Village - wooden world
Completed by an art and art teacher
I.V. Kurbakova
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 5
Nizhny Novgorod
2010
Village - wooden world
The beauty of our land is created not only by nature, but also by man. The huts were made of wood, hence the word “VILLAGE”
Northern villages
Types of northern huts
Red corner in the hut
In a Russian hut, usually oriented to the cardinal points, the red corner was located in the far corner of the hut, on the eastern side. Icons were placed in the “red” corner of the room in such a way that the icon was the first thing that a person entering the room paid attention to.
"Kurnaya" hut
Such a hut was heated by a stove without a chimney. The stove did not have an outlet for smoke and the smoke came out of the front part of it, filled the hut and exited (“smoked”) through the door. Hence the name - chicken
The foundation of the hut
The hut was installed directly on the ground or on poles. Oak logs, large stones or stumps were placed at the corners, on which the frame stood. In the summer, the wind blew under the hut, drying the boards of the so-called “subfloor” from below.
Lesson summary on fine art
Teacher: Gorshkova V.V.
Lesson topic: Village - wooden world.
Goals:
- introduce the teacherthose dealing with wooden architecture;
- consider diversityno rural wooden buildings;
- fobuild a constructive skill;
Strengthen interdisciplinary connections;
- developcreative abilities of students;
- cultivate interest in folk art.
Equipment:
materials: simple pencil, colored pencils, eraser.
clarity: sample drawing, picture.
Lesson progress:
I Organizational moment.
- Hello guys. Today's lesson fine arts I will spend with you, my name is VictoriaVladimirovna, have a seat
Check if everything is on your desks. You should have simple and colored pencils, an eraser.
Today we will go many years ago, and where, you will find out by reading the rebus. (Village)
Where do you think this word came from?
Let's go with you to the Russian village and turn into masters. So, everyone is ready. Take your seats and hit the road.
II Introducing a new topic.
1. Introductory conversation.
A long time ago, when Russia was called Russia, there were neither large cities nor modern stone buildings. There were only fields and dense dark forests. From time immemorial, Russia has been a forested country.
Our land is rich in forests,
And the forest in it is both structured and even.
Once upon a time both the walls and Kremlin towers,
And they were assembled from logs.
Wood was the most accessible material for creating household and household items. And, of course, Russian craftsmen built their homes from wood.
What was the name of such a dwelling? (Izba)
What was the meaning of this word in ancient times?
(This word sounded in ancient times as “istba”, “istokka”, i.e. a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as a reliable shelter from the cold.)
Guess the riddle and you will find out what kind of wood was used to build it.
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
I grow in height very evenly.
If I'm not on the edge,
The branches are only at the top of the head.
What kind of tree did you guess? (Pine)
Pine was the main material for construction.
What part of the wood was used in construction? (Trunk)
Various trunks were made from building materials: bars, boards, logs.
The men cut the hut from the logs,
Only one assistant is an axe.
But the ancient huts are still strong,
And the pattern on the shutters is subtle.
What tools were needed when building with wood? (Axe)
What is the name of the profession of a person who builds something from wood? (Carpenter)
Did carpenters have nails in the old days? (No)
How then were the logs and beams connected to each other? (Using cuttings)
Each row of logs fastened together formed a crown. Crown upon crown - and a cage or log house grows. Log houses are the basis of any construction in Rus'. If this log house was intended for housing, then it was called a log hut. Remember, what were called mansions? (Large huts, richly decorated) What about towers? (Tall structures with living quarters on top)
Guys, who can list the components of a Russian hut? (shown on the board)
(Log house, outlets, roof, ridge, pier, towel, ridge, brow, frontal board, platband)
Ancient masters invested deepest meaning not only in the construction of the house, but also in its decoration. How were Russian huts decorated?
(carved)
What components of the hut were necessarily decorated? (Pechelins, towel, front board)
What motifs were used in the carving? (Carved round rosette - a symbolic image of the sun, images of birds and horses, a horse’s head above the hut)
What meaning did the craftsmen put into decorating the hut? (Signs - amulets in the most important places seemed to protect from evil spirits)
The huts in the villages had never been painted or sheathed with anything before. People knew how to appreciate the amazing beauty and warmth of wood.
What other buildings can be found in the village? (Barns - for storing grain, sheds, wells, bathhouses, mills, richly decorated gates - entrance to the courtyard, church)
Construction skills were not born immediately, not suddenly. Where do you think the ancient masters got their experience and inspiration from? (From nature, passed down from generation to generation)
III Practical work
- Guys, let's start practical work. Pay attention to the step-by-step execution of the drawing.
IV Analysis of works
Groups take turns presenting their work.
Is the composition correct?
VBottom line
You and I have built an amazing village. And now let's go back. What do you remember about our trip to the Russian village today? What new interesting things did you learn?
From memories of A. Tvardovsky’s childhood: “Most people have a sense of homeland in a broad sense - home country, fatherland - is complemented by a feeling of a small, original homeland, homeland in the sense of native places, fatherland, region, city or village. This small homeland with his special appearance, with his even the most modest and unassuming beauty, appears to a person in childhood at a time of lifelong memorable impressions of the childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland that embraces all the little ones and in its great whole – one for all.” “For most people, the feeling of homeland in the broad sense - native country, fatherland - is complemented by a feeling of small, original homeland, homeland in the sense of native places, fatherland, region, city or village. This small homeland, with its special appearance, with its most modest and unassuming beauty, appears to a person in childhood at a time of lifelong impressions of the childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that great homeland that embraces all the small ones and in its great whole is one for everyone.”
My village stands on an unsteep hill, My village stands on an unsteep hill, A spring with icy water is just a stone's throw from us. Everything around me is joyful, I know the taste of water, I love with soul and body everything in my native land... I will see a lot - after all, life is still long, And probably more than one road awaits me; And only wherever I am, and no matter what I do, - You are in my memory and in my heart, dear side! G. Tukay G. Tukay
The author of the presentation is Sharipova Alfina Kasimovna - art teacher; Sharipova Alfina Kasimovna - art teacher; Municipal educational institution "Bardymskaya secondary school 2"; Municipal educational institution "Bardymskaya secondary school 2"; Highest category; Highest category; Teaching experience – 23 years; Teaching experience – 23 years;
Village - wooden world
- Kireeva Tatyana Ivanovna
- art teacher
- MBOU Dorogobuzhskaya secondary school No. 2
- Smolensk region
- Art lesson in 4th grade according to the program of B.M. Nemensky
- Russian home - IZBA
- Village - wooden world
- Sometimes the houses seemed to merge with their natural surroundings. Wood served as the main material in the construction of the house
- VILLAGE - tree
- STREET – “U-face”
- The main place in it is occupied by the stove, which is why houses are called huts - (from the words “istba”, “heat” - a warm place), i.e.
- A hut is a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as protection from the cold.
- The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which on a cloudy day looked like silver, and in the sun - like warm honey.
- Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. Crown upon crown - and a cage, or log house, grows.
- The huts are high, two floors
- Houses must have wooden floors, and sand in attics: everything is for warmth.
- Ground floor - podklet - protects against dampness, cold, floods
- They placed it near the hut cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored
- Near the cage were placed barns, well
- Gable roof - building cap. The higher it is, the easier it is for snow and rain to roll off it.
- The roof is crowned with a log - stupid
- Foolishness was perceived by the people
- as a protector of the peasant family
- stupid
- Closes the junction of the logs of the log house with the boards of the triangle under the roof front board
- The edges of the roof protrude, and their ends are covered with patterned boards - pricheliny
- The junction of the piers is closed by hanging down towel
- towel
- Often the windows of the house were decorated with carved platbands,
- shutters.
- Wood carving
- What does I. Bunin compare the Russian forest with?
- What words does the author use to describe the forest and the tower?
- Based on this description, tell me what character corresponds to the image of the Russian tower?
- The image of a Russian home is joyful, fabulous, hospitable!
- The forest is like a painted tower,
- Purple, gold, crimson.
