The biography of the dragoon is briefly the most important. Victor Dragunsky: biography. Brief biography of Viktor Dragunsky. Mature literary creativity

(1913-1972) Russian writer

Despite the wide popularity of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky, biographical information about the writer is scanty and fragmentary. It is known that Victor was born in New York. His father died early from typhus, and the boy was raised by Commissar Voitsekhovich. At the age of sixteen, Dragunsky’s work history began; he tried many professions: he was a worker, a saddler, a boatman.

For the first time he was able to realize himself as an actor when he entered the Literary and Theater Workshops, where A. Dikiy, V. Kachalov, V. Toporkov taught.

Since 1935, Victor Dragunsky worked as an actor at the Moscow Transport Theater (currently the N. Gogol Theater), the Satire Theater, and the Film Actor's Studio Theater. He also participated in circus performances and even starred in films, playing a small role in the film “The Russian Question”. Perhaps his work in the theater determined the special structure of his stories: each of them is built on dialogue and is a complete scene or miniature.

During the war, Viktor Dragunsky fought in the ranks of the people's militia. Returning from the front, he continued working in Moscow theaters. In 1948-1958 he led the ensemble of the literary and theatrical parody “Blue Bird”, which grew out of the skits that took place in the film actor’s theater studio. Together with his colleague in the Blue Bird, L. Davidovich, he tried to compose songs, and later collaborated with composers L. Lyadova and A. Tsfasman.

The literary biography of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky began in 1940, when he began to compose feuilletons, texts for reprises of clowns, scenes for variety numbers. His miniature “The Magical Power of Art”, which was performed by A. Raikin for some time, is famous. Dragunsky later collected some of his works in the book “Iron Character” (1960).

Fame came to the writer in 1961, when the first sixteen stories about a boy named Deniska appeared. Usually, Viktor Dragunsky named collections based on one of the stories - “He’s Alive and Glowing” (1961), “Tell Me About Singapore” (1961), “The Man with a Blue Face” (1963), “The Girl on the Ball” (1964), " The Ancient Mariner"(1964), "Deniska's Stories" (1966), "The Dog Thief" (1966).

Over a decade of active creative activity Dragunsky created more than 90 works. Based on them, scripts for films and productions were created (“Funny Stories”, 1962).

The image of Deniska is a collective one, intertwined in it are the features of his prototype - the writer’s son, and touches observed from children of the same age; perhaps, the childhood impressions of Viktor Dragunsky himself were reflected.

Deniska actively perceives the world, is in constant motion, something happens to him all the time, and he reacts vividly to what is happening. This unfading spontaneity lies the secret of the little hero’s charm.

The main thing for the writer is to study the behavior of a child and partly an adult in a specific everyday or everyday situation. Therefore, the narration is usually conducted in the first person, which gives it a special confidential intonation. Deniska is both a commentator and the protagonist of the stories.

Together with Nosov, Viktor Dragunsky managed to create a new type of story in which the comedy of the situation determines the arrangement characters and allows the author to come to the necessary conclusions. He does not teach or moralize, but simply presents possible options for behavior.

The author constantly distinguishes between the world of a child and the world of adults. Phenomena of the external world are explained through realities understandable to the hero. Deniska’s characterization is given in the stories “What I Love” and “What I Don’t Love,” which have become a kind of autobiographical characteristics writer. The author does not idealize Deniska; he shows both the strengths and weaknesses of his character. Denis is afraid of the dark (“Twenty years under the bed”), likes to wonder (“You must have a sense of humor”), loves to command and be a leader (“And us!”).

A special place among other characters is occupied by the image of Mishka’s childhood friend, which interestingly complements Deniska’s initial characterization (“What Mishka Loves,” “Childhood Friend,” “Space Distances,” “Exactly 25 Kilos,” “Fire in the Outbuilding”).

The stories of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky accurately convey temporary realities. While talking about the puppy, father and son dream of the time when they will live in a more spacious apartment. The characters enthusiastically play as astronauts, watch movies, and sing songs. Such details create the atmosphere of the action taking place in the sixties of the 20th century.

The typical nature of the situations created and the brilliant revelation of the child’s psychology do not allow the writer’s stories to become outdated. Using one-part sentences, rhetorical appeals, specific vocabulary, simple and vivid language, the author creates a dynamic narrative.

In addition to stories for children, Viktor Dragunsky wrote two stories, also created on a biographical basis, but addressed to an adult reader. The first, “He Fell on the Grass” (1961), is dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, the second - “Today and Everyday” - to the circus and circus performers.

The special moral lessons taught by the writer in his books attract new generations of readers.

Popular and beloved by many Soviet and Russian writer Victor Dragunsky was born in the United States - in New York - on November thirtieth, one thousand nine hundred and thirteen, into a family of Jewish emigrants from the city of Gomel.

Youth and family

The future writer’s mother, Rita Dragunskaya, and father, Yuda Pertsovsky, met in Gomel and got married there. Fearing Jewish pogroms, shortly before the birth of their son, they emigrated to the United States. However, they failed to take root in a foreign land, and in 1914 they returned to their homeland. In 1918, Victor Dragunsky, whose biography is full of tragic events, experienced the first blow - his father died of typhus.

After some time, Victor had a stepfather - Ippolit Voitsekhovich - the Red Commissioner. He died still very young in 1920. Two years later, the boy had another stepfather - theater actor Menachem Mendel Rubin. His family traveled half the country with him, accompanying him on tours. In 1925, they moved to Moscow, but this move did not bring happiness to anyone. After some time, his stepfather left the family and moved to the USA, where he became a theater director.

Aspiring actor

Victor Dragunsky, whose biography is inextricably linked with creativity,

As a seventeen-year-old boy, he became a frequent guest at Literary and Theater Workshops. Less than five years later, his acting debut took place on the stage of the Transport Theater. Today it is the N.V. Gogol Theater. It was at this time, surrounded talented people Dragunsky, whose biography is full of extraordinary transformations, became interested in literary activity.

For some time, at the same time, he worked in a circus. It should be noted that a healthy and creative atmosphere reigned in the theater. Victor was surrounded by actors just like him, young, talented, full of strength and desire to work. This is where the writer Dragunsky appears.

In a large acting group, where many famous stars worked, an aspiring artist could hardly count on frequent and constant employment in performances. Therefore, pretty soon the talented young man began to think about creating a small group of actors inside the theater.

"Blue Bird"

The work on creating a small studio did not take long, and very soon Dragunsky, whose biography again took a sharp turn, became the leader of a group of actors who demonstrated literary and theatrical parodies. The team was called "Blue Bird". He was destined to live from 1948 to 1958.

The “Birds” troupe was not limited to working with actors from their native theater; gradually artists from other Moscow institutions began to join it. Time passed, and the group gained popularity. They were often invited to perform at the Actor's House. Funny parodies and talented artists were a success with the public, so after some time Dragunsky was offered to create a similar group in Mosestrad, but certainly with the same name.

Viktor Dragunsky, whose biography gave him a meeting with Lyudmila Davydovich, came up with texts for the performances of the newly created troupe musical compositions. After a short time they became very popular and found their second life on the stage.

Since 1940, Dragunsky published his feuilletons and humorous stories, and in 1960 his book “Iron Character” was published, in which a short biography of Dragunsky was published for the first time. This is how readers became acquainted with the life and work of the author.

Dragunsky - children's writer

Since 1959, Viktor Yuzefovich has been writing a series of cheerful and funny stories about a cute boy and his friend Mishka Slonov. The entire cycle is called “Deniska’s Stories.” It is no coincidence that the name of the main character was chosen - that is the name of the writer’s son. At the center of these stories is the inquisitive and trusting Deniska and his antipode - comrade Mishka, a little inhibited and dreamy. All friends' stories are funny and dynamic.

Dragunsky - writer and screenwriter

Viktor Yuzefovich successfully worked not only for children's audiences. Unlike works for children, stories for adults focus on special attention details and certainty of the situation. They give the works rigidity. Their drama almost always turns into serious tragedy.

Despite the fact that during the war Dragunsky was in the militia, he was always concerned military theme. In 1951, the story “He Fell in the Grass” was presented to readers, dedicated to the first days of the war and the heroes who took the blow. Main character story, despite the fact that for health reasons he was not drafted into the army, he joined the militia.

In his works, Dragunsky does not give any assessments or criticize social reality, he simply describes human characters, from which it is possible to reconstruct the history of an entire generation.

In 1964, Dragunsky, whose biography includes some experience in the circus, published the story “Today and Everyday”, main character who works in the circus. The magnificent carpet artist Nikolai Vetrov can save the weakest program, make good fees even in the smallest provincial circus, but in real life he feels awkward and uncomfortable. The story has been filmed twice.

Personal life, family

Elena Kornilova is an actress who became the writer’s first wife. She gave birth to a son, Leonid, who later graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. For a long time he worked as a journalist for Izvestia and Nedelya. He became the author of such works as “Soviet Lifestyle!”, “Fairytale Power”, “Remain in Memory”, etc. Isaac Lvovich Dragunsky, the writer’s uncle, was the prosecutor of the Azov-Black Sea region. He was later shot.

The second wife of the writer was Alla Vasilievna Dragunskaya (Semichastnova). The marriage produced two children: daughter Ksenia and son Denis.

Ksenia Viktorovna Dragunskaya

In 1966, Viktor Yuzefovich and Alla Vasilievna had a daughter, Ksyusha. Today she is a famous Russian playwright, screenwriter, children's writer, and art critic. Ksenia Viktorovna is the author of plays that are staged by the most famous directors around the world. They can be viewed in academic theaters and underground basements, at student shows and in amateur studios.

The plots of her works are filled with sincerity, non-vulgar love and wonderful and subtle humor. The works of Ksenia Viktorovna are used for teaching students and training actors at the Moscow Art Theater School, RATI, VGIK, GITIS, University of Iowa (USA), at the school named after. Shchukin.

Denis Viktorovich Dragunsky

On December fifteenth, one thousand nine hundred and fifty, Denis Dragunsky was born, who in childhood became the prototype of “Deniska’s Stories”. In nineteen seventy-three he graduated from Moscow State University, Faculty of Philology. Until 1979 he taught Greek at the Academy of Diplomacy. Then he became a freelance writer, creating scripts for films and television films.

One of the writer’s plays was performed on the stage of the Mossovet for 18 years. Denis Viktorovich wrote about 80 scientific articles and reviews, more than 400 articles on political topics. They have been translated into German, English, Japanese and Italian. He wrote several scripts for films based on his father's works.

Today you learned a little about what kind of person and writer Viktor Dragunsky was. The biography (a short version of it) is presented in this article.

Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky (December 1, 1913 – May 6, 1972) – Russian Soviet writer and the author of many novels and short stories. He became popular and famous in the Union thanks to the series “Deniska’s Stories,” which later became known as “a children’s classic of all times.”

Childhood

Despite the fact that Dragunsky was always considered a native of Russia, he was born in the United States of America on December 1, 1913 in New York City. His parents were labor emigrants who, in search of better life and prosperity left their native Gomel and moved to America a year before the birth of the child. However, there they not only did not find what they wanted, but rather the opposite - they became disillusioned with life, after which in 1914 they decided to return to their homeland.

Since childhood, Victor has been accustomed to moving. As the writer admits, it seemed to him a common and even normal phenomenon to constantly change places of residence.

“As a child, I didn’t understand why my parents were so nervous and worried when moving to a new place. Later, I finally understood what exactly they expected from new countries and cities - a better life. That’s why we were constantly searching, although, frankly, fruitless.”

In 1918, Victor suffered a terrible loss. His father suddenly dies of typhus, leaving his wife and child without a livelihood. The mother, having grieved for some time, marries their revolutionary committee hometown, with whom he lives for a fairly happy and financially stable two years, after which Victor’s stepfather also dies. Two years later, Dragunsky’s mother married Menachem-Mendl Khaimovich Rubin, an actor in the Jewish vaudeville theater, for the third time.

After this, the family, following the new breadwinner, begins to travel around the country. Being quite a talented actor, Rubin tours and eventually comes to Moscow, where he meets his future stage colleague, Ilya Trilling. Having decided that the burden of a wife and child greatly interferes with a man’s career, Ilya persuades his friend to leave his family and start opening his own theater. Persuasion is not in vain, and in 1930 Rubin leaves the family.

Youth and the beginning of an acting career

As Viktor Dragunsky himself later admits, he had practically no childhood.

“Despite the fact that Rubin allowed my mother and I to live a good life and one might even say rich life, I saw that it would not last long - and it did. Therefore, throughout my childhood and adolescence I had to earn extra money here and there in order to save up for the future.”

Having received only a school education (and only a partial one), in 1930 Dragunsky enrolled in the “Literary and Theatrical Workshop” of A. Dikiy, where he began to appear on stage for the first time. The fact that this very year is the time of the dissolution of yet another marriage and poverty does not frighten Victor at all; on the contrary, it gives him strength and inspiration. And after 5 years he achieves his first recognition - he is noticed at one of the performances and invited to the Transport Theater.

Seeing family troubles and an unhappy mother, Viktor Dragunsky tries even harder to devote himself to creativity in order to protect himself from negative thoughts. So, he begins to independently invent stories, tales, fairy tales, compose small scenes and even plays, write feuilletons and humoresques. But the writer’s lack of experience as such forces him to turn to professionals, namely, circus performers, thanks to whom he subsequently begins to compose truly interesting and funny works. They also help him get a job at the Film Actor’s Theater, where Dragunsky is immediately offered several small supporting roles.

However, even being enough famous person, Victor sees that there are enough “star characters” in the Film Actor Theater even without him. And since he is not yet able to compete with them, in 1948 he decides to create a “Theater within a Theater” called “Blue Bird” in order to provide himself and other equally little-known actors with decent work. The idea immediately becomes popular and acquires more and more new colleagues on stage (albeit more professional actors). Within a few months, the “independent team” of young and talented performs for the first time outside of their native stage. They are invited to the Actor's House, where they learn from their own experience what real fame is.

However, the success of “The Blue Bird” ends in 1958, when the most talented of the actors, Viktor Dragunsky, is invited to Mosestrad. There he takes part in numerous productions and even writes the songs “Motor Ship”, “Beryozonka”, “Three Waltzes”, which later become almost hits on the national stage.

Journalism

Despite the fact that Dragunsky is engaged writing activity For many years, his works have been appreciated only by friends and theater colleagues. Victor begins to think about publishing manuscripts only in 1940, when he is offered to combine all the previously written feuilletons and humoresques into a cycle called “Iron Character,” which was published in 1960.

A year before the publication of his first cycle, Dragunsky suddenly realizes that he no longer wants to write humoresques and switches to children's stories. This is how the famous “Deniska’s stories” appear, the main characters of which are two friends. The stories almost instantly gained popularity and by 1960, Viktor Dragunsky was pleased with not one, but two of his own collections of works that had been published.

Personal life

In 1936, while working at the Transport Theater, Dragunsky meets actress Elena Kornilova, whom he decides to marry. The marriage produces a son, Leonid, who later became a famous and respected journalist. Having been married for 28 years, Dragunsky and Kornilova separate.

Dragunsky married for the second time in 1964 to Alla Semichastnova - talented writer, who in the future will even publish her memoirs about her husband “About Viktor Dragunsky. Life, creativity, memories of friends" (1999). In their marriage, they have two children: daughter Ksenia and son Denis.

Victor Yuzefovich Dragunsky was born on December 1, 1913 in New York. The parents of the future writer were Belarusian emigrants. The life of the Dragunsky family in America did not work out, so in 1914 they returned to Belarus to Gomel. This is where Viktor Yuzefovich spent his childhood. In 1918, a tragedy occurred in Dragunsky’s short biography - his father died of typhus.

In 1925, the boy, his mother and stepfather moved to Moscow.

The beginning of creative activity

Viktor Yuzefovich's family was in a difficult financial situation, so he had to go to work early. Since 1930, Dragunsky began to attend the “Literary and Theater Workshops” of A. Dikiy. In 1935 he was accepted into the troupe of the Transport Theater (now the N.V. Gogol Theater). Later, Dragunsky worked in a circus and for some time played at the Satire Theater.

In addition to the theater, Viktor Yuzefovich was attracted literary activity, he wrote humoresques, sideshows, feuilletons, sketches, circus clowneries, etc. In 1940, Dragunsky’s works first appeared in print.

In 1945, Viktor Yuzefovich was invited to work at the Theater-Studio of Film Actors. In 1947, Dragunsky, whose biography was not full of film roles, starred in the film “The Russian Question” directed by M. Romm.

"Blue Bird"

In the theater, roles were mainly distributed among famous actors, so Dragunsky, as a young artist, could not count on constant employment in performances. In 1948, Viktor Yuzefovich created a parody “theater within a theater”, calling it “Blue Bird”. Soon L. Davidovich, Y. Kostyukovsky, V. Dykhovichny, M. Gluzsky, M. Slobodskoy, L. Sukharevskaya, R. Bykov, V. Bakhnov, E. Morgunov and others joined the troupe. For some productions, Dragunsky wrote song lyrics.

The Blue Bird Theater became famous in Moscow. The troupe was repeatedly invited to perform performances at the Actor's House. In 1958, the theater ceased its activities.

Mature literary creativity

In 1959, the works of the writer Dragunsky for children from the series “Deniska’s Stories” appeared in print for the first time. They brought the author great popularity. Many of the stories were filmed.

On May 6, 1972, Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky died in Moscow. The writer was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

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