Untitled
Speechand personalcharacteristics of heroescomedy
DI. Fonvizin "Minor"
Recently read comedy by D.I. Fonvizin’s “Minor” made me think about the question: “Is it possible to recognize a person’s character, his moral principles just by name and speech; and whether the name and the words spoken by her are connected at all in her personality.” Let's conduct research on this topic.
First of all, we note that a The second quite aptly selects the names of the main characters. Hardly this fact can be attributed solely to the author’s desire to give a “challenge” V catchy and memorable names for the heroes. Rather, it should be assumed that Fonvizin is trying in this way to enhance the impression he receives from the play.Deep connoisseur human souls, Fonvizin understands that the names of the heroes are exactly what the common man most often pays attention to. Thus, being an excellent satirist, the author initially sets the reader in a comical mood.Now let's come closer to the comedy itself.
So, the names of the heroes:
Mitrofan. According to the directory of male names - name of Greek origin, translated from Latin stands for “revealed by the mother.” It should be assumed that the name can be deciphered, How "mama's boy" those. Human, everything is possible warded by mother, loving and respectful her more than her father. This name couldn't be betterconveys the whole nature hero.
What about speech features, then in words Mitrofan is clearly visible exactly love for your mother.He tries in every possible way to highlight his mother inthe society in which it is located, And it doesn’t matter if the people are close he is surrounded or strangers. Undoubtedly One should also highlight such a characteristic of the hero as a complete inability to various kinds of sciences and learning in general. Maybe that’s why after the comedy was published, the name Mitrofan became a household name, denoting people who are narrow-minded and simple in their inner world.Let's look from the text:
Mitrofan. This? Adjective.
Pravdin. Why?
Mitrofan. Because it is attached to its place. Over there by the pole closet
week the door has not been hung yet: so for now that is a noun.
Or here, again:
Mitrofan (softened up). So I felt sorry.
Mrs. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?
Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.
Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here's my son, one of mine
comfort.
Sophia. Just like Mitrofan, the name has ancient Greek roots. Means "wisdom". We can also assume that the author gives this name to his heroine, in connection with short form name - Sonya. The name Sonya is popularly associated with the quality of sleepiness. In the comedy, Sophia is a young girl who has not yet shown her nature, her character, who has not fully “awakened” after childhood. We don't know what it will be like in the future. Will she accept the qualities of Starodum, her uncle, or will she be the exact opposite, like Mrs. Prostakova.
Sophia's speech shows that the heroine is polite, loves and is grateful to her uncle. She never allows herself to scold a person, take offense at him or hate him. Sophia is quite sweet, her speech reveals the tenderness characteristic of every well-bred girl. Just one phrase:
« I have now received good news. Uncle, about whom so much for a long time we knew nothing, whom I love and honor as my father, I came to Moscow these days » ,
reveals to us the whole essence of this charming girl.
Milo. The name comes from Western languages. Denotes dear, beloved. It can be argued that Fonvizin gave the name to the hero not by chance, since Sophia loves Milon, hence the “beloved”. One should also not discount the possibility, although not great, that the author had some kind of association between Milo and melon (Melon (English) - melon), since his speeches are very sweet.
Based on Milo’s speech style, it is noticeable that the hero is a kind, sympathetic, brave person.
“I will tell you the secret of my heart, dear friend! I am in love and have the happiness of being loved. For more than six months I have been separated from the one who is dearer to me than anything else in the world, and what is even sadder is that I have not heard anything about her during all this time... Maybe she is now in the hands of some self-interested people who, taking advantage of her orphanhood, her, they keep her in tyranny. From this one thought I'm beside myself »
ABOUT the bottom is just a phrase, but how it reveals all Milon's feelings for Sophia.
