OBLOMOV
(Novel. 1859)
Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - main character novel, a young man “about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in his facial features... softness was the dominant and basic expression, not only of the face , but with all my soul; and the soul shone so openly and clearly in the eyes, in the smile, in every movement of the head and hand.” This is how the reader finds the hero at the beginning of the novel, in St. Petersburg, on Gorokhovaya Street, where he lives with his servant Zakhar.
The main idea of the novel is connected with the image of O., about which N. A. Dobrolyubov wrote: “...God knows what an important story. But it reflected Russian life, in it a living, modern Russian type appears before us, minted with merciless severity and correctness, it expressed the new word of our social development, pronounced clearly and firmly, without despair and without childish hopes, but with full consciousness truth. This word is Oblomovism, we see something more than just successful creation strong talent; we find in it... a sign of the times.”
N.A. Dobrolyubov was the first to classify O. among the “ unnecessary people", tracing his ancestry from Onegin, Pechorin, Bel-tov. Each of the named heroes in their own way fully and vividly characterized a certain decade of Russian life. O. is a symbol of the 1850s, “post-Belt” times in Russian life and Russian literature. In O.'s personality, in his tendency to passively observe the vices of the era inherited by him, we clearly distinguish a fundamentally new type, introduced by Goncharov into literary and social use. This type personifies philosophical idleness, conscious alienation from the environment, which is rejected by the soul and mind of a young provincial who finds himself from sleepy Oblomovka in the capital.
“Life: life is good! What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? - O. explains his worldview to his childhood friend Andrei Stolts. - Look where the center is, around which all this revolves: it’s not there, there’s nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the council and society! What drives them in life? After all, they don’t lie down, but scurry about every day like flies, back and forth, but what’s the point?.. Underneath this comprehensiveness lies emptiness, a lack of sympathy for everything!.. No, this is not life, but a distortion of the norm, the ideal of life, which Nature has indicated a goal to man.”
Nature, according to O., indicated a single goal: life, as it had flowed for centuries in Oblomovka, where they were afraid of news, traditions were strictly observed, books and newspapers were not recognized at all. From “Oblomov’s Dream,” called an “overture” by the author and published much earlier than the novel, as well as from individual strokes scattered throughout the text, the reader learns quite fully about the hero’s childhood and youth, spent among people who understood life “no other than an ideal.” peace and inaction, disturbed from time to time by various unpleasant accidents... they endured labor as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, but they could not love, and where there was an opportunity, they always got rid of it, finding it possible and proper.”
Goncharov depicted the tragedy of the Russian character, deprived romantic features and not colored by demonic gloom, but nevertheless finding himself on the sidelines of life - through his own fault and through the fault of society, in which there was no place for the scrap people. Having no predecessors, this type remained unique.
In the image of O. there are also autobiographical features. In the travel diary “Frigate “Pallada””, Goncharov admits that during the trip he most willingly lay in the cabin, not to mention the difficulty with which he decided to sail around the world. In the friendly circle of the Maykovs, who dearly loved the writer, Goncharov had a meaningful nickname - “Prince de Lazy.”
Path O.; - typical path of provincial Russian nobles 1840s, who came to the capital and found themselves out of work. Service in the department with the inevitable expectation of promotion, from year to year the monotony of complaints, requests, establishing relationships with the chief executives - this turned out to be beyond the strength of O., who preferred lying on the sofa to moving up the ladder of “career” and “fortune”, with no hopes and dreams not painted.
The dreaminess that was rushing out in Alexander Aduev, the hero of Goncharov’s “ Ordinary history" At heart O. is also a lyricist, a human being; able to feel deeply - his perception of music, immersion in the captivating sounds of the aria “Casta diva” indicate that not only “dove meekness”, but also passions are accessible to him.
Each meeting with his childhood friend Andrei Stolts, the complete opposite of O., is capable of shaking him up, but not for long: the determination to do something, to somehow arrange his life takes possession of him. short time, while Stolz is next to him. And Stolz lacks neither the time nor the perseverance to “lead” O. from action to action - there are others who, for selfish purposes, are ready not to leave Ilya Ilyich. They ultimately determine the channel along which his life flows.
