Further education of Oblomov and Stolz table. Literature lesson on the topic: "Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics." Stolz's attitude to life

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has become firmly established classical literature our country. Its originality art world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to embrace in his work the full image of an object, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of ​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns noble inactivity. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the businesslike spirit of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, what is essential in Oblomov’s character is his lordly spoiling, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the powerlessness of will and mind. The image of this hero under the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with pre-reform life landed nobility countries. The work was written more than 100 years ago, but it still attracts attention to this day. This novel is definitely classic work, created by the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to them in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization, at first glance, lacks appeal. In the novel, this hero appears as a man no longer in his first youth. He tried to serve in the past, but withdrew from all activities and became unable to return to them. Not only does he not want to do anything, but he doesn’t even want to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, or just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is disturbed only by visitors who come only to Oblomov for selfish purposes. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov’s characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to it later.

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts

Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a “new man.” From childhood, Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is a businessman alien to both official careerism and noble laziness, who is distinguished by a level of culture and such activity that at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchants. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among Russian business people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the scion of a half-German family. Stolz, however, received his upbringing from a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital’s university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, piers, and schools, the patriarchal “broken areas” will turn into income-generating, comfortable estates.

Views on Oblomov's life

It’s not just apathy that marks Oblomov’s characterization. This hero is trying to “philosophize.” Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of patriarchal life with the moral depravity of representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for his desire for careerism, lack of serious interests, and mutual hostility covered by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude to life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the “dream”, everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by “dream” he means not only rose-colored romance, but also all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the beliefs of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subject to analysis of practical truth, experience, is optical illusion or a fact to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The importance of love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship between these heroes and Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. That's why extraordinary personality The heroine of "Oblomov" was supposed to appear. In Olga Ilyinskaya we will not find any secular coquetry, no lordly quirks, nothing mannered, deliberately done for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as her natural freedom of action, word and look.

Both main characters created by Goncharov, in love relationships with this woman they fail, each in their own way. And this reveals the inconsistency of the author’s illusions in assessing both. Oblomov’s “honest and true” “golden” heart suddenly comes into question along with his integrity. Let us note that this hero, who has a “heart as deep as a well,” shamefully dissembles in front of the girl, citing the fact that he “warned her” about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich “died a long time ago.”

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrei Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov showing it Parisian life with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of views of his hero. In fact, he reduces it, since being interested in everything means not being interested in anything systematically, deeply, or seriously. This means learning everything from other people’s words, taking it from someone else’s hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Contrary to the will of the author, the story of the life together of these two heroes, which was supposed to be praise for Stolz, ultimately turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel seems to be only a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend or give his beloved woman happiness. Only the author's tendentiousness saves Stolz from complete collapse. After all, Goncharov (“Oblomov”) was on his side. The characterization of Oblomov, created by the writer, as well as the author’s voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

The weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. It’s not only Oblomov who is weak. The characterization of Stolz's hero is also not without this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become successors to the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving fundamental issues in the life of the country.

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, comparative characteristics Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, evoke sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, help to better remember the information. That's why comparison table Literature classes are often used as a type of work at school. When a deep analysis is required, it is better to abandon it. And this is precisely the task that faced us when creating this article.

1. Childhood impressions and personality traits.
2. Central ideas in worldviews.
3. Debunking myths.

In the novel “Oblomov,” A. A. Goncharov created images of two people, each of whom is in many ways a typical representative of a certain circle of people, an exponent of ideas that were close to the corresponding strata of their contemporary society. Andrei Stolts and Ilya Oblomov, at first glance, seem to have nothing in common, except for memories of childhood games. And yet, no matter how these characters in Goncharov’s novel are assessed, it is impossible to deny that they are connected by sincere, selfless friendship. What's the matter? Do the dreamy lazy man Oblomov and the calculating businessman Stolz attach so much importance to the past so that it continues to unite them in the present, when their paths, in fact, diverged? After all, they both met many other people in their lives. But old friendship, as is easy to see after reading the novel to the end, will survive even early death Oblomova: Stolz willingly takes upon himself the care of raising the son of his late friend.

Indeed, Oblomov and Stolz are strikingly different from each other in their lifestyles. In Stolz’s view, the essence of existence lies in movement: “Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” Oblomov, having not yet started any business, is already dreaming of peace, which he already has in abundance: “...Then, in honorable inactivity, enjoy a well-deserved rest...”.

For some time, Oblomov and Stolz were brought up together - in a school run by Andrei's father. But they came to this school, one might say, from different worlds: the undisturbed, once and forever established order of life in Oblomovka, similar to a long afternoon nap, and the active labor education of a German burgher, interspersed with lessons from the mother, who tried with all her might to instill in her son a love and interest in art. Little Oblomov’s tender parents were afraid to let him go further than his native porch, in case something happened to their beloved child: the child was used to living like this, giving up on alluring, but painfully troublesome adventures. Stolz’s mother, it should be noted, would willingly follow the example of Ilya’s parents; fortunately, Andrei’s father turned out to be much more practical man and gave his son the opportunity to demonstrate independence: “What kind of child is he if he has never broken his own or another’s nose?”

Both Oblomov’s parents and Stolz’s parents, of course, had certain ideas about how the lives of their children should develop in the future. However, the main difference is that Oblomov was not taught to set goals and go towards them, but Stolz perceives this need naturally and sensibly - he knows how not only to make a choice, but also to diligently achieve results: “Above all else he put persistence in achieving goals : this was a sign of character in his eyes, and he never refused to respect people with this persistence, no matter how unimportant their goals were.”

It is also important to note how Oblomov and Stolz approach life in general. According to Oblomov’s own feeling, his existence is becoming more and more like a fruitless wandering in the forest thicket: no path, not a ray of sun... “It’s as if someone stole and buried in his own soul the treasures brought to him as a gift by peace and life.” This is one of Oblomov’s main miscalculations - he subconsciously seeks to place responsibility, his failures, his inactivity on someone else: on Zakhar, for example, or on fate. And Stolz “attributed the cause of all suffering to himself, and did not hang it, like a caftan, on someone else’s nail,” therefore “he enjoyed joy, like a flower plucked along the way, until it withered in his hands, never finishing the cup to that drop of bitterness.” which lies at the end of all pleasure." However, all of the above does not yet shed light on the foundations of strong friendship between people so different in their habits and aspirations. Apparently, their sincere, warm attitude towards each other is rooted in the fact that both Stolz and Oblomov are inherently worthy people, endowed with many high spiritual qualities. It would seem that Stolz is a business man who should strive to benefit from everything, but his attitude towards Oblomov is devoid of any calculations. He sincerely tries to extract his friend from the swamp of apathy and inactivity, since Stolz is sincerely convinced that the existence that Oblomov leads is slowly but surely destroying him. As a man of action, Stolz always takes an active part in Oblomov’s fate: he introduces his friend to Olga, he stops the machinations of Tarantiev and Ivan Matveyevich, he puts Oblomov’s estate in order, and finally, he takes in the son of his early deceased friend to raise him. Stolz strives to do everything to the best of his ability to change Oblomov’s life in better side. Of course, for this to happen, Ilya Ilyich’s nature would first have to be changed, but only God can do this. And it is not Stolz’s fault that most of his efforts were in vain.

We can say that in Stolz everything that sleeps in Oblomov has reached a high degree of development: his implementation in business, his sensitivity to art and beauty, his personality. This, like Andrei’s sincere, benevolent attitude, of course, finds a response in the soul of Ilya, who, despite his laziness, has not lost his spiritual nobility. Of course, we see that Ilya Ilyich is ready to trust everyone who surrounds him: the scoundrel Tarantiev, the crook Ivan Matveevich Pshenitsyn. At the same time, he trusts Andrei, his childhood friend, incomparably more - Stolz is truly worthy of this trust.

However, in literary criticism and the minds of many readers there are still myths regarding the positive and negative in the images of Oblomov and Stolz. The unambiguity of such myths leads to the fact that Stolz is often interpreted as negative hero, whose main interest lies in acquiring money, while Oblomov is almost proclaimed national hero. If you read the novel carefully, it is easy to notice the flawed and unfair nature of this approach. The very fact of Stolz's friendship with Oblomov, the constant help that the supposedly heartless businessman tries to provide to his friend, should completely dispel the myth that Stolz is an anti-hero. At the same time, Oblomov’s kindness, “dovelike tenderness” and dreaminess, which, of course, evoke sympathy for this character, should not obscure from readers the unsightly aspects of his existence: the inability to organize himself, useless project-making and aimless apathy.

No matter how we feel about the heroes of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” we must remember that the author created images of living people, whose characters, of course, contain various qualities, both worthy and those that may not seem so to us. And yet one should not turn a blind eye to the fact that it is Stolz, who is sometimes regarded as a not very noble person, who works, brings benefit to himself and others, while Oblomov is not only not satisfied with the life of the peasants who depend on him, but also for himself sometimes it's a burden.

He came from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. Serfs worked for his parents. Oblomov was raised to be calm and idle (they were not allowed to pour ordinary water for himself, get dressed, or pick up a dropped item), the family had a cult of food, and after that - sound sleep.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Lazy, concerned about his own peace, kind, loves good food, spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable robe. Doesn't do anything and isn't particularly interested in anything. He loves to withdraw into himself and live in his created world of dreams and dreams. Has an amazing pure childish soul. Needs mother's love(which Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz

He came from a poor family: his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman, and his father was the manager of a rich estate. Stolz was raised by his father, he gave him all the knowledge that he received from his father: he forced him to work early, taught him all practical sciences, his father said that the most important thing in life is rigor, accuracy and money.

Characteristics of Stolz

He was strong and smart. Works hard, has great patience and willpower. He became a rich and very famous man. He was able to form a real “iron” character. He needed a woman of equal strength and views (Olga Ilyinskaya).

Appendix 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz