A fragment of the tale "Lefty" where the voice of the narrator is heard. “Pride in Russia and its people in “The Tale of the Tula Lefty and the Steel Flea” by N. S. Leskov. Literature and other arts

FORTY
Forties, fatal,
Military and frontline,
Where are the funeral notices?
And echelon knocking.
Rolled rails hum.
Spacious. Cold. High.
And fire victims, fire victims
They roam from west to east...
And this is me at the stop,
In his dirty earflaps,
Where the asterisk is not statutory,
And cut from a can.
Yes, this is me in this world,
Thin, cheerful and perky.
And I have tobacco in my pouch,
And I have a stacked mouthpiece.
And I'm joking around with the girl,
And I limp more than necessary.
And I break the solder in two,
And I understand everything in the world.
How it was! What a coincidence...
War, trouble, dream and youth!
And it all sunk into me
And only then did it awaken within me! .
Forties, fatal,
Lead, gunpowder! .
The war is sweeping across Russia,
And we are so young!

Questions:
1. What moods permeate D. Samoilov’s poem? How does the author's intonation change along with the mood?
2. Pay attention to the abundance of epithets in the first quatrain. Is it possible to understand the emotional mood of the author and the theme of the poem if we read aloud only the epithets of this quatrain?
3. Why do you think there are so many words denoting space in the second quatrain (“spacious”, “high”, “from west to east”)?
4. With what feeling does the young poet remember himself twenty years later?
5. Ask your loved ones to tell you about poems and songs dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.

answer the questions:

1.What is the meaning of the term “skaz”?
2.What are the signs of P.P. Bazhov" Stone flower"Can it be classified as a tale genre?
3.What made Master Prokopich famous?
4. Why were the kids afraid to get trained by him?
6. Why did the boy take root with the master? What united them?
7.What character trait helped Dagilka comprehend the secrets of malachite craftsmanship?
8.What did he see as the beauty of the stone?
9. Tell us about Danilushka’s meeting with the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. What does the Mistress represent?
10.What rituals does the author describe and how do they help convey state of mind hero?
Fairy tale: STONE FLOWERMining master.

Please help me write an analysis of G. R. Derzhavin’s poem “River of Times” according to plan.

The river of times in its rush
Takes away all people's affairs
And drowns in the abyss of oblivion
Nations, kingdoms and kings.
And if anything remains
Through the sounds of the lyre and trumpet,
Then it will be devoured by the mouth of eternity
And the common fate will not go away.

1. Which lyricism does the work belong to?
2. What questions does the author raise? What is he talking about?
3. Associative plan of perception of the essay (associations of the philosophical, abstract plan, reminiscence - element artistic system which consists in using general structure, individual elements or motifs previously famous works art on the same (or similar) topic; a vague memory, as well as a phenomenon suggestive of recollection, association with something, an echo)
4. Mood lyrical hero.
5. Chronotope. Analyze the temporal space of the verse (pay attention to the grammatical organization of the work - temporal categories). Compare the images of time and the images of eternity. Subtext of the work.
6. Analysis linguistic means: images - symbols, metaphors.
7. What tonality is determined by the phonetic organization of the verse?
8. What does poetry make you think about?

Peculiarities of the narrator's image in an epic work

Tale- this is a narrative with an emphasis on oral speech (from the word “tell”), based on folk traditions and legends, close to them in form, which contains sketches folk life and morals. The genre of the tale presupposes a storyteller close to the people, a person with a special character and style of speech.

As a genre of Russian literature, the skaz is defined by the Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary as “ a special type of narration, focused on modern living, sharply different from the author’s, monologue speech of a narrator who came from some environment exotic for the reader (everyday, national, folk)» .

Noting the originality of the tale as a literary genre, P.P. Bazhov wrote: “ What the fairy tale tells was treated in advance as something that occupied, entertained, and taught the younger ones. But the tale was treated differently, in the tale there are elements of real life, history... It is based on a true incident, and this closeness to the truth distinguishes the tale from what is in the popular understanding a fairy tale».

