of European music approximately between 1730 and 1820. The concept of classicism in music is steadily associated with the works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, called Viennese classics and determined the direction of further development musical composition. The concept of "music of classicism" should not be confused with the concept of " classical music", having a more general meaning as the music of the past
Classicism (from Latin classicus - exemplary) - artistic style European art XVII-XIX centuries, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to ancient art as the highest example and reliance on traditions high Renaissance. (from Latin classicus - exemplary) - the artistic style of European art of the 17th-19th centuries, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to ancient art as the highest example and reliance on the traditions of the High Renaissance. Bordeaux The city is famous for its ensembles of squares in the style of classicism (XVIII century)
M.F.Kazakov. Petrovsky Palace Russian classicism is one of the brightest pages in the history of world architecture.
V.I. Bazhenov. Pashkov house - 1788
O. Montferrand. St. Isaac's Cathedral - 1830
A.N. Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral - 1811 And the Kazan Cathedral spread its hands. Embracing the blue evening... I. Demyanov.
Classicism in sculpture Fidelity to the ancient image. Heroic and idyllic compositions. Heroic and idyllic compositions. Idealization of military valor and wisdom of statesmen. Idealization of military valor and wisdom of statesmen. Public monuments. Public monuments. Contradiction with accepted moral standards. Contradiction with accepted moral standards. Absence of sudden movements, external manifestations of emotions such as anger. Absence of sudden movements, external manifestations of emotions such as anger. Simplicity, harmony, consistency of the composition of the work. Simplicity, harmony, consistency of the composition of the work.
Classicism in painting Interest in art ancient Greece and Rome. Systematization and consolidation of the achievements of the great artists of the Renaissance. Systematization and consolidation of the achievements of the great artists of the Renaissance. A meticulous study of the heritage of Raphael and Michelangelo, imitating their mastery of line and composition. A meticulous study of the heritage of Raphael and Michelangelo, imitating their mastery of line and composition. Simplicity, harmony, consistency of the composition of the work. Simplicity, harmony, consistency of the composition of the work. Social, civil issues. Social, civil issues. The main characters are kings, generals, statesmen. The main characters are kings, generals, statesmen. Support of classicism through funding of academic institutions. Support of classicism through funding of academic institutions.
Classicism Classicism (French classicisme, from lat. classicus exemplary) artistic style and aesthetic direction in European art XVII XIX centuries. Classicism is based on the ideas of rationalism, which were formed simultaneously with those in the philosophy of Descartes. artwork, from the point of view of classicism, should be built on the basis of strict canons, thereby revealing the harmony and logic of the universe itself. Classicism is interested only in the eternal, the unchangeable; in each phenomenon it strives to recognize only essential, typological features, discarding random individual characteristics. The aesthetics of classicism attaches great importance to the social and educational function of art. Classicism takes many rules and canons from ancient art
Painting Interest in the art of ancient Greece and Rome appeared back in the Renaissance, which, after centuries of the Middle Ages, turned to the forms, motifs and subjects of antiquity. The greatest theorist of the Renaissance, Leon Batista Alberti, back in the 15th century. expressed ideas that foreshadowed certain principles of classicism and were fully manifested in Raphael’s fresco “The School of Athens” (1511). The systematization and consolidation of the achievements of the great artists of the Renaissance, especially the Florentine ones led by Raphael and his student Giulio Romano, formed the program of the Bolognese school of the late 16th century , the most typical representatives of which were the Carracci brothers. In their influential Academy of Arts, the Bolognese preached that the path to the heights of art lay through a scrupulous study of the heritage of Raphael and Michelangelo, imitation of their mastery of line and composition. Interest in the art of ancient Greece and Rome appeared back in the Renaissance, which, after centuries of the Middle Ages, turned to the forms, motifs and subjects of antiquity. The greatest theorist of the Renaissance, Leon Batista Alberti, back in the 15th century. expressed ideas that foreshadowed certain principles of classicism and were fully manifested in Raphael’s fresco “The School of Athens” (1511). The systematization and consolidation of the achievements of the great artists of the Renaissance, especially the Florentine ones led by Raphael and his student Giulio Romano, formed the program of the Bolognese school of the late 16th century , the most typical representatives of which were the Carracci brothers. In their influential Academy of Arts, the Bolognese preached that the path to the heights of art lay through a scrupulous study of the heritage of Raphael and Michelangelo, imitation of their mastery of line and composition.