Mrs. Prostakova and Mr. Prostakov are Mitrofan's parents. Their surname speaks volumes important quality- simplicity. As for the type of this simplicity, it is obvious that first of all one should assume spiritual simplicity. Which also implies poor spiritual world heroes. Is it possible to find confirmation of these thoughts? Undoubtedly, but first let’s say a few words about Mitrofan’s mother. Prostakova comes from a family of nobles named Skotinin. Her father was ignorant, which is why she and her brother (Skotinin) are ignoramuses. Prostakova is a very wayward person, looking for benefits everywhere. Her whole essence is reflected in her last name. It can be assumed that her father or grandfather got the title of nobleman not by inheritance, but by length of service or in some other way. The validity of this assumption is confirmed complete absence manners, instilled from childhood, she was probably raised by people who were not accustomed to the nobility, who could not give her the proper noble education and upbringing.
Prostakova's speech is very original and interesting. She never allows herself to address her husband kindly and with respect, but she treats her son so reverently and with such love that everyone can only silently envy. She often calls the servants brutes, apparently because she herself was once Skotinina.
Mrs. Prostakova (Trishke). And you, brute, come closer. Didn't you say
I tell you, you thieving mug, to make your caftan wider. Child, first,
growing up, another, a child without a narrow caftan of delicate build.
Tell me, idiot, what is your excuse?
Prostakov is the complete opposite of his wife. Simpletons pleases his wife in everything, has no own word. It is very difficult to call him a person, rather an individual.
Prostakov. Yes, I thought, mother, that it seemed so to you.
Mrs. Prostakova. Are you blind yourself?
Prostakov. With your eyes, mine see nothing.
Mrs. Prostakova. This is the kind of hubby God gave me: he doesn’t understand
figure out for yourself what is wide and what is narrow.
The following characters: Starodum, Pravdin, Skotinin, Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin and Vralman have corresponding “speaking” surnames that characterize the characters even more than their speech patterns.
Starodum is Sophia's uncle. He always speaks in aphorisms. For example:
“Ranks begin, Sincerity ceases”
or
“Without a soul, the most enlightened, clever woman is a pitiful creature.”
This characterizes him as a wise man, knowledgeable about life, and has seen a lot in his lifetime.
Pravdin is an official. An old friend of Starodum, maybe that’s why he’s trying to get the truth everywhere, speaks only the truthand at the same time believes that everyone also acts in the truth.
Pravdin. But those worthy people who serve the state at the court...
Skotinin. Isn't a nobleman free to beat a servant whenever he wants?
Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman - the so-called teachers of Mitrofan. TO Uteikin is a seminarian. Teaches vocabulary ease for my son Simplicity and the kovs . Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant.Without proper education, he teaches Mitrofan mathematics. Vralman - German, sand that they actually hire him as a teacher Mitrofanushka. In fact, it turns out that Vralman is a simple coachman, but a German for that!
Kuteikin. What a devilry! You won't achieve much in the morning. Here
every morning will flourish and perish.
Tsyfirkin. And our brother lives like this forever. Don't do things, don't run away from things.
That's the trouble for our brother, how bad the food is, like today for lunch here
there was no food...
At the same time, the whole trio(Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman) She has settled quite tightly in the Prostakovs’ house, although occasionally disagreements and squabbles arise between them.
Tsyfirkin. And we will give them the honor. I'll finish the board...
Kuteikin. And I am a book of hours.
Vralman. I'm going to play pranks on my mistress.
Eremeevna - Mitrofan's nanny, a simple Russian woman, lovinghis pupillike her own son and always ready to defend him.
Mitrofan. Mommy! shield me.
Eremeevna (shielding Mitrofan, becoming furious and raising her fists). I'll die
on the spot, but I won’t give up the child. Show up, sir, just kindly show up. I
I’ll scratch out those thorns.
Total, 13 heroes, 13 different names, 13 different images . But what they all have in common is that DI. Fonvizin gave them names similar to their characters, which once again emphasizes author's skill. The names of the characters become the highlight of the work. And now we come to the conclusion that name and characterheroes in the work inalienably connected to each other.How reasonable was it (to give such names to the characters)? I think that this is the right step of the author, since I personally remembered these names, and perhaps for the rest of my life, even before finishing reading the play.
