Pictures of partisan war, the meaning of the image of Tikhon Shcherbaty. Essay on the topic: the image of the partisan Tikhon Shcherbaty (L. N. Tolstoy. “War and Peace”). The value of ordinary people

The image of Shcherbaty expresses the active beginning of the Russian spirit, showing the ability of the people to fearlessly fight against the invaders. Tikhon is the embodiment of a heroic people who rose up to defend the Fatherland.

Karataev embodies the idea of “non-resistance to evil through violence” that is close to the writer. The writer appreciates in this hero the manifestation of “everything Russian, kind and round,” all those qualities that, according to Tolstoy, constituted moral basis Russian people, Russian peasantry. Patriarchalism, gentleness, humility and religiosity are traits without which, according to Tolstoy, the mental makeup of the Russian peasant is unthinkable.

Tikhon Shcherbaty personifies that “club” in the romance people's war”, which rose and “with terrible force nailed the French until the entire invasion was destroyed.” “Non-resistance” Platon Karataev is a different type national character, the other side of “folk thought”.

Tikhon - “the most useful and brave man“in Denisov’s partisan detachment: “No one else discovered cases of attack, no one else took him and beat the French.” Shcherbaty occupied a special, exclusive place in Denisov’s detachment: “When something especially difficult had to be done... everyone pointed, laughing, at Tikhon.” At night he left the detachment and obtained everything that was necessary for his comrades, for the common cause: weapons, clothing, and when he was ordered, he also delivered prisoners. Tikhon was not afraid of any work. He was good at wielding an ax (“like a wolf wielding his teeth”) and deftly, with all his might, split logs. If necessary, the ax in his hands turned into a formidable weapon. This character embodies the heroic forces of the people, their resourcefulness, camaraderie, and daring.

Important Feature Tikhon - the ability not to lose heart, not to lose heart under any circumstances, an indestructible sense of humor. This trait makes Shcherbatov everyone’s favorite in the detachment: “...he was the jester of all the Cossacks and hussars,” and “he himself willingly succumbed to this chip.” Probably, some of Tikhon’s traits (for example, his cruelty) could have been condemned by the writer if we were talking about peaceful

time. But at a critical moment in history, when the question of the future of Russia, the fate of all Russian people is being decided ( Patriotic War 1812), the activities of people like Shcherbaty are salutary for both the country and the people.

Tolstoy will give each of the heroes a bright portrait and speech characteristics. Tikhon’s entire appearance exudes dexterity, confidence, and strength. A funny and expressive feature of his appearance is a missing tooth (for this Tikhon was nicknamed Shcherbaty). His language is permeated with humor, a crude joke. Plato's appearance is also peculiar. He was over fifty years old, but everything in his appearance was preserved intact: there was not a single gray hair in his beard or hair, everything was round - his face, his shoulders, his back, and his stomach. Everything had the appearance of some kind of drowsiness, softness.

If Tikhon is merciless towards the enemy, then Karataev loves all people, including the French. Other important features in Karataev are the spirit of truth-seeking, spiritual clarity, love of work: “He knew how to do everything, not very well, but not bad either.”

Plato - bright spokesman the philosophy of patience, characteristic of the Russian peasantry and determined by the uniqueness of Russian history and culture. This philosophy of life is reflected in the proverbial wisdom that often sounds in Plato’s melodious speech: “Fate seeks the head,” “To endure an hour, but to live a century.” Sometimes it seems that he uses the philosophy of patience to cover up his helplessness, his inability to actively resist circumstances. Karataev seems to be completely devoid of individual consciousness; at all times he relies on worldview stereotypes that have evolved over centuries among the people: “Where there is court, there is untruth,” “Never refuse a scrip and prison,” “Not by our mind, but by God’s court.” .

