In the story “Bezhin Meadow” by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, landscape plays an important role. The story begins with a description of an early July morning, where the narrator describes all the beauty of nature. He writes that such mornings are the best, the weather has already settled and in the mornings it is not cold, but not hot either. The story is narrated by a hunter who came to the forest and describes all the beauty of nature. The narrator describes the clouds so beautifully that the picture is mesmerizing.
He says that the clouds stand motionless due to calm weather and form bizarre patterns. From the description of this picture one can understand how good mood from the hunter, and he admires the surrounding beauty. He then describes the approach of evening, when these same clouds turn lavender and darkness begins to creep in.
The following describes a picture when a hunter gets lost in the forest and cannot find a way out. He says that he went to the wrong place, and he had to go down into the valley, where the hunter felt terrified. Here the narrator describes that the grass in the valley was wet and high, he felt uneasy, and he quickly wanted to get out onto the hill to see the further road. Having climbed the next hill, the hunter realized that he was completely lost, and he felt uneasy.
The landscape in the story conveys not only the beauty of Russian nature, but also the feelings of the characters themselves. Then the hunter sees a fire and decides to ask for an overnight stay; near the fire there were local boys who were driving out a herd of horses for the night. The boys accept the hunter and he calms down. Here the landscape takes on a different picture and sparkles with different colors. The narrator listens to the children's stories in which they talk about goblin, werewolves and mermaids.
The hunter sees a different picture of swamps and trees on which mermaids sit and kill people. Next, the narrator describes the dawn, which had just begun and a cool breeze began to walk between the leaves of the trees and bushes. The narrator gets ready to go home and leaves the guys, having walked a little, morning came and again warm rays illuminated the earth.
Essay Landscape in Turgenev's story Bezhin meadow
Turgenev's stories are always full of colorful descriptions of nature, especially in the “Notes of a Hunter” cycle. The author skillfully paints landscapes in the smallest detail. When you read the works of Ivan Sergeevich, you are completely immersed in the atmosphere of what is happening.
Reading the story “Bezhin Meadow”, you clearly imagine the forest through which the hunter walked. You can almost hear the rustling of leaves. Imagine the clear blue sky and the gentle spill of dawn across it. At the beginning of the story, the description of nature captures the attention and conveys the beauty of the views that surround the main character, as well as the mood of the hunter.
First we talk about summer in general. Sunny July days are described, one feels lightness, warmth, and serenity. When it is told about the hunter himself and how he walks contentedly with his prey, slightly tired, his fatigue just makes one feel the outline of the landscape: “The air is still light, but no longer illuminated by the sun,” “Cold and thickening shadows.”
Further, when the hunter realizes that he is lost, the author again conveys his anxiety through nature: “Darkness is pouring,” “Night is like a thundercloud,” “Gloomy darkness.” You immediately understand how worried he is main character how his sense of fear is slowly growing, because of the likelihood of staying dark night in the middle of an unfamiliar forest. When the hunter went out into the meadow and met the shepherd boys sitting by the fire, again the nature around him described his condition. The hero feels calm, the fear of being left in the forest in the middle of the night has receded and now he can not worry, relax and listen to the guys’ stories.
The boys told different stories mystical stories and fables, and here nature adds mystery and mystery to these stories. Then, out of nowhere, a dove appeared and flew past sharply, then something rang. At the end of the story, the writer again shows us how the hero feels when it began to dawn and he went home. In the words: “Everything moved, woke up, sang, made noise, spoke,” together with the hunter you feel relief that very soon he will be home. Nothing threatens the hero of the story anymore.
The role of landscape in this work is very important; it allows readers to penetrate deeper into the plot and feel like a participant in the events described by the author. It’s as if you are sitting next to the guys and the hunter, by the fire on Bezhin Meadow and listening to various interesting stories.
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- One day in the life of a peasant 6th, 7th grade history essay
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Everyone loves to dream, regardless of age, gender, employment and financial situation. And if someone says that he prefers tangible reality to a ghostly dream, no one will believe him anyway.
