Pushkin's story begins with a description of the protagonist's family, from which the reader learns that his father, Andrei Petrovich, was once an aristocrat, served under the famous Count Minich, but then was forced to resign due to a coup and after that settled in the village and became a landowner, albeit a wealthy one. So the author wanted to show what was happening to the nobility, that they were becoming poorer and losing their former strength.
The main character of the story is Pyotr Grinev, who was well educated and received a good upbringing. His morality will manifest itself in a young man in those moments when he faces trials and he has to make serious and important decisions. But he will be able to get out of any situation with honor, acting according to his conscience and without betraying his Motherland and the views that his father instilled and raised in him from childhood. Peter is capable of much: if he is guilty, then he can ask for forgiveness from Savelich, who was his serf, but raised him from early childhood.
Pushkinsky Grinev was able to easily see the beauty and purity of Masha Mironova’s soul, so he fell in love with her almost immediately. He quickly saw in his colleague a traitor, and in general bad person. And Alexey Shvabrin then showed himself when meeting with Pugachev. But Pushkin’s character himself easily does wonderful things, trying to thank those who helped him. For example, having accidentally met Emelyan Pugachev in a field, without even knowing who he was, he gave him a sheepskin coat made of a hare, because it helped him find his way in a snowy field. But this is not even the main thing, but what he was able to see in the formidable Pugachev, who executes and seems harsh to everyone, a fair and generous person who can act nobly.
But fate also thoroughly tests Petrusha Grinev himself, who, having gone through many tests, still retained all his human qualities. While in the hands of a cruel rebel, he remained faithful to his honor and his homeland. Pushkin's character is very far from the Russian rebellion, which is merciless and senseless. But he doesn’t understand the formalism that manifests itself in the court scenes.
Before meeting Pugachev the rebel, Peter was a little different, more naive and did not show his character. But the situation in which he finds himself, being in a captured fortress, helps the character grow morally and ethically in the eyes of the reader. He is even ready to die if necessary, but the main thing for him is to maintain honor. He is not going to make any compromises with the rebel. Realizing that Masha could be interrogated and it would be humiliating, during the trial, he risked his own life, never said her name.
But even after he was pardoned and released by Pugachev, he does not live in peace, rejoicing at his salvation. He soon goes again to the captured fortress, having learned that Masha is there in captivity. But this trip was very risky: on the one hand, he could be captured again by Pugachev and this time he might not pardon him, and, on the other hand, he could compromise his good name and ruin his career.
Grinev, when he realizes that his command is not going to do anything to save the daughter of Captain Mironov from Pugachev captivity, is surprised by this and was forced to challenge this indifference by going to save her himself.
The story is narrated from the perspective of Petrusha, and into the mouth of his hero the author puts his opinion and his attitude towards Pugachev and his rebellion. By the way, it was the rebellion that helped Pyotr Andreevich’s character reveal itself so well and brightly.
After all, he received his education from Savelich, who knew only about dogs, and from a Frenchman, who was not averse to wooing serf girls, and constantly drank himself into unconsciousness. But Peter’s father was able to raise him to be an honest and decent person, instilling in him the concept of honor and duty. Therefore, Grinev tries to adhere to his father’s order, which the author took as an epigraph to the entire work: “Take care of your honor from a young age.”
Grinev swore allegiance to the empress and therefore he never broke the oath he took. If it were necessary, he would prefer death than to betray the oath he took. Even when his bride is captured by Shvabrin, he asks for help from the rebel Emelyan, but does not betray his oath. That is why the author shows Shvabrin so clearly and vividly, who is a complete contrast to Pyotr Andreevich. Alexey Ivanovich is a nobleman from the capital, but he has a different concept of honor. His patriotism is ostentatious, but in reality he is very afraid of death and for the sake of life he is ready to betray everyone in the world. This Pushkin character is an egoist. He easily goes over to Pugachev’s side, although he hates the people, but only to save his life.
The fate and life of Pushkin's character Pyotr Grinev is complex, but he always moves in the right direction. Author created positive hero, but many nobles at that time were ready to give their lives for their country and for the people.
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Petr Grinev occupies a special place in the work. He is “the author of notes, the narrator. “He comes from an old, noble, but impoverished noble family, opposed to the government.”
Died on the forehead distant ancestor Grinev, and his grandfather suffered along with Volynsky and Khrushchev. Grinev's father also condemns secular St. Petersburg morals. The court calendar reminds him of the careerism and immorality that reigns at court. Therefore, he sends his son Petrusha not to the Semenovsky regiment, but to the army of the distant Orenburg region: “No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, and smell gunpowder...” Grinev’s father is a typical landowner. Pushkin depicts the stagnation and monotony of life, depicting the Grinev family. For the writer, its wretchedness is redeemed by the fact that the old landowner, although strict and despotic, is fair. Let us remember how he bids his son farewell: “Farewell, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.”
The environment in which Pyotr Grinev grew up could not develop his intellectual abilities (“I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys”). In terms of education, he is, of course, inferior to his antipode - Shvabrin. But the strong moral principles that his father instilled in him helped him get out of the most difficult situations.
Pushkin showed the image of Grinev in development: a crazy boy, a young man asserting his independence, a courageous and persistent adult. The events in which he finds himself are what make him so fast. For Pyotr Grinev, honor is loyalty to service and class. In the famous conversation with Pugachev we see a brave nobleman. Finding himself among enemies in a rebellious settlement, he behaves with great dignity. In relation to himself from Pugachev, he does not even allow a mocking tone. He does not need a life bought at the price of humiliating his noble rank. Grinev also truly loves. He saves the life of Masha Mironova, putting his own in danger. At the trial, Peter does not name the girl, preferring to be convicted. The quarrel with Shvabrin speaks of the nobility of Grinev, who stands up for the honor of Masha, whose love for himself he does not know. Shvabrin's vulgarity outrages him. Peter tries to hide his triumph over the defeated Shvabrin. By pitting Grinev and Shvabrin against each other in various life situations, the writer shows that the most important thing in a person is not education and external brilliance of the mind, but devotion to convictions and nobility.
By depicting Grinev and Shvabrin, Pushkin denies the possibility of an alliance between the nobility and the rebellious peasantry. People like Shvabrin join the uprising because they have no principles, no honor, no conscience and are driven by personal goals.
The writer does not think of hiding the class psychology of the Grinevs. He shows that even the morality of the most honest and just landowners is influenced by the power of the serf owner. Those actions of Pyotr Grinev that are worthy of condemnation are associated with his attitude towards serfs, and above all towards his faithful servant Savelich. I remember that one day Petrusha almost left his uncle among his enemies.
Grinev is still young, so out of frivolity he does not think about how his behavior is assessed from the outside when they accept Pugachev’s help in freeing Marya Petrovna. He is grateful: “I don’t know what to call you... But God sees that with my life I would be glad to pay you for what you did for me. Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience.”
Grinev sends Marya Ivanovna with Savelich to her parents - there is nowhere else to hide the orphaned captain’s daughter. He himself remembers his officer’s duties and remains in Zurik’s detachment. Then - arrest, trial... Grinev understands perfectly well what charges will be brought against him: “my unauthorized absence from Orenburg,” “my friendly relations with Pugachev.” Grinev does not feel much guilt here, and if he does not justify himself, it is because he does not want to “get Marya Ivanovna’s name mixed up among the vile slander of villains and bring her herself to a confrontation.”
This is Pushkin’s Grinev. Despite the mistakes of the hero of the work, we see the image of an honest, brave man, capable of great feeling, faithful to duty, but still frivolous in understanding the meaning of the events in which he was a participant.
This is how the aging landowner Pyotr Grinev sees himself, because the narration in the novel is still told on behalf of the hero himself, it was he who spoke about the events of his youth, about the 70s of the 18th century.
Masha Mironova- daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. During our first meeting with her, we see an ordinary Russian girl: “chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind the ears.” Timid and sensitive, she was afraid even of a gun shot. In many ways, her timidity and embarrassment were caused by her lifestyle: she lived rather secluded, even lonely.
From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna, we learn about the unenviable fate of the girl: “The girl is of marriageable age, but what is her dowry? a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money... something to go to the bathhouse with. Okay, if you can find it kind person; Otherwise you’ll sit as an eternal bride among the girls.” But Masha refuses Shvabrin’s offer to become his wife. Her pure, open soul cannot accept marriage to an unloved person: “Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is an intelligent man, has a good family name, and has a fortune; but when I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!” A marriage of convenience is unthinkable for her, even if she finds herself in the most difficult situation. Masha sincerely fell in love with Peter Grinev. And she does not hide her feelings, openly giving him an answer to his explanation: “She, without any affectation, admitted to Grinev her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would be glad of her happiness.” However, she never agrees to get married without the blessing of the groom's parents. It was not easy for Masha to distance herself from Pyotr Andreevich. Her feelings were still as strong, but pride, honor and dignity did not allow her to do otherwise after she learned of his parents’ disagreement with this marriage.
A bitter fate awaits the girl ahead: her parents were executed, and she was hidden in her house by the priest. But Shvabrin took Masha by force and put him under lock and key, forcing her to marry him. When the long-awaited salvation finally comes in the person of Pugachev, the girl is overcome by conflicting feelings: she sees before her the murderer of her parents and at the same time her savior. Instead of words of gratitude, “she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious.”
Pugachev released Peter and Masha, and Grinev sent her to her parents, who received the girl well: “They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her.”
The character of Masha Mironova is clearly revealed after Grinev’s arrest. She was very worried because she knew the real reason arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev’s misfortunes: “She hid her tears and suffering from everyone and meanwhile constantly thought about ways to save him.” Having told Grinev’s parents that “her entire future fate depends on this journey, that she is going to seek protection and help from strong people as the daughter of a man who suffered for his loyalty,” Masha goes to St. Petersburg. She is determined to achieve the release of her loved one, no matter the cost. Having met the empress by chance, but not yet knowing who this woman is, Masha openly tells her her story and the reasons for Grinev’s action: “I know everything, I’ll tell you everything. For me alone, he was exposed to everything that befell him.” It is in this meeting that the character of a modest and timid Russian girl without any education is truly revealed, who, however, found in herself enough strength, fortitude and unyielding determination to defend the truth and achieve the acquittal of her innocent fiancé. Soon she was called to the court, where the release of Pyotr Andreevich was announced.
After reading the work, we understand that the image of Masha Mironova was dear and close to the author. She personifies, along with Tatyana Larina, Pushkin’s ideal of a woman - with a pure, albeit slightly naive soul, a kind, sympathetic heart, faithful and capable of sincere love, for which she is ready to make any sacrifices and do the most daring things.
Popular mass shown in Pushkin's story is not one-faced. Among the peasants there were also active participants in the Pugachev movement (for example, the sentry peasants who captured Grinev near Berdskaya Sloboda), but there were also people like Savelich. The image of Savelich, a servant devoted to his masters, was necessary for Pushkin to true portrayal life of that time. In the image of Savelich, Pushkin painted a good Russian man, the tragedy of whose situation is that he lives in the era of serfdom, which depersonalizes the peasant, and above all and most of all, the courtyard. “Savelich is a miracle. This is the most tragic face, that is, the one who is most pitied in the story,” one of the writers of Pushkin’s contemporaries said well.
IN image of Savelich embodies many attractive traits characteristic of a simple Russian person: fidelity to duty, directness, the ability for deep affection and self-sacrifice. All the best in Grinev was brought up mainly by Savelich. Savelich is deeply attached to Grinev. He sees his duty as ensuring the happiness of his pet. Savelich is a slave by position, but not a slave by spirit. A sense of human dignity lives in him. Bitterness and pain were caused in Savelnch by the rude letter to him from old man Grinev. In Savelich’s response letter, Pushkin emphasized not only the old man’s obedience to his master, but also the awakening in the serf slave of the consciousness that he was the same person as his masters. In the image of Savelich, Pushkin protests against serfdom.
"The Captain's Daughter", in general, everything is soaked through and through folklore; she's saturated in folk speech and folk poetic images. Proverbs, sayings, songs, and fairy tales are generously woven into the fabric of the narrative. It is well known what importance he attached to
Pushkin epigraphs. Epigraphs should illuminate the story, emphasize its main idea, and explain individual episodes. Of the eleven epigraphs to “The Captain’s Daughter,” ten are borrowed from folk poetry, which seems to suggest and instill in the reader the idea of the folk element of the story. Pugachev’s speech is especially rich in folkloric moments. And the main revelation of Pugachev’s appearance was given by Pushkin in the images and symbols of folk poetry, in Pugachev’s “favorite song” and in Kalmyk fairy tale about the eagle and the raven, which he tells to Grinev.
These folkloric moments in “The Captain's Daughter” are not just an aesthetic device, but a poetic expression of a certain political concept. The assessments and views of M. N. Pokrovsky have still not been eliminated in the Pushkin studies literature. Pokrovsky considered “The History of Pugachev” a work that was “obviously unsuccessful” and, moreover, imbued with pronounced noble tendencies. “We must not forget for one minute,” wrote M. N. Pokrovsky, “that “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” was written by the gentleman “landowner.” This led to a number of “contradictions”: the master Pushkin was the first idealizer of the leader of the peasant revolution and, in addition, it turns out that this gentleman and “fan of the ultra-monarchist historiographer” (Karamzin) “loved rebels most of all in history.” “But this contradiction,” M.N. Pokrovsky further wrote, “is apparent. For Pushkin, Pugachev is not at all the leader of the peasant revolution, consciously directed against the masters. For him, Pugachev is the leader of the Cossack uprising, to whom the mob has attached itself, which adheres to any disorder that promises relief of its situation and plunder. But Cossacks are not at all like peasants. The first idealizer of Pugachev was at the same time the first idealizer of the Cossacks.”
Here Pushkin's point of view is expressed with utmost clarity. For him it is absolutely indisputable folk character Pugachev’s movements, and in the light of this note the meaning becomes clear folklore images and the folklore style of “The Captain’s Daughter”. The folklore element in the story reveals and symbolizes the folk character of the Pugachev movement. And all imbued folk wisdom, constantly spouting sayings and proverbs, getting carried away folk songs and revealing your dreams in images folk tale, Pugachev for Pushkin is, as it were, the embodiment of this popular element, its leader and its symbol. Of course, it does not follow from this that Pushkin was the ideologist of the peasant revolution. But Pushkin acutely realized the inevitability of peasant uprisings under the existing feudal system and with exceptional strength and poignancy raised this topic before his contemporaries and posterity
The folklore element of “The Captain's Daughter” clarifies the true essence of the story; in the images of folklore, the undoubted for Pushkin - using his own formula - nationality of the movement is revealed. At the same time, Pushkin’s understanding of folklore as the main artistic medium disclosure of nationality. “The Captain’s Daughter” is the completion of the path begun in “Fairy Tales” - the path of holistic disclosure through folklore of the image of the Russian people and their creative power. From “Ruslan and Lyudmila” - through “Songs about Razin” and “Songs of the Western Slavs” - to “Fairy Tales” and “The Captain’s Daughter” the path of Pushkin folklorism followed. In the era of “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” Pushkin perceived mainly the literary side of folk legend; in the southern period - it opened before him historical significance folk literature; in Mikhailovskoye he understood and realized folklore as an expression of the nationality and as a powerful creative source. The last period is marked by the unification and creative synthesis of all these elements. The historical understanding of nationality that Pushkin had now developed led him to focus his work on folklore, which thereby meant an orientation toward the broad masses of the people and a break with noble-feudal limitations.
Old literary criticism failed to realize the significance of Pushkin’s holistic and organic path to folklore. The appeal to the Russian folk element seemed to remove Pushkin’s previous passion for Western culture. Such a mistake was completely natural. It is no coincidence that Turgenev could not understand the artistic power and charm of Pushkin’s “Fairy Tales”. ““Fairy Tales” and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” are the weakest of all his works,” he said in his speech at the opening of the Pushkin monument in 1880. At the same time, he added: “as is known,” i.e., apparently he thought so a common and taken-for-granted opinion. For Turgenev, such a judgment was inevitable - it flowed from his understanding of the essence of the people and the people's poet. It is rooted in his opposition between people and nation. In the same speech, Turgenev argued that ordinary people would never read Pushkin. "What a great poet read by those we call common people. The German common people do not read Goethe, the French Molière, even the English do not read Shakespeare.” “Their nation reads them.”
And only in the light of our understanding of nationality, in the light of the era of socialist construction and the creation of a classless society, is the organic combination of Pushkin’s two paths clearly revealed and fully comprehended. Orientation towards folk poetry and “vernacular”, on the one hand, and towards the great Western European writers, on the other, were inseparable in his mind, and on this path he saw the future of Russian literature. He envisioned the development of Russian literature along the path of broad Western European enlightenment and at the same time a deep mastery of the entire heritage of national Russian culture. Advanced ideas of world literature should become a national property. Hence the desire for simplicity, which Pushkin invariably preached. The system of these ideas contains the meaning and socio-historical significance of Pushkin’s folklorism.
), Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a young officer who found himself at his place of service in the midst of a riot and accidentally encountered Pugachev himself.
Grinev himself says that he “lived as a teenager” until he was sixteen years old. But it is clear that by nature he was not stupid and gifted with extraordinary abilities, because in the Belogorsk fortress, having no other entertainment, he took up reading, practicing French translations, and sometimes writing poetry. “The desire for literature awakened in me,” he writes. – Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov several years later highly praised his literary experiments.
Here's everything we know about the education of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev; Now let's talk about his upbringing. The concepts of upbringing and education are often combined into one whole, whereas, in essence, these are two different areas, and sometimes the question even arises: what is more important for a person - education or upbringing? IN in this case- it was the upbringing given to Grinev by his parents, instilled in him from childhood with words, instructions, and most importantly by example, that made him a man, created strong foundations that showed him the straight and correct path in life.
What example did he see in his parents’ house? We can judge this by individual words scattered throughout the story. We learn that Grinev’s parents were honest, deeply decent people: his father, adhering to strict rules himself, did not allow drunken and frivolous behavior in his house, among his servants and subordinates. The best evidence of his principles is the instructions he gives to his son: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not dissuade yourself from serving; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.”
A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. Audiobook
The main thing in these instructions is loyalty to the oath. We see the importance Grinev the father attached to her by his terrible grief when he learned about the accusation of treason against the empress and participation in Pugachev’s rebellion being brought against his son. It is not the exile of his son to Siberia for eternal settlement, with which the empress, “out of respect for the merits of his father,” replaced the execution that threatened him, plunges the old man into despair, but the fact that his son is a traitor. “My son participated in Pugachev’s plans! Good God, what have I lived to see!” he exclaims: “The Empress is saving him from execution! Does this make it any easier for me? It is not the execution that is terrible: my ancestor died on the execution site, defending what considered it a shrine of my conscience "... "But a nobleman should betray his oath" ... "Shame and disgrace to our family!" – In fact, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, as we know, never betrayed his oath; the instructions his father gave him before leaving apparently sank deeply into his soul; in all the difficult and dangerous moments of his life, he never betrayed the requirements of duty and honor.
Over the short period of time described in the story (about two years), we see how a boy who “lived as a teenager,” chasing pigeons, making a paper kite from a geographical map, under the influence of extraordinary events and strong experiences, turns into an adult, decent and honest . At the beginning of the story, his behavior is still purely boyish: playing billiards with Zurin, innocent lies to the general when explaining the expression “hedgehog gloves,” etc.; but love for Marya Ivanovna, and most importantly the terrible incidents of the Pugachev rebellion, contribute to the fact that he quickly matures. He tells everything that happened to him completely sincerely; He doesn’t hide the fact that he sometimes did stupid things - but his personality stands out to us all the more clearly.
Grinev is not stupid and very likeable. The main traits of his character: simplicity (he never shows off), directness and innate nobility in all actions; when Pugachev, due to Savelich’s intervention, pardoned him when he was on the verge of death, he can't kiss the hand of the robber who pardoned him: “I would prefer the most severe execution to such humiliation.” Kissing the hand of Pugachev, who gave him life, would not have been a betrayal of the oath, but it was contrary to his innate sense of nobility. At the same time, the feeling of gratitude to Pugachev, who saved his life and saved Marya Ivanovna from Shvabrin, never leaves him.