The meeting with Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily changed O. beyond recognition: under the influence strong feeling incredible transformations occur with him - the greasy robe is abandoned, O. gets out of bed as soon as he wakes up, reads books, looks through newspapers, is energetic and active, and having moved to a dacha near Olga, he goes to meet with her several times a day. “...A fever of life, strength, activity appeared in him, and the shadow disappeared... and sympathy again surged in a strong and clear key. But all these worries have not yet left the magic circle of love; His activity was negative: he does not sleep, reads, sometimes thinks about writing a plan (for the improvement of the estate. - Ed.), walks a lot, travels a lot. The further direction, the very thought of life, the deed, remains in intentions.”
Love, which carries within itself the need for action and self-improvement, is doomed in O.’s case. He needs a different feeling that would connect today's reality with old childhood impressions of life in his native Oblomovka, where they are fenced off from an existence filled with anxieties and worries by any means, where the meaning of life fits into thoughts about food, sleep, receiving guests and experiencing fairy tales as actual events. Any other feeling seems like violence against nature.
Without fully realizing this, O. understands what he cannot strive for precisely because of a certain nature of his nature. In a letter to Olga, written almost on the threshold of the decision to marry, he talks about the fear of future pain, writes bitterly and piercingly: “And what will happen when I become attached... when seeing each other will become not a luxury of life, but a necessity, when love cries out in the heart? How to break away then? Will you survive this pain? It will be bad for me."
Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, the owner of the apartment that his fellow countryman, the rogue Tarantiev, found for O., is the ideal of Oblomovism in the broadest sense of this concept. She is as “natural” as O. One can say about Pshenitsyna in the same words that Stolz says to Olga about O. Stolz: “...Honest, true heart! This is his natural gold; he carried it through life unscathed. He fell from the tremors, cooled down, fell asleep, finally, killed, disappointed, having lost the strength to live, but did not lose honesty and loyalty. His heart did not emit a single false note, no dirt stuck to it... This is a crystal, transparent soul; such people are few and far between; these are pearls in the crowd!
The traits that brought O. closer to Pshenitsyna are indicated here precisely. Ilya Ilyich needs most of all a feeling of care, warmth, not demanding anything in return, and that is why he became attached to his mistress, as to a fulfilled dream of returning to the blessed times of a happy, well-fed and serene childhood. With Agafya Matveevna, as with Olga, there are no thoughts about the need to do anything, to somehow change the life around and in oneself. O. explains his ideal to Stoltz simply, comparing Ilyinskaya with Agafya Matveevna: “...she will sing “Casta diva”, but she doesn’t know how to make vodka like that! And he won’t make a pie like this with chickens and mushrooms!” And therefore, realizing firmly and clearly that he has nowhere else to strive, he asks Stolz: “What do you want to do with me? With the world to which you are drawing me, I have fallen apart forever; you will not save, you will not make up two torn halves. I have grown to this hole with a sore spot: if you try to tear it off, you will die.”
In Pshenitsyna’s house, the reader sees O. more and more perceiving “his real life as a continuation of the same Oblomov existence, only with a different flavor of the area and partly of time. And here, as in Oblomovka, he managed to get rid of life cheaply, bargain with her and insure himself undisturbed peace.”
Five years after this meeting with Stolz, who again pronounced his cruel sentence: “Oblomovism!” - and leaving O. alone, Ilya Ilyich “died, apparently, without pain, without suffering, as if a watch had stopped and had forgotten to wind.” O.'s son, born Agafya Matveevna and named Andrei in honor of his friend, is taken to be raised by the Stoltsy.
(16 )
Characteristics of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov very ambiguous. Goncharov created it complex and mysterious. Oblomov separates himself from the outside world, fences himself off from it. Even his home bears little resemblance to habitation.
WITH early childhood he saw a similar example among his relatives, who also fenced themselves off from the outside world and protected it. It was not customary to work in his home. When he, as a child, played snowballs with peasant children, they then warmed him up for several days. In Oblomovka they were wary of everything new - even a letter that came from a neighbor, in which he asked for a beer recipe, was afraid to open for three days.
But Ilya Ilyich remembers his childhood with joy. He idolizes the nature of Oblomovka, although this is an ordinary village, not particularly remarkable. He was brought up by rural nature. This nature instilled in him poetry and a love of beauty.
Ilya Ilyich does nothing, just complains about something all the time and engages in verbiage. He is lazy, does nothing himself and does not expect anything from others. He accepts life as it is and does not try to change anything in it.
When people come to him and tell him about their lives, he feels that in the bustle of life they forget that they are wasting their lives in vain... And he does not need to fuss, act, does not need to prove anything to anyone. Ilya Ilyich simply lives and enjoys life.
