Biography. Russian Army in the Great War: Project File: Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch Bruevich Mikhail Dmitrievich

A talented engineer-inventor and outstanding scientist, who can rightfully be called the first radio operator of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich was born on February 9, 1888 (February 21, new style) in Orel.

Mikhail Alexandrovich's father was Alexander Ivanovich Bonch-Bruevich, an impoverished landowner of the Oryol province, who in 1896 transferred to technical work in the Kyiv Water Supply Administration. At the same time, his wife and four children moved to Kyiv. In Kyiv, they settled on the outskirts of the city, not far from the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, in a house with a large garden. The children entered educational institutions. Mikhail Alexandrovich's school grades did not always please his parents. He studied unevenly, in different schools, but quite successfully completed his secondary education at the Kiev Commercial School. Since childhood, Mikhail Alexandrovich was fond of reading popular works, mainly in the field of natural science, physics and technology. In the large garden adjacent to their house, he and his brothers set up a laboratory for chemical and physical experiments. This helped Mikhail Aleksandrovich, by the end of his high school course, accumulate a significant stock of knowledge and experience in the field of natural sciences, which went far beyond the school curriculum, and to some extent develop the intuition of an experimenter. All this strengthened his desire to enter a technical specialized educational institution. Circumstances were such that in order to continue his education, with the approval of his parents, he needed to enter the Nikolaev Military Engineering School; at the same time, the issue of serving military service was resolved.

It should be noted that among all the military schools of that time, this secondary specialized educational institution stood out for its rather democratic regime, the high cultural level of its teachers and noble traditions; Many outstanding figures of Tsarist Russia were educated there, leaving a deep mark on the history of science, technology and culture of our country.

At the time when Mikhail Aleksandrovich was enrolled as a cadet (junker) at the school, the composition of the teachers there was distinguished by advanced socio-political views and high education. In particular, Professor V.K. was a physics teacher for several years. Lebedinsky, a brilliant popularizer of exact natural science. He immediately appreciated the outstanding abilities of Mikhail Alexandrovich, and later fate bound them together for the rest of their lives.

Three years of study at the school left a deep mark on the development and character of Mikhail Alexandrovich. His college friend and close collaborator in scientific and technical work, Pyotr Alekseevich Ostryakov, figuratively talks about them in the biography of Bonch-Bruevich. This biography as a whole, naturally, has a subjective connotation and therefore does not even cover the main points of his creative activity; nevertheless, it is written so captivatingly that we can recommend that the reader turn to its original text without retelling its contents.

In 1909, after graduating from college and being promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich was sent to Irkutsk to the engineering troops of the 5th Siberian Engineer Battalion and achieved secondment to the 2nd Siberian Spark Company stationed there. At that time, its commander was Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Alekseevich Leontyev, who later became one of the leading employees of the NRL. He visited Germany at the school of the famous radio specialist Wurtz and became acutely aware of how quickly this, at that time, still new and promising branch of military communications was developing. He tried by all means to provide the officers subordinate to him with the opportunity to improve their qualifications and become familiar with new achievements in this area.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich took full advantage of this favorable environment and began to intensively study physics and mathematics on his own. His first serious experimental work, devoted to the influence of light on a spark discharge, dates back to this time. In 1911, Mikhail Alexandrovich was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and received the right to enter the Officer Electrical Engineering School in St. Petersburg, which was already a higher educational institution. He was enrolled the following year and, having arrived in St. Petersburg, again had the opportunity to renew his close personal connection with prof. V.K. Lebedinsky and other prominent specialists.

Mikhail Alexandrovich himself considered 1912 to be the first year of his independent scientific work. In March of the following year, he presented for publication his first work, begun within the walls of the Engineering School under the leadership of V.K. Lebedinsky. The following month, on the recommendation of professors V.K. Lebedinsky, V.F. Mitkevich and M.M. Glagolev, Mikhail Aleksandrovich was elected a member of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society, and his article was published in 1914.

This year, Mikhail Aleksandrovich graduated from an electrical engineering school with a diploma in electrical engineering and was assigned to the powerful military Tashkent spark radio station. However, on August 1, 1914, World War I began; it was necessary to strengthen radio communications with the allies; The construction of powerful transmitting radio stations in Tsarskoye Selo and Moscow, as well as military receiving stations for military and international relations, located at a considerable distance from them, was hastily begun. Mikhail Alexandrovich was appointed assistant to the head of such a hastily built receiving radio station in Tver (now Kalinin).

At that time, Russia's allies, as well as the Germans, were far ahead in terms of technical equipment of Russian military wireless communications, which were based on old-type spark transmitters. They already used undamped oscillations from machines and from arc generators and began to successfully introduce electronic amplifying tubes into the practice of receiving radio signals. Being interested in organizing joint military operations against Germany, they supplied, albeit rather sparingly, these lamps to Russian radio receiving points. At that time, in Tver, continuous oscillations of French and English long-wave radio stations were received on a ticker (mechanical interrupter) without tube amplification and therefore were forced to use a huge receiving antenna almost a kilometer long, suspended on three masts 110 meters high.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich understood what an exceptional role tube amplification of signals from distant radio stations could play and how necessary it was in this area to quickly free ourselves from foreign dependence.

While still in the laboratories of the Officer School, Mikhail Aleksandrovich tried to obtain permission to experiment with the manufacture of an electron tube on his own, but he was unable to convince the management of the urgent need to carry out this work. At the Tver radio station, taking advantage of his commanding position, he decided, at his own peril and risk, to try to make such a lamp using a homemade method. It was a bold attempt, the success of which experts did not believe: it required special equipment, vacuum technology and the participation of glass blowers of very rare qualifications.

Convinced of the urgent need to urgently solve this problem, Mikhail Aleksandrovich is looking for help everywhere, but only from the director of the lighting lamp plant, now the Svetlana plant, K. N. Dobkevich, he finds specific support and receives basic equipment. Mikhail Alexandrovich buys many parts and materials with his modest officer’s salary in stores, on the market and from private individuals. He manages to captivate several fellow officers and even some soldiers with his plans, who often provided him with selfless assistance through their personal labor.

However, he encountered sharp opposition from the head of the Tver radio station, Captain Aristov, and was forced to install the received equipment in his apartment with the help of his orderly A.V. Babkov, who had extraordinary abilities for fine manual work. At least the following can give an idea of ​​the difficulties that had to be overcome then. Direct current to rotate the small vacuum pump motor could only be obtained from a generator that served to charge the batteries, which was driven by a large gasoline engine - in other words, it was necessary to use all the energy resources of the station.

During this difficult time, Mikhail Alexandrovich invariably received significant help and moral support from prof. V.K. Lebedinsky, who firmly believed in the talent of his student and approved of his bold undertakings.

At the beginning of 1915, it was possible to produce the first proprietary vacuum tubes - they were called “cathode relays”. They made it possible to carry out tube reception of foreign radio signals and to develop receiving and amplifying devices. Loud-speaking reception of telegraph signals was soon achieved.

It was truly a brilliant success, especially considering the circumstances in which it was achieved. However, all this prompted the head of the radio station, Captain Aristov, to demand from the high command the urgent detachment and removal of Mikhail Alexandrovich from the station “for violating internal regulations.”

This was, as it were, an omen: Mikhail Alexandrovich repeatedly had to encounter such a negative assessment of his achievements from many governing bodies, and only an inner deep conviction in the correctness of his views and willpower supported him in his firm determination to achieve his goals.

An obvious misunderstanding of the military situation that prevailed at that time, expressed in the indicated demand of the head of the radio station, prompted the command to transfer Aristov to another job, appointing in his place a combat officer, Captain V.M. Leshchinsky, who previously served in the Siberian spark companies under the command of I.A. Leontyev.

With the arrival of V. M. Leshchinsky in Tver, Mikhail Alexandrovich received active support. The question of Mikhail Aleksandrovich’s urgent business trip to France was immediately raised to study the technology for manufacturing the most advanced so-called “French” high-vacuum vacuum tubes.

By a roundabout route, through Finland, Sweden and England, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich hastily traveled to France and within a month was able to familiarize himself with the basic techniques of radio tube technology. Without delay, he returned with a ready-made program for further work. During this time, V. M. Leshchinskoy officially attracted Professor V. K. Lebedinsky to participate in the scientific work of the Tver station, allocated the necessary three-room premises for experiments and a workshop, selected technical personnel, installed a separate engine, and even obtained permission from the Main Military Technical Directorate (GVTU) financed order for one hundred tube heterodyne receivers with domestic tubes designed by Bonch-Bruevich.

Thus was born the Tver “freelance laboratory”, which became the center of a number of developments and the creation of a broad plan for the development of wireless communications.

In 1916, it began producing both high-vacuum radio tubes and corresponding receiving devices. The industry also began to produce domestic radio tubes and simple radio receiving equipment. These were gas lamps ROBTiT (Russian Society of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony, founded by Eisenstein) of the N.D. Papaleksi system with low vacuum.

By this time, Mikhail Aleksandrovich had already managed to study the theoretical foundations of tube reception and physical processes in hollow receiving and amplifying tubes and developed the design of an original heterodyne radio receiver.

The Main Military Technical Directorate instructed M.A. Bonch-Bruevich to prepare for publication a short manual on the “use of cathode relays in radiotelegraph reception” - the first Russian manual on electronics. It was published in 1917.

In the second half of 1916, Colonel A.V. Vodar from the State Technical University attracted Mikhail Aleksandrovich, along with other specialists, to organize the high-frequency department in the new Central Scientific and Technical Laboratory of the Military Department in Petrograd. This allowed us to hope that the work begun in the “freelance laboratory” would gain momentum. In Tver, work did not stop and received significant support from the military command. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich and V.M. Leshchinsky worked simultaneously here and there. The small group of Tver enthusiasts was replenished with Petrograd specialists. Professor V.K. Lebedinsky has always been the ideological inspirer in developing plans for new research and in assessing the results achieved.

This was the state of Mikhail Alexandrovich’s works when the February Revolution occurred. It opened up new prospects for scientific and technical creativity for him and his comrades, posed new tasks and even more clearly confirmed the current significance of the scientific frontiers they had conquered.

That turning point in the life of a career officer, which is inevitably associated with a coup d'etat, left a deep imprint in the mind of Mikhail Alexandrovich. It was necessary to radically reconsider those life problems that seemed to have already been solved before.

The rotten regime of the tsarist government and his own experience of serving in the tsarist army had long ago convinced him of the inevitability of the impending catastrophe, nevertheless, it was not easy for an intelligent person to survive it. However, a strong hope for a bright future for the Russian people and the unanimous election of Mikhail Alexandrovich by the general meeting of the entire radio station staff to his former command position supported him in this difficult moment. His subordinates saw his selfless work for the benefit of the Motherland every day and appreciated his sensitive attitude towards people. They sincerely wanted the work begun to be completed. At the same time, the head of the radio station, V. M. Leshchinsky, and the leading officers were elected to their previous positions. This support from junior comrades, which differed so sharply from the attitude of the previous high command, made a strong impression on the young officers. She strengthened their decision to continue the great work they had begun at all costs. The research work received a new incentive and moral support for its successful and fruitful completion.

In Tver, a large series (about 3000 pcs.) of hollow-core lamps were manufactured, which later received the name “grandmother”, entirely from domestic materials, a large number of receivers (about 100 pcs.), assembled according to a complex scheme proposed by Mikhail Aleksandrovich, and called “cathode breakers"; He also developed the theory of processes occurring in a vacuum during lamp operation.

Meanwhile, after the transfer of power to the Provisional Government, the high spirits in the group of Tver radio operators began to give way to anxiety. GVTU was reorganized and moved from Petrograd to Moscow; The Central Scientific and Technical Laboratory was closed; there were no new orders; the soldiers were rushing home; supplies gradually ceased - the “freelance laboratory” was on the verge of destruction.

After the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Soviet government issued a decree on the transfer of all military radio stations with all property, supplies of materials and instruments to the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs.

V.I. Lenin became interested in the work of Bonch-Bruevich, who instructed the People's Commissariat for the Postal Service to organize the first Soviet laboratory.

This laboratory, with the direct assistance of V.I. Lenin, was organized in Nizhny Novgorod on December 2, 1918. M.A. was appointed scientific director of the laboratory. Bonch-Bruevich.

During the years of intervention and blockade, when the country was isolated from the outside world, the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory (NRL) became a true forge of radio inventions. Here Mikhail Alexandrovich’s talent unfolded to its full extent. The laboratory gained worldwide fame and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor twice (in 1922 and 1928).

Already in 1918 M.A. Bonch-Bruevich began production of the first Soviet vacuum receiving tubes in the laboratory, began to develop generator and modulator tubes, and in 1920 he manufactured the first 2 kW tube and completed the development of the first radiotelephone transmitter.

On this occasion, Vladimir Ilyich wrote on February 5, 1920 to M.A. Bonch-Bruevich: “I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude and sympathy to you for the great work of radio inventions that you are doing. The newspaper without paper and “without distances” that you are creating will be a great thing. I promise to provide you with all possible assistance for this and similar work. With best wishes V. Ulyanov (Lenin)".

In the same year, the Council of Labor and Defense instructed the NRL to build a central radio station with a range of two thousand miles.

While working on this task, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich improves the design of generator lamps, develops a 25 kW lamp and builds a twelve-kilowatt radiotelephone transmitter.

These achievements of his were ahead of world radio technology, which at that time did not have either such lamps or radio stations of similar power. Water-cooled generator tubes - the invention of Bonch-Bruevich - were then copied abroad.

The first radio concert was given in 1922 from Nizhny Novgorod.

Since 1923, the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory under the leadership of M.A. Bonch-Bruevich developed a number of new high-power lamps (up to 100 kW), built a 40-kilowatt broadcasting station in Moscow and 27 one-kilowatt broadcasting stations installed in various cities of the Soviet Union.

It is necessary to note the great role of Bonch-Bruevich in the field of short wave technology, where he was also a pioneer and initiator of their use for commercial radio communications, the first to introduce work with “day” and “night” waves, together with V.V. Tatarinov he designed directional antennas, developed their theory.

In 1929, the NRL was transferred to Leningrad and merged with the central radio laboratory of the Trust of Low Current Plants. Subsequently, a number of separate research institutes and laboratories arose on its basis. In Leningrad M.A. Bonch-Bruevich continued his scientific activities. He was elected professor of the Department of Radio Engineering at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications, worked on issues of radio communications in the Far North, and conducted research in the field of the ionosphere.

M.A. Bonch-Bruevich wrote and published over 80 scientific papers and books. He has patented and transferred about 60 inventions to industry. Under the leadership of Bonch-Bruevich, in 1932, for the first time in the USSR, the study of the ionosphere by the radio echo method was carried out.

In the last years of his life, Mikhail Alexandrovich was engaged in the practical application of ultrashort waves.

He graduated from the Kiev Commercial School, and in 1906 he was enrolled as a cadet at the Nikolaev Engineering School in St. Petersburg. After graduating from college (1909), he served with the rank of second lieutenant in Irkutsk, in the 2nd spark telegraph company of the 5th Siberian engineer battalion. With the rank of lieutenant in 1912, he entered the Officer Electrical Engineering School in St. Petersburg, after graduating from which (1914) he was appointed assistant head of the Tver radio station.

In his youth, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich became interested in radio engineering and, as an amateur, built a radio transmitter and radio receiver in 1906 according to the design of A. S. Popov. In the back room of the Tver radio station, he organized a workshop where he was able to organize the production of domestic vacuum tubes. Together with the workshop, in August 1918 he moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where he headed the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory (1918-1928), which united 18 of the best Russian radio specialists of that time. With its work in the field of radio tubes, radio broadcasting and long-distance communications on short waves, the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory played an outstanding role in the development of radio engineering. In 1918, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich proposed a circuit for a switching device with two stable operating states (this device was later called a trigger). Since 1922, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich has been a professor at the Moscow Higher Technical School, and since 1932 a professor of radio engineering, which was later named after him. On the instructions of V.I. Lenin, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich designed the world's first and most powerful radio broadcasting station named after the Comintern in Moscow at that time (1922). In 1919-1925. The scientist created the design of a powerful water-cooled generator radio tube and developed circuits for radiotelephone stations. Working on this task, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich improves the design of generator lamps, develops a water-cooled lamp with a power of 25 kW, and builds a twelve-kilowatt radiotelephone transmitter. These achievements of his were ahead of world radio technology, which at that time did not have either such lamps or radio stations of similar power. In 1924-1930 under his leadership, the features of the propagation of short radio waves were studied, the world's first short-wave directional antennas were developed and short-wave long-distance radio communication lines were built. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich also worked on issues of the physics of the upper layers of the atmosphere, studies of the ionosphere using the radio echo method (1932), ultrashort waves and their practical application, including in the field of radar.

In an effort to raise the level of training of radio amateurs, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich wrote articles about new radio engineering ideas. He knew how to put the most complex ideas into a visual, popular form; it was not for nothing that he was one of the most gifted students of the great popularizer of the exact sciences, Professor V. K. Lebedinsky (1868-1937). The scientist's articles on the propagation of radio waves, modulation theory, and the nature of negative resistance deserve special attention. M. A. Bonch-Bruevich wrote and published over 80 scientific papers and books. He has patented and transferred about 60 inventions to industry. M. A. Bonch-Bruevich is the author of the textbook “Fundamentals of Radio Engineering” (1936).

Ibid.) - Russian and Soviet surveyor, military theorist, participant in the First World War and the Civil War. Major General () of the Russian Imperial Army and Lieutenant General () of the Red Army. Doctor of Military and Technical Sciences. From the nobles, brother of Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich.

Biography

From the family of a land surveyor, a native of the Belarusian-Lithuanian nobles of the Mogilev province.

After the fall of the monarchy in 1917

In 1925 he organized the state technical bureau “Aerial Photography”.

Arrest and release

On the night of February 21-22, 1931, the OGPU was arrested by the OGPU in connection with a counter-revolutionary conspiracy against former officers. During interrogations, no measures of physical or moral coercion were used against Bonch-Bruevich. Maybe because of his brother, or maybe because his son Konstantin himself was a commissioner of the OGPU. Naturally, Mikhail Dmitrievich did not admit participation in any organizations. But he managed to testify against the former general and commander of the Southern Front of the Red Army Pavel Pavlovich Sytin, whom he accused of leading a counter-revolutionary officer conspiracy in the USSR GASBU, FP, d. 63093, t. 188, case of Bonch-Bruevich M.D., p. 84-89.. However, this did not significantly harm Sytin then; he was shot 7 years later Sytin, Pavel Pavlovich on the website Russian Army in the Great War.

In the end, on May 17, 1931, M.D. Bonch-Bruevich was released from prison, and his case “for lack of evidence of a crime” was dropped.

In 1937 he was awarded the rank of division commander Template:Grwar.ru, in 1944 he was promoted to lieutenant general.

Awards

Russian Empire

  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class (1900)
  • Order of St. Anne, 3rd class (1903)
  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd class (1906)
  • Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree (12/06/1910)
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree (06.12.1913)
  • St. George's weapon (09/22/1914)
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree (10/25/1914)

Essays

  • Intelligence. Security. Connection. 1909
  • Grounds for training the Russian army in peacetime. 1907
  • Army affairs and affairs. Collection of articles 1905-1910. Kyiv, 1911
  • Our loss of Galicia in 1915. Parts 1-2. M., 1921-26
  • Aerial photography. M., 1931
  • Dragomirov about the combat training of officers. L., 1944
  • All power to the Soviets. Memories. M., 1957

Notes

Unknown extension tag "references"

Literature

  • Bonch-Bruevich M. D. All power to the councils (memories). M.: Voenizdat, 1957.

Links

((#if: |
Date of death: Country:

Russian Empire →
USSR

Scientific field: Academic degree: Academic title: Alma mater: Known as:

founder of the radio tube industry

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich(February 9 (21), Orel - March 7, Leningrad, buried at the Bogoslovskoe cemetery in Leningrad) - Russian and Soviet radio engineer, founder of the domestic radio tube industry. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (). Professor of the Moscow Higher Technical School (), Leningrad Institute of Communications Engineers (), Doctor of Technical Sciences. He worked in the field of development and design of radio tubes, radio broadcasting and long-distance communications on short waves.

Biography

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich was born in the city of Orel on February 21, 1888. In his youth, he was interested in radio engineering and built a radio transmitter and radio receiver according to A. S. Popov’s design.

He graduated from the Kiev Commercial School, and in 1906 he was enrolled as a cadet at the Nikolaev Engineering School in St. Petersburg. After graduating from college, he served in Irkutsk with the rank of second lieutenant, in the 2nd spark telegraph company of the 5th Siberian engineer battalion.

M. A. Bonch-Bruevich performed his first scientific work on the theory of spark discharge in 1907-1914. It was published in the form of two articles in the Journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society. For this work M.A. Bonch-Bruevich was awarded the Prize. F. F. Petrushevsky.

With the rank of lieutenant in 1912, he entered the Officer Electrical Engineering School, after which in 1914 he was appointed assistant head of the Tver military receiving radio station for international relations. By the highest order of December 25, 1915, Staff Captain Bonch-Bruevich was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 3rd degree.

With the support of the head of the Tver radio station, staff captain V. M. Leshchinsky, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich organized a workshop in the back room of the radio station, where he was able to organize the production of domestic vacuum tubes. These lamps were used to equip the radio receiver, which was produced in the workshop of the Tver radio station by order of the Main Military-Technical Directorate of the Russian Army.

In 1916, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich manufactured the first cathode lamp in Russia; prepared the first Russian manual on electrical engineering.

Together with the workshop in August 1918, he moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where he headed scientific and technical work at the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory in -1928.

Under his leadership, the first powerful radio broadcasting station was designed and built in Moscow in 1922 (see Shukhov Tower), which began operating in August 1922 - the Moscow Central Radiotelephone Station, which had a power of 12 kW.

On May 22 and 27, 1922, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich organized test radio broadcasts of musical works from the studio of the Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory, and on September 17, 1922, the first broadcast concert in Europe from Moscow was organized.

In 1922, he made a laboratory model of a radio engineering device for transmitting images at a distance, which he called a radio telescope.

On October 5, 1924, Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, at a scientific and technical conversation at the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, announced a new method of telephony he had invented, based on changing the oscillation period. The demonstration of frequency modulation was carried out on a laboratory model.

Continuing to improve generator transmitting radio tubes and seeking to increase their power, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich and his colleagues managed in 1924 to develop and manufacture radio tubes with a power of 100 kW, unique for that time. At the Scandinavian-Baltic Exhibition, held in Stockholm in 1925, Bonch-Bruevich radio tubes aroused enormous interest among professional visitors to the exhibition.

In 1927, under the leadership of M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, employees of the Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory in Moscow put into operation the most powerful 40-kilowatt radio station in Europe at that time, “New Comintern”.

Monument to M. A. Bonch-Bruevich in Nizhny Novgorod

Until 1925, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich headed the department of radio engineering at the University of Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1926-1928 the department of electrical engineering.

In the mid-1920s, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, together with Nizhny Novgorod laboratory employee V.V. Tatarinov, began researching the use of short radio waves for radio communications. Having made sure that short radio waves are perfect for organizing both radiotelegraph and radiotelephone communications, the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory developed and designed equipment for this type of radio communication. In 1926, based on this equipment, a short-wave communication line between Moscow and Tashkent was put into operation.

During this period, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich also took part in the popularization of radio technology. He was the editor of the popular science film Radio, released in 1928.

At the end of 1928, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, together with a group of scientists and engineers, went to work at the Central Radio Laboratory of the Trust of Low Current Plants in Leningrad.

In Leningrad, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich worked on the problems of the propagation of short radio waves in the upper layers of the atmosphere and radar, and taught at the Department of Radio Engineering of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.

In 1931, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich was elected corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Memory

  • The St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications is named after Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich.
  • In May 2011, a bust of M.A. was installed on Minin Street in Nizhny Novgorod. Bonch-Bruevich.

Notes

Links

  • Profile of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich on the official website of the RAS
  • Elements of radio engineering. Part 1, 1938
  • http://www.zaharprilepin.ru/ru/rcn/2008/11/3522.html A monument to Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich will be unveiled in Nizhny Novgorod on February 27
  • http://schools.keldysh.ru/sch444/MUSEUM/1_17-20n.htm Pages of history. 1918
  • Kovaleva T. I, China Sh. D., Silenko D. V. M. A. Bonch-Bruevich. Outstanding Russian scientist and inventor, head of the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences // Publishing House of the Nizhny Novgorod State University. N. I. Lobachevsky, Museum of Science of the Nizhny Novgorod State University "Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory".

Categories:

  • Personalities in alphabetical order
  • Scientists by alphabet
  • Born on February 21
  • Born in 1888
  • Born in Oryol
  • Deaths on March 7
  • Died in 1940
  • Died in St. Petersburg
  • Doctors of Technical Sciences
  • Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
  • Bonch-Bruevichi
  • Buried at the Bogoslovskoe cemetery
  • Radio technicians
  • Scientists of Nizhny Novgorod

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from the hereditary nobles of the Mogilev province, born in Moscow in the family of a land surveyor. He graduated from the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, the Imperial Moscow University, the Moscow Infantry Junker School with a military school course in the 1st category with entry on a marble plaque (1892), two classes of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff and an additional course “successfully” (1898). Second lieutenant (Highest order 08/04/1892 with seniority from 08/05/1891). Lieutenant (from 12/06/1896 with seniority from 08/04/1896). Staff Captain of the Guard (for excellent achievements in science at the Academy of the General Staff, from 05/17/1898). Captain (from 05/17/1898). Lieutenant Colonel (Highest order 04/06/1903). Colonel (Highest order 12/06/1907). Major General (for military distinction in cases against the Austrians from 09/10/1914 with seniority from 08/21/1914). After completing a course of science at the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute with the title of survey engineer, senior surveying assistant and the right to the rank of X class and to wear a sign replacing the aiguillette, he was assigned to serve in the survey office as a senior surveyor assistant with a salary of 450 rubles. per year (08/22/1890). Sent to study at the Imperial Moscow University (mathematics department) with enrollment in additional courses at the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute (10/15/1890). Approved with the rank of X class (11/28/1890). Sent back to the boundary office (09/09/1891). He entered military service in His Majesty's 12th Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment as a private with the rights of a volunteer of the 1st category (09/01/1891). Sent to the Moscow Infantry Junker School with a military school course to complete science (09/10/1891). Arrived at the school and enrolled in the one-year department of the military school course (09/10/1891). Due to poor vision, it is allowed to wear glasses (02/12/1892). Promoted to non-commissioned officer (03/21/1892). Junior non-commissioned officer of the school (05/05/1892). As a graduate of the school course, he is the first to be listed on the marble plaque of the school. Released to the 12th Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment with assignment to the Life Guards Lithuanian Regiment. Sent to destination (08/08/1892). Arrived at the regiment (09/28/1892). Transferred to the Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment as a second lieutenant (from 08/30/1893 with seniority from 08/04/1892). Excluded from the list of ranks of the land survey department (11/23/1893). Obliged to serve 5 years in the military department from the date of promotion to officer, in return for compulsory service in the survey department. Sent to the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff to take the entrance exam, where he arrived (20. 08.1895). Enlisted (07.10.1895). Appointed to serve in the Kyiv Military District (05/23/1898). Went to the place of assignment (05/26/1898). Arrived (06/15/1898). Seconded to the headquarters of the 2nd Cossack consolidated division to occupy the position of senior adjutant (07/16/1898). Arrived (07/18/1898). Appointed senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Cossack consolidated division (order to the troops of the Kyiv Military District 07/31/1898 No. 158). Transferred to the General Staff as a captain with the appointment of senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Cossack consolidated division (Highest order 11/26/1898 with seniority from 05/17/1898). On a business trip to the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District for tactical training (03/01-11/1899). On a business trip to Kyiv by order of the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District to participate in a field trip of officers of the General Staff in the Kyiv province (04.05-25.05.1899). By order of the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District, he was sent to Novoselitsa for tactical training with officers of the Khotyn brigade of the Separate Border Guard Corps (06/14-28/1899). Vr.i.d. Chief of Staff of the 2nd Cossack Combined Division (01-22.08.1899). Chief officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District (Highest order 02/15/1900). Arrived (02/21/1900). Sent to conduct tactical training with border guard officers (02/26-03/15/1900). Participated in field trips of officers of the General Staff (04/25-05/10/1900; 04-27/09/1900; 04/20-30/1901). On a business trip to reconnoiter the area of ​​the big maneuvers of 1902 in the Kursk province (07/18-30/1901). On a business trip to Uman to participate in the commission to verify the mobilization readiness of the headquarters of the 44th Infantry Division (10.23-31.1901). Seconded for a one-year period to the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment to command a company (10/07/1900-10/09/1901). I.d. senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District (20.09-22.10.1902, approved by the Highest Order 13.12.1902). On a business trip to Minsk to collect statistical information about the Minsk district of the Minsk province (06-25.02.1902). Participated in a field trip of officers of the General Staff in the Chernigov province (05/09-18/1902). On a business trip to the town of Volochisk to conduct tactical training with border guard officers (07/20-08/01/1902). Participated in a large maneuver in the Kursk province in the Imperial presence, appointed to serve on assignments at the headquarters of the Southern Army (08.24-09.09.1902). Lieutenant Colonel with confirmation in his position (Highest order 04/06/1903). Participated in a field trip of General Staff officers (26. 04-17.05.1903). Participated in the general and mobile training camp of the Mezhibuzh camp (02-31.08.1903). Participated in a field trip of officers of the General Staff in the Volyn province (01-21.07.1904). Seconded to the Kyiv Military School to teach military sciences (09/18/1904). Arrived at the school (09/22/1904). He taught tactics, military history and topography. Seconded to the 129th Bessarabian Infantry Regiment to command a battalion (01.05-04.09.1905). Assigned to a camp training camp to the 42nd Artillery Brigade (03/15-07/14/1906). Participated in the commission at the headquarters of the Kyiv Military District to develop the issue of courses at the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (13.11-08.12.1906). Sent to the academy to give a lecture on tactics (telegram from the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions (GUVUZ) 08/31/1907; 09/09/1907). Arrived (09/15/1907). The period 09.18.1904-09.09.1907 is counted towards the period of educational service, which gives the right to a reduction in general pension terms. By order of the military department, he was appointed a temporary member from the Main Directorate of General Staff in the Troop Education Committee (03/22/1908). Staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Warsaw Military District (Highest order 09/03/1908). Excluded from the lists of the Kyiv Military School (09.09.1908). Chief of Staff of the Libau Fortress (from 10/21/1908). Staff officer, head of officers studying at the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy (from 01/09/1910). On secondment to the academy continuously (09.09.1907-09.01.1910). According to the Highest permission of December 30, 1910, secondment to the academy (09.09.1907-09.01.1910) was counted towards the period of educational service, giving the right to a reduction in general pension terms. The period from 01/09/1910 to 03/10/1914 was included in the period of educational service. He lectured on tactics in the senior and junior classes of the military academy (1907-1910 academic years). He lectured on tactics to captains of the rotating officer rifle school (1909-1913). Conducted winter and summer practical classes in tactics with captains of the rotating staff of the officer rifle school (1908-1913). He participated in the drafting and publication of the “Field Service Charter of 1912” under the general leadership of Infantry General N.V. Ruzsky (Charter approved by the Highest on April 27, 1912). On behalf of the Minister of War, he compiled the 1st and 2nd parts of a tactics textbook for military schools (the textbook was approved by the Minister of War in 1912). On behalf of the Minister of War, he compiled programs and instructions for teaching tactics in the junior and senior classes of military schools (approved by the Minister of War in 1912). On behalf of the Minister of War, he compiled the “Manual for Infantry Actions in Battle” in 1914 (Highly approved on 02/27/1914). On behalf of the head of the quartermaster academy, he lectured on the course “Quartermaster's Allowance for Active Troops” in 1911-1913. and conducted practical classes on the same course. On behalf of the head of the quartermaster academy, he compiled guidelines and instructions for winter and summer practical training on the course “Quartermaster's Allowance for Active Troops.” By order of military educational institutions of 1912 No. 168, he was appointed a member of the commission for the review of textbooks, manuals and general publications on tactics, history of the Russian army, military administration, military geography and topography, established at the State University of Higher Education. Seconded by the head of the quartermaster academy to supervise the practical training of students during large maneuvers in the Caucasus and Kiev military districts in 1912 and 1913. Appointed commander of the 176th Perevolochensky Infantry Regiment (03/10/1914). Went to the duty station (04/25/1914). Participant of the First World War (from July 25, 1914). Arrived and took command of the regiment (04/30/1914). He went on a military campaign with a regiment from Chernigov, becoming part of the 3rd Army sent to Austria-Hungary (07/25/1914). I.d. Quartermaster General of the 3rd Army Headquarters (08/07/1914). Went to the place of service (08/07/1914). Quartermaster General of the 3rd Army Headquarters (from 09/10/1914). Quartermaster General of the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Northwestern Front (09/17/1914). Initiator of the eviction of Jews from the front line. Appointed at the disposal of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Upon surrendering the position of Quartermaster General, he went to Headquarters (03/29/1915). At the disposal of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (since 04/01/1915). Chief of Staff of the 6th Army. One of the organizers of the falsification of the case against Colonel S.N. Myasoedova in espionage. I.d. Chief of Staff of the armies of the Northern Front (from 08/20/1915). At the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Northern Front (since 02/25/1916). Head of the Pskov garrison (from 03.1916). Member of the executive committee of the Pskov Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917). Vr.i.o. Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Northern Front (08/29/1917). At the disposal of the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (since 09/09/1917). Head of the Mogilev garrison (10.1917). Member of the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Mogilev. He was one of the first among former generals to recognize the power of the Bolsheviks and began to actively cooperate with them. Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (since 07. 11.1917, took office on 28.11.1917). He led the defense of Petrograd from the Germans (02-03.1918). Participant in the Civil War. Military leader of the Supreme Military Council (04.03-26.08.1918). Chief of Staff of the Supreme Military Council (from July 20, 1918). At the disposal of the SNK. Chief of the Field Staff of the RVSR (23.06-22.07.1919). Staff member of the commission for the study and use of the experience of the war of 1914-1918. (from 08/07/1919, according to other documents - from 09/01/1919), editor of the commission (as of 1921). At the disposal of the Chief of the All-Russian General Staff (since 08/31/1919). Head of the Higher Geodetic Directorate of the Supreme Council of National Economy (1919-10.1923). Director of the State Technical Bureau "Aerial Photography" (1924-1928). Arrested in the Vesna case. Reserve division commander. In 1942, without defending a dissertation, he was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, and in 1944 - Doctor of Military Sciences. Lieutenant General (1944). Member of the Academic Council of the Higher Military Academy named after. K.E. Voroshilov. Employee of the research sector of the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography and Cartography Engineers of the USSR Ministry of Defense (1949). Died in the USSR. Awards: St. Stanislaus 3rd class. (Imperial order 05/06/1900), St. Anna 3rd Art. (Highest order 12/06/1903), St. Stanislav 2nd Art. (“for labor incurred due to wartime circumstances” - 03/25/1906), St. Anna, 2nd Art. (12/06/1910), Bulgarian Order of Military Merit, 3rd class. (Highly authorized to accept and wear 01/10/1911), St. Vladimir 4th Art. (06.12.1913), St. Vladimir 3rd Art. (10/29/1914), St. George's weapon (“for energetic participation in the military operation during the capture of Russkaya Rava.” 09/22/1914). Medals: silver in memory of the reign of Emperor Alexander III (02/26/1896, on the Alexander ribbon), in memory of St. the coronation of their imperial majesties in 1896; light bronze in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812 (01/25/1913), in memory of the 300th anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov (03/31/1913) and for the general mobilization of 1914; gratitude from the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR (02/16/1926). Op.: All power to the Soviets. Memories. M., 1957. Married for the second marriage to the widow of the General Staff, Lieutenant Colonel Ovsyannikov, Elena Petrovna. Children from his first marriage: Tamara (08/19/1896), Konstantin (02/04/1898), Georgy and Alexander - twins (07/27/1900). Brother Vladimir (06/16/1873-07/14/1955) - manager of the Council of People's Commissars.