With great masculinity in all of Grinev’s actions, his relationships with people show warmth and kindness. In difficult moments of his life, his soul turns to God: he prays, preparing for death, in front of the gallows, “bringing to God sincere repentance for all sins, and begging Him for the salvation of all loved ones.” At the end of the story, when he, innocent of anything, unexpectedly ended up in prison, chained, he “resorted to the consolation of all those who mourned and, having for the first time tasted the sweetness of prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, calmly fell asleep,” not caring that will be with him.
The image of Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
“The Captain's Daughter” is a story that not only recreates historical reality, but is also a work with deep moral sense. Main character– Pyotr Grinev, a young officer who was sent to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Once in the fortress, he witnesses events that changed not only his life, but also his ideas about many ideals.
During Grinev's stay in the fortress, a peasant uprising began in the province under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. The Belogorsk fortress was taken by the rebels, and at this moment the heroes of the story are faced with an intractable problem: to change their oath and join the rebels or to voluntarily go to their death. Grinev chose to die, but chance still saved him from certain death. Pugachev turned out to be the same man to whom the hero once gave his sheepskin coat.
Grinev did not swear allegiance to Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman, I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” Pugachev released Peter, but on the condition that he would not serve against him. Grinev understood perfectly well that he was in full power this man, however, natural honesty and responsibility for his own actions forced young man to tell the truth: “You know, it’s not my will: if they tell you to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you; if you execute, God will be your judge; but I told you the truth.”
Grinev's sincerity and directness amazed the rebel. And he had no choice but to let the young man go.
It’s amazing how, in such a difficult situation, Grinev manages to retain the human element in himself, unlike Shvabrin and others like him. I think that the uprising in this case became a phenomenon of reality that helped to a greater extent to discern the true face of each of the heroes. Moral values, Grinev’s own inner convictions helped him become a real person. Whereas Shvabrin tarnished the honor of the officer and became a servant of the rebels.
It is no coincidence that Pushkin chose the proverb as the epigraph to “The Captain’s Daughter”: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” The thoughts and actions of the main character fully corresponded to her.
The image of Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (2 version)
Story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is unique and interesting because in it the destinies of the heroes are intertwined with different characters. In fact, this historical story, describing the riot of that time. But on the other hand, the story contains notes of pure, sincere, light and bright love. This feeling flares up with a bright fire and continues to burn throughout the entire narrative, warming the reader’s soul.
Do we know Peter Grinev? Familiar. This is the main character of the story. Perhaps, Pushkin put into the creation of the image everything that was most honest, noble, kind and correct. Grinev’s character and personality were “built” by his father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev. Andrey Petrovich is a former military man. In character he resembles his son. Just as honest, kind, open and sincere. Father Peter's military service ended quickly because he did not want to be dependent on anyone and “beg” for ranks, as many did. He brought up in his son the most noble qualities inherent in man.
Soon Petya turned seventeen. The father became concerned about the future life of his son and began to choose a worthy place for him to serve. Peter himself raved about St. Petersburg and imagined the service there as bright and interesting. But contrary to Petya’s dreams, Andrei Petrovich chose to serve him near Orenburg, where Petr met his future love. Having collected his things, Peter left, remembering his father’s words: “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” So he carried the meaning of this instruction throughout his life.
In Orenburg, new heroes are added to the reader's attention. This is the commandant, a brave and correct man, loyal to Empress Catherine II. His wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, is a fatal and wise woman. The commandant's daughter, Masha Mironova, is a modest and shy girl. The evil Shvabrin, the same age as Peter, is a dark, mean and cynical person.
The nobility of a nobleman and the character of his father are manifested in Grinev more and more. I was especially impressed by the duel played between Shvabrin and Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted and slandered Masha, but Grinev, like a true nobleman, defended the girl’s honor. The result of the duel - Peter is wounded, and Shvabrin is the winner, but what a winner! Poor coward who struck from behind. This fact indicates the cowardice, meanness and insensitivity of this person.
