Finally, we come to the analysis of the 4th chapter of Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. The drama is growing. “Hardly anyone wrote poetry in Russian with such ease as we notice in all of Pushkin’s poems. He has an inconspicuous job; everything is at ease; a rhyme sounds and calls out another,” Voeikov wrote about the poem.
Onegin came to Tatiana in the garden. The scene of Onegin's meeting with Tatyana is key in this chapter, carrying a psychological load. And to emphasize this, Pushkin does not insert any significant actions into this chapter.
Having read novels, Tatyana expects that after her confession she will have secret meetings with her beloved hero, love adventures and experiences. But Evgeny behaved not like the hero of her favorite novels, but like ordinary person. While he was walking into the garden, he remembered his stay in St. Petersburg, his love affairs, and the bitter experience he had accumulated.
Before you judge our hero, put yourself in his place. He barely had time to notice Tatyana behind the flashing servants, the samovar, and cups of tea. Remember, when the friends were returning home, Onegin was the first to note his mother.
By the way, Larina is simple,
But a very sweet old lady;
The sad, silent girl could hardly attract attention to herself. And even more so, a person who knew women could not fall in love in a couple of hours. Tatyana was clearly in a hurry with her confession.
Once again, I propose to put ourselves in the shoes of our hero. He receives a letter. Even if it’s touching and sincere, from a girl she barely knows. What should he have done? Any decent person, no matter whether he was a nobleman or a bourgeois, would have done exactly the same in his place. Even today, 200 years later. There are 2 scenarios here. The bastard would have taken advantage of the girl’s naivety and inexperience, cheated her and abandoned her. And he would have made him famous all over the area. However, in Russian society In the nineteenth century, morals were much stricter, and he would have had to answer to the assembly of the nobility. He was not ready to get married. So he did what he should have done.
He offers the girl his brother's love and friendship. The author also says that Onegin could have taken advantage of the love of the inexperienced Tatiana, but nobility and a sense of honor prevailed. Onegin invites Tatyana to listen to a confession, but his monologue is more like a rebuke. He admits to Tatyana that he does not seek to tie the knot, shows what kind of future awaits Tatyana if he marries her.
Believe me (conscience is our guarantee), Marriage will be torment for us. No matter how much I love you, Having gotten used to it, I will immediately stop loving you; You will begin to cry: your tears will not touch my heart.
And at the conclusion of his monologue, Onegin gives Tatyana advice: “learn to control yourself.” This phrase has become popular in less than 200 years.
Tatyana did not answer Evgeniy.
Through tears, without seeing anything,
Barely breathing, no objections,
Tatyana listened to him.
But what confusion, what storm of feelings reigned in her soul, the reader can only guess. The nobility in Eugene’s characterization is emphasized by Pushkin’s carefully selected vocabulary: “silenced feelings,” captivated, “young maiden,” “bliss.”
At the end of the conversation, in order to soften the harshness and coldness of his words, Evgeny gave her his hand, on which Tatyana leaned, and they returned to the house together.
But if Tatyana had chosen as her confidante not her nanny, who knew nothing about love, but her mother, the plot of the novel could have developed differently. Mother would not allow her to write this letter, because she understood that this could only scare off a potential groom. But Onegin would have been laid such networks that only noble mothers are capable of. There would be thousands of excuses to invite Onegin to the Larins’ estate, and Onegin would not be able to refuse them. All conditions would have been created for Evgeny to get to know Tatyana better, and then, lo and behold, he would fall in love with her and propose to her.
However, dear reader, you have the right to disagree with our judgment.
As mentioned above, apart from Tatyana’s meeting with Onegin, the author does not develop the narrative and does not describe any significant actions in this chapter.
First, he analyzes Onegin’s act, noting that
very nice of you
Our friend is with sad Tanya.
What follows is a discussion about friends, which can be expressed in one proverb: God, deliver me from friends, and I myself will get rid of enemies. You never expect anything good from your enemies. That's why he is an enemy, to expect a stab in the back and betrayal from him. But when slander is repeated by a person who calls himself a friend, it is perceived differently by society and hits harder.
In conclusion lyrical digression occupying 5 stanzas of the chapter, the author gives advice that has become the slogan of our 21st century - love yourself.
Pushkin again returns to the image of Tatyana, describes her state of mind after a conversation with Evgeniy. Unrequited love left a heavy imprint on Tatiana's heart. She completely lost her taste for life, her freshness. Neighbors from the district villages began to pay attention to her condition, and they said that it was time to marry her off.
But while Tatyana was silently withering away, Olga and Vladimir Lensky were happy, they enjoyed simple communication with each other, and the wedding day had already been set.
To conclude the analysis of the 4th chapter, attention should be paid to Lensky’s antithesis to Onegin in the last stanza. Lensky is young and not as experienced as Onegin. He believes in Olga's love and is therefore happy. “But the one who foresees everything is pitiful” - this is about Onegin. Knowledge and excessive experience often interfere with living and being happy.
Lyrical digressions at the end of the chapter indicate that a time interval will be allowed between the events of the 4th and subsequent 5th chapters. Onegin's explanation with Tatyana took place in August - early September (the girls were picking berries in the garden). The actions of the 5th chapter will take place in January, at Christmas time.
The scene of the explanation of Tatiana and Onegin in the eighth chapter is the denouement of the novel, its logical conclusion. This chapter tells about the events that occurred several years after the death of Lensky, which to some extent separated the heroes. They meet again at the ball. The reader learns that Tatyana is now a married lady, from a provincial girl she has turned into a society lady, a “legislator of the hall,” although she still retains her individuality: “She was not in a hurry, not cold, not talkative, without an insolent look for everyone , Without pretensions to success, Without these little antics, Without imitative undertakings... Everything was quiet, it was just in her...” Onegin does not even immediately recognize her at the ball. But he himself has remained virtually unchanged over the years: “Having lived without a goal, without work, Until the age of twenty-six, Languishing in the inactivity of leisure, Without service, without a wife, without business, I didn’t know how to do anything.”
The characters seem to have switched roles. Now Onegin “spends day and night in melancholy thoughts of love...”. It would seem that Tatyana should be happy: now Onegin is in love with her and is suffering. But she does not reveal her feelings either at the first meeting (“Hey, she! It’s not like she shuddered, Or suddenly became pale, red... Her eyebrow didn’t move; She didn’t even purse her lips.”), nor subsequently, when Onegin confesses his feelings to her in a letter (“She doesn’t notice him, No matter how he fights, even if he dies”); on the contrary, she is indignant:
How harsh!
Doesn't see him, doesn't say a word to him;
Uh! how surrounded you are now
She is Epiphany cold!
How to keep your anger at bay
Stubborn lips want!
There is only a trace of anger on this face...
Unable to stand the wait, Onegin goes to Tatyana’s house and what does he see?
The princess is in front of him, alone,
Sits, not dressed, pale,
He's reading some letter
And quietly tears flow like a river,
Resting your cheek on your hand.
Oh, who would silence her suffering
I didn’t read it in this quick moment!
Tatyana continues to love Evgeny, she herself admits this to him. In the third chapter, the author writes, talking about her feelings for Onegin: “The time has come, she fell in love.” It would seem that this feeling of first love should have passed quickly, because Evgeny did not reciprocate her feelings; moreover, knowing about Tanya’s love, he courted Olga on her name day. Even Eugene's sermon in the garden did not affect Tatiana's feelings.
What prevents the heroine from reciprocating Oneginugin’s feelings now? Maybe she is not sure of the sincerity of his feelings? Tatyana asks Onegin:
Why are you persecuting Me now?
Why are you keeping me in mind?
Is it not because in high society
Now I must appear;
That I am rich and noble,
That the husband was maimed in battle,
Why is the court caressing us?
Not because it's my shame.
Now everyone would notice
And I could bring it in society
Do you want a tempting honor?
Don't think. Tatyana is a whole person. Although she was raised on French novels(“She liked novels early; They replaced everything for her; She fell in love with the deceptions of Richardson and Rousseau”), the concepts of “family” and “marital fidelity” are not for her simple words. Although she does not love her husband, her moral principles do not allow her to cheat on him:
I got married. You must
I ask you to leave me;
I know it's in your heart
And pride and direct honor.
I love you (why lie?),
But I was given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever.
The author stops the story about the heroes, says goodbye to them (“Forgive... my strange companion, And you, my faithful ideal...”). But the reader himself can easily imagine the fate of his favorite characters. I think that each of them - both Tatiana and Evgeniy - are unhappy in their own way: Tatiana doomed herself to life with an unloved husband; Onegin's soul was reborn, but too late. “And happiness was so possible, So close!..”
During the first meeting, Onegin is a bored and relaxed metropolitan dandy. He does not have any serious feelings for Tatyana, but says, nevertheless, that it is she, and not Olga, who represents something interesting. That is, he pays attention to Tatyana, but his devastated soul only touches with its tip the true, heartfelt perception. Tatyana at the moment of their first meeting is a completely inexperienced naive girl who secretly dreams of great love(which is banal) and carrying enough inner strength for this (which does not happen very often).