It's hard to imagine him in motion, he looks funny. At rest, lying on the sofa, it is natural. He looks at ease - this is his element, his nature.
Let's summarize what we read:
- Appearance of Ilya Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is a young man, 33 years old, good-looking, of average height, plump. The softness of his facial expression showed him to be a weak-willed and lazy person.
- Marital status. At the beginning of the novel, Oblomov is not married, he lives with his servant Zakhar. At the end of the novel he gets married and is happily married.
- Description of the home. Ilya lives in St. Petersburg in an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street. The apartment is neglected; the servant Zakhar, who is as lazy as the owner, rarely sneaks into it. A special place in the apartment is occupied by a sofa, on which around the clock lies Oblomov.
- Behavior and actions of the hero. Ilya Ilyich can hardly be called an active person. Only his friend Stolz manages to bring Oblomov out of his slumber. The main character is lying on the sofa and only dreams that he will soon get up from it and take care of business. He can't even decide pressing problems. His estate has fallen into disrepair and is not bringing in any money, so Oblomov doesn’t even have money to pay the rent.
- The author's attitude towards the hero. Goncharov has sympathy for Oblomov, he considers him kind, sincere person. At the same time, he sympathizes with him: it is a pity that a young, capable, not stupid man has lost all interest in life.
- My attitude towards Ilya Oblomov. In my opinion, he is too lazy and weak-willed, and therefore cannot command respect. At times he just infuriates me, I want to go up and shake him. I don't like people who live their lives so mediocrely. Perhaps I react so strongly to this hero because I feel the same shortcomings in myself.
Introduction
Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is a landmark work of Russian literature of the 19th century, describing the characteristic Russian society the phenomenon of “Oblomovism”. A prominent representative of this social trend in the book is Ilya Oblomov, who comes from a family of landowners, whose family life was a reflection of the norms and rules of Domostroy. Developing in such an atmosphere, the hero gradually absorbed the values and priorities of his parents, which significantly influenced the formation of his personality. Brief description Oblomov in the novel “Oblomov” is given by the author at the beginning of the work - this is an apathetic, introverted, dreamy man who prefers to live his life in dreams and illusions, imagining and experiencing fictional pictures so vividly that sometimes he can sincerely rejoice or cry from those scenes that are born in his mind. Oblomov’s inner softness and sensuality seemed to be reflected in his appearance: all his movements, even in moments of alarm, were restrained by external softness, grace and delicacy, excessive for a man. The hero was flabby beyond his years, had soft shoulders and small plump hands, and a sedentary and inactive lifestyle was visible in his sleepy gaze, which lacked any concentration or any basic idea.
Life of Oblomov
As if a continuation of the soft, apathetic, lazy Oblomov, the novel describes the hero’s life. At first glance, his room was beautifully decorated: “There was a mahogany bureau, two sofas upholstered in silk, beautiful screens with embroidered birds and fruits unprecedented in nature. There were silk curtains, carpets, several paintings, bronze, porcelain and many beautiful little things.” However, if you looked closely, you could see cobwebs, dusty mirrors and long-opened and forgotten books, stains on the carpets, uncleaned household items, bread crumbs and even a forgotten plate with a gnawed bone. All this made the hero’s room unkempt, abandoned, and gave the impression that no one had been living here for a long time: the owners had long since left the home without having time to clean it up. To some extent, this was true: Oblomov did not live in the real world for a long time, replacing it with an illusory world. This is especially clearly visible in the episode when his acquaintances come to the hero, but Ilya Ilyich does not even bother to extend his hand to them to greet them, much less get out of bed to meet the visitors. Bed in in this case(like the robe) is a borderline between the world of dreams and reality, that is, having gotten out of bed, Oblomov would to some extent agree to live in the real dimension, but the hero did not want this.
The influence of “Oblomovism” on Oblomov’s personality
The origins of Oblomov’s all-encompassing escapism, his irresistible desire to escape from reality, lie in the “Oblomov” upbringing of the hero, which the reader learns about from the description of Ilya Ilyich’s dream. The character’s native estate, Oblomovka, was located far from the central part of Russia, located in a picturesque, peaceful area, where there were never strong storms or hurricanes, and the climate was calm and mild. Life in the village flowed smoothly, and time was measured not in seconds and minutes, but in holidays and rituals - births, weddings or funerals. The monotonous, quiet nature was also reflected in the character of the inhabitants of Oblomovka - the most important value for them was rest, laziness and the opportunity to eat to their fill. Work was seen as a punishment, and people tried in every possible way to avoid it, delay the moment of work, or force someone else to do it.
It is noteworthy that the characterization of the hero Oblomov in childhood differs significantly from the image that appears before readers at the beginning of the novel. Little Ilya was an active child, interested in many things and open to the world, with a wonderful imagination. He liked to walk and explore the surrounding nature, but the rules of “Oblomov’s” life did not imply his freedom, so gradually his parents re-educated him in their own image and likeness, raising him like a “greenhouse plant,” protecting him from the hardships of the outside world, the need to work and learn new things. Even the fact that they sent Ilya to study was more a tribute to fashion than a real necessity, because for any slightest reason they themselves left their son at home. As a result, the hero grew up as if closed from society, unwilling to work and relying in everything on the fact that if any difficulties arose he could shout “Zakhar” and the servant would come and do everything for him.
The reasons for Oblomov’s desire to escape reality
The description of Oblomov, the hero of Goncharov’s novel, gives a vivid idea of Ilya Ilyich as a man who has firmly isolated himself from real world and internally unwilling to change. The reasons for this lie in Oblomov’s childhood. Little Ilya loved to listen to fairy tales and legends about great heroes and heroes that his nanny told him, and then imagine himself as one of these characters - a person in whose life at one moment a miracle would happen that would change the current state of affairs and make the hero a cut above others. However, fairy tales are significantly different from life, where miracles do not happen on their own, and to achieve success in society and career you need to constantly work, overcome failures and persistently move forward.
The hothouse upbringing, where Oblomov was taught that someone else would do all the work for him, combined with the dreamy, sensual nature of the hero, led to Ilya Ilyich’s inability to fight difficulties. This feature of Oblomov manifested itself even at the moment of his first failure in the service - the hero, fearing punishment (although, perhaps, no one would have punished him, and the matter would have been decided by a banal warning), he quits his job and no longer wants to face a world where everyone for myself. An alternative to harsh reality for the hero is the world of his dreams, where he imagines a wonderful future in Oblomovka, his wife and children, a peaceful calm that reminds him of his own childhood. However, all these dreams remain just dreams; in reality, Ilya Ilyich puts off in every possible way the issues of arranging his native village, which, without the participation of a reasonable owner, is gradually being destroyed.
Why didn’t Oblomov find himself in real life?
The only person who could pull Oblomov out of his constant half-asleep idleness was the hero’s childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. He was the complete opposite of Ilya Ilyich in both external description, and by character. Always active, striving forward, able to achieve any goals, Andrei Ivanovich still valued his friendship with Oblomov, since in communicating with him he found that warmth and understanding that he really lacked in those around him.
Stolz was most fully aware of the destructive influence of “Oblomovism” on Ilya Ilyich, therefore, until the last moment, he tried with all his might to pull him into real life. One time Andrei Ivanovich almost succeeded when he introduced Oblomov to Ilyinskaya. But Olga, in her desire to change Ilya Ilyich’s personality, was driven solely by her own egoism, and not by an altruistic desire to help her loved one. At the moment of parting, the girl tells Oblomov that she could not bring him back to life, because he was already dead. On the one hand, this is true, the hero is too deeply mired in “Oblomovism,” and in order to change his attitude towards life, superhuman efforts and patience were required. On the other hand, Ilyinskaya, active and purposeful by nature, did not understand that Ilya Ilyich needed time to transform, and he could not change himself and his life in one jerk. The break with Olga became an even greater failure for Oblomov than a mistake in the service, so he finally plunges into the network of “Oblomovism”, leaves the real world, not wanting to experience any more mental pain.
Conclusion
Author's description of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, despite the fact that the hero is central character, ambiguous. Goncharov reveals both his positive traits (kindness, tenderness, sensuality, ability to worry and sympathize) and negative ones (laziness, apathy, reluctance to decide anything on his own, refusal to self-development), portraying to the reader a multifaceted personality that can evoke sympathy , and disgust. At the same time, Ilya Ilyich is undoubtedly one of the most accurate depictions of a truly Russian person, his nature and character traits. This particular ambiguity and versatility of Oblomov’s image allows even modern readers discover something important for yourself in the novel, setting yourself the same eternal questions, which Goncharov touched upon in the novel.
Work test
The novel "Oblomov", which was written by Ivan Goncharov, became one of the key ones in XIX literature century, and such a concept as “Oblomovism,” magnificently revealed by Goncharov in the novel, reflected the character of society of that time in the best possible way. When we look at the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the main character of the novel, the concept of “Oblomovism” will become even more understandable.
So, Ilya Oblomov was born into a landowner’s family with its way of life and accepted norms. The boy grew up, absorbing environment and the spirit of life of landowners. He began to consider what he learned from his parents to be his priorities, and, of course, his personality was formed precisely in such circumstances.
Brief description of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich
Already at the beginning of the novel, the author introduces us to the image of Oblomov. This is an introvert who experiences apathy towards everything, who indulges in his dreams and lives in illusions. Oblomov can paint a picture so vividly and vividly in his imagination, having invented it, that he himself often cries or rejoices from the bottom of his heart at scenes that actually do not exist.
Oblomov's appearance in the novel "Oblomov" seems to reflect his inner state, his soft and sensual character traits. We can say that his body movements were smooth, graceful and gave off some kind of tenderness unacceptable for a man. Oblomov’s characteristics are clearly expressed: he had soft shoulders and small, plump hands, had long been flabby and led an inactive lifestyle. And Oblomov’s gaze - always sleepy, lacking concentration - testifies to him more clearly than anything else!
Oblomov in everyday life
From considering the image of Oblomov, we move on to a description of his life, which is important to understand when studying the characteristics of the main character. At first, reading the description of his room, one gets the impression that it is beautifully decorated and cozy: there is a nice wooden bureau, and sofas with silk upholstery, and hanging carpets with curtains, and paintings... But now we take a closer look at the decoration of Oblomov’s room and we see cobwebs, dust on the mirrors, dirt on the carpet, and even an uncleaned plate on which lies a gnawed bone. In fact, his home is unkempt, abandoned and unkempt.
Why is this description and its analysis so important for us in Oblomov’s characterization? Because we draw a significant conclusion about the main character: he does not live in reality, he is immersed in a world of illusions, and everyday life worries him little. For example, when meeting acquaintances, Oblomov not only does not greet them with a handshake, but also does not even deign to get out of bed.
Conclusions about the main character
Of course, Ilya Ilyich’s upbringing played an important role in the development of his image, because he was born in the distant Oblomovka estate, which was famous for its peaceful life. Everything there was calm and measured, from the weather to the very way of life of the local residents. These were lazy people, constantly on vacation and dreaming of hearty food from morning to evening. But the image of Oblomov that we see when we begin to read the novel differs greatly from the characterization of Oblomov in childhood.
When Ilya was a child, he was interested in everything, thought and imagined a lot, and lived actively. For example, he loved to look at the world around him with its diversity and go for walks. But Ilya’s parents raised him according to the “greenhouse plant” principle; they tried to protect him from everything, even from labor. How did this boy end up? What was sown, grew. Oblomov, being an adult, did not respect work, did not want to communicate with anyone, and preferred to solve difficulties by calling a servant.
Turning to the childhood of the main character, it becomes clear why Oblomov’s image developed this way and who is to blame for this. Yes, because of this upbringing and the nature of Ilya Ilyich, which in itself was very sensual with a good imagination, he was practically unable to solve problems and strive for something high.
Oblomov Ilya Ilyich is the main character of the novel of the same name by I. A. Goncharov, a nobleman of a pleasant appearance, 32-33 years old, with the absence of a specific goal in life. Oblomov has dark gray eyes and a soft gaze, and his facial features lack any concentration. The main meaning of the novel is connected with the image of Oblomov. It would seem that there is nothing important in this story, but it reflects Russian life and reality mid-19th century. It was after this book that the word “Oblomovism” appeared.
Oblomov is a kind of superfluous person in society, symbolizing the typical path of provincial nobles of that time. After serving for several years in the department, waiting year after year for promotion, he decided that such a worthless routine was not for him, deliberately choosing to do nothing. Now he lies on the couch all day long, not thinking about the future and not setting any goals for himself. He is not only unable to manage his estate, but he cannot even get ready and go to a party. This inaction is a conscious choice of the character. He is quite happy with this kind of life, and he is satisfied that there is no depth that touches the living. From time to time, only his friend Stolz, who is his complete opposite, is able to stir him up.
For a while, Oblomov is changed by his love for Olga. He even begins to read books, get out of bed, look through newspapers and put on neat clothes instead of a greasy robe. However, realizing his inability for active love, he himself initiates a break in the relationship so that Olga does not become disappointed in him. As a result, the hero finds an ideal life only surrounded by