I really liked this story. The personality of Pyotr Grinev is especially clearly expressed here. He does not have heroic strength and a resourceful mind. But he is sincere, open, naive. That is why he evokes sympathy in the reader. He does not know how to pretend, to be a hypocrite, even wanting to save his life. This is where true nobility and strength of character are manifested.
Peter Grinev - noble nobleman
The story "The Captain's Daughter" is based on real events: Peasant War 1773-1775. under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. But this work cannot be called historical in the full sense. The facts here are artistically reworked by the author.
Despite this, Pushkin objectively describes the causes and scope of the Pugachev uprising. He sees the accompanying explosion of cruelty both on the part of the rebels (execution of officers, murder of Vasilisa Yegorovna) and on the part of the tsarist troops (torture of a Bashkir, hanging on rafts).
The most valuable thing in the story is moral problems. Heroes find themselves in difficult situations where they need to make a choice in their favor or for the benefit of other people, to show cruelty or mercy.
The main character of the story is Pyotr Grinev - a nobleman, an officer. The story is told from his perspective. At the beginning of the work, Pyotr Grinev briefly talks about his origin and upbringing. Petrusha’s lifestyle was not much different from the lives of other children noble origin in the 18th century. In those days, it was traditional to define a boy as military service even before birth. Grinev was enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant.
At first he was brought up by the eager Savelich. Then the Frenchman Monsieur Beaupré was assigned to the boy, who was supposed to teach Petrusha languages and various sciences. Grinev himself speaks ironically about his adolescence: “He lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys.”
In his seventeenth year, Peter had to go to military service: “The thought of service merged with the thought of freedom, the pleasures of St. Petersburg life.” Perhaps the young man would have known all the beauty metropolitan life, became a joker, reveler and ladies' man, like officer Zurin. But service in the Belogorsk fortress brought Grinev together with different people: honest and mean, strong in spirit and cowardly, open and cowardly. Here he matured and found true love, friends, but also enemies.
In different situations, Peter acts with unwavering dignity and always defends his honor. He is kind, generous, somewhat quick-tempered, and hot-tempered, since he is still very young. For example, on the way to the fortress, Grinev’s wagon fell into a snowstorm. The driver lost his way. Fortunately, a man I met by chance agreed to lead the lost travelers to the inn. Out of gratitude to the guide, Peter gave him a hare's sheepskin coat and half a ruble for vodka from his shoulder. Grinev doesn’t care at all what rank the person in front of him has. Good must be paid for with good.
In the Belogorsk fortress, it would seem that a boring, quiet service awaited Grinev: the bare steppe around, there were no young officers at all, except for Shvabrin, only old men and disabled people. But the first impression turned out to be deceiving. Peter was immediately welcomed into the family of Commandant Mironov. Here he met Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Ivan Ignatich and Vasilisa Egorovna, for whom at first sight he began to have warm feelings.
For some time, Grinev was on friendly terms with Shvabrin. But he turned out to be envious, proud, mean and cunning. Grinev immediately guessed his base nature.
But Peter was immediately able to appreciate the purity of soul and moral integrity of Masha Mironova. Grinev behaved nobly with Masha. He sincerely fell in love with the girl and immediately offered her his hand and heart, despite the fact that she was without a dowry.
As the novel progresses, Grinev and Pugachev find themselves in hostile camps, but the kindness of Grinev, who gave his counselor a hare sheepskin coat, does not pass without a trace, evoking a reciprocal feeling in Pugachev. We see not two enemies, but two people who sincerely want to help each other. It is no coincidence that a moment before the execution, Pugachev sees Grinev in the hostile crowd around the scaffold, whose gaze warms humanly last minutes life of the leader of the peasant war.
Goodness and mercy are higher than hatred, and for Pushkin this is the only way to solve the problems that have arisen in society. Grinev managed to maintain humanity, honor and self-loyalty in conditions of rebellion. The hero equally does not accept the elements of the “Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless,” and the naked formalism of the official-democratic world, which was especially clearly manifested in the scene of the military court.