Untitled Speech and personal characteristics heroes of the comedy D.I. Fonvizin “Undergrown” A recently read comedy by D.I. Fonvizin’s “Minor” made me think about the question: “Is it possible to recognize the character just by name and speech?Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor" was written in best traditions Russian classicism. In accordance with the classic canons, the characters in the work are clearly divided into positive and negative, and their names and surnames succinctly characterize and reveal the main features of the characters. However, unlike traditional images classic plays, the heroes of “The Minor” are devoid of stereotypes, which is what attracts modern readers and viewers.
Positive actors include Pravdin, Sophia, Starodum And Milo. Each of them supports the ideas of the Enlightenment, considering the main human values virtue, honesty, love of country, high morality and education. They are depicted as complete opposites negative heroes – Prostakovs, Skotinin And Mitrofan. They are representatives of the “old” nobility, which with all its might clings to outdated ideas of serfdom and feudalism. Their core values are money, position in the social hierarchy and physical strength.
In Fonvizin’s play “The Minor,” the main characters are divided into peculiar dual pairs, in which the author portrays people with similar social roles, but depicting them in a mirror distortion. So, in addition to a couple of “children” - Sophia and Mitrofan, we can distinguish “educators” - Starodum and Prostakov, “suitors” - Milon and Skotinin, as well as “owners” - Prostakov and Pravdin.
Mitrofan– undergrowth and main character comedy - a spoiled, stupid young man of sixteen, for whom his mother, nanny or servants always did everything. Having adopted from her mother the love of money, rudeness and disrespect for her family (Prostakova is ready to deceive sibling, just to settle a marriage that is beneficial for her), and his father is completely weak-willed, he behaves like small child- does not want to study, while he finds marriage fun. The complete opposite of Mitrofan is Sophia. This is an educated, smart and serious girl with a difficult fate. Having lost in early age parents and living in the care of the Prostakovs, Sophia does not adopt their values, but, in fact, becomes a “black sheep” in their society (Prostakova is even indignant that the girl can read).
Prostakova appears before readers, on the one hand, as an uneducated, cunning woman who is ready to do almost anything for the sake of profit, and on the other hand, as a practical housewife and loving mother, for whom the happiness and carefree future of her son comes above all else. Prostakova raised Mitrofan the way she was raised, and therefore was able to convey and show by her own example outdated, long-exhausted ideas and values.
U Staroduma a completely different approach to education - he does not treat Sophia like a small child, talking with her as an equal, instructing her and advising her based on his own experience. In the matter of marriage, a man does not undertake to make final decisions for a girl, because he does not know whether her heart is free. In the image of Starodum, Fonvizin portrays his ideal of a parent and educator - an authoritative strong personality, who herself has gone through a worthy path. However, analyzing the character system of “Minor” from the point of view modern reader, it is worth noting that the image of Starodum as a teacher is also not ideal. The entire time he was away, Sophia was deprived of parental care and left to her own devices. The fact that the girl learned to read, values morality and virtue is most likely the merit of her parents, who instilled this in her at a young age.
In general, the topic of kinship is important both for goodies the play "The Minor" and negative ones. Sophia- daughter of worthy people, Milo- the son of a good friend Starodum. Prostakova received this surname only after marriage; in fact, she is Skotinina. Brother and sister are very similar, they are both driven by a thirst for profit and cunning, they are uneducated and cruel. Mitrofan is depicted as the real son of his parents and his uncle’s pupil, who inherited all their negative traits, including his love for pigs.
Characters whose relationship is not mentioned in the play - Prostakov and Pravdin. Prostakov is radically different from his wife; compared to the active and active Prostakova, he looks weak-willed and passive. In a situation where he must show himself as the owner of the village, the man is lost against the background of his wife. This leads to the fact that the more active Pravdin, who was able to pacify Prostakova, becomes the owner of the estate. In addition, Prostakov and Pravdin act as some kind of “auditors” of what is happening. Pravdin is the voice of the law, while Prostakov is the opinion of the simple (remember the “talking” names of the play) people who do not like how the “old” nobility behave in the person of his wife and brother-in-law, but is afraid of their anger, therefore he speaks only aside and not negotiating.