IN early XVII century, young foreigners flock to Rome to get acquainted with the heritage of antiquity and the Renaissance. The most prominent place among them was occupied by the Frenchman Nicolas Poussin, in his paintings, mainly on the themes of ancient antiquity and mythology, which provided unsurpassed examples of geometrically precise composition and thoughtful relationships between color groups. Another Frenchman, Claude Lorrain, in his antique landscapes of the environs of the “eternal city”, organized the pictures of nature by harmonizing them with the light of the setting sun and introducing peculiar architectural scenes. Jacques-Louis David. “The Oath of the Horatii” (1784) Poussin’s coldly rational normativism aroused the approval of the Versailles court and was continued by court artists like Lebrun, who saw the ideal in classicist painting artistic language to praise the absolutist state of the "sun king". Although private customers preferred various options Baroque and Rococo, the French monarchy kept classicism afloat by funding academic institutions such as the School fine arts. The Rome Prize provided the most talented students with the opportunity to visit Rome for direct acquaintance with the great works of antiquity. At the beginning of the 17th century, young foreigners flocked to Rome to get acquainted with the heritage of antiquity and the Renaissance. The most prominent place among them was occupied by the Frenchman Nicolas Poussin, in his paintings, mainly on the themes of ancient antiquity and mythology, who provided unsurpassed examples of geometrically precise composition and thoughtful relationships between color groups. Another Frenchman, Claude Lorrain, in his antique landscapes of the environs of the “eternal city”, organized the pictures of nature by harmonizing them with the light of the setting sun and introducing peculiar architectural scenes. Jacques-Louis David. “The Oath of the Horatii” (1784) Poussin’s coldly rational normativism aroused the approval of the Versailles court and was continued by court artists like Le Brun, who saw in classicist painting the ideal artistic language for praising the absolutist state of the “sun king.” Although private clients favored various variants of Baroque and Rococo, the French monarchy kept classicism afloat by funding academic institutions such as the École des Beaux-Arts. The Rome Prize provided the most talented students with the opportunity to visit Rome for direct acquaintance with the great works of antiquity.
Claude Lorrain. Noon or 1661 State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
Literature The aesthetics of classicism reflected the desire to idealize reality, due to the refusal to depict a complex and multifaceted reality. IN theater arts This direction established itself in the works of, first of all, French authors: Corneille, Racine, Voltaire, Moliere. Classicism had a great influence on Russian national theater(A.P. Sumarokov, V.A. Ozerov, D.I. Fonvizin) The aesthetics of classicism reflected the desire to idealize reality, due to the refusal to depict a complex and multifaceted reality. In theatrical art, this direction established itself in the works, first of all, of French authors: Corneille, Racine, Voltaire, Moliere. Classicism had a great influence on the Russian national theater (A.P. Sumarokov, V.A. Ozerov, D.I. Fonvizin) Voltaire (Francois - Marie Arouet)
FONVIZIN Denis Ivanovich (April 3 (14), 1744 (1745?), Moscow - December 1 (12), 1792, St. Petersburg) Russian writer, educator. In the comedy “The Brigadier” (staged in 1770), he satirically depicted the morals of the noble class and its passion for everything French. In the comedy “The Minor” (staged in 1782), a landmark work of Russian literature, Fonvizin, seeing the root of all Russia’s troubles in serfdom, ridiculed the system of noble upbringing and education. “Notes of the First Journey” (letters to P.I. Panin; published in the 1800s) played a significant role in the development of Russian prose. Russian writer, educator. In the comedy “The Brigadier” (staged in 1770), he satirically depicted the morals of the noble class and its passion for everything French. In the comedy “The Minor” (staged in 1782), a landmark work of Russian literature, Fonvizin, seeing the root of all Russia’s troubles in serfdom, ridiculed the system of noble upbringing and education. “Notes of the First Journey” (letters to P.I. Panin; published in the 1800s) played a significant role in the development of Russian prose.
The pinnacle of classicism in tragedy were the works of the French poets P. Corneille (Cid, Horace, Nicomedes), who was called the father of French classical tragedy, and J. Racine (Andromache, Iphigenia, Phaedra, Athaliah). With their work, these authors caused heated debate during their lifetime over the incomplete observance of the rules regulated by classicism, but perhaps it was precisely the deviations that made the works of Corneille and Racine immortal. ABOUT French classicism in its best examples, A.I. Herzen wrote: “... a world that has its limits, its limitations, but also has its strength, its energy and high grace...”. The pinnacle of classicism in tragedy were the works of the French poets P. Corneille (Cid, Horace, Nicomedes), who was called the father of French classical tragedy, and J. Racine (Andromache, Iphigenia, Phaedra, Athaliah). With their work, these authors caused heated debate during their lifetime over the incomplete observance of the rules regulated by classicism, but perhaps it was precisely the deviations that made the works of Corneille and Racine immortal. About French classicism in its best examples, A.I. Herzen wrote: “... a world that has its limits, its limitations, but also has its strength, its energy and high grace...”.
