Griboedov A. school essay on a work on the topic, Woe from Wit, System of characters in A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit. Essay on the topic "Griboyedov. Woe from Wit": the relevance of the work

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The comedy "Woe from Wit" is one of the truly realistic comedies in Russian literature. In the text of the comedy, everything is presented very vividly and psychologically true.

But modern reader"Woe from Wit" hardly perceives the work as a comedy. This is explained by the fact that main character her Shatsky is not a comic character. The reasons for his disagreements with Famus society are too serious, and Shatsky’s monologues, " past life vile traits" drown out the comedic sound of the work. When writing the work, Griboyedov used elements of comedy. These are the presence of a love affair, sarcastically depicting the characters, the comical position of Shatsky in Famusov's house, the dialogues of the characters. "Woe from Wit" is a political comedy because it contains topical public issues that time: oh public service, about serfdom, about education, about upbringing, about slavish imitation of everything foreign. The realism of "Woe from Wit" is also manifested in the principles of depicting the characters. In Griboyedov, all the characters are true to the truth of life, bright, not one-dimensional. The characters in "Woe from Wit" are not caricatures, but exact likenesses of living people.

Griboedov, with bitter irony, reveals in the dialogues and monologues of the characters the plight of the people and the country, where the servility of Molchalin, the careerism and stupidity of Skalozub, the bureaucracy and arrogance of Famusov, the idle talk of RESHETILOV is preferable to the intelligence and prudence of Shatsky. More characterizes the society that opposes Shatsk and Famusova. It’s not for nothing that we call this society “Famusov’s.” Famusova is a typical Moscow gentleman early XIX century with a characteristic mixture of tyranny and patriarchy. In the image of Famusov, the highest bureaucrats are ridiculed, their inactivity in the service, arrogance, and bribery. A striking example of idleness is Famusov’s drawing up of a schedule for the week, where all days are occupied by so-called lunches and dinners. The ideal person for Famusov is one who has made a profitable career; at the same time, it does not matter to him by what means this was achieved. His political ideals boil down to the glorification of everything old, established, he lives well, and he does not want any changes. He is afraid of Shatsky and does not like him, because he sees in him a rebel, a rebel. Famusov is struck by outright immorality; it is especially dangerous because Famusova, as a noble gentleman, has great power over people. The immorality of power cannot but be terrible and dangerous. Famusov, as Griboedov created, is not an abstract evil, but a concrete, living one. You believe in its reality - and that is why it is especially frightening.

This is also true for Skalozub. Colonel Skalozub reflects the grinding, vulgarization of the military man. His rude soldiery, contempt for culture, and ignorance repel the rulers. This is a happy careerist, characterized by the same surname. But his careerism is criminal. It is based on military losses in the army: “Others, you see, have been killed. The author ridicules Skalozub as a stupid and thoughtless officer of the Arakcheev era, an opponent of freedom and education. Pseudo-liberalism is revealed in the image of RESHETILOV. “Young” liberal ideas enable this part of the nobility to “make noise” in the club they cover up their activities with idle talk. The comedy exposes the empty and vulgar fuss, noise and shouting that discredits and slows down the liberal movement. By all the qualities of Molchalin’s character, he also seems to be a nonentity to the reader: he is afraid to utter an extra word. , to please, does not have his own opinion, however, it is these qualities that are the key to his future success in the Famus world.

Famus society is represented in the comedy widely and richly. These are not only many main characters, but also minor, episodic ones. For example, Khlystova is an important Moscow lady, rude, domineering, accustomed to not holding back her words. ZAGORETSKAYA is a necessary companion for all Famusovs and Khlystys. “He’s a liar, a gambler, a thief... / I even locked the doors from him; / Yes, he’s a master at serving...” - Khlystova says about him.

Shatsky is an exposer of all the vices of society. His monologue "Who are the judges?" It sounds like a verdict on the political system and moral principles of Famus society. All he hates is despotism and slavery, stupidity and dishonor, mental and moral deafness. He castigates the meanness of the serf-owners, He cannot remain silent, because it is painful and painful for him to see evil and injustice around him, he hates everything bad, because he loves goodness and truth. Shatsky is also a problem. The problem of an incomprehensible and ridiculed intelligentsia, the problem of trampled patriotism and oppressed culture. This is not even a problem, but a whole aspect of problems that were not seen by an indifferent society and as a result of the Decembrists, which resulted in an uprising in 1825.