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To the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century who received world recognition and the love of readers during his lifetime, refers to Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. In his works, he poetically described pictures of Russian nature, the beauty human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is complex world human psychology. With the story “Bezhin Meadow,” the image of the child’s world and child psychology was first introduced into Russian literature. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.
History of creation
Peasant children are depicted by the writer with tenderness and love, he notes their rich spiritual world, the ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer awakened in readers love and respect for peasant children, made them think about their future destinies. The story itself is part of a large cycle under the general title “Notes of a Hunter.” The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants were brought onto the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev’s contemporaries considered that a new class had emerged that was worthy of literary description.
In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create “Notes of a Hunter”. In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent the summer in the village, devoting all his free time to hunting and communicating with peasants and their children. Plans for creating the work were first announced in August September 1850. Then, notes containing plans for writing the story appeared on the draft manuscript. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
Analysis of the work
Plot
The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, walking towards the fire of a burning fire, came out into a huge meadow, which the locals called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Having asked them for an overnight stay, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.
In the further narrative, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fyodor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev was always partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard lives, while they maintain high moral principles, are very demanding of themselves and others.
Heroes and characteristics
With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. This is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices in his voice and look strong character. Appearance it speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted with monitoring the stew in the pot. He speaks knowledgeably about a fish splashing in the water and a star falling from the sky.
It is clear from his actions and speech that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy evokes the greatest sympathy not only among the author, but also among the reader. With one twig, unafraid, at night he galloped alone towards the wolf. Pavlusha knows all the animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid of acceptance. When he says that it seemed to him that the merman was calling him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from a horse.
Next comes Fedya, a boy of fourteen “with beautiful and delicate, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile. He belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, according to the right of his elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if afraid of losing his dignity.
The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, elongated, hook-nosed face had a constant expression of dull, painful solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were knitted together, as if he was constantly squinting from the fire. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, “a rope carefully tied his neat black scroll.” He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper factory. We can conclude that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew well all the popular beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.
Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small, freckled face was pointed, like a squirrel’s, and his huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin and short in stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is attracted by his sad, thoughtful look. He is a little cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, he goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen scary stories.
The most inconspicuous boy of all five is seven-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, “quietly huddled under the angular matting, and only occasionally exposed his light brown curly head from under it.” He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him portrait characteristics. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares to bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.
All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From the very early childhood They already know what work is and independently learn about the world around them. This is facilitated by working at home and in the field, and during night trips. That is why Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.
The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is deeply modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that we must protect it and live in unity with it, as a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. Raise our children on work and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.
In the article we will talk about the cycle of stories by I.S. Turgenev - “Notes of a Hunter”. The object of our attention was the work “Bezhin Meadow”, and especially the landscapes in it. Brief description nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" awaits you below.
About the writer
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the greatest Russian writers.
This writer, playwright and translator was born in 1818. He wrote in the genre of romanticism, turning into realism. Latest novels were already purely realistic, while the haze of “world sorrow” was present in them. He also introduced the concept of “nihilist” into literature and, using the example of his heroes, revealed it.
About the story "Bezhin Meadow"
The story “Bezhin Meadow” is part of the “Notes of a Hunter” cycle. The history of the creation of this cycle of independent stories is interesting. Together they create an amazing border of landscapes, excitement, anxiety and harsh nature (and the description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow” is an amazing reflection of human feelings in the mirror of the surrounding world).
When the writer returned to Russia after a trip abroad, in 1847 he began his long haul magazine "Contemporary". Ivan Sergeevich was offered to publish on the pages of the issue small piece. But the writer believed that there was nothing worthy, and in the end he brought it to the editors short story“Khor and Kalinich” (in the magazine it was called an essay). This “essay” had the effect of an explosion; readers began to ask Turgenev in numerous letters to him to continue and publish something similar. So the writer opened a new cycle and began to weave it from stories and essays, like precious beads. A total of 25 stories were published under this title.
One of the chapters - "Bezhin Meadow" - is known amazing paintings nature, the atmosphere of the night. The description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow” is a real masterpiece. The meadow and forest, the night sky, and the fire seem to live their own lives. They are not just background. They are full-fledged characters in this story. Beginning with a description of early morning and dawn, the story takes the reader through the hot summer day, and then by mystical night in the forest and meadow with the mysterious name “Bezhin”.
Description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow". Summary.
On a very nice July day, the hero of the story went hunting for black grouse. The hunt was quite successful, and with a backpack full of game, he decided that it was time to go home. Climbing the hill, the hero realized that in front of him were places completely foreign to him. Deciding that he had “turned too far to the right,” he walked down the hill in the hope that he would now rise from the right side and see familiar places. Night was approaching, and the path was still not found. Wandering through the forest and asking himself the question “So where am I?”, the hero suddenly stopped in front of an abyss into which he almost fell. Finally, he realized where he was. A place called Bezhin Meadow stretched out before him.
The hunter saw lights nearby and people near them. Moving towards them, he saw that they were boys from nearby villages. They grazed a herd of horses here.
It is worth mentioning separately about the description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow”. She surprises, enchants, and sometimes frightens.
The narrator asked to stay with them for the night and, in order not to embarrass the boys, pretended to be asleep. The guys started telling scary stories. The first is about how they spent the night at the factory and were frightened by a “brownie”.
The second story is about the carpenter Gavril, who went into the forest and heard the call of a mermaid. He got scared and crossed himself, for which the mermaid cursed him, saying that “he will kill himself all his life.”
The description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow” serves not only as a decoration for these stories, it complements them with mysticism, charm, and mystery.
So, until dawn, the boys recalled terrible stories. The author really liked the boy Pavlusha. His appearance was completely unremarkable, but he looked very smart and “there was strength in his voice.” His stories did not frighten the boys at all; a rational, wise answer was ready for everything. And when, in the midst of the conversation, the dogs barked and rushed into the forest, Pavlusha rushed after them. Returning, he calmly said that he expected to see a wolf. The boy's courage amazed the narrator. The next morning he returned home and often remembered that night and the boy Pavel. At the end of the story, the hero sadly says that Pavlusha, some time after they met, died - he fell from his horse.
Nature in the story
Pictures of nature occupy a special place in the story. The description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow” by Turgenev begins the story.
The landscape changes somewhat when the hero realizes that he is lost. Nature is still beautiful and majestic, but it evokes some kind of elusive, mystical fear.
When the boys slowly carry on their childish speeches, the meadow around seems to listen to them, sometimes supporting them with eerie sounds or the flight of a dove that has come from nowhere.
The role of the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow"
This story is famous for its landscapes. But he doesn’t talk about nature, but about the story of the main character, about how he, having gotten lost, went to Bezhin Meadow and stayed the night with the village boys, listening to their scary stories and watching the children. Why are there so many descriptions of nature in the story? Landscapes are not just an addition, they set you in the right mood, captivate you, and sound like music in the background of the story. Be sure to read the entire story, it will surprise and enchant you.
It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that only happen when the weather has settled for a long time. From early morning the sky is clear; The morning dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush. The sun - not fiery, not hot, as during a sultry drought, not dull purple, as before a storm, but bright and welcomingly radiant - floats up peacefully under a narrow and long cloud, shines freshly and sinks into its purple fog. The upper, thin edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes; their shine is like the shine of forged silver.
But then the playing rays poured out again, and the mighty luminary rose merrily and majestic, as if taking off. Around noon there usually appears many round high clouds, golden-gray, with delicate white edges. Like islands scattered along an endlessly overflowing river, flowing around them with deeply transparent branches of even blue, they hardly move from their place; further, towards the horizon, they move, crowd together, the blue between them is no longer visible; but they themselves are as azure as the sky: they are all thoroughly imbued with light and warmth.
The color of the sky, light, pale lilac, does not change throughout the day and is the same all around; It doesn’t get dark anywhere, the thunderstorm doesn’t thicken; unless here and there bluish stripes stretch from top to bottom: then barely noticeable rain is falling. By evening these clouds disappear; the last of them, blackish and vague, like smoke, lie in pink clouds opposite the setting sun; at the place where it set as calmly as it calmly rose into the sky, a scarlet glow stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the evening star glows on it.
On days like these, the colors are all softened; light, but not bright; everything bears the stamp of some touching meekness. On such days, the heat is sometimes very strong, sometimes even “soaring” along the slopes of the fields; but the wind disperses, pushes apart the accumulated heat, and whirlwind vortices - an undoubted sign of constant weather - walk in tall white pillars along the roads through the arable land. The dry and clean air smells of wormwood, compressed rye, and buckwheat; even an hour before night you do not feel damp. The farmer wishes for similar weather for harvesting grain...
The moon has finally risen; I didn’t notice it right away: it was so small and narrow. This moonless night seemed to be as magnificent as before... But many stars, which had recently stood high in the sky, were already leaning toward the dark edge of the earth; everything around was completely quiet, as everything usually only calms down in the morning: everything was sleeping in a deep, motionless, pre-dawn sleep. There was no longer such a strong smell in the air; dampness seemed to be spreading in it again... The summer nights were short!.. The boys' conversation faded away along with the lights... The dogs even dozed; the horses, as far as I could discern, in the slightly faltering, weakly pouring light of the stars, also lay with their heads bowed... A faint oblivion attacked me; it turned into dormancy.
Matsuo Basho
Hint: Turgenev, in his description of nature, creates an atmosphere of mystery, showing that on such a fantastic night something mysterious must inevitably happen. He peers, observes, not only notices, but also reveals the secrets of the familiar world. The author uses a poetic, fairy-tale device: the hunter got lost. I got lost... and unexpectedly discovered special world nature, children's world, a world full of fantastic secrets, beliefs, fairy tales, a sincere and kind world. The pictures of nature in the story reflect the mood of man, man is part of nature. Turgenev’s landscape lives the same life with the characters, as if nature understands people. We can safely say that Turgenev is a master of landscape.
Matsuo Basho is a recognized Master of Japanese poetry. Basho's haiku (three lines) are truly masterpieces. Haiku teaches you to look for hidden beauty in the simple, inconspicuous, everyday. “Basho is considered the First Great Master of Haiku. According to Basho, the process of writing a poem begins with the poet’s penetration into the “inner life,” into the “soul” of an object or phenomenon, followed by the transmission of this “inner state” in the simple and laconic form of a tercet. Basho associated this skill with the principle-state “sabi” (“sadness of loneliness”, or “enlightened loneliness”), which allows you to see " inner beauty"expressed in simple, even meager forms." (V. Markova)
"Autumn has already arrived!" -
The wind whispered in my ear,
Sneaking up to my pillow.
What freshness it blows
From this melon in drops of dew,
With sticky wet soil!
Evening bindweed
I'm captured...Motionless
I stand in oblivion.
Vasily Shukshin The sun, the old man and the girl The days burned with white fire. The ground was hot, the trees were hot too. Dry grass rustled underfoot. Only in the evenings did it get cooler. And then an ancient old man came out to the bank of the fast-moving Katun River, always sat down in one place - near a snag - and looked at the sun. The sun was setting behind the mountains. In the evening it was huge and red. The old man sat motionless. His hands lay on his knees - brown, dry, and terribly wrinkled. The face is also wrinkled, the eyes are moist and dull. The neck is thin, the head is small, gray. Sharp shoulder blades stick out under a blue calico shirt. One day the old man, when he was sitting like that, heard a voice behind him: “Hello, grandfather!” The old man nodded his head. A girl sat next to him with a flat suitcase in her hands. - Are you resting? The old man nodded his head again.
Said; - Resting. He didn't look at the girl. - Can I write to you? - asked the girl. - How is this? - the old man did not understand. - Draw you. The old man was silent for some time, looking at the sun, blinking his reddish eyelids without eyelashes. “I’m ugly now,” he said. - Why? - The girl was somewhat confused. - No, you are handsome, grandfather. - In addition, he is sick. The girl looked at the old man for a long time. Then she stroked his dry, brown hand with a soft palm and said: “You are very handsome, grandfather.” Is it true. The old man smiled weakly: “Draw, if that’s the case.” The girl opened her suitcase. The old man coughed into his palm: - City, probably? - he asked. - City. - Apparently they pay for this? - When, in general, I do well, they will pay. - We have to try. - I'm trying. They fell silent. The old man kept looking at the sun.
The girl drew, peering at the old man’s face from the side. -Are you from here, grandfather? - Local. - And were born here? - Here, here. - How old are you now? - Godkov? Eighty. - Wow! “A lot,” the old man agreed and smiled weakly again. “What about you?” - Twenty five. There was silence again. - What a sun! - the old man exclaimed quietly. - Which? - the girl didn’t understand. - Big. - A-ah... Yes. It's actually beautiful here. - And look, what kind of water there... Near that shore... - Yes, yes. - Exactly more blood was added. “Yes.” The girl looked at the other shore. “Yes.” The sun touched the peaks of Altai and began to slowly sink into the distant blue world.
And the deeper it went, the more clearly the mountains appeared. They seemed to move closer. And in the valley - between the river and the mountains - the reddish twilight was quietly fading. And a thoughtful soft shadow approached from the mountains. Then the sun completely disappeared behind the sharp ridge of Buburkhan, and immediately a swift fan of bright red rays flew out into the greenish sky. He did not last long - he also quietly faded away. And in the sky in that direction the dawn began to blaze. “The sun has gone,” the old man sighed. The girl put the sheets of paper in a box. For some time we sat just like that, listening to the small rushing waves babbling along the shore. Fog crept into the valley in large wisps. In a small forest nearby, some night bird timidly cried out.
They responded loudly to her from the shore, on the other side. “Okay,” the old man said quietly. And the girl was thinking about how she would soon return to the distant sweet city and bring a lot of drawings. There will be a portrait of this old man too. And her friend, talented, a real artist, will certainly be angry: “Wrinkles again!.. And for what? Everyone knows that Siberia has a harsh climate and people work there a lot. What's next? What?...” The girl knew that she was not God knows how gifted. But she's thinking about what difficult life this old man lived. Look at his hands... Wrinkles again! “We have to work, work, work...” - Will you come here tomorrow, grandfather? - she asked the old man. “I’ll come,” he responded. The girl got up and went to the village. The old man sat a little longer and also went. He came home, sat down in his corner, near the stove, and sat quietly - waiting for his son to come home from work and sit down to dinner.
The son always came tired, dissatisfied with everything. The daughter-in-law was also always dissatisfied with something. The grandchildren grew up and moved to the city. It was sad in the house without them. We sat down to dinner. They crumbled bread into the milk for the old man, and he slurped it while sitting on the edge of the table. He clinked his spoon carefully on the plate, trying not to make any noise. They were silent. Then they went to bed. The old man climbed onto the stove, and his son and daughter-in-law went into the upper room. They were silent. What should we talk about? All the words had been said long ago. The next evening the old man and the girl were again sitting on the shore, near a snag. The girl hurriedly drew, and the old man looked at the sun and said: “We always lived happily, it’s a sin to complain.” I worked as a carpenter, there was always enough work. And my sons are all carpenters. They beat a lot of them in the war - four. Two left. Well, that’s the only one I live with now, Stepan.
And Vanka lives in the city, in Biysk. Foreman on a new building. Writes; nothing, they live happily. We came here and visited. I have many grandchildren, they love me. In the cities everything is now... The girl was drawing the old man’s hands, she was in a hurry, nervous, and often washed. - Was it difficult to live? - she asked randomly. - Why is it so difficult? - the old man was surprised. - I’m telling you: we lived well. - Do you feel sorry for your sons? - What about it? - the old man was surprised again. - Putting four of these is no joke? The girl didn’t understand: either she felt sorry for the old man, or she was more surprised by his strange calm and tranquility. And the sun was setting behind the mountains again.
The dawn was burning quietly again. “There will be bad weather tomorrow,” said the old man. The girl looked at the clear sky: - Why? - It breaks me completely. - And the sky is completely clear. The old man remained silent. - Will you come tomorrow, grandfather? “I don’t know,” the old man did not immediately respond. - It breaks something, - Grandfather, what do you call such a stone? - The girl took out a white stone with a golden tint from her jacket pocket. - Which? - asked the old man, continuing to look at the mountains. The girl handed him the stone. The old man, without turning around, extended his palm. - Such? - he asked, glancing briefly at the pebble and turning it over in his dry, crooked fingers. “It’s a flint.” This was during the war, when there were no seryankas, fire was made from it. The girl was struck by a strange guess: it seemed to her that the old man was blind. She didn’t immediately find what to talk about, she was silent, looking sideways at the old man. And he looked to where the sun had set.
He looked calmly and thoughtfully. “On... a pebble,” he said and handed the stone to the girl. - They are not like that yet. It happens: it’s all white, it’s already translucent, and there are some specks inside. And there are: testicle and testicle - you can’t tell the difference. There are some: they look like a magpie's testicle - with specks on the sides, and there are, like starlings', blue ones, also with a rowan like this. The girl kept looking at the old man. I didn’t dare ask if it was true that he was blind. - Where do you live, grandfather? - And it’s not very far from here. This is Ivan Kolokolnikova house, old man showed a house on the shore, then the Bedarevs, then the Volokitins, then the Zinovievs, and then, in a side street, ours. Come in if you need anything. We had grandchildren, and we had a lot of fun. - Thank you. - I'm going. Breaks me.
The old man got up and walked along the path up the mountain. The girl looked after him until he turned into an alley. The old man never stumbled, never hesitated. He walked slowly and looked at his feet. “No, not blind,” the girl realized. “Just weak eyesight.” The next day the old man did not come ashore. The girl sat alone, thinking about the old man. There was something in his life, so simple, so ordinary, something difficult, something big, significant. “The sun - it also just rises and just sets,” the girl thought. “Is it really that simple!” And she looked closely at her drawings. She was sad. The old man did not come on the third day or the fourth. The girl went to look for his house. Found it.
In the fence of a large five-walled house under an iron roof, in the corner, under a canopy, a tall man of about fifty was whittling a pine board on a workbench. “Hello,” said the girl. The man straightened up, looked at the girl, ran his thumb over his sweaty forehead, nodded: “Great.” - Please tell me, grandfather lives here... The man looked at the girl carefully and somehow strangely. She fell silent. “He lived,” said the man. - I’m making homework for him.
The girl opened her mouth: - He died, right? - He died. - The man leaned over the board again, shuffled the plane a couple of times, then looked at the girl. - What did you need? - So... I drew him. - Ahh. - The man sharply shuffled his plane. - Tell me, was he blind? - the girl asked after a long silence. - Blind. - How long ago? - Ten years already. And what? - So... The girl left the fence. On the street, she leaned against the fence and cried. She felt sorry for her grandfather. And it was a pity that she could not tell about him. But now she felt something more deep meaning and secret human life and feat and, without even realizing it, she became much more mature.
“One thing in which he is such a master that hands are taken away from touching this object after him is nature...”
L.N. Tolstoy
Objectives of the lesson: to consolidate and expand the understanding of the concept of landscape in literature, to determine the role of landscape in the story “Bezhin Meadow”, to form in schoolchildren the ability to identify visual and expressive means used to describe nature, to improve students’ speech when creating descriptive texts.
Let's try to answer the questions:
— What is the description of nature called in the science of literature (literary theory)?
— For what purpose do prose writers and poets include landscape in their works?
The landscape conveys the feelings, mood of the characters, the author of the work, their relationship to nature (in relation to man’s relationship to nature
one can judge a lot about him moral qualities). Otherwise, we can say that all of the above determines the role (function) of the landscape in the work.
Analysis of the story text.
Turgenev was unusually sensitive to the life of nature. He wrote that he had “some kind of sweet feeling, my soul aches” when communicating with nature. It was this “sweet” feeling that evoked his landscape sketches.