The last couple of characters are Skotinin and Milon. Men represent outdated and new ideas about marriage and family life. Milon has known Sophia since childhood, they love each other, and therefore their relationship is built on mutual respect and friendship. Skotinin does not even try to get to know the girl better, he is only concerned about his dowry, and he is not even going to arrange good conditions for her after marriage.
In addition to the main characters, the play contains secondary characters - teachers and educators of Mitrofan the underage. Characteristics of the supporting characters – Eremeevna, Tsyfirkina, Kuteikina And Vralman– is connected with their social role in the play. The nanny is an example of a serf who faithfully serves his mistress all his life, enduring beatings and injustice. Using the example of images of teachers, the author exposes all the problems of education in Russia in the 18th century, when children were taught by retired military men who had not graduated from the seminary or even grooms.
For the 18th century, Fonvizin’s innovation was that the author depicted the characters in “The Minor” without excessive pathos and stereotypes inherent in many works of classicism. Each comedy hero is undoubtedly a composite image, but created not according to a ready-made “stencil”, but with its own individual traits. That is why the characters in the work “The Minor” remain with the brightest images Russian literature.
Work test
Fonvizin tried to depict vicious morals in his work provincial nobility of that time. A separate topic on which the author tried to focus the reader’s attention is the problem of education younger generation. The image and characteristics of the main characters of the comedy “Minor” will help you understand who is positive and who negative character. Each of them is individual in its own way. Much can be understood by reading their first and last names. Looking at them, you see what character indicators they are endowed with and what they represent.
Prostakova
Noblewoman by birth. Mitrofanushka's mother. Doesn't like people and his spouse. At every opportunity, she lets her husband know that he is nobody in the house. Woman commander. Uneducated. Ill-mannered. Characterized by particular cruelty towards serfs. Evil, rude woman. Doted on his only son. Has a passion for money. For the sake of profit and profit, he will go over his head. Cunning and insidious. It was she who came up with a plan to trick the orphan and marry her son. Mitrofan’s future comes first for Prostakova. Everything is beloved to him, but the son himself is hardly able to appreciate the all-consuming mother's love and care.Prostakov
Prostakova's husband. Fully matches the surname. Such a simpleton. Henpecked. Passive, weak-willed man. I’m used to the fact that my wife rules everything in the house. He always tries to please her, otherwise you can fall under the hot hand of your wife, and she has a hard hand. I myself had to receive slaps in the face from my wife more than once. Loves his son. In his heart he is proud of his only heir. True, it is unclear what reasons there could be for pride if the son cannot cause anything but contempt.Mitrofan
The main character of the comedy. Son of the Prostakovs. Minor. A teenager of sixteen years old. Mama's boy. Accustomed to the fact that the mother and her entourage fulfill any desire at the click of a finger, and God forbid who disobeys the young master. A spoiled, selfish young man. Loves money. Doesn't respect elders. A worthless young man. Studying is hard work for him. The granite of science is too tough for him. Lazy. But the proposal to marry aroused genuine interest in the guy. If only such zeal would go in the right direction. Ignorant and stupid.Skotinin
Prostakova's brother. Nobleman. Loves pigs and money. Ignorant. Rough Uneducated. Because of the dowry, he was ready to marry Sophia, without having feelings for her. An ill-mannered, uncouth man. A copy of your sister.Sophia
Orphan. Noblewoman by birth. Starodum's niece, whom the Prostakovs took under their wing. Young, pure creation. A rich heiress, which was the reason for a clash between the owner’s son and Skotinin. Received a good education. Honest, decent. Good soul Human. It is responsive. Faithful. She loves her fiancé Milo. Ready to fight for my love to the last.Starodum
Sophia's uncle. The girl's guardian was forced to leave his niece for a long time in order to improve the situation and get back on her feet for her benefit. A good mentor. Gives good advice. Strong, authoritative personality. Wise, reasonable. Kind. He earned everything he acquired through honest labor. Straightforward.Milo
Sophia's groom. Honest, decent guy. Military. Sincerely loves Sophia. Highly moral. Educated. Modest. Honor and courage are not empty words for him. A worthy match for any girl.Pravdin
Civil servant. Official. Honest, decent person. He is engaged in punishing landowners who are cruel to serfs.Tsyfirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman
Woe to the teachers of the master's son. None received proper education. All of them are former ordinary workers.Vralman worked as a coachman. German. Teaches Mitrofan foreign language. Cunning, flattering. Capable of meanness and deception.
Kuteikin teaches minors to read and write. Sexton. He's not much of a teacher. Calculating. Cowardly.
Tsyfirkin. From the former military. Teaches arithmetic. A kind, honest man. He's nothing like a teacher.
Eremeevna
Mitrofan's nanny. An ordinary peasant woman. A woman faithfully and devotedly, like a dog, serves her mistress throughout her life. Patiently endures insults and assault without expressing dissatisfaction. She receives a meager salary, but she doesn’t have the courage to ask for a raise, it’s not in her character. Accepts life as it is.Trishka
Serf peasant. Tailor at court. Has no professional sewing education. Not stupid. She can stand up for herself and snap back in response to the owner’s comments. Differs in prudence.The original idea of Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” was to reveal the theme of education, which was very relevant in the Age of Enlightenment; a little later, socio-political issues were added to the work. The title of the play is directly related to the decree of Peter the Great, who banned the ability of young uneducated noblemen to serve and marry.
History of creation
The first manuscripts of sketches of “The Minor” date back to approximately 1770. To write the play, Fonvizin had to rework many works with the corresponding ideological content - works of Russian and foreign modern writers(Voltaire, Rousseau, Lukin, Chulkova, etc.), articles from satirical magazines and even comedies written by Empress Catherine II herself. Work on the text was completely completed in 1781. A year later, after some obstacles from censorship, the first production of the play took place, with Fonvizin himself being the director, and the first publication of the play took place in 1773.
Description of the work
Action 1
The scene begins with a heated discussion of the caftan made for Mitrofanushka. Mrs. Prostakova scolds her tailor Trishka and Prostakov supports her in her desire to punish the careless servant. The situation is saved by the appearance of Skotinin, he justifies the unfortunate tailor. What follows is a comical scene with Mitrofanushka - he reveals himself to be an infantile young man, and also very fond of eating heartily.
Skotinin discusses with the Prostakov couple the prospects of his marriage with Sofyushka. The girl’s only relative, Starodum, unexpectedly sends news of Sophia’s acquisition of an impressive inheritance. Now the young lady has no end to suitors - now the “minor” Mitrofan appears on the list of candidates for husbands.
Act 2
Among the soldiers staying in the village, by chance, turns out to be Sofyushka’s fiancé, officer Milon. He turns out to be a good acquaintance of Pravdin, an official who came to deal with the lawlessness happening on the Prostakov estate. At chance meeting With his beloved, Milon learns about Prostakova’s plans to arrange the fate of her son by marrying a now wealthy girl. What follows is a quarrel between Skotinin and Mitrofan over the future bride. Teachers Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin appear, they share with Pravdin the details of their appearance in the Prostakovs’ house.
Act 3
Arrival of Starodum. Pravdin is the first to meet Sophia’s relative and reports to him about the atrocities happening in the Prostakovs’ house in relation to the girl. The entire owner's family and Skotinin greet Starodum with hypocritical joy. The uncle’s plans are to take Sofiushka to Moscow and marry her off. The girl submits to the will of her relative, not knowing that he chose Milon to be her husband. Prostakova begins to praise Mitrofanushka as a diligent student. After everyone has left, the remaining teachers Tsyfirkin and Kuteikin discuss the laziness and mediocrity of their underage student. At the same time, they accuse the rogue, Starodum’s former groom, Vralman, of hindering the learning process of the already stupid Mitrofanushka with his dense ignorance.
Act 4
Starodum and Sofyushka are having a conversation about high moral principles and family values- true love between spouses. After a conversation with Milo, having made sure of the high moral qualities young man, the uncle blesses his niece to marry her lover. What follows is a comical scene in which the unlucky suitors Mitrofanushka and Skotinin are shown in a very unfavorable light. Having learned about the departure of the happy couple, the Prostakov family decides to intercept Sophia on the way out.
Action 5
Starodum and Pravdin are having pious conversations, hearing a noise, they interrupt the conversation and soon learn about the attempt to kidnap the bride. Pravdin accuses the Prostakovs of this crime and threatens them with punishment. Prostakova begs Sophia's forgiveness on her knees, but as soon as she receives it, she immediately accuses the servants of being slow in kidnapping the girl. A government document arrives announcing the transfer of all the Prostakovs’ property to Pravdin’s custody. The scene of paying off debts to teachers ends with a fair denouement - Vralman’s deception is revealed, the modest hard worker Tsyfirkin is generously rewarded, and the ignorant Kuteikin is left with nothing. The happy young people and Starodum are preparing to leave. Mitrofanushka heeds Pravdin’s advice to join the army.
Main characters
Considering the images of the main characters, it is worth noting that speaking names the characters in the play express the one-linearity of their character and leave no doubt about the author’s moral assessment characters comedies.
The sovereign mistress of the estate, a despotic and ignorant woman who believes that all matters, without exception, can be solved with the help of force, money or deception.
His image is the focus of stupidity and lack of education. He has an amazing lack of will and unwillingness to make decisions himself. Mitrofanushka was called a minor not only because of his age, but also because of his total ignorance and low level of moral and civic education.
A kind, sympathetic girl who received a good education and has a high level of internal culture. Lives with the Prostakovs after the death of his parents. She is devoted to her fiancé, officer Milon, with all her heart.
A person who personifies the truth of life and the word of the law. As a government official, he is on the Prostakov estate in order to understand the lawlessness happening there, in particular the unfair treatment of servants.
Sophia's only relative, her uncle and guardian. A successful person who managed to bring his highly moral principles to life.
Sophia's beloved and long-awaited groom. A brave and honest young officer distinguished by high virtue.
A narrow-minded, greedy, uneducated person who does not disdain anything for the sake of profit and is distinguished by deceit and hypocrisy to a high degree.
Analysis of the work
Fonvizin's "minor" is classic comedy in 5 acts, all three unities are strictly observed in it - the unity of time, place and action.
The solution to the problem of education is the central point of the dramatic action of this satirical play. The accusatory sarcastic scene of Mitrofanushka’s exam is a true culmination in the development of the educational theme. In Fonvizin's comedy there is a collision of two worlds - each of them with different ideals and needs, with different styles life and speech dialects. The author innovatively shows the life of the landowners of that time, the relationship between the owners and ordinary peasant people. Difficult psychological characteristics heroes gave impetus to the subsequent development of Russian domestic comedy as a theatrical and literary genre of the era of classicism.
Final conclusion
Fonvizin's comedy became a unique iconic work for his contemporaries. In the play there is a clear contrast between the high moral principles, real education and laziness, ignorance and waywardness. In the socio-political comedy “The Minor,” three themes rise to the surface:
- the topic of education and upbringing;
- theme of serfdom;
- the theme of condemnation of despotic autocratic power.
The purpose of writing this a work of genius is clear - the eradication of ignorance, the cultivation of virtues, the fight against the vices that have afflicted Russian society and the state.
Mitrofan is one of the main characters of the comedy, and the title is dedicated to him. He considers himself already very mature, although he is still quite a child, but not sweet and naive, but capricious and cruel. Narcissistic, because everyone surrounded him with love, but in such a limiting way.
Of course he laughs at the teachers. It is clear that he wants to marry the beautiful Sophia. He is not afraid of anything, but he is very cowardly. That is, he is afraid of everything, is always ready to call his nanny and mommy for help, but he behaves very arrogantly and defiantly with everyone...