In comedies, compliance with the same canons was required. In the hierarchically ordered system of dramatic genres of classicism, comedy occupied the place of a low genre, being the antipode of tragedy. It was addressed to that sphere of human manifestations where reduced situations operated, the world of everyday life, self-interest, human and social vices reigned. The comedies of J.B. Molière are the pinnacle of the comedies of classicism. In comedies, compliance with the same canons was required. In the hierarchically ordered system of dramatic genres of classicism, comedy occupied the place of a low genre, being the antipode of tragedy. It was addressed to that sphere of human manifestations where reduced situations operated, the world of everyday life, self-interest, human and social vices reigned. The comedies of J.B. Molière are the pinnacle of the comedies of classicism.
Sculpture The impetus for the development of classicist sculpture in the mid-18th century was the writings of Winckelmann and archaeological excavations of ancient cities, which expanded the knowledge of contemporaries about ancient sculpture. Classicism reached its highest embodiment in the field of plastic art in the heroic and idyllic works of Antonio Canova, who drew inspiration mainly from the statues of the Hellenistic era (Praxiteles). In Russia, Fedot Shubin, Mikhail Kozlovsky, Boris Orlovsky, and Ivan Martos gravitated towards the aesthetics of classicism. Public monuments, which became widespread in the era of classicism, gave sculptors the opportunity to idealize military valor and the wisdom of statesmen. Fidelity to the ancient model required sculptors to depict models naked, which conflicted with accepted moral norms. To resolve this contradiction, modern figures were initially depicted by classicist sculptors in the form of naked ancient gods: Suvorov as Mars, and Polina Borghese as Venus. Under Napoleon, the issue was resolved by moving to the depiction of modern figures in ancient togas (such are the figures of Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly in front of the Kazan Cathedral). Bertel Thorvaldsen. “Ganymede Feeding the Eagle of Zeus” (1817). Private customers of the classic era preferred to perpetuate their names in tombstones. The popularity of this sculptural form contributed to the arrangement of public cemeteries in the main cities of Europe.
Antonio Canova. Cupid and Psyche (Paris, Louvre) Bertel Thorvaldsen. "Ganymede Feeding Zeus' Eagle" (1817).
Architecture The main feature The architecture of classicism was an appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity and monumentality. The architecture of classicism as a whole is characterized by regularity of layout and clarity of volumetric form. The basis of the architectural language of classicism was the order, in proportions and forms close to antiquity. Classicism is characterized by symmetrical axial compositions, restraint of decorative decoration, and a regular city planning system. The main feature of the architecture of classicism was the appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity and monumentality. The architecture of classicism as a whole is characterized by regularity of layout and clarity of volumetric form. The basis of the architectural language of classicism was the order, in proportions and forms close to antiquity. Classicism is characterized by symmetrical axial compositions, restraint of decorative decoration, and a regular city planning system.
Music Music of the classical period, or music of classicism, refers to the period in the development of European music approximately between 1730 and 1820. The concept of classicism in music is firmly associated with the work of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, called the Viennese classics and who determined the direction of further development of musical composition. Music of the classical period, or music of classicism, refers to the period in the development of European music approximately between 1730 and 1820. The concept of classicism in music is firmly associated with the work of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, called the Viennese classics and who determined the direction of further development of musical composition. The aesthetics of classicism was based on the belief in the rationality and harmony of the world order, which was manifested in attention to the balance of parts of the work, careful finishing of details, and the development of basic canons musical form. It was during this period that the sonata form was finally formed, based on the development and opposition of two contrasting themes, and the classical composition of the parts of the sonata and symphony was determined. The aesthetics of classicism was based on the belief in the rationality and harmony of the world order, which was manifested in attention to the balance of parts of the work, careful finishing of details, and the development of the basic canons of musical form. It was during this period that the sonata form was finally formed, based on the development and opposition of two contrasting themes, and the classical composition of the parts of the sonata and symphony was determined.
Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart The most brilliant composers of classicism were the great Austrians - Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Haydn created fantastic choral, operatic, orchestral and instrumental music - but his greatest achievement was his symphonies, of which he wrote more than a hundred. Haydn created fantastic choral, operatic, orchestral and instrumental music - but his greatest achievement was his symphonies, of which he wrote more than a hundred. Mozart - most brilliant composer of all times and peoples. Having lived short life, he left incredible musical heritage- 41 symphonies. His greatest achievements are considered to be his operas, in which he showed himself and how great musician and as a talented playwright, some of his most beautiful operas are Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Magic Flute. Mozart is the most brilliant composer of all times. Having lived a short life, he left an incredible musical legacy - 41 symphonies. His greatest achievements are considered to be his operas, in which he showed himself both as a great musician and as a talented playwright, some of his most beautiful operas are “Don Giovanni”, “The Marriage of Figaro”, “The Magic Flute”. Mozart
Ludwig van Beethoven At the end of the eighteenth century, another star of classical music rose - Ludwig van Beethoven, a composer who began composing music in the classical style inherited from Mozart and Haydn. He eventually outgrew it, and literally split classic style, marking the dawn new era, known as the Romantic period in music. Ludwig Van Beethoven Ludwig Van Beethoven
The growth of social freedom led to the appearance of the first public concerts. Musical societies and orchestras are being formed in the main cities of Europe. During the period of classicism, a string quartet consisting of two violins, a viola and a cello appeared, and the composition of the orchestra expanded significantly. Fundamental changes have taken place in orchestras; there is no longer a need for a harpsichord or an organ, as in the main musical instruments, wind instruments- clarinet, flute, trumpet, etc., on the contrary, took their place in the orchestra and created a new, special sound. During the period of classicism, a string quartet consisting of two violins, a viola and a cello appeared, and the composition of the orchestra expanded significantly. One of the first composers to use the symphonic format was the son of J. S. Bach - Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach.
In the same era, the piano, or fortepiano (correct name), was created. This allowed keyboardists to play music in different variations, both softly (piano) and louder (forte), depending on the keys used. The most important of solo works During the classical period there were sonatas, they were created for any solo instrument, but primarily for playing the piano. Like symphonies, sonatas became a way to combine many different types of instrumental music into one type.
Note: The concept of "classical music" should not be confused with the concept of "classical music", which has a more general meaning as the music of the past that has stood the test of time. The concept of "classical music" should not be confused with the concept of "classical music", which has a more general meaning as the music of the past that has stood the test of time.
Joseph Haydn
Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never called himself Franz) was born on April 1, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rohrau, near the border with Hungary, in the family of Matthias Haydn (). His parents, who were seriously interested in singing and amateur music-making, discovered in the boy musical abilities and in 1737 they sent him to relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Danube, where Joseph began to study choral singing and music. In 1740, Joseph was noticed by Georg von Reutter, director of the chapel of the Vienna Cathedral of St. Stefan. Reutter took the talented boy to the chapel, and he sang in the choir for nine years. In 1749, Joseph's voice began to break and he was kicked out of the choir. The subsequent ten-year period was very difficult for him. Josef took on various jobs, including being a servant Italian composer Nicola Porpora, from whom he also took composition lessons. Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never called himself Franz) was born on April 1, 1732 in the Lower Austrian village of Rohrau, near the border with Hungary, in the family of Matthias Haydn (). His parents, who were seriously interested in singing and amateur music-making, discovered musical abilities in the boy and in 1737 sent him to relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Danube, where Joseph began to study choral singing and music. In 1740, Joseph was noticed by Georg von Reutter, director of the chapel of the Vienna Cathedral of St. Stefan. Reutter took the talented boy to the chapel, and he sang in the choir for nine years. In 1749, Joseph's voice began to break and he was kicked out of the choir. The subsequent ten-year period was very difficult for him. Joseph took on various jobs, including being a servant to the Italian composer Nicola Porpora, from whom he also took composition lessons.1 April 1732 Rohrau 1737 Hainburg an der Danube Nicola Porpora 1 April 1732 Rohrau 1737 Hainburg an der Danube Nicola Porpora Childhood
During his youth, Haydn tried to fill in the gaps in his music education, diligently studying the works of Emmanuel Bach and the theory of composition. The harpsichord sonatas he wrote at this time were published and attracted attention. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, written by Haydn in 1749 even before he left the chapel of St. Stefan; opera “The Lame Demon” (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759). Haydn tried to fill the gaps in his musical education by diligently studying the works of Emmanuel Bach and the theory of composition. The harpsichord sonatas he wrote at this time were published and attracted attention. His first major works were two brevis masses, F-dur and G-dur, written by Haydn in 1749 even before he left the chapel of St. Stefan; opera “The Lame Demon” (not preserved); about a dozen quartets (1755), the first symphony (1759) In 1759, the composer received the position of bandmaster at the court of Count Karl von Morzin. Haydn finds himself under the leadership of a small orchestra, for which the composer composes his first symphonies. In 1760 Haydn married Maria Anna Keller. The couple never separated, but they did not have children, which the composer greatly regretted. In 1759, the composer received the position of bandmaster at the court of Count Karl von Morzin. Haydn finds himself under the leadership of a small orchestra, for which the composer composes his first symphonies. In 1760 Haydn married Maria Anna Keller. The couple never separated, but they did not have children, which the composer greatly regretted. Soon, von Mortsin begins to experience financial difficulties and ends his career music project. Soon von Mortsin begins to experience financial difficulties and ends his musical project.