It is fundamentally important that during the analysis of the story we quote and pronounce the text; it should be heard in the lesson, as it is a model for improving their oral and written speech, and the ability to write descriptive essays.
Sample questions and tasks for analysis.
1. Read the beginning of the story (first paragraph, beginning of the second paragraph: “...On exactly such a day I hunted...”).
— What landscape does the story begin with?
(It was a beautiful July day. From the very morning the sky is clear... In the evening... clouds like smoke lie in pink clouds opposite the setting sun...)
The story begins with a description of nature; readers are presented with a beautiful picture of a July day from sunrise to sunset.)
— Which place in Russia is characterized by such a landscape? “On just such a day I once hunted for black grouse in Chernsky district,
Tula province..."
- Which characteristic features Is there a hunter celebrating July in this area? (“... one of those days that only happens when
when the weather has settled for a long time... On such days the heat can be very strong... The dry and clean air smells of wormwood, compressed rye,
with buckwheat, even at one o’clock in the morning you don’t feel the dampness. The farmer desires similar weather for harvesting grain ... ")
— What colors predominate in the July landscape? (The gentle blush of dawn”, “the sun is bright and welcomingly radiant”, “the edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes; their shine is like the shine of forged silver”, “golden-gray clouds”, “bluish stripes
rain", "the colors are all softened")
— What mood is nature filled with, what mood does the description of a July day evoke in the reader? (“The sun... is peaceful
floats up, shines freshly... playful rays pour out, the sun has set as calmly as it calmly rose into the sky... » Full
The landscape evokes the same mood in the reader of bright joy, peace, tranquility.)
2. Read the description of the coming night (from the words “I went to the right ...” to the words “... little curly head ...”)
How does the landscape change as night falls? What colors predominate? (“... the night was approaching and growing like a thundercloud...
darkness rose from everywhere and even poured from above... Everything around quickly turned black and died down, only the quails screamed occasionally.
A small night bird, silently and low rushing on its soft wings, almost stumbled upon me and fearfully dived to the side... my steps echoed dully in the frozen air... Some animal squeaked weakly and pitifully between the stones... "In the night
the landscape is dominated dark colors. At night, anxiety increases, which is intensified by sounds and human steps heard in the silence.)
—What feelings of the lost narrator are reflected in the description of night nature? (“Where am I?” I repeated out loud again, stopped for the third time and looked questioningly at my English yellow-piebald dog Dianka... I desperately
rushed forward, as if he had suddenly guessed where he should go. A strange feeling immediately took possession of me. This hollow looked like
right cauldron and before it was so mute and dull, the sky hung so flat, so sadly above it that my heart sank..."
The narrator is first overcome by a feeling of anxiety and despair, then comes the determination to find the way, again giving way to increased anxiety.)
3. Read the fragment (from the words “I was mistaken, mistaking the people sitting around for herd workers ...” to the words “... only lights quietly
crackled...").
— How does the narrator feel in the circle of peasant children, what landscape sketch corresponds to his mood?
What colors now predominate in the description of the night? (“The picture was wonderful, near the lights a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness... quick reflections... the darkness fought with the light... The dark clear sky is solemn
and stood immensely high above us with all its mysterious splendor. My chest felt sweetly tight, inhaling that special, languid and fresh smell - the smell of a Russian summer night ... "The feeling of anxiety has passed, the hunter admires the beauty native nature, sincerely speaks about his feelings.)
4. Read the description of the emerging morning (from the words “A fresh stream ran across my face...” And to the end of the story).
— Why does the narrator report the death of Paul after describing the morning nature?
(“I opened my eyes: the morning was beginning... Before I had gone two miles, it was already pouring all around me... first scarlet, then red, gold
streams of young, hot light... Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke... the sounds of a bell came, and
suddenly a rested herd rushed past me, chased by familiar boys...”, Birth of a new day, continued
life soften the tragic news.)
— What figurative and expressive means are characteristic of landscape sketches Turgenev in the story “Bezhin Meadow”?
Name them, give examples. (Children name epithets, comparisons, metaphors, personifications.)
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