Unlike Karataev, Shcherbaty does not remember God, relying only on himself - on his strength, ingenuity, spiritual vigor. Yellowfang can be harsh, and if circumstances require it, even cruel. These features distinguish him from Plato, who strives to see “solemn beauty” in everything. Shcherbaty, experiencing a patriotic feeling and hatred of the invaders, goes at them with an ax. Plato, on the other hand, is ready to “suffer innocently in vain” rather than shed human blood, even if it is the blood of an enemy.

Karataev and Shcherbaty are two hypostases of a single whole. Salvation for Russia, according to Tolstoy, lies in the synthesis of these two principles - meekness, humility and peacefulness, on the one hand, and energy, will, and the ability to take active action, on the other. Having learned the truth of Karataev, Pierre follows exactly this path in the epilogue of the novel.

The rain passed, only fog and drops of water fell from tree branches. Denisov, Esaul and Petya silently rode behind a man in a cap, who, lightly and silently stepping with his bast-clad feet on roots and wet leaves, led them to the edge of the forest. Coming out onto the trail, the man paused, looked around and headed towards the thinning wall of trees. At a large oak tree that had not yet shed its leaves, he stopped and mysteriously beckoned to him with his hand. Denisov and Petya drove up to him. From the place where the man stopped, the French were visible. Now, behind the forest, a spring field ran down a semi-hillock. To the right, across a steep ravine, a small village and a manor house with collapsed roofs could be seen. In this village and in the manor's house, and throughout the hillock, in the garden, at the wells and pond, and along the entire road up the mountain from the bridge to the village, no more than two hundred fathoms away, crowds of people were visible in the fluctuating fog. Their non-Russian screams at the horses in the carts struggling up the mountain and calls to each other were clearly heard. “Give the prisoner here,” Denisov said quietly, without taking his eyes off the French. The Cossack got off his horse, took the boy off and walked up to Denisov with him. Denisov, pointing to the French, asked what kind of troops they were. The boy, putting his chilled hands in his pockets and raising his eyebrows, looked at Denisov in fear and, despite the visible desire to say everything he knew, was confused in his answers and only confirmed what Denisov was asking. Denisov, frowning, turned away from him and turned to the esaul, telling him his thoughts. Petya, turning his head with quick movements, looked back at the drummer, then at Denisov, then at the esaul, then at the French in the village and on the road, trying not to miss anything important. “He’s coming, not Dolokhov is coming, we have to fight!.. Eh?” said Denisov, his eyes flashing merrily. “The place is convenient,” said the esaul. “We’ll send the infantry down through the swamps,” Denisov continued, “they’ll crawl up to the garden; you will come with the Cossacks from there,” Denisov pointed to the forest behind the village, “and I will come from here, with my ganders. And along the road... “It won’t be a hollow—it’s a quagmire,” said the esaul. “You’ll get your horses bogged down, you need to go around to the left... While they were talking in a low voice in this way, down in the ravine from the pond, one shot clicked, smoke turned white, another, and a friendly, seemingly cheerful cry was heard from hundreds of voices of the French who were on the half-mountain. In the first minute, both Denisov and the esaul moved back. They were so close that it seemed to them that they were the cause of these shots and screams. But the shots and screams did not apply to them. Down through the swamps, a man in something red was running. Apparently he was being shot at and shouted at by the French. “After all, this is our Tikhon,” said the esaul.- He! they are! “What a rogue,” Denisov said. - He will go away! - Esaul said, narrowing his eyes. The man they called Tikhon ran up to the river, splashed into it so that splashes flew, and, hiding for a moment, all black from the water, he got out on all fours and ran on. The French running after him stopped. “Well, he’s clever,” said the esaul. - What a beast! - Denisov said with the same expression of annoyance. - And what has he been doing so far? - Who is this? - Petya asked. - This is our plastun. I sent him to take the tongue. “Oh, yes,” Petya said from Denisov’s first word, nodding his head as if he understood everything, although he absolutely did not understand a single word. Tikhon Shcherbaty was one of the most the right people in the party. He was a man from Pokrovskoye near Gzhat. When, at the beginning of his actions, Denisov came to Pokrovskoye and, as always, calling the headman, asked what they knew about the French, the headman answered as all the headmen answered, as if defending themselves, that they didn’t know anything, didn’t know know. But when Denisov explained to them that his goal was to beat the French, and when he asked if the French had wandered in, the headman said that Myroders There were definitely, but that in their village only one Tishka Shcherbaty was involved in these matters. Denisov ordered Tikhon to be called to him and, praising him for his activities, said a few words in front of the headman about the loyalty to the Tsar and the Fatherland and the hatred of the French that the sons of the Fatherland should observe. “We don’t do anything bad to the French,” said Tikhon, apparently timid at Denisov’s words. “That’s the only way we fooled around with the guys.” Miroderov It’s as if they beat about two dozen, otherwise we didn’t do anything bad... - The next day, when Denisov, completely forgetting about this guy, left Pokrovsky, he was informed that Tikhon had joined the party and asked to be left with it. Denisov ordered to leave him. Tikhon, who at first corrected the menial work of laying fires, delivering water, skinning horses, etc., soon showed greater willingness and ability for guerrilla warfare. He went out at night to hunt for prey and each time brought with him French clothes and weapons, and when he was ordered, he also brought prisoners. Denisov dismissed Tikhon from work, began to take him with him on travels and enrolled him in the Cossacks. Tikhon did not like to ride and always walked, never falling behind the cavalry. His weapons were a blunderbuss, which he wore more for fun, a pike and an ax, which he wielded like a wolf wields his teeth, equally easily picking out fleas from his fur and biting through thick bones. Tikhon equally faithfully, with all his might, split logs with an ax and, taking the ax by the butt, used it to cut out thin pegs and cut out spoons. In Denisov's party, Tikhon occupied his special, exclusive place. When it was necessary to do something especially difficult and disgusting - to turn a cart out of the mud with your shoulder, to pull a horse out of a swamp by the tail, to skin it, to climb into the very middle of the French, to walk fifty miles a day - everyone pointed, laughing, at Tikhon. “What the hell is he doing, you big gelding,” they said about him. Once, the Frenchman whom Tikhon was taking shot at him with a pistol and hit him in the flesh of his back. This wound, for which Tikhon was treated only with vodka, internally and externally, was the subject of the funniest jokes in the entire detachment and jokes to which Tikhon willingly succumbed. - What, brother, won’t you? Is Ali crooked? - the Cossacks laughed at him, and Tikhon, deliberately crouching and making faces, pretending that he was angry, scolded the French with the most ridiculous curses. This incident had only the influence on Tikhon that after his wound he rarely brought prisoners. Tikhon was the most useful and brave man in the party. No one else discovered cases of attack, no one else took him and beat the French; and as a result of this, he was the jester of all the Cossacks and hussars and he himself willingly succumbed to this rank. Now Tikhon was sent by Denisov, at night, to Shamshevo in order to take the tongue. But, either because he was not satisfied with just the Frenchman, or because he slept through the night, during the day he climbed into the bushes, into the very middle of the French and, as Denisov saw from Mount Denisov, was discovered by them.