In the linguistic-stylistic aspect, the tale was developed in the works of V.V. Vinogradova, B.M. Eikhenbaum and other researchers.

A deep approach to the problem of skaz is characteristic of Academician V.V. Vinogradov, who defines the tale form of narration as follows: “ A tale is a unique literary and artistic orientation towards an oral monologue of a narrative type; it is an artistic imitation monologue speech, which embodies the narrative plot, as if constructed in the order of its direct speaking» .

Thus, the interpretation of the tale in the linguistic-stylistic aspect mainly comes down to two points of view. One of them comes from the fact that in front of us “ orientation to the narrator's oral speech", the other is based on the fact that " in most cases, a tale is, first of all, an orientation towards someone else’s speech, and from here, as a consequence,-for oral speech» .

The verb “say” belongs to the category of one of the most ancient words in the Russian language. It has long performed a “double function: direct, ordinary (“tell” in the sense of “report”, “notify”) and specific belonging to the sphere oral creativity(“telling”).”

Folklore traditions largely determined the nature of the literary tale, the originality of its style, which is an organic fusion of folk-traditional and book elements.

The works of such outstanding writers of the 19th century. as N.V. Gogol, M.Yu. Lermontov, V.G. Korolenko's tale is established as a full-fledged genre of fiction.

In the 20-30s of the twentieth century. Such writers as B. Shergin, P.P. turn to literary tales. Bazhov, S. Pisakhov, E. Pistolenko. Thus, one of the important specific features A literary tale is a fusion of life with folklore sources - legends, fairy tales, that is, an organic combination of the real and the fantastic.

The most important feature of the tale genre, which characterizes it both from the content and from the form, is the image of the narrator, the storyteller. In the tale, the narrator is called upon to assess events and facts from the point of view of the people. The narrator of a folk tale is an individual, a hero from the people, whose voice merges with the voice of the author. The narrator - the people - the author are indissoluble in a tale. V.V. Vinogradov argued that “ the narrator is the speech creation of the author, and the image of the narrator in the tale is a form of the author’s literary artistry. The image of the author is seen in him as the image of an actor in the stage image he creates.». .

The narrative can be told from three points: 1) from a person from the people (N.V. Gogol, P.P. Bazhov); 2) the story can be the voice of the collective, i.e. “we” (M.Yu. Lermontov); 3) the story can be told on behalf of the writer (S. Yesenin). .

But no matter whose voice is heard in the tale - a representative of the working people, a collective or the writer himself - it always presupposes a popular assessment of the events described, a popular view of the phenomena public life. Therefore, the narrator in the tale is the bearer of mass consciousness, a collective worldview.

A work of fiction begins with its title.

Of all literary genres, skaz is perhaps one of the most “sensitive”, the most demanding of titles. As for fairy tale images, they are relatively rarely given in a long-term temporary development; they appear before us most often already formed, with all their inherent general, “generic” and individual qualities; but this does not diminish their artistic merits. The most vivid fantastic images develop into typical characters.

The structure of the tale is complex and multifaceted. In the tale, as in others literary genres, there is a plot, a climax, and a denouement. It contains a portrait and a landscape, a dialogue and a monologue, its own composition, unique to this genre. And all these elements are subordinated to the decision of the main artistic task: reflection of a historical era.

Nikolai Semenovich Leskov (1831-1895).

Arkin I.I. Literature lessons in grades 5-6: Practical. methodology: Book. for the teacher. - M., 2000, p. 130

Double-voice as a unique style of Leskov's tale: author and narrator. The dignity and intelligence of a commoner in the folk-ironic style of a tale. Its contrasting composition: the confrontation between imperial and popular Russia. Historical truth and folk legend in the artistic structure of the tale. The ironic and highly poetic are inseparably contrasting in the style of “Lefty”. (1883). Belinovskaya Z.S., Mayevskaya T.P. An epic with a “human soul”. (Materials for lessons based on N.S. Leskov’s tale “Lefty.” // Russian language and literature in secondary educational institutions Ukraine. No. 2, 1992, p. 2 - 5

The main theme of Leskov’s work is the depiction of the life of post-reform Russia. The writer strives with all his might to preserve the national identity of the Russian people and opposes forces hostile to them.

Theme and idea of the tale by N.S. Leskova "Lefty".

The theme of originality, talent, and dedication of the Russian people is embodied in “Lefty.” This is a tale about a Tula gunsmith, the fate of a talented man from the people. The brilliant master did not have his own name, but only a nickname - Lefty.

Preface by M.S. Goryachkina to the book. Leskov N.S. Lefty: (The Tale of the Tula oblique lefty and the rest of the flea). - M., 1985, p. 7

Turyanskaya B.I., Kholodova L.A., Vinogradova E.A. Komissarova E.V. Literature in 6th grade: Lesson by lesson. - M., 1999, pp. 103-111

We can distinguish 4 main ideological motives of the tale “Lefty”:

1. The amazing abilities of the Russian people.

2. True patriotism Lefties, people.

3. Ignorance, which limited his capabilities.

4. Irresponsible and criminal attitude towards him on the part of the authorities (from the courtier to the policeman) reaching not only to beatings, robbery, but, in essence, to the murder of a brilliant master.

The idea for “Lefty,” according to Leskov, arose from the saying: “An Englishman made a flea out of steel, and a Russian shod it.” Polukhina V.P. Methodical recommendations to the educational anthology “Literature”. 6th grade. - M., 1996)

Preface by M.S. Goryachkina to the book. Leskov N.S. Lefty: (The Tale of the Tula oblique lefty and the rest of the flea). - M., 1985, p. 7

“The appearance of the narrator in the tale “Lefty”, his speech merges with the appearance and speech of the main character of the tale. The originality of the perception of life, alien to the narrator and the hero, the comic and satirical rethinking of many of its concepts and language creates a special style of the tale about Lefty. Subsequently comparing the style of his legend “Buffoon Pamphaloi” and the style of “Lefty”, Leskov wrote: “This language, like the language of the “Steel Flea”, is not easy, but very difficult, and love for the work alone can motivate a person to take on such mosaic work . But they blamed me for this very “peculiar language” and finally forced me to spoil it a little and discolor it.”

Leskov uses the techniques of a fairy-tale narrative in it: the beginning, the construction of dialogue, the ending: “The Emperor says: “What do you, courageous old man, want from me?” And Platov replies: “I, Your Majesty, don’t need anything for myself...”

The author characterizes the style of the tale “Lefty” as “fabulous,” that is, fabulous, fabulous, and considers the character of the hero “epic.” But Lefty appears before readers as a living person, and not a conventional one. fairy tale hero. And this impression is created largely thanks to the folk spoken language, given in all its everyday authenticity, thanks to the narrator’s ability to reveal the psychology of the character through dialogue. Both the events and the speech of the characters in the tale are devoid of fantasy. Everything is perceived as quite real and plausible. And this perception is not only not hindered by the bizarre language of the tale, but even helps - it so revives and makes the painted types of people unforgettable.

Russian proverbs and sayings are richly used in the language of the tale: “The sky is cloudy, the belly is swelling, - the boredom is great, and the road is long”, “At least he has a sheep’s fur coat, but a little man’s soul”, etc.

Preface M.S. Goryachkina to the book. Leskov N.S. Lefty: (The Tale of the Tula oblique lefty and the rest of the flea). - M., 1985, p. 7

Leskov’s favorite genre “skaz”, first-person narration, required special gift reincarnation. (Subsequently, this technique was successfully used by other writers; we can say that this genre was transformed into a special type of story with a first-person narrator). Zoshchenko was a brilliant master of the “skaz” - story; Vladimir Vysotsky also spoke confidently on behalf of his heroes.

P.P. Bazhov(1879-1950) was from a Ural workers' village. He received spiritual education, participated in Civil War, was engaged in newspaper journalism. IN fiction Pavel Bazhov came late, at 57 years old, but managed to create a whole collection of “Tales of the Old Urals”. In total, from 1936 to 1950, he wrote over forty tales. The first issue of his collection “The Malachite Box” was published in 1939. (37 tales).