And everything would be fine! But only his mother supports him in everything and does not limit him in any way.
We meet Mitrofan when he shows off in a new caftan, and his mother scolds the tailor. Mitrofan has already grown up - a tall, rather dense guy. His face is not very smart, nor are his actions. He laughs a little at everyone, plays, fools around. He is definitely well fed, he doesn’t even know how to stop, so his stomach often hurts. He grew physically, but his heart and soul were not cared for. And the fact that his brain simply doesn’t want to remember information (he’s been learning the alphabet for three years) is also Mitrofan’s whims. It seems to him that even without science he will be able to do everything through his mother’s efforts. She almost married him to the rich heiress Sophia, who is also very beautiful and kind.
Mitrofan often does what he is told. Not the teacher, of course, but the mother. She said, “Kiss a stranger’s hand,” and that’s what he does. But only for profit. Mitrofanushka has no courtesy, kindness, or respect for others.
In general, Mitrofan may not be so bad, but he is very spoiled. The undergrowth believes in its exclusivity “without effort.” He sees himself as a successful landowner, he sees himself. In his heart there is no love even for his adoring mother, for his faithful nanny, for anyone. Of course, he only loves himself, but not enough. Otherwise, he would at least learn and develop!
The image and characteristics of Mitrofanushka with quotes and examples from the text
Mitrofan Prostakov - the hero of the play by D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrown", a young man, the only son of the Prostakov nobles. In the 19th century, minors were called young men from noble families who, due to their laziness and ignorance, could not complete their studies, and, as a result, enter the service and get married.
Fonvizin in his play makes fun of such young people, embodying their features in the image of one of the main characters of the play - the Prostakovs' son Mitrofan.
Father and mother love their only son very much and do not notice his shortcomings, moreover, they worry about their son and take care of him as if he were a small child, protect him from all misfortunes, they are afraid that he may become overtired from work: "... while Mitrofanushka still in the undergrowth, sweat and pamper him; and then in ten years, when he enters, God forbid, into service, he will suffer everything...”
Mitrofanushka is not averse to having a tasty dinner: “...And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all [...] Three slices of corned beef, and hearth, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember...” “...Yes, apparently, brother, you had a hearty dinner..." "...You deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass...".
Mitrofan is a very rude and cruel young man: he tortures serfs, mocks his teachers, and does not hesitate to raise his hand even against his father. This is the fault of the mother, who took the household into her own hands and does not value her husband at all. Neither the peasants nor her relatives like her, because she swears and beats everyone in vain.
Mrs. Prostakova is also responsible for the upbringing and training of Mitrofanushka, but without interfering much with these processes. Therefore, the young man is cruel and rude, but cannot stand up for himself, but hides behind his mother’s skirt. Things are also no better with studies. Not only is Mitrofan stupid and lazy, he is not interested in anything, he is not curious, and he is very bored in class. In addition, his teachers are useless - the former sexton Kuteikin, the retired sergeant Tsyfirkin and the former coachman Vralman are ignorant and poorly educated people: "... Well, what can come of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for whom ignorant parents also pay money to ignoramuses - teachers?.." In addition, Vralman is a French teacher, although he himself is German, French doesn’t know, but manages to teach it to the boy.
The image of Mitrofan reflected the type of representative of the younger generation of that time: lazy, ignorant, rude; he does not strive to grow spiritually, mentally and culturally; he has no ideals or aspirations.
Option 3
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is a great Russian writer. In his work “The Minor,” he showed readers a generalized image of the younger generation from the noble class of the 19th century using the example of the main character Mitrofan. The name Mitrofan translated from Greek means “mother-like.” The hero is brought up in a family in which relationships are built on lies, flattery, and rudeness. The mother raised her son to be an unlucky, uneducated man. Mitrofan has no goals or aspirations in life, they are too small and insignificant. He is spoiled and treats rudely not only the servants, but also his parents. Fonvizin this image didn't come up with it. In fact, at that time in noble circles they often met similar to Mitrofan teenagers who studied poorly, did nothing, and lived their days like this.