The main characters of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” are representatives of the noble class. However, the author strives to paint a picture of Russian life in its entirety, so characters from the common people also appear in the story - Tikhon Shcherbaty and Platon Karataev. Both heroes, as Russian national types and exponents of the spiritual essence of the Russian character, are dear to Tolstoy, each in their own way.
The image of Shcherbaty expresses the active beginning of the Russian spirit, showing the ability of the people to fearlessly fight against the invaders. Tikhon is the embodiment of a heroic people who rose up to defend the Fatherland.
Karataev embodies the idea of “non-resistance to evil through violence” that is close to the writer. The writer appreciates in this hero the manifestation of “everything Russian, kind and round,” all those qualities that, according to Tolstoy, formed the moral basis of the Russian people, the Russian peasantry. Patriarchalism, gentleness, humility and religiosity are traits without which, according to Tolstoy, the mental makeup of the Russian peasant is unthinkable.
Tikhon Shcherbaty personifies in the romance that “club of the people’s war,” which rose and “nailed the French with terrible force until the entire invasion was destroyed.” “Non-resistance” Platon Karataev is another type of national character, another side of “people's thought.”
Tikhon is “the most useful and brave man” in Denisov’s partisan detachment: “No one else discovered cases of attack, no one else took him and beat the French.” Shcherbaty occupied a special, exclusive place in Denisov’s detachment: “When something especially difficult had to be done... everyone pointed, laughing, at Tikhon.” At night he left the detachment and obtained everything that was necessary for his comrades, for the common cause: weapons, clothing, and when he was ordered, he also delivered prisoners. Tikhon was not afraid of any work. He wielded an ax well (“like a wolf wields his teeth”), and deftly, with all his might, split logs. If necessary, the ax in his hands turned into a formidable weapon. This character embodies the heroic forces of the people, their resourcefulness, camaraderie, and daring.
An important feature of Tikhon is the ability not to lose heart, not to lose heart under any circumstances, and an indestructible sense of humor. This trait makes Shcherbatov everyone’s favorite in the detachment: “...he was the jester of all the Cossacks and hussars,” and “he himself willingly succumbed to this chip.” Probably, some of Tikhon’s traits (for example, his cruelty) could have been condemned by the writer if we were talking about peaceful
time. But at a critical moment in history, when the question of the future of Russia, the fate of all Russian people (the Patriotic War of 1812) is being decided, the activities of people like Shcherbaty are salutary for both the country and the people.
Tolstoy will give each of the heroes a vivid portrait and speech description. Tikhon’s entire appearance exudes dexterity, confidence, and strength. A funny and expressive feature of his appearance is a missing tooth (for this Tikhon was nicknamed Shcherbaty). His language is permeated with humor, a crude joke. Plato's appearance is also peculiar. He was over fifty years old, but everything in his appearance was preserved intact: not a single gray hair was in his beard or hair, everything was round - his face, his shoulders, his back, and his stomach. Everything had the appearance of some kind of drowsiness, softness.
If Tikhon is merciless towards the enemy, then Karataev loves all people, including the French. Other important features in Karataev are the spirit of truth-seeking, spiritual clarity, love of work: “He knew how to do everything, not very well, but not bad either.”
Plato is a bright exponent of the philosophy of patience, characteristic of the Russian peasantry and determined by the uniqueness of Russian history and culture. This philosophy of life is reflected in the proverbial wisdom that often sounds in Plato’s melodious speech: “Fate seeks the head,” “To endure an hour, but to live a century.” Sometimes it seems that he uses the philosophy of patience to cover up his helplessness, his inability to actively resist circumstances. Karataev seems to be completely devoid of individual consciousness; at all times he relies on worldview stereotypes that have evolved over centuries among the people: “Where there is justice, there is untruth,” “Never refuse a scrip and prison,” “Not by our mind, but by God’s court.” .
Unlike Karataev, Shcherbaty does not remember God, relying only on himself - on his strength, ingenuity, spiritual vigor. Yellowfang can be harsh, and if circumstances require it, even cruel. These features distinguish him from Plato, who strives to see “solemn beauty” in everything. Shcherbaty, experiencing a patriotic feeling and hatred of the invaders, goes at them with an ax. Plato is ready to “suffer innocently in vain” rather than shed human blood, even if it is the blood of an enemy.
Karataev and Shcherbaty are two hypostases of a single whole. Salvation for Russia, according to Tolstoy, lies in the synthesis of these two principles - meekness, humility and peacefulness, on the one hand, and energy, will, and the ability to take active action, on the other. Having learned the truth of Karataev, Pierre follows exactly this path in the epilogue of the novel.