Shatsky is a prototype of the Decembrists, the old era. The comedy "Woe from Wit" made a great impression on his contemporaries and had an equally strong influence later - right up to our time. She was admired by N.V. Gogol and F.M. Dostoevsky, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and many other Russian writers and readers. The comedy has not lost its relevance today. The image of Shatsky will live as long as one era is replaced by others, and he will always “begin a new century.”

If he lived today, he would be called a child prodigy. At the age of seven, the boy was sent to the Moscow University boarding school, and at the age of eleven he became a student in the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University. But Alexander Sergeevich did not rest on this; after graduating from the Faculty of Philosophy, he entered the Faculty of Law of the University and received a PhD in Law.

Home education allowed the boy to learn English, French, German and Italian, and during his studies he mastered Arabic, Persian and Turkish. In addition, he was musically gifted, played the piano and flute, and composed music.

Ministry of Alexander Griboyedov

During Patriotic War With Napoleon, Griboedov voluntarily enlisted at the front as a cornet (junior officer) in a hussar regiment. And subsequently he resigned and entered the College of Foreign Affairs, where A.S. Pushkin also served at that time.

It is not surprising that he is appointed to serve in the Caucasus and conduct diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia.

As a result, he becomes a victim of a conspiracy of Persian fanatics. His death is, in a sense, a symbol of how limitations and darkness kill everything living and talented. As a cultured and gifted person, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov could have left an indelible legacy for the country and the future generation, but he did not have time. Only his two waltzes and the famous comedy play in verse “Woe from Wit” remain with us.

Essay on “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov

His immortal comedy “Woe from Wit” is shown in high schools high school. The content is known to everyone, but every time you read it, you can discover something new for yourself, especially in the image of Chatsky. The author shows how the morals, minds, and views of people of different social classes and generations collide with each other.

There Famusov, a representative of aristocratic Moscow society, lives by the principle: the richer, the better. He does not value the moral qualities of a person; he does not consider his servants and serfs to be people at all, much less equal to himself. He fawns over the powers that be and knows how to get close to them with flattery. For his only daughter, he wants a groom like himself, since not only money is important to him, but also his position in society.

Famus Society

At school, when assigning an essay on “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov, the content of the play is often divided into several topics. There is such a topic as “Famus Society”, the name of which has already become a household name.

And now people united by similar ideas are called “Famus society.” The life attitudes of this society are deprived of freedom; for them it is important to destroy free-thinking, obediently obey the authorities and be financially secure. Only in money do they see the meaning of life and respect and appreciate the powers that be. They do not see anything reprehensible in their narrow-mindedness; on the contrary, they notice only shortcomings in education, negative aspects and they seriously believe that it interferes with human society.

Hero of his time

In addition to the “Famus society,” teachers give the task to write an essay on the comedy “Woe from Wit,” where the main character, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, opposes this society. Indeed, the comedy begins with the arrival of their friend Alexander Chatsky to the Famusovs. He is a brilliant man with enormous knowledge and broad views. A young man (he has been absent for three years) comes to this house with only one purpose - to see Sophia, Famusov’s daughter, with whom he was in love before leaving, and whom he still loves. However, Sophia greets him somewhat coldly. At first Chatsky doesn’t understand what’s going on, but when he finds out the real reason, remains perplexed.

Sofya Famusova in Griboyedov's comedy

Essay on the topic “Sophia. “Woe from Wit” girls like to write. But not all of them fully understand how the educated, witty Sofya Famusova (it’s not for nothing that the main character fell in love with her) chose the narrow-minded Molchalin over Chatsky. Sophia in comedy is one of the most complex characters. On the one hand, she is closest in spirit to Chatsky, on the other, she is the reason for his escape from “Famus society.”

Sophia is educated, smart, loves to spend time reading books (especially French), and is not afraid to express her opinion. In this quality she is similar to Chatsky, but, as they say, love is evil...

Essay “Woe from Wit. Images of the main characters of the comedy"

Sophia falls in love with the quiet Molchalin, thinking that he is smart and modest, similar to the heroes of novels, but due to inexperience, she takes his duplicity at face value, for real feelings. After all, it is beneficial for Molchalin to marry her; everything is thought out and planned for him. Molchalin’s motto is “moderation and accuracy.” The fact that Sophia preferred Molchalin to Chatsky becomes clear later, after a careful reading of the immortal comedy. Sophia grew up in a society that could not help but leave its mark on her. Matriarchy dominated in her circle, women were the head of the family, so on an unconscious level she chose who she could push around (especially since he was poor).

It is most difficult to write an essay on “Woe from Wit” from Sophia’s perspective, since her image is the most tragic in the play. For quite a long time, the young girl has to defend her love, her feelings from the attacks of Chatsky, who jokes about Molchalin. It is she who spreads the rumor about Chatsky’s madness and then bitterly repents of what she has done. Only chance helps her expose Molchalin and see his base nature. However, she would also be unhappy with Chatsky, her strong character she needs a husband who would please and obey her in everything.

Essay on the topic “Woe from Wit. Chatsky" is a favorite theme of schoolchildren. If you look up to anyone in comedy, it would be this smart, educated and witty person. At first, Griboyedov wanted to give his hero the surname Chadsky from the word “chad,” showing that he was in the clouds of his own ideals and upheavals.

Chatsky's character

If you look closely at the character of the hero, you can find in him such qualities as hot temper and even some tactlessness (Sofya Famusova points this out to him). Hotness young man can be attributed to youth and inexperience, and besides, he is in love, and, as he then realizes, hopelessly in love. When considering how to write an essay on “Woe from Wit” (Griboyedov’s comedy), some schoolchildren justify Chatsky’s harsh tone by the fact that he sees the immorality of the society in which he has to live. He is not at all amused or delighted by Uncle Famusov, who fell on purpose at a reception with the Empress. On the contrary, it disgusts him, the statement “I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening” becomes his credo. Among the nobles, he does not see anyone from whom he could take an example; he notices that Moscow nobles attend balls for only one purpose: to make useful acquaintances.

School essay topics

All high school students have to write an essay on the comedy “Woe from Wit”; often excerpts from the comedy are included in exam papers or I invite the children to describe the image of one or another hero of Griboedov’s work. Therefore, it is important to understand the play, to know by heart excerpts from the monologues of Chatsky and Famusov.

It is not without reason that modern schoolchildren are asked to carefully study the play “Woe from Wit.” The essay topics of this immortal comedy for exams include approximately the following content:

• “The present century and the past century.”
• "Chatsky and Famusov society- conflict of generations."
• "Famusovskaya Moscow".
• "The Author and His Hero".
• "Hero and Epoch".
• "Chatsky and Sophia."
• "The meaning of the name of the comedy."
• "Artistic innovation of A. S. Griboedov."

The very name of the comedy “Woe from Wit” is prophetic. For many people, intelligence is synonymous with happiness, but not all carriers of intelligence became happy, rather, on the contrary. They had to face ignorance and narrow-mindedness, and the most advanced among them were often declared crazy.

Comedy A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" was written in 1822-1824. But until now this work has not left the stages of all theaters in Russia, popular expressions from it are in everyday life of the Russian people, and the heroes of this work have in many ways become household names. What is the reason for such popularity and “youth” of this comedy?

I think the main reason is that “Woe from Wit” examines one of the “eternal themes” of literature that has worried humanity for many centuries. This is the problem of “fathers and sons,” the relationship between new and old, progressive and conservative. In addition, the values ​​that the main character of the comedy, Chatsky, preaches are also eternal. They are relevant at all times, for all peoples, for all countries.

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is filled with sublime ideas. He protests against the old order, which existed then not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia. Chatsky fights for “new” laws: freedom, intelligence, culture, patriotism.

Arriving at Famusov's house, Chatsky dreams of the daughter of this rich master - Sophia. He is in love with a girl and hopes that Sophia loves him. But in the house of his father’s old friend, only disappointments and blows await the hero. Firstly, it turns out that Famusov’s daughter loves someone else. Secondly, that the entire Moscow environment is people who are strangers to the hero. He just can’t agree with their views on life.

One of the most significant scenes in the comedy is Chatsky’s conversation with Famusov. To the old man's teachings about how to live, the hero responds famous phrase: “I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.” For Famusov and his friends, the most important thing in life is rank, official position. They absolutely do not care why a person receives a position: for real deeds, useful actions for society, or for deceitful sucking up and servility. Famusov leads shining example how to “serve”, in the person of the universal Moscow Maxim Petrovich:

When you need to help yourself,

And he bent over:

On the kurtag he happened to step on his feet;

He fell so hard that he almost hit the back of his head;

He was granted the highest smile.

To Chatsky, such humiliation and servility seems impossible, incomprehensible to the mind. He is sure that everything has changed in his time:

No, the world is not like that these days.

Everyone breathes more freely

And he’s in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.

The hero says all this in such fervor that he does not notice how Famusov has not listened to him for a long time. He simply covered his ears. This best illustrates the position of the Chatskys in their contemporary society. The arguments of these people are simply not listened to, since they cannot object to anything.

Chatsky believes that education is necessary for every person. The hero himself spent a long time abroad and received a good education. The old society, led by Famusov, believes that learning is the cause of all troubles. Education can even make a person go crazy. That is why Famus society so easily believes the rumor about the hero’s madness at the end of the comedy.

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a patriot of Russia. At a ball in Famusov’s house, he saw how all the guests groveled before the “Frenchman from Bordeaux” simply because he was a foreigner. This caused a wave of indignation in the hero. He fights for everything Russian in the Russian country. Chatsky dreams that people would be proud of their homeland and speak Russian.

In addition, the hero is an ardent supporter of the abolition of serfdom. He cannot understand how in his country some people can own others. Alexander Andreevich does not accept slavery with all his soul.

In a word, Chatsky wants to change life, to live better, more honestly, more justly. His struggle is difficult and persistent, but the victory of the new is inevitable. Chatsky’s words will spread, be repeated everywhere and create their own storm. They are already of great importance among the “new”, progressive people.

Chatsky’s authority was known before; he already has like-minded people. Skalozub complains that his brother left the service without receiving his rank and began reading books. One of the Moscow old women complains that her nephew, Prince Fedor, is studying chemistry and botany.

Chatsky began a split. Let him be disappointed in his personal expectations and not find the “charm of meetings.” After all, in essence, Sophia betrayed him by spreading a rumor about the hero’s madness. At the end of the play, Chatsky learns about Sophia’s affair with Molchalin. Chatsky is defeated, wounded to the very heart. His rival is the insignificant Molchalin?! Not finding understanding and receiving a double blow - the collapse of personal and public hopes - the hero flees Moscow. But he managed to “sprinkle living water on the dried soil himself.”

Thus, Griboyedov’s comedy proclaims progressive and humanistic ideas and thoughts. She solves the issue of “fathers and sons”, which has become obsolete and is replacing it. In addition, in “Woe from Wit” a love conflict is developed.

This work also has undoubted artistic merits. The language of the comedy is bright, apt and figurative, phrases from which have been widely distributed catchphrases. Therefore, we, without a doubt, can say that “Woe from Wit,” its heroes, and the author himself will never grow old, but will be forever relevant and in demand.

Is Molchalin pitiful or terrible? (based on A.S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”)
The comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Gribredov made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature. The writer showed in it a true picture of Russian life after the Patriotic War of 1812. The play poses the most burning questions of that time: the situation of the Russian people, serfdom, the relationship between landowners and peasants, autocratic power and the insane wastefulness of the nobles. “Woe from Wit” reflects the struggle between two irreconcilable ideological positions: progressive and reactionary. The representative of the latter is Molchalin.
Molchalin and Chatsky. Two opposites in Griboedov's comedy. Next to the ardent Chatsky, a passionate fighter and a furious accuser, the wordless Molchalin is completely unnoticed. Therefore, probably, not much attention has been paid to it. But behind the expressionless appearance and gray thinking lies a whole philosophy of life, very tenacious and persistent.
Let's think about what Molchalin is? Is he worthy of sympathy or condemnation?

We are first introduced to him through the characteristics given to him by other characters in the play. Famusov was pleased with him, entrusting his timid but faithful assistant with the performance of his simple duties. Loving Sophia notes that he
Compliant, modest, quiet,
Not a shadow of worry in his face
And there are no actions in my soul.
And Molchalin himself says that moderation and accuracy are his main talents. And only once will Sophia burst out with regret:
Of course, he doesn’t have this mind... -
Possibly referring to Chatsky's brilliant and sharp mind. But how wrong the heroine was! The inconspicuous Molchalin is smart, very smart, but prefers to hide it for the time being. After all, it is much more profitable to wear a mask, presenting yourself as others want to see him: tenderly submissive with Sophia, obsequiously devoted with Famusov, falsely humble with Chatsky, familiar with Lizonka. It seems that only with the maid he is completely sincere, revealing his position in life:
My father bequeathed to me:
Firstly, to please all people without exception;
The owner, where he will live,
The boss with whom I will serve,
To his servant, who cleans the dress,
To the doorman, the janitor, to avoid harm,
To the janitor's dog, so that it is affectionate.
Why pride and self-esteem for people like Molchalin? Subservience is the main thing in his philosophy. But all his behavior indicates that he is deeper than the description he gave to himself.
He is resourceful and careful: he tries to hide his relationship with his master’s daughter from strangers, and having unexpectedly met Famusov at an inopportune time near Sophia’s room, he does not get lost and instantly comes up with a plausible explanation. A conversation with Chatsky shows that Molchalin does not value an intelligent guest. Having humbly begun the conversation, Molchalin soon goes on the offensive: he asks questions, condemns, and advises.
Love uses Molchalin as a means for his career; he is not only not in love, he is not even passionate about Sophia. He says frankly and shamelessly:
Let's go share love with our deplorable theft...
And later Lizin answers the question about a possible wedding:
There is a lot of hope ahead,
We'll waste time without a wedding.
All his intelligence, cunning and resourcefulness are designed to serve one goal: to get a good, gentle, sweet place in life. And only the disaster that occurred at the end of the play prevents the implementation of his plans. After the scene in the hallway, Molchalin cannot remain the same: the mask is pulled off, and everyone sees his true face. But the old Molchalin was too convenient for everyone, even for Sophia. And Chatsky correctly notes:
You will make peace with him, after sober reflection.
So, Molchalin’s defeat is, in all likelihood, temporary. He will be forgiven. And achieving your life goal will become even more tempting.
Molchalin is Chatsky’s opponent. But how correctly Griboedov was able to foresee in these images the two paths that people would take after the end of the war with the French: the Chatskys will always choose struggle and open battle, the Molchalins - humility and peace.
There was no one to feel sorry for: not the pitiful, but the cunning, smart and terrible Molchalin in front of us. So literary hero was the first to pave the way along which a huge mass of actually existing opportunists moved, completely devoid of interest in public life, unprincipled and indifferent. Nothing interests them except their own little well-being. And, looking around, you can see a lot of modern silent people.

The famous Russian writer Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov said wonderful words about the work “Woe from Wit” - “Without Chatsky there would be no comedy, there would be a picture of morals.” And it seems to me that the writer is right about this. It is the image of the main character of Griboedov’s comedy, Alexander Sergeevich “Woe from Wit,” that determines the conflict of the entire narrative. People like Chatsky always turned out to be misunderstood by society; they brought progressive ideas and views to society, but conservative society did not understand them.

Repeatedly different literary critics noted that the words of the protagonist of Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” repeatedly contained motifs that were close to the Decembrists. These are the motives of love of freedom, the spirit of freedom, which in a few years all participants in the December uprising will feel. The main theme of the work is the freedom of man, the individual from all kinds of prejudices of society. Chatsky and people like him dream of the development of society, science, they strive for high and sincere love. These progressive-minded youth want justice to prevail in the world, all people to be equal and free.

First of all, Chatsky wants to work for the good of the Motherland, to serve great causes, and not just any people. He is outraged by the fact that many compatriots worship foreigners, their culture, etc. But he is the only one. At least in Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” Chatsky has no friends who share his views. On the contrary, around him there are only careerists, deceitful, envious people who, for the sake of their careers, please their superiors. These people are opposed to everything good, even education is considered unnecessary; in their opinion, books must be collected and burned.

It is this conflict - one sane man Chatsky - against everything conservative society, becomes the central conflict in Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.” Naturally, one person, even if he is right a million times, can do nothing against the whole society. So is Chatsky, he is losing the conflict. Against the background of these selfish, evil and stupid people, he looks like a ray of light, but society does not accept him and pushes him away. And a few years later, Herzen would say wonderful words, calling Chatsky a Decembrist. That's how it is. And just as the Decembrists lost, the main character of the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov loses.