Japanese style houses. Japanese house - how is it arranged inside and outside? Japanese house pencil drawing step by step

Hello, dear readers – seekers of knowledge and truth!

Japan is like a completely different world for Europeans. The life and way of life of the Japanese is so unusual for us that we, of course, are interested in getting to know this country better and learning about its traditions and culture. And today we will lift the veil of secrecy and take a look into a Japanese house.

We invite you to learn about how traditional Japanese housing is arranged inside and outside, what unusual pieces of furniture and household items are called, and compare how people lived in ancient times and in modern times.

Homes in the past

Types of dwellings

Traditional Japanese houses are called minka, which means "people's housing." They lived in them ordinary people, who did not belong to the noble strata of the population and to the samurai.

As a rule, the residents of these houses were engaged in crafts, fishing, agriculture, and trading. Minkas, similar to the ancient ones, are now preserved only in rural areas.

Depending on the type of occupation, varieties of mink were distinguished:

• matiya - for city dwellers;
• noka - for villagers, farmers, peasants;
• gyoka – for fishermen;
• gassho-zukuri - for mountain dwellers in distant settlements.

Machiya - home in Japan

The latter are of particular interest and historical value. This was the name of the dwellings in the mountainous areas of the island of Honshu. The owners of gassho-zukuri were engaged in sericulture, so they needed a spacious ground floor for drying products, and an attic for the production process.

Gassho-zukuriin the villageGokayama and Shirakawa are included in the UNESCO Heritage List.

Appearance

To build the mink, inexpensive materials were used that could easily be found. The frame was made of solid wood, beams, the facade was made of wood, clay, bamboo with the use of grass and straw elements.

Particular attention was paid to the roof. Since there were no chimneys, unique high roof structures with several slopes and canopies were erected, which did not allow moisture in the form of snow and rainwater to linger. The roof of the matiya was tiled, tiled, and the roof was thatched.

Even the most modest families tried to surround themselves with a picturesque garden with green vegetation, decorative elements in the form of small ponds and bridges. Often there were separate utility rooms here. The house had a veranda - engawa, as well as a main entrance - odo.

Interior decoration

Minka starts from the hallway - genkan. This is where shoes are removed before going inside.

A typical house is divided into two parts: with a floor covered with earth, and with high niches raised by 50 centimeters with supports made of takayuka wood. The Japanese spend almost all their time on the floor: resting, talking, eating, sleeping.

Mushiro and tatami made from high-quality bamboo are laid on the floor. They, despite their simplicity, are very beautiful , comfortable and practical.

Since ancient times, the Japanese measure of area was not only square meters, but also tatami, the dimensions of which were 90 by 180 centimeters.

There are no separated rooms as such, because the space does not use load-bearing walls. Their role is played by movable fusuma partitions and shoji sliding doors.

The space enclosed by such screens becomes a room - washitsu. When guests are expected, the partitions are simply removed, creating one large living room.

What strikes the eye in a Japanese home is amazing order. This is partly the merit of neat, economical Japanese women, and partly of minimalism in the internal structure. There is little furniture here, half of which, such as cabinets and storage compartments, is built-in. The Japanese decor is also quite modest and is represented by paintings, ikebana, calligraphic elements and a kamidan niche like an altar.

The main piece of furniture is the kotatsu. This is a table with a table top, around which there is a blanket or a special mattress - a futon. Looking at the kotatsu from the inside will help you see a fireplace underneath it, which helps keep you warm.

The kitchen, bathroom and toilet are separated from the common area. The bathroom in the minka was always separate. The Japanese ofuro bath is also famous, where often all family members could wash in the same water, after first rinsing in a special room.

Home now

Changes

Modern realities dictate their conditions, technology does not stand still, new materials are appearing to replace old ones, and this, of course, is reflected in architecture.