- A cheerful, motley wall
- Standing above a bright clearing.
- Birch trees with yellow carving
- Glisten in the blue azure,
- Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,
- And between the maples they turn blue
- Here and there, in the foliage
- through
- Clearances in the sky, like a window.
- The forest smells of oak and pine,
- Over the summer it dried out from the sun,
- And autumn is a quiet widow
- Today I entered my mansion...
- I. Bunin
- Exercise:
- Draw an image of a Russian hut against the backdrop of Russian nature.
- The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different.
- There is a bogatyr hut - a wide, powerful house, and another high hut, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. Or you can find a granny hut with one window, nestled comfortably among tall trees, etc.
Educational project on fine arts “VILLAGE WOODEN WORLD” 4th grade Introduction Development educational project: VILLAGE - WOODEN WORLD Goals: - To foster love and interest in art - To develop creative and cognitive activity Objectives: - To involve in useful activities; - Develop aesthetic taste and observation skills. -Perceive and aesthetically evaluate the beauty of Russian wooden architecture. -Characterize the importance of the harmony of the building with the surrounding landscape. -Explain the design features of the Russian hut and the purpose of its individual elements. -Depict by graphic or pictorial means the image of a Russian hut and other buildings of a traditional village. -Master design skills - construct a model of a hut. -Create a collective panel (three-dimensional layout) by combining individually taken images. -Master the skills of collective activity, work organizedly in a team of classmates under the guidance of a teacher. Methodological passport of the educational project. Topic: Village - wooden world Class: 4th grade Lesson time: 4 lessons Form of work: lesson Project type: creative Equipment: For the teacher: presentation, drawings and photographs with types of folk wooden buildings, audio recording of bell ringing. For students: scissors, pencil, glue, paper, gouache, brushes. Working on a project. 1. Research stage - lesson 1 Purpose: to introduce you to the world of the Russian village; material for the construction of a Russian hut and its forms; explain the purpose of the home; capture the world of Russian housing in a drawing; introduce the terms “hut”, “log house”, “verb”, “purse”, “prichelina”, “towel”, “platband”, “horse”. Planned results: learn about the role of wood in construction; will repeat the specifics of Russian wooden architecture; get acquainted with various types of construction; create an image of a Russian home in a drawing; will practice skills in performing a creative task. Type of activity: drawing with wax crayons. Equipment: wax crayons, album sheet, drawings and photographs with types of folk wooden buildings. Kizhi - getting to know the buildings. Russian folk songs. NAMES OF MASTERS Geniuses of Old Architecture People of unclear fate! How your name and patronymic, the designer of the hut, whose hand sketched out its modest estimate? Your glorious name has been planed and hewn from the logs! Why didn’t you embed the name even into the curlicues of the carving? Lord save me! Do I really expect boasting: Here is a hut for you, God’s paradise - and that’s all! What do you care about our names? You are modest, you pretend, Architect of forgotten times, Its mica windows, You, who preceded Bazhenov, his Vesnin brothers! 1967 Leonid Martynov Components of a Russian hut: Types of houses: The verb type of the northern hut is shaped like the letter “G”. Utility premises are located at right angles to the residential premises. Koshel - all residential and utility rooms in such a house are grouped and combined into a single square log house. Its huge mass is covered by a common gable roof, and its top does not pass over the middle of the entire building, as is usually the case, but along the axis of the residential part of the house. Therefore, the roof slopes are different: one is short and steep, and the other is flat and long. The house really becomes like a wallet. A windmill is a complex engineering and technical structure. In order for the mill to start working, its wings must be installed using a yoke parallel to the wind. The movement from the rotation of the wings is transmitted to the central vertical riser, and from it by a transmission system to the millstones. Owning a mill was available only to wealthy peasants who paid for grinding in kind. The poorest peasants used hand millstones. Church. They built churches from pine without using iron nails. The domes were covered with silver aspen ploughshare. The only tool the peasants used was an axe. They not only cut down trees, but also made the most intricate and fine carvings. Well. Since ancient times in Rus', wells were treated with reverence. Various healing properties were attributed to well water. The well was treated as a place where one could renounce worldly worries for a while and be alone with oneself for a while. In Rus' there was even a special day for Fyodor Kolodeznik - June 21. This day was considered the most suitable for finding places where you can dig a well. Introduce the terms. Drawing of a Russian hut (log house), bell tower, well, church, mill. Material: colored wax crayons. Technological stage: lesson 2 Purpose: to repeat the buildings of Russian wooden architecture; consolidate knowledge about the use of wood in construction; identify images for their reproduction in design; master teamwork skills; perform the main and decorative details of Russian buildings in panels; introduce the terms “panel” and “scale”. Type of activity: paper design, applique, creation of panels with the image of a traditional Russian village. Expected results: skill teamwork, work in groups, mastering construction skills, will acquire knowledge about different forms of wooden buildings. The class is divided into creative workshops, usually 4 people, 5-6 workshops per class, they come up with the name of the workshop and the work is done by groups of children who construct models of wooden buildings from paper logs and work in an organized manner in a team. Paper logs are prepared - “lumberjacks”, the main ones in the workshop appear and they begin to lead everyone, there is a heated discussion and by the end of the lesson the already pasted works are handed in. The work is signed: the name of the workshop, the participants. Equipment: scissors, paper, PVA glue. Verb Purse Well Bell tower Church Mill 2. Intermediate stage-3 lesson. Goal: to master the skills of collective work, creating the image of a traditional village, a collective panel with the unification of group-made buildings. Type of activity: drawing and creating an image of a Russian village. Planned results: On two sheets of Whatman paper, the background of the future collective work is drawn, artists who work with gouache paints are selected from the groups, the rest prepare their work, cut it out and work with gouache. When all the works are ready, they are pasted onto the general background. Equipment: gouache paints, brushes, sponge, PVA glue, jars of water. 3. Final stage.-4 lesson. The image of a Russian person (Russian national costume). Objectives: -Acquire an idea of the peculiarities of the national image of male and female beauty. -Understand and analyze the design of Russian folk costume. -Gain experience emotional perception traditional folk costume. -Distinguish between the activities of each of the Master Brothers (Master of Image, Master of Decoration and Master of Construction) when creating Russian folk costume. -Characterize and aesthetically evaluate human images in the works of artists. -Create female and male folk images. -Master the skills of depicting a human figure. Purpose: to study images of women and male images in the paintings of Russian artists, repeat the skills of depicting a person with paints, teach the depiction of elements folk costumes, introduce the terms “kokoshnik”, “sarafan”, “dushegreya”, “kichka”, “kaftan”. Type of activity: drawing Planned results: depiction of female and male Russians folk images(individual work), development of human image skills. The cut out works are pasted onto a collective panel. Equipment: gouache, brushes, water, PVA glue. 4. Stage Reflection Lesson 1: -Name the type of work you did during the lesson? -What supplies did you need? -What material was the most common in Ancient Rus'? -What components of a log house do you know? -What other decorations were used in the construction of the hut? -What other buildings, besides the hut, were erected in Rus'? Lesson 2: - What is the name of the island on which the museum of wooden architecture is located? -Name the type of work you did in class. -What supplies did you need? -What is a panel? -What is rhythm in a panel? Lesson 3: -What is scale? -How did the word “street” come about? -What is the role of each of the three Master brothers in creating the image of the Russian village on the panel? Lesson 4: -Name the type of work you did in class? -What supplies did you need? -What rules must be followed when drawing a human figure? -What do the terms “kokoshnik”, “sarafan”, “dushegreya”, “kichka”, “kaftan” mean? -What details of folk costumes did you use in your works? -Did you manage to convey the characters of the people you painted? -What is the role of each of the three Master brothers in creating the image of the Russian people? Result: "What happened?" - the most interesting thing was... - I liked it... - what did we learn... - if I were a teacher, then... - what questions were the most difficult? Collective work of 4th grade students on the project “WOODEN WORLD VILLAGE”