Mitrofan had home teachers who, in principle, did not give him any knowledge. But the hero has no desire to study at all. He is stupid, naive, his speech is undeveloped and rude. This person is not adapted to the life around him, he cannot do anything without his mother and without servants. His main activities during the day are to eat, rest and chase pigeons. What made Mitrofan exactly like this? Of course, this is the education system that came from Prostakova, the hero’s mother. She indulged his whims too much, encouraged all his mistakes, and thus, in the end, this was the result of his upbringing. This is the blind love of a mother for her child.
Growing up in such conditions, Mitrofan was accustomed to having a say in the family and the right to treat others rudely. It will be very difficult for a person like Mitrofan in life if he is left alone with his problems. At the end of the work, Prostakova loses her estate and along with it loses her own son. This is the fruit of her upbringing. This result of the comedy shows the level of this system of upbringing and education.
Using the example of the image of Mitrofan, Fonvizin showed one of the main problems in family education. This problem is still relevant today. IN modern society There are also such spoiled children who grow up in similar conditions. Everyone should think about how to eradicate such undergrowth that is dragging our society back. I think that people like Mitrofan don’t know what it is real life and do not understand what its meaning is due to their ignorance. I feel sorry for these children and their parents. I hope that all parents, after reading this comedy, will understand their mistakes and be able to raise a worthy citizen of their country.
Essay 4
The play "The Minor" was written by Fonvizin in 1781. A year later it was staged. The performance created a sensation. But the work displeased Catherine the Second and Denis Ivanovich was forbidden to publish his works, and the theater on whose stage the premiere took place was closed.
In the eighteenth century, noble children under the age of sixteen were called minors. It was believed that they had not yet “grown up” to independent, adult life.
One of the main characters of the comedy, Mitrofanushka, was such an undergrowth. Nowadays, this name has become a household name, synonymous with a stupid and lazy mama's boy.
Mitrofan is almost 16 years old. And it's time for him to serve in the army. But his mother, Mrs. Prostakova, blindly loves her son and is not ready to let him go for anything in the world. She spoils him and indulges him in everything. Indulges him in idleness. Such upbringing led to the fact that the boy grew up and turned into a rude, lazy ignorant teenager.
They hired teachers for Mitrofanushka, but they didn’t teach him anything, because he didn’t want to study: “I don’t want to study, I want to get married.” However, the mother does not insist on classes: “Go and frolic, Mitrofanushka.” However, such teachers are unlikely to teach the child intelligence. Their surnames indicate this - Tsyfirkin, a retired soldier, Kuteikin, a half-educated seminarian and the German Vralman, who turned out to be a coachman.
The Prostakovs’ son does not love or respect anyone. He treats his father with disdain. This is very clearly shown in the scene where a mama’s boy feels sorry for his parent because she is “... so tired, beating his father.” Mitrofan is rude to the servants and snaps at them. He calls his nanny or mother “old bastard.” He mocks teachers and serfs. Our hero and his own mother do not value him at all. No worries touch his heart. He shamelessly takes advantage of Prostakova's blind love. And he even blackmails her: “The river is close here. I’ll dive in, remember my name.” And to the question about what bad things he dreamed about at night, he answers: “Yes, either you, mother, or father.”
To all the listed bad qualities of Mitrofan, one can add cowardice and servility before a strong enemy. He humbly asks for mercy when an attempt to forcibly take Sophia down the aisle fails, and on Starodum’s orders he meekly agrees to go serve.
Thus, in Mitrafanushka, Fonvizin embodied all the shortcomings and vices inherent in the nobility of that time. This is ignorance and stupidity, greed and laziness. Simultaneously the habits of a tyrant and servility. This image was not invented by the author, but taken from life. History knows many examples of undersized, illiterate, soulless people who take advantage of their power and lead an idle lifestyle.
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