Essay on literature on the topic: Images of Platon Karataev and Tikhon Shcherbatov in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”

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Images of Platon Karataev and Tikhon Shcherbatov in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”

L. Tolstoy dedicated many pages of the novel “War and Peace” philosophical reflections about important historical issues. He comes to the conclusion that the content of the historical process is the movement of the masses, their actions, their powerful, unstoppable force. It was in this conclusion that the genius of the writer manifested itself, who was one of the first in Russian and world literature to recreate pictures of the people's partisan war and reveal them true meaning and meaning.

In the actions of partisan detachments in the Patriotic War of 1812, L. Tolstoy saw

the highest form of unity between the people and the army, which radically changed the very idea of war: from the time of the fire of Smolensk, writes Tolstoy, a war began that did not fit any previous legends of wars. The burning of cities and villages, retreat after battles, Borodin’s attack and retreat again, the fire of Moscow, catching marauders, rehiring transports, guerrilla warfare - all these were deviations from the rules.

“The partisans destroyed the Great Army piece by piece. They picked up those fallen leaves that fell of their own accord from the withered tree - the French army, and sometimes shook this tree. In October, while the French were fleeing to Smolensk, there were hundreds of these parties of various sizes and characters. There were parties that adopted all the techniques of the army, with infantry, artillery, headquarters, and the comforts of life; there were only Cossacks and cavalry; there were small ones, prefabricated ones, on foot, on horseback, there were peasant and landowner ones, unknown to anyone. There was a sexton as the head of the party, who took several hundred prisoners in a month. There was the elder Vasilisa, who killed hundreds of French.”

But for the most part, the partisan army consisted of hundreds and thousands of nameless Russian men, ordinary peasants. They entered into the fight against the invaders not for the sake of glory and awards, but out of an innate sense of patriotism. They defended their families, their loved ones, themselves.

Tikhon Shcherbaty in the novel is one of the representatives of this nameless and numerous army of Russian men. Tikhon's face, pitted with smallpox and wrinkles, with small, narrow eyes, shone with self-satisfied joy.

Tikhon Shcherbaty turns out to be one of the most necessary people in Denisov’s partisan detachment. The writer tells how Tikhon ended up in the detachment: “When, at the beginning of his actions, Denisov came to Pokrovskoye and, as always, calling the headman, asked what they knew about the French, the headman answered, as all the headmen answered, how would defend themselves by saying that they don’t know anything, they don’t know anything. But when Denisov explained to them that his goal was to beat the French, and when he asked if the French had wandered in, the headman said that there had definitely been miroders, but that in their village only one Tishka Shcherbaty was involved in these matters. Denisov ordered Tikhon to be called to him and, praising him for his activities, said a few words in front of the headman about the loyalty to the Tsar and the Fatherland and the hatred of the French that the sons of the Fatherland should observe.”

Not fully understanding the meaning of Denisov’s pompous speech, Tikhon responds with timidity and embarrassment, as if making excuses: “We don’t do anything bad to the French. That's the only way we fooled around with the guys. We definitely beat about two dozen Miroders, otherwise we didn’t do anything bad...”

The next day Denisov forgot to think about the man, but he was informed that he had joined the detachment and asked to be left behind.

In the partisan detachment, Tikhon turned out to be the most necessary and useful fighter. L. Tolstoy says that in Denisov’s detachment Tikhon occupied his special, exclusive place. The writer explains the reason for such exceptionalism: “When it was necessary to do something especially difficult and disgusting - to turn a cart over in the mud with your shoulder, to pull a horse out of a swamp by the tail, to skin it, to climb into the very middle of the French, to walk fifty miles a day - everyone pointed, laughing, at Tikhon.”

L. Tolstoy lovingly describes the exploits of the Russian peasant. He clearly admires the dexterity, sharpness, strength and extraordinary courage of Tikhon Shcherbaty. When we read Tikhon’s story about his adventures behind enemy lines and learn about how he dealt with a captured Frenchman, it becomes clear why L. Tolstoy says: “And good for that people... who, in a moment of trial, without asking how to others followed the rules similar cases, with simplicity and ease, picks up the first club he comes across and nails it with it until in his soul the feeling of insult and revenge is replaced by contempt and pity.”

