The main characters, “The Three Musketeers”: characteristics of the characters. The main characters, “The Three Musketeers”: characteristics of the characters Real historical figures

In one of the main series of adventure literature, the main characters do not have personal names - only surnames or pseudonyms. There are probably several reasons. On the one hand, the background is historical, and it is difficult to fit fictional characters into it. On the other hand, the reader always likes a literary game.

But the lack of names led to unexpected problems. It hindered the development of the author's world outside of books. Let me explain with an example.

In your opinion, how did Constance address d’Artagnan? And his dad, at the beginning of the first novel? Our native television series answers these questions with “d’Artagnan” and “my son,” but this is not a solution! They addressed themselves by the name given to the Gascon in childhood.

Dumas himself sensed this problem. Without calling the Comte de la Fer by name in any of the novels, he assigns him a personal name in the play “based on it.”

It is interesting that in the novels themselves, of the four musketeers, only one is named. In my opinion, in “20 Years Later,” Aramis is addressed by his beloved young lady, and she naturally does not call him by the nickname “Aramis.”

Porthos' name remains unknown. This means that the Dumavedians still have mysteries to solve. I'm sure Dumas knew Porthos's name!

Finally, with the name d'Artagnan, everything is simple: it was present in the manuscript in the very first chapters of The Three Musketeers, but Dumas removed it from there at the request of the magazine publisher (The Musketeers were published in parts in magazine publications)! Why did the publisher not like the name " Nathaniel"? I have my own version.

The fact is that the same name was given to another popular adventure character who appeared on the pages of books 20 years earlier than d'Artagnan. This is Pathfinder, aka St. John's Wort, aka Leather Stocking, aka Hawkeye - Nathaniel Bumppo, pioneer of Cooper's prairies Thus, Leatherstocking had precedence in the name "Nathaniel".

In general, our musketeers, as of 20 years later, were actually called:
captain Nathaniel d'Artagnan
graph Olivier de la Fer
baron ??? du Vallon de Brassier de Pierrefonds
bishop Rene d'Herblay

They may point out to me that in their 16th century personal names did not mean what they mean now, and they could have had a dozen of these names (all the same, there was one main one for everyday use), and in general - what difference does it make what the musketeers were called?

I repeat: the reader loves literary games, loves riddles. Remember this when you decide to call the hero Jack or Valera in your work.

(From the comments I found out that clarification is needed. It's about about names literary characters , and not about the names of real historical figures who allegedly served as prototypes for the musketeers. From my point of view, only d'Artagnan had the prototype.)

character from the novel "The Three Musketeers"

Count De la Fère

The Musketeer who suffered the most from Milady Winter

The famous role of Smekhov

Former husband of Lady Winter from A. Dumas' novel "The Three Musketeers"

Model "Hyundai"

Only with this one of his friends did D'Artagnan cross swords

A character from G. A. Portnov’s operetta “Friends in Binding”

Stepfather of the Viscount de Bragelonne

Count among the Musketeers

His servant was Grimaud

The most mysterious of the musketeers

Comte de la Fère as a musketeer

Laughter like a musketeer

D'Artagnan's friend

One of the "Three Musketeers" by A. Dumas

Character in the novel French writer A. Dumas “The Three Musketeers”

Iron Count

Elder of the Musketeers

Musketeer, my lady's husband

Count de la Fère

Milady's first husband

Musketeer of count blood

Musketeer

Phlegmatic Musketeer

One of the Musketeers

The Gloomy Musketeer

Musketeer, Raoul's father

Milady Winter's husband

Noble Musketeer

Comte de La Fère (lit.)

Musketeer with servant Grimaud

Porthos, Aramis

Musketeer injured by Milady

Friend of Porthos and Aramis

The most mysterious musketeer

Musketeer with the face of Smekhov

Musketeer Smekhova

Count with a sword

Countmusketeer

Milady's ex-husband

Guards role of Smekhov

One of the Three Musketeers

One of de Treville's favorites

Count in a musketeer's cloak

There is a black pond in his park

Father of the Viscount de Bragelonne

Musketeer Veniamin Smekhova

One of D'Artagnan's Three Friends

Titled musketeer

Musketeer with title

Titled friend of d'Artagnan

Lady Winter's husband

Count of the Musketeers

Porthos' friend

The Gloomy Musketeer

Milady loved and then killed

Titled friend of Porthos

Count, friend of Porthos

Musketeer from the novel by Dumas

One of the Three Musketeers

Olivier de la Fer

Musketeer in rhyme to Porthos

Aramis' sidekick

Sidekick of Aramis and Porthos

The sad musketeer

Musketeer role of Smekhov

Character from A. Dumas' novel "The Three Musketeers"

The hero of the works of A. Dumas

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Plot
• 2 History of creation
  • 2.1 Literary sources
  • 2.2 Prototypes of the main characters
• 3 Interesting facts
• 4 Characters
  • 4.1 Main characters
    • 4.1.1 Real historical figures
    • 4.1.2 Fictional characters
• 5 Film adaptations
Notes

Introduction

"The Three Musketeers"(fr. Les trois mousquetaires) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas the Father, written in 1844. The book is dedicated to adventure young man named d'Artagnan, who left home to become a musketeer, and his three musketeer friends Athos, Porthos and Aramis.

D'Artagnan's story continues in the other two novels of the trilogy: "Twenty Years After" and "The Vicomte de Bragelonne, or Ten Years After."

1. Plot

The story told by Dumas focuses on the adventures of d'Artagnan and his friends between 1625 and 1628.

The young, poor Gascon nobleman d'Artagnan left home and went to Paris, hoping for a place in the musketeer regiment. On the way, in Menge, he got into a fight with Count Rochefort, a close associate of Cardinal Richelieu, and he stole his letter of recommendation. According to the existing rules, the captain of the royal musketeers, de Treville, could not give d’Artagnan a place in his regiment until he had demonstrated his valor or had served in another branch of the army for two years, and sent him to the Desessart guards regiment.

By an absurd accident, on the same day, d’Artagnan offended three experienced musketeers at once - Athos, Porthos and Aramis - and received challenges from all three to a duel. But the duel was interrupted by the appearance of the cardinal's guards, who wanted to arrest the four for violating the decree banning duels. D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers defeated a superior enemy and became friends. Cardinal Richelieu complained to the king about the antics of the musketeers, who scolded de Treville, but was secretly proud that such people served him.

D'Artagnan hired a servant named Planchet and stayed with the grocer Bonacieux and his wife Constance, with whom he soon fell in love. Constance served in the palace in the service of Queen Anne of Austria. The Queen gave the English minister Lord Buckingham, who was hopelessly in love with her, a dozen of her diamond pendants, two of which were stolen by my lady. The cardinal decided to compromise the queen: he persuaded the king to throw a ball and invite Anna to appear at it wearing pendants. At Constance's request, d'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers went to London to save the queen's honor. On the way, three musketeers were disabled by traps set by the cardinal, and d’Artagnan, having fought on the way to England with the cardinal’s envoy, Comte de Wardes, reached Buckingham and received pendants from him. The queen appeared at the ball wearing pendants, the cardinal was put to shame.

One day, noticing an unrestrained conversation between a lovely girl and an Englishman, D'Artagnan challenges the latter to a duel. In the duel, the musketeers defeated the English, Lord Winter, whose life d'Artagnan spared, introduced him to a girl who turned out to be the wife of the lord's late older brother - Lady Clarik D'Artagnan was inflamed with passion for her, but from her maid he learned that milady loves Count de Ward. By replacing the letters, d'Artagnan makes Milady hate de Ward, who allegedly rejected her. She decides to end de Ward's life with the help of d'Artagnan. night with him. The shocked d'Artagnan notices a brand on her shoulder and remembers the story about Athos' wife.

The king began a siege of the rebellious fortress of La Rochelle, a stronghold of the Huguenots. The Three Musketeers and D'Artagnan, who has now also become a musketeer, show miracles of daring and heroism in the war. The Cardinal conceived the murder of Buckingham and for this purpose sent his agent, Milady, to London. In this femme fatale, Athos recognized his ex-wife, Countess de La Fère, now a famous seductress and poisoner. The musketeers warned Lord Winter of the danger, so Milady was arrested as soon as she set foot on English soil. But then Milady managed to deceive Captain Felton, a pupil and subordinate of Lord Winter, so that he released her and stabbed Buckingham.

Milady returned to France and hid in the Carmelite monastery. As it turned out, d’Artagnan’s beloved, Constance, was hiding in the same monastery. Milady gained her confidence and tried to kidnap her. When four musketeers approached the monastery, Milady had to poison her, cherishing even greater revenge in her soul. The girl died in d'Artagnan's arms. The musketeers decided to put an end to the villainess. They tracked her down, captured her, and sentenced her to death themselves. The executioner of Lille, whose brother’s life was also destroyed by my lady, carried out the sentence.

The musketeers expected severe punishment for their actions. But Richelieu, who secretly feared his companion, appreciated d’Artagnan’s potential and, as a sign of reconciliation, gave him a patent for the rank of lieutenant of musketeers. Immediately after the end of the campaign, Porthos married a rich widow, and Aramis became an abbot. Athos served under d'Artagnan for another ten years and retired, receiving an inheritance.

2. History of creation

"The Three Musketeers" was originally published in chapters in the magazine Le Siècle from March to July 1844. This is a traditional novel with a continuation, a feuilleton novel: the chapter ends at the most interesting point so that the reader looks forward to the continuation.

Since Dumas was paid line by line in the newspaper, he invented Grimaud - Athos's servant, who spoke exclusively in monosyllables. Thus, a line containing one word “yes” or “no” was paid in the same way as one full of thoughts. By the time Twenty Years Later was written, the publishers had decided to pay Dumas by the word, and Grimaud immediately became a little more talkative.

Initially, d’Artagnan’s name was in the manuscript - Nathaniel. The publishers didn’t like it and it was crossed out.

Dumas, who constantly used the work of literary blacks, worked on The Three Musketeers together with Auguste Macquet (1813-1886). The same author helped him when creating “The Count of Monte Cristo”, “Black Tulip”, “The Queen’s Necklace”. Macke later sued and demanded that the 18 novels he co-wrote with Dumas be recognized as his own works. But the court recognized that his work was nothing more than preparatory.

2.1. Literary sources

NBRB coin

In the preface to the book, Dumas wrote that the basis of the novel was certain memoirs found in the French national library. It later turned out that this source of inspiration was “Memoirs of Monsieur d’Artagnan, Lieutenant-Commander of the First Company of the Royal Musketeers” ( Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan, capitaine lieutenant de la première compagnie des Mousquetaires du Roi). True, the book was not written by d’Artagnan, but by a writer named Gacien de Courtille de Sandra ( Courtilz de Sandraz), who published it in Cologne (1700) 27 years after the death of the musketeer. Dumas took this book from the Marseille Municipal Library... and forgot to return it, as evidenced by numerous letters of complaints addressed to the library and left unanswered.

History with pendants: La Rochefoucauld's "Memoirs" (1662, complete edition 1817) mentions how Countess Lucy Carlyle (daughter of Earl Henry of Northumberland) cut off the Duke of Buckingham's diamond pendants at a ball. Roederer's "Political and Gallant Intrigues of the French Court" was also used. Kidnapping of Constance taken from the Memoirs of Monsieur de La Porte, valet to Anne of Austria.

The “Memoirs,” which Dumas says in the preface, as if he simply published them in the form of a book, were, according to him, written by the Comte de la Fere. That is, if we speak in the language of literary scholars, it is Athos who is the narrator in The Three Musketeers.

2.2. Prototypes of the main characters

The image of d'Artagnan was created by Dumas based on a real person:

• Charles de Batz-Castelmore, Count d'Artagnan(fr. Charles de Batz de Castelmore, comte d"Artagnan, 1613-1673) - Gascon and musketeer, who also died during the siege of Maastricht, like the book hero. But he did not live in the era of Richelieu, but under Mazarin (in 1626 he was not 18 years old, but only 13), was not a marshal and bore the title of count, while the character is less noble, although he became a marshal. The real d'Artagnan became a musketeer in 1644, was Mazarin's confidant during the Fronde, participated in the arrest of Fouquet, and died at the Battle of Maastricht in 1673.

Aramis (illustration)

The pseudonyms of the three musketeers were formed by Dumas from the names of real-life personalities:

• Armand de Silleg d'Atoz d'Hautviel(fr. Armand de Sillègue d "Athos d" Autevielle, 1615-1643) - died from a wound received in a duel, even before Count d’Artagnan was enlisted as a musketeer.
• Isaac de Porto(fr. Isaac de Portau, 1617-1712)- became a musketeer in 1643
• Henri d'Aramitz(fr. Henri d'Aramitz, 1615-?)- nobleman, secular abbot in the seneschalship of Oloron, enlisted in 1640 in the musketeer company commanded by his uncle. At the end of his life he retired to his own estates with his wife and four children.
• Milady - the Countess is considered her prototype Lucy Carlisle, Buckingham's jilted lover, who became Richelieu's agent out of jealousy.
• Rochefort - the image of a man who appeared in “Memoirs of d’Artagnan” under the name was used Rone, or Rosnai, as well as the book “ Memoires de MLCDR» ( Monsieur le comte de Rochefort), memoirs of Henri Louis de Aloyny, Marquise de Rochefort(a mistake in the name: his name was Charles-Cesar (Charles-Cesar de Rochefort de Saint-Pointe, 1615-1687), and he became a count only after the death of his father in 1663), also probably fake, written by him de Courtille, who specialized in such literature at the end of the 17th century.

3. Interesting facts

Duke of Richelieu at the siege of La Rochelle

• The narrative of the novel begins in April 1625, the siege of La Rochelle took place in 1627. During this period, the real d'Artagnan was less than 12 years old, and Porthos was 10. To introduce these events into the narrative, Dumas “aged” his characters.

4. Characters

4.1. Main characters

Portrait of the Duke of Buckingham (Rubens)

• D'Artagnan(Mr. D'Artagnan son)
• Athos(Count de La Fère)
• Porthos(Baron du Vallon)
• Aramis(Chevalier d'Herblay)

4.1.1. Real historical figures

• Cardinal Richelieu
• King Louis the Just
• Queen Anne of Austria
• Duke of Buckingham
• De Treville
• La Porte
• Duchess de Chevreuse
• John Felton
• King Charles I

4.1.2. Fictional characters

• Milady. She is Anna de Bayle, she is Lady Clarik, she is Baroness Sheffield, she is Charlotte Buckson, she is Countess de La Fère, she is Countess Winter. The cardinal's spy.
• Count Rochefort. Devoted advisor to the cardinal. (Note see below)
• Constance Bonacieux. The wife of the haberdasher Bonacieux and the mistress of d'Artagnan. Milady was poisoned in the Carmelite monastery. (In the book, the name "Constance" is rarely mentioned; her name became more often mentioned in film adaptations (in particular, in the Soviet one of 1978)).
• Planchet. Servant of D'Artagnan.
• Grimaud. Servant of Athos.
• Bazin. Servant of Aramis.
• Blunderbuss. Porthos' lackey.
• Katie. The girl seduced by d'Artagnan. Milady's maid.

5. Screen adaptations

Many films have been made based on the book. Cinema connoisseurs [ Who?] there are several film adaptations of “The Three Musketeers”:

• Franco-Italian director Bernard Borderie (1961)
• a series of Anglo-American films directed by Richard Lester (1973-1974), starring Michael York as d'Artagnan.
• Soviet musical television series (1979) with Mikhail Boyarsky.

You discover that its main protagonists are the Three Musketeers, of course, but not only that. It is impossible to miss Cardinal Richelieu and not consider Lady Winter as a heroine. Many films have been made based on this novel. Here's the poster for the latter. It shows the main characters - the three musketeers (the photograph shows them with their constant opponents).

Three friends in the service of the king

Athos, Aramis and Porthos do not appear on the first pages of the novel. They are introduced to us by D'Artagnan, who arrived in Paris to seek service with Monsieur de Treville. They immediately show their main traits: Athos - nobility, Aramis - cunning and a penchant for intrigue, Porthos - innocence and vanity. These are the main characters - the three musketeers and their characters, which will remain unchanged in the pages of the novel.

Young D'Artagnan

The young man’s hot temper makes him take his sword out of its sheath every time. On the very first pages, he wants to enter into battle with an aristocrat unknown to him: he did not like the protagonist’s old horse.

Once in Paris, D'Artagnan clumsily pushed Athos and received an invitation to a duel. Immediately he makes a new mistake: he shows everyone an elegant lady's handkerchief with initials, which belongs to Aramis. A duel with an ignoramus is inevitable. On the stairs he became entangled in Monsieur Porthos's cloak, and everyone saw that the shiny baldric, which all the musketeers admired, was actually made of rough leather on the inside. Porthos cannot tolerate such an insult and challenges the provincial to a duel. This is how D'Artagnan and the main characters - the three musketeers - met. The duel actually did not have time to begin and developed into a fight with D'Artagnan showing considerable dexterity and helping each musketeer, thereby earning their trust and friendship.

D'Artagnan and his three friends

Now the young man spent all his time with his new friends, whom he did not have time to admire.

D'Artagnan, thanks to Madame Bonacieux, gets the opportunity to provide a service to the queen. Smart, fearless and cunning, he managed to get to England when the friends accompanying him were forced to linger in France. D'Artagnan returned to the Louvre at the last moment, and the queen was saved. After this case, he received a mortal enemy - Lady Winter. She will take revenge on him mercilessly, but will not be able to achieve her goal: to destroy D'Artagnan. Our hero, together with his friends, will safely pass all her traps and remain alive. As the action in the novel progresses, his luck, nobility and luck become more intense. He is a little selfish, a little boastful and even crafty. But these earthly features give him a lot of charm.

Athos - the ideal nobleman

Athos, Porthos and Aramis are the main characters, the Three Musketeers. In their world, honor comes first, which they never compromise. Athos is the personification of nobility and decency.

He is taciturn, scrupulous, full of self-esteem and fatal secrets that the curious D'Artagnan wants to know. There is a romantic story behind it. He was once married to a beautiful commoner. But she turned out to be a thief who was branded by the executioner. Managing to survive after being destroyed by the Count, she married Lord Winter. He died soon after his marriage to her. Rich, beautiful, resourceful and unusually dexterous, she pursues D'Artagnan. The main characters, the three musketeers, simply constantly disturb her, and she wants, with the help of her patron Cardinal Richelieu, to destroy all four friends at the same time. Athos, the most tragic of all characters, who drowns his grief in a goblet of wine, unravels Milady's secret. Thanks to his firmness, she will be convicted and executed. This is how the main characters, the three musketeers and their friend, will cope with the evil and duplicity that Milady embodied.

Porthos and Aramis

Just like Athos, they hide their high origins behind fictitious names and romantic stories. Aramis (Chevalier d'Herblay), a noble nobleman, is burdened by service and dreams of becoming an abbot. Melancholy and sad, meek and brave, he is femininely beautiful. Aramis is not without heartfelt affection. When he does not receive news from his girlfriend, Madame de Chevreuse, exiled to distant Tours for a long time, he increasingly turns to theology. Porthos (Mister du Vallon) is a heroic man, boastful, kind and the most narrow-minded of friends. All the main characters of Dumas' "The Three Musketeers" are people of honor, nobility and decency.

Another world

The Three Musketeers confront a world where any crime or heinousness can be forgiven if it is done for the good of France. The main characters of Dumas's "The Three Musketeers" are the sinister Cardinal Richelieu, who sets traps for everyone, and his henchwoman Milady, who eagerly carries out the most difficult tasks of her patron, arouses a feeling of fear in the powerful cardinal.

The Cardinal knows how, and in this he differs from Milady, to evaluate the integrity and honor of the musketeers. He regrets that they serve the king and not him. He has both a deep mind and fortitude. They serve state interests.

After all the adventures are over, Porthos marries the rich widow Coknard, Aramis becomes abbot. D'Artagnan and Athos remain in service. Then the count, having received an inheritance, retires.

The novel "The Three Musketeers" has two sequels. First we see the heroes after 20 years, then after 10. And these are completely different stories.

List of characters in novels about d'Artagnan

Partially or completely fictional characters

1. Count Rochefort. The cardinal's devoted assistant. Probably has a real historical prototype. In the first book he appears as d'Artagnan's sworn enemy. Twenty years later - d’Artagnan’s closest and, at times, only friend (after the rest of the musketeers left the service and left Paris in all directions).

Musketeers

1. D'Artagnan(Monsieur d'Artagnan-son), pseudonym Artagnan- musketeer, historical figure. Dumas used individual motifs from d’Artagnan’s real career (participation in the Fouquet trial, death during the siege of Maastricht).
2. Athos(Count de La Fere) - musketeer; the character is fictionalized by Dumas using the name of a real historical person - Armand de Cilleg d'Athos d'Autevielle.
3. Porthos(Baron du Vallon) - musketeer; the character is fictionalized by Dumas using the name of a real historical figure - Isaac de Porto.
4. Aramis(Chevalier d'Herblay) - musketeer, later abbot and general of the Jesuit order. The character was invented by Dumas partly based on a real historical figure - Henri d'Aramitz.

Servants of the Musketeers

1. Planchet. D'Artagnan's servant, a cheerful Parisian; in the novel “Twenty Years Later” - a respectable bourgeois who takes part in the events of the Fronde and again becomes an assistant to the musketeers.
2. Grimaud. Servant of Athos. He is distinguished by extreme silence and restraint, speaks in monosyllables. In the novel “Twenty Years Later,” Athos arranges for him to become a servant in the fortress where the Duke de Beaufort is kept: Grimaud facilitates his escape.
3. Bazin. Servant of Aramis. Pious, like his master, later becomes a cleric.
4. Blunderbuss. Lackey of Porthos, who later renamed himself Mouston.

Family members, relatives, acquaintances

1. Constance Bonacieux. Wife of haberdasher Bonacieux and mistress of d'Artagnan. Milady was poisoned in the Carmelite monastery. It was she who found d'Artagnan for the role of the queen's messenger for the pendants to Buckingham.
2. Viscount Raoul de Bragelonne- son of Athos and Duchess de Chevreuse. Raised by his father. He first appears in the novel “Twenty Years Later”: there he enters the military service and partly finds himself drawn into court intrigues. One of the main characters of the novel “The Vicomte de Bragelonne, or Ten Years After.” His love for Louise Lavalliere leads him to a tragic end.
3. Madame Coquenard- widow, patroness, then wife of Porthos
4. Madeleine- innkeeper, Flemish; d'Artagnan's mistress in the novel Twenty Years Later.
5. Katie. The girl seduced by d'Artagnan. Milady's maid.

Villains

1. Milady. She is Anna de Bayle, she is Lady Clarik, she is Baroness Sheffield, she is Charlotte Buckson, she is Countess de La Fère, she is Countess Winter. The cardinal's spy. ex-wife Comte de La Fère.
2. Mr. Bonacieux- husband of Constance Bonacieux, tradesman. At the end " Three Musketeers"he disappears - obviously, as the author hints, Richelieu sent him to prison for knowing too much. In the novel “Twenty Years Later,” Bonacieux appears in the guise of a beggar who helps Count Rochefort to rebel the Parisian people against the queen. At the end of the novel, Porthos accidentally kills him.
3. Mordaunt- son of Milady, one of the heroes of the novel “Twenty Years Later”.
4. de Wardes- a nobleman whom Cardinal de Richelieu sent to England, and d’Artagnan wounded after refusing to voluntarily give him permission from the cardinal to go to sea.
5. Viscount de Wardes- son of de Wardes.

Historical figures

Reigning persons

1. King Louis XIII of France- acts in the novel “The Three Musketeers”.
2. King Louis XIV of France- acts in the novels “Twenty Years Later” and “Ten Years Later.” In the novel “Twenty Years Later” he is still a child, but Dumas emphasizes his independence, self-esteem and nascent hostility towards Cardinal Mazarin. Louis is one of the main characters in the novel “Ten Years Later”: the king’s love affairs, his infatuation with de La Vallière, whom Athos’ son, Viscount de Bragelonne, loves, is one of the main plots of the book.
3. Queen Anne of Austria of France, wife of Louis XIII and mother of Louis XIV acts in all three novels cycle. Dumas, on the one hand, paints the queen in a positive light: she is beautiful, noble, full of self-esteem. At the same time, she is frivolous and ungrateful; an affair with Cardinal Mazarin, according to Dumas, humiliates Anna's royal dignity.
4. King Charles I of England is one of characters novel "Twenty Years Later". The Musketeers are trying to save the king from execution on behalf of his wife, Queen Henrietta, but their mission is unsuccessful.
5. His son King Charles II of England with the help of the musketeers, he regains the throne in the novel “Ten Years Later.”

Servants of the Church

1. Cardinal Richelieu- acts in the novel “The Three Musketeers”, is one of the main negative characters there.
2. Cardinal Mazarin- acts in the novel “Twenty Years Later”; favorite and secret husband of Anne of Austria. Dumas considers him just a “shadow of the all-powerful cardinal” Richelieu; through the lips of the heroes, he repeatedly ridicules the greed and pettiness of Mazarin. In the novel Ten Years Later, Mazarin dies: this clears the path for Louis XIV to absolute power.
3. Coadjutor(Cardinal Retz) - opponent of Mazarin, one of the participants in the Fronde. In the novel “Twenty Years Later” he is shown as one of the organizers of the protests against Mazarin.

French aristocracy and courtiers

1. De Treville- chief of the musketeers.
2. La Porte- Valet to Queen Anne of Austria
3. Duchess de Chevreuse- court lady; in Dumas - Aramis's beloved, appears in all three novels of the cycle. Viscount de Bragelonne is her son, whom she partially patronizes.
4. Duke de Beaufort - appears in "Twenty Years After" and "The Vicomte de Bragelonne". In the novel Twenty Years Later, Athos's servant, Grimaud, helps the Duke escape from the Castle of Vincennes and take part in the Fronde.
5. Louise Lavaliere- favorite of Louis XIV. Dumas appears in the novel “Twenty Years Later”: here she is a little girl with whom the young Viscount de Bragelonne is in love. In the novel “The Vicomte de Bragelonne, or Ten Years After,” Louise finds herself at court: she sincerely falls in love with Louis XIV, which leads de Bragelonne to despair. At the end of the book it is shown tragic fate Lavaliere: she is abandoned by the king and is alone.

English

1. Villiers, George, 1st Duke of Buckingham- English statesman, lover of Queen Anne of Austria in the novel The Three Musketeers.
2. John Felton- murderer of the Duke of Buckingham; Dumas depicts him as a strict puritan, tasked with protecting Milady. Milady tells him a fictitious story that the Duke was allegedly pursuing her, and that is why Felton decides to kill Buckingham.
3. Lord Winter- Milady's brother-in-law.