Again freelance musician In 1790, Nikolaus Esterházy died, and his successor, Prince Anton, not being a music lover, dissolved the orchestra. In 1791, Haydn received a contract to work in England. Subsequently, he works extensively in Austria and Great Britain. Two trips to London, where he wrote his best symphonies for Solomon's concerts, further strengthened Haydn's fame. Haydn then settled in Vienna, where he wrote his two famous oratorios: “The Creation of the World” and “The Seasons.” 1790 1791 Passing through Bonn in 1792, he meets the young Beethoven and takes him as a student. Haydn tried his hand at all kinds musical composition, but not in all genres his creativity manifested itself with equal force. In the field of instrumental music, he is rightly considered one of the largest composers of the second half of the 18th century and the beginning. XIX centuries. Haydn's greatness as a composer was most manifested in his two final works: the great oratorios “The Creation of the World” (1798) and “The Seasons” (1801). The oratorio “The Seasons” can serve as an exemplary standard of musical classicism. Bonn by Beethoven
Service with Esterhazy In 1761, a fateful event occurs in Haydn’s life: he is taken as the second bandmaster at the court of the princes of Esterhazy, one of the most influential and powerful aristocratic families of Austria-Hungary. The duties of the conductor include composing music, leading the orchestra, playing chamber music for the patron and staging operas. In 1761, a fateful event occurred in Haydn’s life: he was taken as the second bandmaster at the court of the Esterhazy princes, one of the most influential and powerful aristocratic families of Austria-Hungary. The responsibilities of the conductor include composing music, directing the orchestra, playing chamber music in front of the patron and staging operas. large number works, his fame is growing. In 1781, while staying in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart. During his almost thirty-year career at the Esterházy court, the composer composed a large number of works, and his fame grew. In 1781, while staying in Vienna, Haydn met and became friends with Mozart.1781Mozart1781Mozart
Recent years life Work on oratorios undermined the composer's strength. His last works were “Harmoniemesse” (1802) and the unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1803). The last sketches date back to 1806; after this date, Haydn did not write anything else. Work on oratorios undermined the composer's strength. His last works were “Harmoniemesse” (1802) and the unfinished string quartet op. 103 (1803). The last sketches date back to 1806; after this date, Haydn no longer wrote anything. He died. great composer in Vienna on May 31, 1809. The great composer died in Vienna on May 31, 1809. May 31, 1809 A crater on the planet Mercury was named in honor of Haydn. A crater on the planet Mercury is named after Haydn. crater List of works Chamber music Chamber music 12 sonatas for violin and piano 12 sonatas for violin and piano 77 string quartets 77 string quartets 6 duets for violin and viola 6 duets for violin and viola 30 trios for string instruments 30 trios for string instruments About 35 trios for piano, violin and cello About 35 trios for piano, violin and cello 55 operas 55 operas
Vocal works 24 operas 24 operas Selected: Selected: “True Constancy” “True Constancy” “Orpheus and Eurydice” “Orpheus and Eurydice” “Asmodeus, or the New Lame Demon” “Asmodeus, or the New Lame Demon” “The Apothecary” “The Apothecary” “The Unexpected meeting" "An unexpected meeting" Oratorios Oratorios "The Creation of the World" "The Creation of the World" "The Seasons" "The Seasons" Fourteen Masses Fourteen Masses
Concertos Nine concertos for violin and orchestra Nine concertos for violin and orchestra Six concertos for cello and orchestra Six concertos for cello and orchestra 16 concertos for other instruments (including double bass, baritone, flute, horn) 16 concertos for other instruments (incl. including for double bass, baritone, flute, horn) 20 concertos for piano and orchestra 20 concertos for piano and orchestra
Symphonic music“Farewell Symphony” “Farewell Symphony” Oxford Symphony Oxford Symphony 6 Paris Symphonies 6 Paris Symphonies 12 London Symphonies 12 London Symphonies (Total 104 symphonies) (Total 104 symphonies) 66 divertimentos and cassations 66 divertimentos and cassations For piano For piano Fantasies, variations Fantasies , variations 33 sonatas for piano 33 sonatas for piano