Glossary:

- Tikhon Shcherbaty in the novel War and Peace

- Tikhon gap-toothed

- image of Tikhon Shcherbaty

- quiet gap-toothed image

- the image of Tikhon Shcherbaty in the novel War and Peace

Who is Tikhon Shcherbaty

Tikhon Shcherbaty has a simple origin, he is a peasant who does not have any privileges. Nothing is known about his civilian past. His only message past life is a mention of him small homeland- the village of Pokrovskoye in the Smolensk region. We become acquainted with this character only in the context of the military sphere.

The role of Tikhon Shcherbaty at the front

At the front, Tikhon Shcherbaty serves in Denisov’s partisan detachment in 1812. Tikhon himself expressed a desire to take part in military events. At first, he performed a not very significant role - he cleaned horses, was involved in making and maintaining fires, from time to time Tikhon Shcherbaty went to the enemy camp and always returned with significant trophies - clothes, food, weapons.

Then his action became more significant, Tikhon rose to a promotion - he was assigned to the Cossack detachment and now his duties include forays into the enemy camp for prisoners who could tell the necessary information that would allow the partisans and the regular army to be in an advantageous position in relation to the enemy . Tikhon did an excellent job with this job. Colleagues noted that he had very developed intuition. Yellowfang always brought the “right” people, who in the novel are called “tongues”.

Appearance of Tikhon Shcherbaty

His nickname is associated with Tikhon Shcherbaty’s appearance. Tikhon was missing one front tooth and therefore the nickname “Scarf-toothed” firmly stuck to him.

We invite you to read the novel “War and Peace” by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

Tikhon Shcherbaty was not distinguished by his pleasant appearance; rather, on the contrary, he appearance caused hostility and even disgust. First of all, this was due to the fact that Tikhon Shcherbaty had suffered from smallpox, and therefore his face was disfigured by specific scars. Apparently, Tikhon Shcherbaty was an elderly man, since a network of wrinkles was very noticeable on his face. Tikhon had small, narrow eyes, and he often smiled a stupid smile.

It is likely that Tikhon Shcherbaty was tall; Tolstoy describes him as a man with long legs and long arms. The author, while describing his appearance, says that Tikhon has flat feet; Tolstoy probably meant flat feet.

In the text, the word “gelding” often appears in relation to Tikhon Shcherbaty. Our ancestors used this word in relation to people who were distinguished by their strong physique.
His voice can be described as bass with a hoarseness. This voice timbre became a successful addition to his image.

Personality characteristics of Tikhon Shcherbaty

While Platon Karataev is depicted as an economic man - a jack of all trades, Tikhon Shcherbaty is an ideal military man.

He is distinguished by courage and dexterity - it was thanks to these qualities that Tikhon was able to earn respect and respect from the leadership of the detachment, in particular Denisov. Tolstoy speaks of him as a person who is necessary and significant in the partisan movement.

Next no less important quality What allowed Tikhon to distinguish himself favorably from the crowd of partisans was his cunning. Tikhon could always come up with something unusual that would best translate the order into action.

Tikhon never rides a horse. Tolstoy does not explain this phenomenon; the author thus simply emphasizes the physical capabilities of this person, adding after this information that Tikhon easily covers a distance of 50 km per day, while he in no way lags behind the cavalry.

Tikhon is always ready to do the most difficult, dirty and unpretentious work, the kind that everyone tries to evade. For example, pulling a horse out of a swamp by its tail.

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In addition to all the oddities, Tikhon Shcherbaty has a cheerful disposition. He often tells his colleagues funny stories, causing general amusement with his story and antics.

From this we can conclude that the image of Tikhon Shcherbaty is to some extent incomplete - the reader is given for consideration only that part of his life that is associated with the partisan movement and military operations, which does not allow a full and multifaceted characterization of this image.