Finding himself in a critical situation, Grinev rapidly changes, grows spiritually and morally. Yesterday's noble undergrowth, he prefers death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor, refuses to take the oath to Pugachev. On the other hand, during the trial, risking his life, he does not name Masha so that she would not be subjected to a humiliating interrogation.
Defending his right to happiness, Grinev commits a reckless, brave, desperate act. The trip to the “rebellious settlement” was doubly dangerous: he not only risked being captured by the Pugachevites, but also put his career, well-being, and honor on the line.
“The Captain's Daughter” superbly depicts various aspects of life in the 18th century (the life of a landowner, the life of a distant fortress, the images of old man Grinev, Savelich, Captain Mironov, Pugachev and his “generals”), and the historical flavor of the era is recreated. The characters of the characters, especially Pyotr Grinev, are depicted in a multifaceted way. This noble ignoramus sets out on the road of life as an inexperienced youth, but life’s trials make him an individual, reinforcing what he learned from his parents’ home: loyalty to duty, honor, kindness and nobility.
Fate and character. One of the main characters of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” is Pyotr Grinev, it is on his behalf that the story is told, through his perception all the events of the story are shown. As fate would have it, his time in the army coincided with the time of the peasant uprising. This was a serious test not only for the state, authorities, nobles, but also for every person. It is in critical situations that the true essence of a person, his character, will and good nature are revealed. A.S. Pushkin, as it were, throws his hero into the very thick of military events, guides him through all the vicissitudes of the uprising. At the same time, the spiritually rich personality of Pyotr Grinev is revealed to us.
Petrusha is a young nobleman who received a typical upbringing for those times. And although his French teacher did not give him deep knowledge, Peter nevertheless loved to read and even composed poetry. Wanting to raise his son to be courageous and persistent, the father decided to send him to serve in the army, but not to the capital, but to some distant fortress. From the moment Petrusha leaves his parents' home, his independent, adult life begins. At first it seems to him that he can cope without Savelich’s help. In Simbirsk, Peter easily falls under the influence of the more experienced captain Zurin, who gave him punch and beat him a large amount into cards. Peter understands that he acted dissolutely, but duty is a matter of honor, as it is associated with a noble word. Of course, now it’s difficult for Petrusha to look Savelich in the eyes, but he learned the first lesson in his life. You can’t trust people you don’t know well; not everyone is as trusting and simple-minded as he is. While in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev believed Shvabrin that Masha Mironova was a stupid and boring girl. But he believed it only because he did not allow the thought that a nobleman could slander and have some other benefit from it. Thus, we can say that Peter Grinev is an open, honest and decent person.
His most important qualities were loyalty to duty and honor, which he considered important for any nobleman. Thanks to these qualities, Peter was able to go through all life's trials and dangers. Petrusha believed that it was impermissible for a nobleman who swore allegiance to the empress to swear allegiance to an escaped convict. He preferred to die than to become a traitor to his homeland and trample his honor and dignity into the mud. But Pugachev did not forget the kindness of Petrusha shown at the first meeting, he took the hare's sheepskin coat and spared the young man. Grinev, under no circumstances, can accept Pugachev’s offer to serve on his side. He is honest with the leader of the rebellion to the end and openly declares to him that he cannot help but fight against him, because it is his duty. And Pugachev accepted this argument. We see that such qualities of Grinev as honesty, openness, loyalty to duty and honor evoke admiration from Pugachev. He respects Grinev and is ready to help him, even when he openly fights against him. Peter does not tolerate injustice and deception. His feelings for Masha are pure and tender. He is ready to stand up for her honor and openly challenges Shvabrin to a duel. We see that for Grinev the question of honor is a matter of life and death. During interrogation in the Pugachev case, Peter does not make excuses, does not mention Masha’s name, but behaves courageously and steadfastly.
In the image of Pyotr Grinev, A.S. Pushkin showed the most important personal qualities of a young man. The fate of the hero depends on them; they help him get out of any situation with dignity. Honesty, decency, justice and masculinity of Grinev can be an example for every person who begins an independent adult life. It is no coincidence that the epigraph of the story is the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age.”