The writer denied the very possibility of processing folklore: “I don’t know what right I have to process, I have doubts in this regard. After all, this is what they say, but in fact it’s against folk art not create. Any attempt at change will be worse than what is there.” Bazhov's tales only in appearance resemble byliches and fairy tales that existed in mining villages. The writer created the plots and many of the characters himself, mixing folklore and literary devices narratives.

The tales complement each other, some characters move from tale to tale, fantastic events take place within a common time and space. In general, the epic of the Urals is taking shape. At the center of each tale is the life of working people, in which something fantastic suddenly happens. The strength of the working man, his talent and wisdom are opposed to both the force of oppression, embodied in the various masters of life, and the secret power of nature. The drama of this complex confrontation forms the basis of the problems of fairy tales.

The main thematic cycles of P.P.’s tales Bazhova:

1. Tales about the natural resources of the Urals.

2. Tales about the masters of the Urals.

3. Tales about the plight of the working people.

4. Tales about breeders and their associates.

5. Tales about family relationships.

It should be noted that all the above-mentioned themes of P.P.’s tales. Bazhov have very thin, blurred boundaries and can interpenetrate each other, that is, several themes can calmly coexist in one skaz.

His manner of telling a story about the past (as if in reality - on that mountain, behind that forest...) creates the impression of living oral speech addressed directly to the reader-listener. That's why dialect words, common sayings are perceived as an organic feature of the book text (at the same time, Bazhov opposed deliberate folklorism in the literary language)

Pavel Bazhov divided his tales according to tone and structure of speech into three groups: tales of a “children’s tone” (for example, “Ognevushka-Jumping”), “adult tone” (“Stone Flower”) and “historical stories” (“Markov Stone” ).

The story is told from the perspective of a clearly interested narrator. The reader is conveyed both his sympathy for the poor and grieving people, and his disapproval for his inability to be kind and affectionate. Tactfully, but steadily, the narrator affirms the ideal of life, not a fairy tale, but the most real one: “We lived and lived, but didn’t make much good; but they didn’t cry for a living, and everyone had something to do.”

The little reader is fascinated by the depicted setting - real and at the same time mysteriously fabulous. Three times he and the heroes find themselves in different dwellings: the first is the most ordinary one, where grief seems to have settled, the second is the Kokovani hut, where it is so cozy to work and listen to fairy tales, and the third is a forest booth where a unique miracle happens. From the everyday world, where good and evil are intertwined, to a world where fairy tales are intertwined with reality, this is the logic of compositional construction.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov is the greatest master of literary tale. Many prose writers and poets considered him their teacher.

literature children's story fairy tale

Composition

Pride in Russia and its people in “The Tale of Tula left-hander and about the steel flea" N. S. Leskova
1. Bearer of Russia's worldwide fame. 2. Platov is a bearer of military valor. 3. Lefty and respectable Londoners. 4. The appearance of the narrator in the tale “Lefty”. 5. Leskov - “writer of the future.”

One of the most poetic instructive works by N. S. Leskov is the tale “Lefty”. The idea for “Lefty,” according to Leskov, arose from a saying: “An Englishman made a flea out of steel, and a Russian shod it.”

The image of Lefty, the main character of the tale, includes all the features characteristic of Leskov’s righteous men, but has one more main one: he is the bearer of Russia’s world fame. Therefore, Lefty acts in skaz mainly not among his fellow countrymen, but outside his homeland. He not only great talent, but also a patriot. As you know, Lefty really liked the Londoners, who persuaded him to stay in England, marry an Englishwoman, and promised him a prosperous life. To all this, Lefty responded with a decisive refusal: “We are committed to our homeland.”

Cossack Zemlyanukhin was also not tempted by the wealthy foreign life, although he was glorified there, taken to theaters, to dinner parties, and even a meeting of the English parliament was held in his honor. After which the British asked him to stay with them, promising him rich land, but he also refused this, saying that “a dead hut Quiet Don will not exchange it for any treasure.”

The fate of the Cossack Zemlyanukhin turned out to be happier than the fate of Lefty. General Platov introduced him to the All-Russian Emperor... promoted him, by the highest permission, to a military officer, and sent him to the Don due to poor health.

In the tale “Lefty”, the Russian human creator, inextricably linked with his native land, is opposed not only by the machine, mechanical culture of Europe, but also by the Tsar of Russia and his retinue. The whole way of thinking of the tsar is in complete contradiction with the way of thinking of the Russian patriot General Platov, who tried in vain to prove to the tsar that “the Russians can do everything, but they have no useful teaching.”

The Oblique Lefty has no name in the tale, and even his nickname is written with a small letter. He is a symbol of the Russian people. The nameless master and his comrades “undertook to support Platov and with him all of Russia” in order to prove her unsurpassed originality and talent. The nondescript Tula artisan speaks freely, with a sense of his own dignity, both with the Tsar and with the learned Englishmen. He is helped by faith in the strength of his homeland, deep conviction in the wisdom of the foundations folk life Russia: “Our Russian faith is the most correct, and just as our forefathers believed, so should our pets believe.”

General Platov is the bearer of Russia's military valor, Lefty is the bearer of its labor valor. The country rests on them. They are its authorized representatives, not kings and their retinue. The characters of Platov and Lefty are very similar, despite the difference in their social status. Both of them are kind, honest, selfless people who live not for themselves, but for their homeland.

The “courageous old man” Platov did not acquire wealth, nor did he gain respect from the royal court, having retired. Like Lefty, Platov is a man of a broad Russian soul, he is democratic and incorruptible. The royal retinue is alien to him, but she does not favor him either. Noticing Platov’s excitement about how the Tula people carried out his order, the “courtiers” all turned away from him, because they could not stand him for his courage.

Convinced that “we Russians are worthless with our importance,” the Tsar and his brother gave power in the government to many foreigners. The ministers - Counts Kisselvrode (Nesselrode), Kleinmichel and others, of course, could not be patriots of Russia, defenders of the Russian people. The Tsar and his entourage are shown by Leskov as a force deeply alien to the people. In this country talented person no life. He is robbed, beaten, brutally mocked, even when he is helpless.

The genre of the tale itself presupposed a type of storyteller close to the people, an understanding of the event in folk spirit. Leskov emphasizes the main thing in the appearance of those in power: external pomp, stupidity, evil malice, and falsehood. It is these features that catch the eye of Platov and Lefty. Tsar Alexander is ridiculous and stupid, endlessly gasping at the sight of overseas novelties and paying a million rubles in silver coins for an unnecessary dancing “nymphosoria”. But his persistent disrespect for his native people and admiration for everything foreign is no longer funny, but offensive.

Leskov portrays the “respectable” Englishmen in tones of cheerful humor. These are honest, hardworking people who sincerely wish the best for Lefty. They are thorough, but internally wingless people, slaves and admirers of the “practical devices of mechanical science.” They made a metal flea to surprise the world, and were sure that no one could surpass them.

Leskov, using the example of the labor feat of Levsha and his comrades, bitterly shows that the Russian government cannot and does not want to direct the great creative power of the Russian people to transform a backward country. The energies of brilliant people were wasted on trifles, although amazing in their art.

The end of the tale “Lefty” is especially powerful in artistically. It is in these scenes (Lefty in England and his tragic death), depicting the victory of Russian talent and his subsequent death in his homeland, that the main idea of the tale is contained.

The appearance of the narrator in the tale “Lefty” and his speech merge with the appearance and speech of the protagonist of the tale. The originality of the perception of life, alien to the narrator and the hero, the comic and satirical rethinking of many of its concepts and language creates a special style of the tale about Lefty.

The author characterizes the style of the tale “Lefty” as “fabulous,” that is, fabulous, fable. But Lefty appears before readers as a living person, and not a conventional fairy-tale hero. And this impression is created largely thanks to the folk spoken language, thanks to the narrator’s ability to reveal the psychology of the character through dialogue. Both the events and the speech of the characters in the tale are devoid of fantasy. Everything is perceived as quite real and plausible.

Leo Tolstoy called Leskov “the writer of the future,” apparently putting into this definition the idea that future generations will understand how much Leskov did to understand the character of the Russian person. Tolstoy's prophecy came true. These days, Leskov has become closer to his native people than he was during his lifetime.

Other works on this work

Author and narrator in N.S. Leskov's story "Lefty" Pride in the people in N.S.’s fairy tale Leskova "Lefty" Lefty is a folk hero. Love and pain for Russia in N. Leskov’s tale “Lefty”. Love and pain for Russia in N. S. Leskov’s fairy tale “Lefty” Russian history in the story “Lefty” by N. S. Leskov The plot and problems of one of the works of N. S. Leskov (“Lefty”). Tragic and comic in N. S. Leskov’s tale “Lefty” Folklore traditions in the work of one of the Russian writers of the 19th century (N.S. Leskov “Lefty”) N.S. Leskov. "Lefty." The originality of the genre. The theme of the Motherland in N. Leskov’s tale “Lefty” Lefty 1 Techniques for depicting folk character in Leskov’s story “Lefty” Lefty 2 The plot and problems of one of Leskov’s stories “Lefty”

Thinking about what we read

1. Why did the nameless master (left-handed) and his comrades undertake to support Platov and with him the whole of Russia?

2. Read the scene in the palace. Pay attention to the portrait of a left-hander. How does he behave with the king and his entourage?

3. Why is “on every horseshoe the master’s name is displayed: which Russian master made that horseshoe,” but the name of the left-hander was not there?

4. How did the British manage to persuade the left-hander to stay in England? What made a special impression on him abroad?

5. How did N. S. Leskov portray General Platov? What is the main thing in his character? What features folk hero which ones does the author admire and which ones does he reject?

Find in the tale episodes that depict the royal entourage, details of the text that convey the author’s satirical attitude towards his representatives. Read these scenes so that you feel the author's caustic ridicule.

IN Encyclopedic Dictionary There is information about Platov:

“Platov, Matvey Ivanovich (1751-1818), Russian military leader, cavalry general, ally of A.V. Suvorov and M.I. Kutuzov. In 1790, Platov commanded a column during the assault on Izmail... In the Patriotic War of 1812, Platov, commanding a cavalry corps, covered the retreat of Bagration's 2nd Army, and then the 1st and 2nd Russian Armies. In the Battle of Borodino, he conducted a successful maneuver to the rear of the left wing of the French troops. Platov was the initiator and organizer of the Don Cossack militia against the French invaders."

How does this message differ from the image of Platov in the tale “Lefty?”

Improve your speech

1. The genre of the tale presupposes a storyteller close to the people. Read the fragments of the tale where the narrator’s voice is heard. Pay attention to his speech. Which of the characters in the work is he closest to? Support your answer with quotes from the text of the tale.

2. The tale of the left-hander is very close to a work of oral folk art. Find in it the techniques of a fairy tale narrative: beginning, repetitions, dialogues, ending - think about what role they play in the work.

3. There are many new words in the tale about the left-hander. Word creation begins where the narrator or hero encounters non-Russian names that are incomprehensible to an illiterate person. The artisan, talking about things unfamiliar and foreign to him, distorts their names according to his idea of them. But at the same time, the narrator puts a humorous meaning into them in the spirit of popular understanding, for example: a couch is a “couch”, “messengers” are “whistles”, a table is a “dozer”. Continue with these examples. Pay attention to who owns them.

4. According to Leskov, the idea for “Lefty” arose from the saying: “An Englishman made a flea out of steel, and a Russian shod it.” There are many Russian proverbs and sayings in the language of the tale, for example: “At least he has a sheep’s fur coat, but a man’s soul,” “The morning is wiser than the night,” etc. Find more proverbs and sayings.

5. Tell us about the character of a left-hander. You can use the following quotation plan:

a) “- Burn yourself, but we don’t have time,” and again he hid his plucked head, slammed the shutter and set about his work”;

b) “He is walking in what he was wearing: in shorts, one pant leg is in a boot, the other is dangling, and the collar is old, the hooks are not fastened, they are lost, and the collar is torn; but it’s okay, don’t be embarrassed”;

c) “...I worked smaller than these horseshoes: I forged the nails with which the horseshoes are hammered - no small scope can take them there”;

d) “There is no doubt about this,” he says, “that we are not too deep in the sciences, but only faithfully devoted to our fatherland”;

d) “...But I want to go to my native place as soon as possible, because otherwise I might get a form of insanity.”

Think about what points could be added to this plan.

6. Leskov said: “...where “left-handed” stands, one must read “Russian people.” With this in mind, think about why the oblique left-hander in the tale does not have a name and even his nickname is written with a small letter.

Creative task

L.N. Tolstoy called Leskov “the writer of the future.” What do you think was the meaning of great writer in these words? Prepare a detailed written response to this question.

Literature and other arts

1. Look at the portrait of a left-hander and the illustrations of the artist N. Kuzmin. Pay attention to how the artist depicted the left-hander and other characters. What is the artist’s attitude towards what he depicts?

2. One of the critics expressed his opinion about N. Kuzmin’s drawings for the tale “Lefty”: “Kuzmin’s Leskovsky touch... mischievous, unexpected, sharp, but essentially kind... style... was born from the text itself, in which the artist entered to experience “from the inside** his event.”

Do you agree with this statement?

3. Look at the Kukryniksy’s illustrations for “Lefty.” Is it possible to agree with this statement: “Here the artists are offended for being left-handed, so that one can feel their almost personal offense”?

4. Interest in “Lefty” has not diminished in more than a hundred years since its appearance. Artists, directors, composers turn to Leskov's tale. He was put on theater stages many cities (Moscow Art Theater - 1924, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov, Moscow Spesivtsev Theater - 1980, etc.). The cartoon and television film “Lefty” were a great success. If you have seen one of them, answer the question: did your ideas from what you read coincide with what you saw?

5. In the old part of the city of Orel, next to the building of the gymnasium where N. S. Leskov studied, and the Church of the Archangel Michael, the surroundings of which became the setting for the writer’s works, there is a monument to N. S. Leskov by the authors Yu. G. and Yu. . If you have seen this monument or its image (on postcards, on the Internet), answer the questions: what is special about this monument? Do you recognize the heroes of N. S. Leskov?

Literature lesson plan, grade 6

Lesson topic:Literary portrait of a writer.

Tale "Lefty": definition of the genre.

Program edited by V.Ya. Korovina; 6th grade

Target: Get acquainted with the biography of N.S. Leskov and determine the originality of the genre of the work “Lefty”.

Tasks:

Educational:

Introduce the biography of the writer.

Give an idea of the genre of the work (tale).

Learn to analyze a literary work.

Educational:

Develop skills individual work and work in groups.

Develop monologue speech skills.

Ability to extract necessary information from text.

Ability to characterize characters.

Ability to justify your answer.

Educational:

Cultivate a love for Russian literature.

Generate interest in the writer’s work.

To cultivate patriotic qualities in students.

Develop self-esteem.

Ability to work individually and in groups.

Shape respectful attitude to others.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Lesson form : conversation.

Equipment :

Portrait of N.S. Leskova

Textbook

lesson

Lesson stage

Chrono footage

Teacher activities

Student activities

Organizational.

2 min.

Greetings. Check your readiness for the lesson.

Greetings from the teachers. Check readiness for the lesson.

Updating knowledge.

7 min.

At home, you had to carefully read the textbook article about N. S. Leskov and his work “Lefty.”

The purpose of our lesson :

Get acquainted with the biography of the writer, determine the genre and main idea of the work.

Conversation on a textbook article pp. 224-226 .

What do you know about the writer and his family?

(Nikolai Semenovich Leskov was born into the family of a minor official who came from a priesthood in the city of Orel. From his mother, who married against the will of his parents, he inherited passion, and from his father, who refused to become a priest, he inherited love of life.

What kind of education did N.S. receive? Leskov?

(Leskov received his education first in the wealthy Strakhov family, then at the Oryol gymnasium, from which he did not graduate. Then he independently expanded his knowledge. He entered the service of the Oryol Criminal Chamber, then transferred to the Kyiv State Chamber, then transferred to a private company and traveled on official business all of Russia.)

Student answers.

Explanation of new material.

25 min.

Teacher's word.

We are turning to the study of the work of one of the most interesting Russian writers for the first time.

Nikolai Semenovich Leskov belongs to the best writers XIX century

None of the Russian writers amazes as much as Leskov with his skill and amazing variety of creative themes. Readers of his works are confronted with the lives of peasants, artisans, landowners and merchants, officials and clergy, kings and soldiers, detectives and police officers, intellectuals and schismatics... Faith in the “moral valor” of working people inspired the writer with confidence in the inexhaustibility of the people’s forces.

You have already said that Leskov traveled all over Russia.

Everything he saw and learned provided rich material for his articles and essays, which began to appear in print in the 1860s. Leskov was noticed by readers and journalists; he became an employee of a number of newspapers and magazines.

Later, in response to a newspaper reporter's question: "Where do you get your material for your writing?" - Leskov pointed to his forehead: “From this chest.” My impressions are stored here commercial service, when I had to travel around Russia on business, this is the most best time my life, when I saw a lot and lived easily.”

You all probably know the most famous hero - Lefty. This hero received, with light hand writer, independent life.

Let's write down the title of the work in our notebooks:

“The Tale of the Tula Oblique Left-Hander and the Steel Flea.”

The tale was written in 1881, although the idea

The story arose much earlier, in 1878, when Leskov was visiting the house of a gunsmith in

Sestroretsk. He was interested in a joke that was used among the people, “like the English from

they made a flea, and our Tula people shoed it and sent it back to them.”

Using this proverb as the basis for his work, Leskov presented the legend of the Tula master in the genre of a fairy tale.

Why do you think Leskov referred to the story of the old gunsmith?

(Leskov wanted the legend about Lefty to come, as it were, from the lips of the people. And most importantly, to create the illusion of his non-involvement in the history of Lefty).

The writer himself determined the genre of his work: it is a tale.

Read what a skaz is on page 269 of the textbook.

(A tale is a genre of epic based on folk tales and legends. The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, a person with a special character and style of speech.)

Write down this definition and learn it at home.

Thus, the tale genre presupposes a storyteller - a person close to the people. The tale of Lefty is very close to a work of oral folk art. There is a beginning, repetitions, dialogues, an ending. There are many new words in the tale, the meaning of which the author adds a humorous element to. For example, he calls the multiplication table “multiplication dol.” But we will talk about the features of the skaz language in the next lessons.

Now let's work with chapter 1 of the tale.

I’ll read the chapter to you, and you listen carefully and answer a few questions.

(teacher reading chapter pp. 226-228).

Answers to questions.

1. Who do you think the narrator could be and why?

(The narrator is most likely a simple person, a craftsman, a craftsman. This is manifested in his speech. There are many irregularities and colloquialisms in it - travelling, internecine conversations, rubbish, etc. There are many words characteristic of folklore works - see in different wonderlands , everyone beckoned the sovereign home, he was a married man.

Besides, historical characters- Alexander I and Platov - shown from the point of view common man, their actions and speech make you smile. For example, Platov said to himself: “Well, this is a sabbath. Until now I’ve been patient, but I can’t go any further.”)

2. When and where does the tale take place?

(In Russia and England shortly after the Napoleonic War.)

3. What historical facts mentioned in the work?

(Congress of Vienna 1814 - 1815, Alexander's trip I with Platov to London, the Decembrist uprising of 1825, called “confusion”).

Write down the main points in a notebook.

Write down the title of the work.

Student answers.

Read the definition.

Write down the definition.

They listen carefully.

Student answers.

Consolidation of new material.