During the last meeting, Onegin is full of renewed spiritual strength, he understands how rare happiness he has missed. The important fact is that significant changes are taking place in Onegin. And now he can see it, experience sincere feelings. Tatyana with her powerful inner core appears spiritually very strong personality, that is, its development throughout the novel is also obvious. She not only resigns herself to the forced marriage, she forces her to treat herself as the queen of the very light in which she never dissolved, unlike Onegin.
Evgeny Onegin. How the first and last meetings of Tatiana and Onegin determine the characters' characters
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"Eugene Onegin" is a work about love. Pushkin's love is a high, free feeling. A person is free in his choice and happy with it, but not in this novel. Although Tatyana loved Onegin, she was not happy with him, she did not even receive love in return. The theme of love can be traced through two meetings between Tatiana and Evgeniy.
In the person of Tatyana, Pushkin reproduced the type of Russian woman in a realistic work.
The poet gives his heroine a simple name. Tatyana is a simple provincial girl, not a beauty. Her thoughtfulness and daydreaming make her stand out among the local inhabitants; she feels lonely among people who are unable to understand her spiritual needs:
Dick, sad, silent,
Like a forest deer is timid.
She is in her own family
The girl seemed like a stranger.
Tatyana's only pleasure and entertainment were novels:
She liked novels early on;
They replaced everything for her.
She fell in love with deceptions
Both Richardson and Russo.
When she meets Onegin, who looked special among her acquaintances, it is in him that she sees her long-awaited hero.
She knows no deception
And he believes in his chosen dream.
Following a heartfelt impulse, she decides to confess to Onegin in a letter, which is a revelation, a declaration of love. This letter is imbued with sincerity, a romantic belief in the reciprocity of feelings.
But Onegin could not appreciate the depth and passion of Tatyana’s loving nature. He reads her a stern rebuke, which leads the girl into complete disorder and mental confusion.
Having killed Lensky, the only singer of love among the people around him, in a duel, Onegin kills his love. From this moment on, a turning point in Tatiana’s life takes place. She changes in appearance, her inner world closed to prying eyes. She's getting married.
Onegin is greeted coldly in Moscow socialite, owner of the famous salon. In her, Evgeny hardly recognizes the former timid Tatiana and falls in love with her. He sees what he wanted to see in that Tatiana: luxury, beauty, coldness.
But Tatyana does not believe in the sincerity of Onegin’s feelings, since she cannot forget her dreams of possible happiness. Tatyana's offended feelings speak, it is her turn to reprimand Onegin for not being able to discern his love in her in time. Tatyana is unhappy in her marriage, fame and wealth do not bring her pleasure:
And to me, Onegin, this pomp,
Hateful life is tinsel, my successes are in a whirlwind of light,
My fashionable house and evenings.
This explanation reveals the main character trait of Tatyana - a sense of duty, which is the most important thing in life for her. The images of the main characters are revealed to the end in the final meeting. Tatyana responds to Onegin’s confession with the words: “But I was given to another and I will be faithful to him forever!” This phrase clearly outlines the soul of the ideal Russian woman. With these words, Tatyana leaves Onegin no hope. In the first meeting of the heroes, the author gives Onegin a chance to change his life, filling it with meaning, the personification of which is Tatyana. And in the second meeting, Pushkin punishes the main character by leaving Tatyana completely inaccessible to him.
Evgeniy has foreign tutors; Tatiana's is a simple Russian peasant woman. Tatiana - perfect image Russian woman. She dreams of real great love, about the only chosen one, and Onegin has “the science of tender passion,” a chain of easy and soon boring victories. Tatyana grew up in the atmosphere provincial nobility, does not know how to lie and pretend. Her love, natural and living, is precisely why it is beautiful.
Onegin was frightened of genuine feelings, because he was accustomed to secular falsehood and play, and Tatiana’s sincerity frightened, even repelled Eugene. That's why main character novel and passed by what Tatyana’s open heart offered him. And only in last chapter in the cold heart of Evgeny Onegin, which has long ago “lost sensitivity”, spontaneously flares up bright feeling. But even now he is not interested in the Tatyana she was in the village, “not this timid, in love, poor and simple girl.” Onegin would have neglected such a Tatyana even now. He began to “languish with a thirst for love” for Tatiana, the brilliant, magnificent framed living room of the capital, “the impregnable goddess of the luxurious royal Neva,” “the indifferent princess.” Let us note that this captivating Tatiana is a stranger to herself. She herself is “stuffy here”, in this new environment in which Onegin has become so interesting to her. She despises the “excitement of light”, hates the “hateful tinsel” surrounding her, “all this noise, and shine, and fumes.” Her entire true being: sincerity and depth of feelings, loyalty to duty, spiritual nobility - is connected with her closeness to the natural, the people... It is also significant that Tatyana, continuing to have feelings for Onegin, calls his sudden love for her “petty feeling.” Here you can either agree with her or not. On the one hand, Evgeny fell in love with Tatyana sincerely, his tender love for the heroine produced a revolution in him, returned that “sensitivity” to his heart, generated by disappointment in love, which breathed new strength into Onegin’s usual life and filled it with meaning and content. On the other hand, Onegin’s feelings are “small” simply because they are only a drop in comparison with the sea of feelings that Tatyana experienced for Eugene. Tatyana's final monologue takes away from central character this barely acquired meaning extinguished all hope for personal happiness. And by absoluteizing the hero’s personal drama, Pushkin leaves Onegin in a state of severe moral shock in the last scene.
Thus, despite the reciprocity of the heroes, the author separates them life paths leaving no chance for happiness. This is the main tragedy of the main characters of the novel by A.S. Pushkin Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina.
The basis of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is the relationship between the two main characters - Eugene and Tatyana. If you follow this storyline throughout the entire work, two parts can be roughly distinguished: Tatiana and Onegin; Onegin and Tatiana.
The determining factor in this division is the dominant role of the characters in the emergence and development of love feelings. At the beginning of the novel, we witness the acquaintance of Evgeny and Tatyana. He is a wise young man, quite tired of the bustle of the capital, quite confident in his rightness. However, his confidence, as it turned out, is based on rather slippery ground:
... his feelings cooled down early;
He was tired of the noise of the world;
The beauties didn't last long
The subject of his usual thoughts;
The betrayals have become tiresome;
I'm tired of friends and friendship...
All these are signs of a disease, which in English is called spleen, and in Russian - melancholy. According to the author, Onegin was calm about this state, in the sense that
He will shoot himself, thank God,
I didn't want to try.
But he completely lost interest in life.
At this time, Onegin had the opportunity to change the current state of affairs: his father died, leaving behind huge debts, and his uncle found himself near death. Eugene’s decision was made instantly: he left his father’s estate to the creditors, and he himself moved to his uncle’s estate, located in the wilderness of the village, far from the bustle of the capital. Tatyana was not familiar with the bustle of the city. There were two teachers in her life: sweet novels and folk legends. Seeing the mysterious, unapproachable Onegin, Tatyana immediately fell in love. Of course, because in her chosen one, “by the happy power of dreams,” the most romantic and courageous heroes of her favorite books were embodied:
Tatiana loves seriously
And he surrenders unconditionally
Love like a sweet child.
Tormented by lovesickness, Tatyana decides to take a desperate step - to confess everything to the object of her worship. Let's turn to Tatyana's letter, which we like from the very first lines: it has such a surprisingly simple beginning. In the second part of the letter, Tatyana talks about her emotional experiences associated with the need for an unusual, great feeling, with a romantic dream of an ideal and extraordinary hero:
Why did you visit us?
In the wilderness of a forgotten village
I would never have known you.
I wouldn't know bitter torment.
The girl, on the one hand, complains that fate has sent her a troublemaker peace of mind, but, on the other hand, having thought about her possible fate (“I would find a friend after my heart, I would have a faithful wife and a virtuous mother”), Tatyana decisively rejects the possibility of marriage with one of the provincial suitors, because she does not fall in love with Petushkov or Buyanov I could. And Tatyana, with perhaps unexpected frankness and courage for her, speaks about who Onegin is for her: he was sent by God, he is her guardian angel to the grave, about whom she had known for a long time:
You appeared in my dreams,
Invisible, you were already dear to me,
Your wonderful gaze tormented me,
Your voice was heard in my soul.
But all this did not happen in a dream, it was all reality, for when Onegin first arrived to visit the Larins, Tatyana recognized him. The tone of the letter becomes more sincere and trusting. Tatyana transfers everything that is best in her to her chosen one. And one more important detail: Tatyana perceives Onegin as a protector. Here in family of origin she feels lonely, no one understands her:
But so be it!
From now on I entrust my destiny to you,
I shed tears before you,
I beg your protection.
Having received Tatiana's message, Onegin was touched by her sincerity and tenderness, but deep down in his soul he was afraid that he would not live up to these anxious hopes. Note: for a moment, a feeling vaguely reminiscent of love flared up in him, but it immediately faded away. Onegin’s selfishness and individualism, which emerged so clearly in the first explanation of the characters, are mentioned by the poet in the epigraph to the novel: “Imbued with vanity, he possessed,” moreover, a special pride that prompts him to admit with equal indifference