Several trends can be traced that have changed the appearance of traditional houses:

• One-story buildings are being replaced by houses with 2-3 floors.
• The size of the home is influenced by the size of the family - parents try to ensure that each child has a separate corner.
• Due to the hot and humid climate, houses are made more open and breathable.
• In some regions prone to earthquakes and tsunamis, houses are built on stilts.
• Only frame construction made of wood and reinforced concrete is allowed.
• The imagination of architects develops along with technology, so more and more futurist-style buildings with non-standard geometry and layout appear.
• Domed houses are gaining popularity - made of high-tech polystyrene foam in the shape of a hemisphere; their properties are in no way inferior to conventional buildings.
• In a modern interior, traditional tatami is beginning to coexist with classic Western sofas, sofas, and couches.

Dome houses in Japan

Modern noka

In rural areas, changes in the external and internal decoration of houses are not as obvious as in the city. Here the dwellings remain quite traditional, with thatched roofs and bamboo outer walls still present.

The average area of ​​a village house is 110-130 sq.m. There is a living room and 4-5 bedrooms here. The kitchen and dining room with a kamado fireplace for cooking are, as usual, located separately on the terrace.

City houses

Today, in cities, brick, iron, concrete, and bitumen materials are most often used for buildings. Within the city or in its immediate vicinity there is not as much free land as in villages, so the courtyards are narrow and elongated.

Such tightness in space also affects the size of buildings - they rarely exceed 80 sq.m. There are bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and even a retail space or workshop if the owners need them. An attic is built under the roof to provide storage space.

Apartments

The Japanese, in pursuit of a good life, a prestigious profession, and consistently high earnings, are flocking to large cities, in particular Tokyo. The high population density and relatively small area make it necessary to build high-rise residential buildings with small apartments.

The average area of ​​such an apartment is 10 sq.m., which in itself forces you to show ingenuity and miracles of logistics.

One room accommodates:

• hallway;
• fenced combined bathroom;
• bedroom;
• kitchen area;
• built-in storage solutions;
• balcony for drying clothes.

Richer people can afford an apartment of 70 sq.m., which is spacious by Japanese standards. or a house in the private sector within the city.

Some interesting facts

• In Japan there is no such thing as central heating. To combat the cold, electric blankets, heaters, baths, and kotatsu are used.
• The Japanese do not sleep on beds, but on kotatsu mattresses, which are so compact that they can easily fit in a closet.
• The Japanese kitchen has a lot of different utensils and appliances - from dishwashers and bread makers to rice cookers and electric grills.
• Before entering the toilet, you must wear shoes designed specifically for this room.
• The best description of Japanese style in interior design is minimalism, harmony, cleanliness and asymmetry.

Conclusion

We learned that the traditional Japanese homes are called minka. Ordinary people used to live here, and in some areas similar houses still exist.

Family members spend most of their time on the floor, so main task– with a minimum of furniture and decor, create a comfortable space filled with warmth and harmony. Over several centuries, living conditions and household habits people in the Land of the Rising Sun have changed slightly, which makes their houses unique in their kind.

Let harmony and comfort never leave your home. Join us - subscribe to the blog, and let's search for the truth together!

It should be understood that the Japanese house of today and yesterday are in many ways different things. In our world, old traditions, materials, and technologies are being replaced everywhere by new ones; the Homeland of the Samurai is no exception. Architecture keeps up with the times and changes; in megacities this is more noticeable, in rural areas it is not so obvious.

🈚In urban housing you can find much more similarities with traditional design in the internal arrangement, which cannot be said about appearance.

🈵Attention! Despite the fact that the Japanese style of house building was formed largely under the influence Chinese architecture, it has a series important features– simplicity, good lighting and asymmetrical design!

🈯Minimalism is the main component of Japanese life and interior.

How a traditional house works in Japan

The classic housing of Japanese commoners is called Minka. In such buildings lived artisans, fishermen, merchants, in other words, all those segments of the population that did not belong to the samurai and nobility.

Minka can be divided into several types:

• matiya: where the townspeople lived;
• noka: lived by peasants;
• gyoka: fishermen's buildings;
• gassho-zukuri: mink in remote mountainous areas with steep and massive thatched roofs, silkworm hut.

🈚Matiya roofing - tiles or tiles. The roof of Nok is straw or shingles.

🈯Although Minka, in the classical sense of the word, implies medieval buildings, these days this term is applied to any residential building in the Land of the Rising Sun.

Main Features

🈯There are practically no chimneys. This is explained by the floor raised by stilts and the high roof.

Increasingly, traditional Japanese houses are built from several floors, although previously only one level was used.

In general, the history of architecture developed according to the characteristics of climate, relief and other features. For example, high temperature and humidity influenced the fact that Japanese homes were made as open, ventilated and light as possible.
And the danger of earthquakes and tsunamis prompted the use of piles in design. They softened the shocks. They also tried to lighten the roof as much as possible so that if the house was destroyed, it could not cause critical physical damage to the owners.

Japanese style presupposes a reverent attitude towards purity and harmony. After all, the room was originally a project for a person living on the floor. And for such a philosophy, the absence of dirt and chaos is extremely important. It is not for nothing that such things as special slippers in front of the restroom and bathroom or exclusively white socks have become customary.

🈚To be fair, we note that maintaining cleanliness in Japanese square meters is easier than in our apartments. This is due to the minimal presence of furniture - the main place where dust accumulates.

The Japanese garden deserves special mention

Picture: Garden

Harmony with the surrounding world and nature is deeply rooted in the philosophy of this eastern people. And this could not but affect them everyday life, including designing your home.

The Japanese surrounded their houses with wonderful and characteristic gardens. Travelers were amazed by the beautiful and harmonious combination of natural components and man-made products: bridges, ponds, lanterns wrapped in transparent paper, figurines and much more.

But, perhaps, Sakura is the most common element in a Japanese garden. This is not just a plant, it is a real symbol of all eras, dynasties and empires.

🈚By removing everything Fusuma or Shoji, the Japanese turns the house into a kind of “gazebo” in his own garden, thereby satisfying the innate need to think about the meaning of life. This partly explains the absence of windows and doors that are classical in our understanding.

🈯By the way, many European and American landscape garden design specialists take the Japanese style of home area design as the basis for their projects

Device diagram

So, to summarize, the device diagram traditional home Japanese will consist of the following places:

• external fence;
• kindergarten;
• tea house (usually among the nobility);
• outbuildings(barn or storage place for tools and tools);
• veranda (engawa);
• main entrance (odo);
• hallway Genkan;
• kitchen;
• toilet;
• bathroom or Japanese ofuro bath;
• rooms (washitsu).

🈯The central part of the house may consist of several washitsu. If a large gathering of guests is planned, then all partitions are removed, resulting in one big hall!

🈵Important! The Japanese often measure rooms not by square meters, but by the number of tatami mats. A standard mat is 90 cm wide and twice as long.

In general, tatami is an important element Japanese culture. Their number and arrangement can determine the character of the washitsu. For example, this could be a bedroom. In this case, a Japanese Futon mattress is placed on the mats and the result is a standard sleeping place for a resident of the area where Sumo wrestling originated.

Tea house or Chashitsu

Important and wealthy families had a tea house on their property. The first such structures appeared in the 15th century AD. From the name it follows that these places were intended for the tea ceremony and, in general, had the main properties and signs of culture - minimalism, asceticism, space and illumination.

🈯A pond or lake around is a classic of the genre!

At the same time, a number of features are observed:

• A low entrance requiring the person to kneel. The main message of this idea is that, regardless of status, everyone must bend down to enter this “temple of tea drinking and spiritual pleasure.” The second point is that people with weapons were not allowed here; such a door prevented a samurai from entering Tyashitsa with weapons.
• Opposite the entrance there was a place where certain attributes were concentrated. These were either traditional calligraphic designs and texts, which were the subject of discussion, or relaxing objects such as ikebanas or lavish incense sticks and incense burners.

🈚Japanese tea houses promote meditation and tranquility, or vice versa – they encourage philosophical conversations.

Picture: Tea house in Japan

Ryokan Hotels

These hotels can also be classified as traditional Japanese houses. For tourists and travelers, this is a kind of temple of traditional Japanese culture. Everything in the rooms is furnished in a manner consistent with the Mink hut.

Here you can plunge headlong into Japanese identity. Sleep on mattresses laid on tatami. Spend time in o-furo. See the traditional kimono attire that the staff wears. Using Japanese hashi chopsticks, taste the national cuisine, rich in seafood and vegetables.

Modern Japanese style house

As mentioned at the beginning, modern Japanese housing has changed greatly, especially on the outside, but the interior design of almost any person from the Land of the Rising Sun contains a touch national traditions.

In the current realities, when the cost per square meter and interior elements is rising, the Japanese style with its minimalist approach to arrangement is becoming the most practical. And the free layout of their homes provides people with the opportunity to realize their design fantasies and ideas.

Buildings in the city and rural areas should be considered separately.

City. The appearance of ancient and modern Japanese cities has changed dramatically. The wooden Matiyas were replaced by buildings erected using materials such as brick, concrete, iron, and bitumen.

In the central parts of the cities, business skyscrapers rise, where the foundation of a strong and stable economy is forged. World famous corporations are located here.

The majority of citizens live in apartments located in multi-storey buildings. As a rule, these are five to seven storey buildings. One-room apartments predominate. The area of ​​the rooms does not exceed 10 square meters.

The layout of such housing is simply surprising with its rationalism when using such a limited area. Upon entering you will see this view:

• Small narrow corridor.
• On one side of the corridor there is a combined bathroom.
• On the other side there is a built-in wardrobe and a kitchen.
• Next is a small room.
• Miniature balcony with drying stick.

Space saving is evident in everything. This includes a kitchen built into a closet, placing plants on the walls, and a miniature bathroom. Well, the tradition of sitting on the floor, and, consequently, the lack of chairs and armchairs.

Entrance to the apartment

Kitchen in the closet

But some Western influence can also be identified, for example, the presence of a European bed or console under the TV.

More affluent people buy so-called family apartments (60-90 m2) or private houses on the outskirts.

🈵In Japanese houses, central heating is practically not practiced; instead, gas, electric, infrared and even kerosene heaters are used.

Countryside . Houses outside the city are less susceptible modern trends. Although many of them today are built on the model of Western society using know-how materials, it is still possible to draw an analogy with the traditional Minko.

Everyone decides for themselves to what extent their housing should correspond to classical Japanese culture and style.

Let us highlight several of the most common common features that are inherent in houses in the outback today:

• Minimum amount of furniture. Ignoring chairs and armchairs.
• Elevation of the floor half a meter above the ground.
• Free layout provided by movable screens (Fusuma or Shoji).
• High roof.

🈯The more prosperous the peasant, the more he enjoys the achievements modern science. Poor people in the village still make a roof out of thatch, sleep on a futon, and warm themselves at the kotatsu.

Frame buildings

Whatever global trends in architecture occur, the Japanese build only frame houses. This technology is simply necessary for them to survive in an earthquake zone.

A frame house is incredibly resistant to earthquakes; it seems to absorb and dampen them. There are known frame buildings that have survived for a thousand years large number earthquakes and suffered virtually no damage.

This technology has some advantages! They are relatively easy to restore when destroyed. These structures are lightweight; if they collapse, they high probability will not cause severe lethal damage.

There are three types of frame houses:

1. Wooden. These are traditional Japanese Minka, tea houses, temples;
2. Reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers.
3. Unusual futuristic buildings. Frame technology allows you to build fancy buildings unusual shapes and their combinations.

Unusual frame structure

Dome houses are the most modern Japanese technologies in the field of architecture and construction

They have unusual design in the shape of a hemisphere. It looks like alien earth settlements of the future.

The most unique thing is the material. Essentially, it's a home made of reinforced polystyrene foam! It endows these buildings with properties that are useful and necessary for the Japanese climate, such as strength and high thermal insulation. You can also avoid spending on the frame and foundation, which significantly reduces its cost.

In Europe, they are actively beginning to introduce this technology in the production of seasonal suburban housing.

At the end of the video on the topic:

Classic Japanese house- this is a symbol oriental culture and spirit. When depicting this architectural building you need to take into account its features in order for the drawing to turn out great. The image process itself house but can be divided into several stages.

Instructions

Prepare example images. In addition to standard photos house ov, find some drawings of samurai. After all, Japanese house symbolizes a strict and strong defender of his country. If you look, you will find some similarities in the samurai's equipment and the decoration of the building. Imbued with the idea house a-defender, you can more clearly convey the atmosphere of the building.

Start with general lines. Already at this stage you are putting into the drawing what it will be like in the end. Determine the number of floors, area house A. Japanese construction is unique in that it has no restrictions on the height of one floor, or in diameter, or in anything else. Simply put, you are free to decide the size issue yourself.

Draw the details of the structure. Depending on your choice, this may be small house ik made of bamboo or stone castle. It's worth pointing out these little things. It is best not to outline light, small buildings. Leave some transparency in the walls. Stone giants, on the contrary, must “press” with their massiveness and the inaccessibility of their walls.

Pay attention to the roof. It symbolizes the head and helmet of a samurai. Try to point it upward so that it seems to be looking into the sky, waiting for the sun to come.

Decorate house. You won't find Japanese house without hieroglyphs, protective dragons, sun symbols or other important elements of Japanese architecture. Fill your drawing with the same thing - for greater realism and believability.

For more atmosphere, fill the picture with the landscape of oriental nature. Japanese, mountains covered with snow-white snow combined with fast-flowing rivers are at your disposal.

Useful advice

Use pencils and paints for drawing. They can convey the spirit of the East much more expressively than other visual means.

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First of all, we draw the main lines. Most of them are straight, not enough are curved. Draw the contours of the base.

Now let’s add more detail to the drawing, lengthening the roof and bases.



Now you need to draw racks on the sides of the house and in the central corridor. Next, all that remains is to erase the unnecessary lines and simply decorate the drawing. We'll get something like this:



Japanese houses are very interesting in design, varied and unlike other houses.

But like other houses, they are characterized by clear lines in a pencil drawing. Their roofs have a peculiar shape - they have rounded ends.

For drawing you can use the following diagrams and samples:









You can draw these kind of unique houses.



The exclusivity of Japanese houses is in the roofs and windows. The roofs on the corners are raised up, and if it is multi-story, then each level on the corner looks up.



There are about 9 options for Japanese houses



Yes, pay attention to the windows, there are quite a lot of them, sometimes they take up the entire wall.



First, you should look at some photographs of Japanese houses on the Internet in order to get a little feel for their culture, architectural features, and unusual design. Also, most often near your home you can find sakura, which is also revered in Japan.

















Architectural structures in Japan are quite unique and interesting. Let's look at how you can draw Japanese houses.

1) Here is the first option, in my opinion an excellent view that will convey the atmosphere of the country:



2) Here’s another good option; using this sketch to draw a Japanese house is not at all difficult:



3) And one more option:



Each country has its own culture and traditions. The associations that arise with Japanese housing are a house with a curved roof, which is a symbol of a samurai. The roof is directed towards the sun.

However, there are even more unusual houses in Japan.

For example, a Japanese colorful house.



Japanese mountain house.



Japanese forest house



And they can even build houses on trees.



Therefore, we choose the type of building we like or a traditional house and first draw the building itself along straight lines, and then add elements to it.

Let's not forget that the Japanese love to decorate their homes with hieroglyphs, drawings of dragons, etc.

Take a sheet of paper. We designate the horizon line.



We roughly sketch out the frame of the house (it would be nice to have a couple of photographs of Japanese houses on hand)))



The Japanese house looks good in the landscape, let’s add something similar schematically.



Let's work on the details a little.



It's time to solve color issues. First, using large strokes, we create a color scheme.





To draw a beautiful Japanese house, first of all you need to have a sample image on hand. When I was lucky enough to visit Japan, I learned that the houses there are also different, both light, graceful buildings and massive stone giants. There are also small houses made of bamboo and larger ones made of stone.

The roof of a Japanese house is a symbol of the head and helmet of the samurai, and the house itself must be decorated with hieroglyphs, sun symbols or dragons.

To make the drawing more authentic, you can draw a landscape of Japanese nature. These are high mountains with snowy peaks, Japanese cherry sakura, decoratively trimmed trees, rivers, a huge rising sun red.



Japanese houses are very beautiful and unusual for Europeans. They look very impressive and slightly warlike. Most often they have one floor and slightly rounded edges on the roof. You can depict them like this: