The author glorifies the saints by creating ideal images. Ideological and artistic originality of “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia. constant epithets

Sections: Literature

1) instill a culture of discussion in the classroom, the ability to defend one’s point of view, and the ability to listen to the interlocutor.
2) develop the ability to work with text (working with a pencil);
skill in analyzing an episode, the ability to draw up a text plan based on the main episodes;
3) training in comparative and comparative analysis of working on a text (working with a table).

Lesson progress:

Ermolai-Erasmus

The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom

Objective of the lesson:

Get acquainted with a work of ancient Russian literature.
Determine the problems of the story.
To identify the innovation of Ermolai-Erasmus in creating the character of the heroine.
Expand the concept of an episode of an epic work.
Develop analytical skills and written speech.

Survey based on the material covered.

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” - is it a folklore or literary work? Why?
Can this work be called a hagiography?
What does “story” mean, why is this work called a story?

Analysis of the work.
To what type does “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” belong?

What does epic gender mean? Its main signs?

What signs of the epic type can be identified in “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia”?

What does the concept “episode” mean?

Highlight the main episodes in the work.

Working with the text of a work.
(Completing and checking homework)

Main episodes of the story:

Devil's Tricks
Why does the serpent's death happen?
Death from Peter's shoulder and Agrikov's sword.
Agrikov's sword has been found.
The serpent is killed.
A wise girl from the village of Laskovo.
Fevronia's condition and healing.
Conspiracy against Princess Fevronia.
“Give me what I ask!”
Fevronia's insight.
Return to Murom and a happy reign.
“The time of death has come.”
Miracles with the bodies of Peter and Fevronia.

Analysis of an episode of an epic work.

1) Title the episode.
2) Indicate what place this episode occupies in the work (at the beginning, at the end, major or minor).
3) The role of the episode in revealing characters or in developing the plot.
4) The characters in the episode, what character traits each person displays.
5) Does the episode contain a landscape or a description of the interior, the objective world; their role.
6) How the writer’s style is manifested in the episode, what is characteristic of him.
7) Linguistic features of the episode - analysis of the language used by the author.

NEW LESSON TOPIC

A cool essay of an analytical type on the topic “The image of man in folklore and ancient Russian literature.” Reading monuments of ancient Russian literature is extremely useful when the soul asks for something unusual.

A. S. Demin

Consolidation of the studied material.

Peter and Fevronia are historical figures. They reigned in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century and died in 1228. The story is based on a local legend about a wise peasant girl who became a princess.

Main features of the story
.

The story is similar to a life, but the content of the work differs from the canonical life.
Find signs of life in the story.
What does the beginning of the story remind you of?
Find other signs of a fairy tale in the work.

Working in a workbook.

Signs of a fairy tale	Features of life

What unusual did Peter’s servant notice in Fevronia’s house?
How does Fevronia answer the servant’s questions? Why can’t he understand anything in the words of the tree frog’s daughter?
Find in the text of the story episodes in which Fevronia’s intelligence, her piety and loyalty are manifested.
What quality does the author emphasize in her character in the first place?
Who does Fevronia turn to in difficult times?
What character traits of the heroine do you find most attractive?
Why do miracles happen after her death?

General Air "Savior not made by hands" with the upcoming view. 1389
.

“...At that time she was finishing the embroidery of that holy air: only one saint’s mantle had not yet been finished, but she had already embroidered the face; and she stopped, and stuck her needle in the air, and wound the thread around it with which she was embroidering...”
Read the ending of the story.
What impression does it make?
Find elements of these genres in the structure of the story.

Fill out the table:

Signs of a fairy tale

Features of life

Fairytale beginning.
The first part is similar to a folk tale about a tempting snake, the second is like a fairy tale about a wise maiden.
There is a fairy-tale hero, the tempting snake.
Good conquers evil. Peter defeats the serpent.
There are riddles and ingenious test tasks.
There are magical things: Agrikov's sword.
There are constant epithets (“the crafty serpent”, “the wise virgin”).

The author glorifies the saints by creating ideal images. (Peter - pious, saint; Fevronia - saint, reverend, blessed).
There is a word of praise for the saints.
The heroes’ love for God, life according to the “commandments of God.”
Miracles that the hero performs (Fevronia heals the sick).
Unusual death and posthumous miracles.

To create the images of Saints Peter and Fevronia, the author uses elements of several genre forms at once - a historical story, a magical and everyday fairy tale, but the main form is hagiography.

Find elements of these genres in the structure of the story.

The story, borrowing elements of a fairy tale and creating vivid, memorable characters, is not only an example of the pious life of Russian princes, but also a storehouse of worldly wisdom.

Topic –
love story.
Idea of the work
is that love is a great, all-conquering feeling.
Trinity Cathedral in Murom, where the relics of St. Peter and Fevronia

On July 8, Orthodox Christians celebrate the feast of Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom Wonderworkers

Trip to Murom for the holiday of Peter and Fevronia (07.07-08.07.2006)

Morality is the same in all ages and for all people. By reading about obsolescence in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves.

Regional state special (correctional) educational institution for students,

pupils with developmental disabilities

special (correctional)

general education boarding school of type V

Zernograd, Rostov region

Open literature lesson in 7th grade

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom. Fate and character of heroes"

Prepared and conducted:

Skidelo O.S., Russian teacher

Technological support of the lesson:

information technology, ICT;

person-oriented technologies;

technology of education of spiritual culture;

technology of pedagogical cooperation;

technology for the development of critical thinking through reading and writing (RCMP).

Teaching methods:

creative reading method;

illustrative method;

heuristic method;

search method;

method of analysis and synthesis.

1. Educational:

introduce students to the world of the ancient Russian story about “Peter and Fevronia of Murom”;

show the genre originality of the Tale..." as one of the means of creating the images of Peter and Fevronia;

reveal the images of Saints Peter and Fevronia;

help students understand the views, morals, morality of past centuries;

show the enduring value of love as a great force that elevates a person.

2. Developmental:

develop the skill of reading into the subtext of a work, the ability to quote;

 develop analytical learning abilities, logical thinking, oral and written speech;

 improve characterization skills of heroes.

3. Educational:

 cultivate moral qualities: kindness, devotion, loyalty in friendship and love, the ability to forgive;

 cultivate a respectful attitude towards the culture of the native country and native language;

 through music to cultivate the aesthetic taste of students.

Vocabulary work: saint, morality; metropolitan, “Great Menaions,” pious, righteous, monasticism, canonization; fairy tale, story, life; venerable, blessed, humble; merciful.

Lesson equipment:

 Worksheets;

 Computer presentation for the lesson.

 Exhibition of works of ancient Russian literature and reproductions of paintings (icons).

 Audio recording of a church hymn.

 Audio recording of the song “Peter and Fevronia” performed by the “Peresvet” choir..

 Fragments from the film “Peter and Fevronia. A story of love and fidelity." Episodes “The Messenger in the House of Fevronia”, “The Death of Peter and Fevronia”.

Lesson progress

Organizational moment.

Hello guys, sit down! I am glad to see your good mood for our lesson today. Good discoveries to you!

Psychological preparation for the perception of works of ancient Russian literature

Many of you guys have been to church. Let us once again plunge into this holy silence and gaze into the faces of the saints.

Church hymns sound. Reproductions of images of ancient Russian icon painting are slowly alternated using multimedia equipment - Slide 1-7

Do you think the images on the icons are images of real personalities, ordinary people who once lived, or unreal, fictitious ones?

(These are ordinary people, but they were extraordinary in relation to the people around them, they had a high sense of philanthropy).

Why did they become saints? (People canonized them as saints because they were examples of moral and spiritual values.

Who is a saint? (A saint is a person who has dedicated himself to God.)

That's right, guys. A saint is a person who has dedicated himself to God, who does good and hates evil, who has earned special gifts from God for his love and faith, for example, the gift of miracles. Slide 8

III. Lesson topic message.

The history of Christianity contains the names of many people who became famous for their kindness, honesty, firmness in faith and courage in suffering.

Today in the lesson we will for the first time touch on the work of Ancient Rus' - the pearl of ancient Russian literature, the heroes of which are the saints - the spouses Peter and Fevronia. Slide 9

The topic of our lesson: “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom.” The fate and character of the heroes. Slide 10

We have already become acquainted with this work.

The purpose of our lesson today: - to consider the genre originality of “The Tale...”; Let's try to determine what the hero of ancient Russian literature is like, what his character is; Let's try to compose a spiritual portrait of Peter and Fevronia, which will help us understand the morality of past centuries and evaluate the ideological content of the story.

Working with an epigraph. Slide 11

An expert on ancient Russian literature D.S. Likhachev said:

Morality is the same in all ages and for all people.

By reading about obsolescence in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves.

How do you understand this statement, which is the epigraph to our lesson, and what is morality?

(Morality is the norms of behavior accepted in society. To be moral means to follow these unwritten rules: to be honest, kind, etc. Norms of behavior, spiritual, life values are the same at all times for all people. By reading ancient books in detail we can find a lot for yourself)

We will return to our epigraph at the end of the lesson. And now let’s move to the ancient Russian state, to the distant 16th century, and find out who wrote this wonderful work “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia”, what is its background? Overview to V. Petelin and A. Yurova. Slide 12

V. The history of the creation of the story. Individual messages from students.

(in costumes of medieval Russians)

Petelin: The 16th century... is the time of the formation of a unified Russian state.

The unification of Rus' was followed by the unification of Russian culture. Under the leadership of Metropolitan Macarius (Slide 13), a collection of the lives of all the saints of the Orthodox Church is being compiled in order of months and days - 12 huge volumes. It was called “Great Chetya Menaion” (Slide 14) (TRANSLATED FROM GREEK – MONTHLY READINGS). And Macarius instructs the priests to collect legends throughout the Russian lands about righteous people famous for their pious deeds.

The old town of Murom was famous for its legends. (Slide 15) 23 Orthodox saints were born, lived and reigned here. No other city in the world can boast of such an achievement. (Slide 16) But the most poetic of the Murom legends was the tale of a wise maiden who became a kind and fair princess. It served as the basis for the story. Slide 17 Pskov Priest Ermolai (monastically Erasmus) literary processed local legends and created a story about Peter and Fevronia of Murom.

Yurova: Peter and Fevronia are real historical figures. Slide 18 Prince Peter ruled in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century. He married the peasant woman Fevronia in gratitude for the fact that she cured him of a disease that no one could cure. They suffered a lot of malice from the boyars, but lived happily until the end of their days. Having grown old, they both took monasticism and died on the same day and hour, June 25, 1228. Slide 19

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” became the favorite reading of medieval Russians. It was written after the canonization of Peter and Fevronia at the Moscow Church Council in 1547. Slide 20 150 copies of the story have been preserved, in which this story is presented in many versions.

Guys, in the speech of our Russians we encountered the words Slide 21: metropolitan, “Great Four Menaions”, pious, righteous, monasticism, canonization.

Let's remember what they mean?

Metropolitan is a clergyman of the highest level in the Russian Orthodox Church, subordinate to the head of the church (patriarch).

“The Great Menaions” is a collection of the lives of all the saints of the Orthodox Church.

A pious person is a person who honors God and keeps his commandments.

A righteous person is a saint who lived not in monasticism, but in ordinary conditions of family and social life.

Monasticism is literally “solitary, lonely residence,” monasticism; monk - Orthodox monk.

Canonization is canonization.

When was “The Tale...” written? (It was written after the canonization of Peter and Fevronia at the Moscow Church Council in 1547.)

Who commissioned “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” to Ermolai-Erasmus? (Metropolitan Macarius)

VI. Genre originality of the story. Features of fairy tales, lives and stories in pr-i.

The story of Peter and Fevronia is a special work. It is known that Metropolitan Macarius still did not include the life he commissioned in the collection “Great Cheti-Minea.” Why? Slide 22 We will find the answer to this question by considering the features of the genre of this work. Slide 23-1

What genre features are present in the work? (fairy tales, stories and lives)

What is a fairy tale? (A fairy tale is a folklore work with a fictional attitude)

What types of fairy tales do you know? (magical, about animals, everyday)

Define the story.

A story is an epic work that is smaller in length than a novel and larger than a short story. There are several storylines here.

What is life? (Life is a story about the lives of saints.)

What is their purpose? (The purpose of the lives is to glorify the saint.)

Name the types of lives. (Types: - “martyrdom”, describing the martyrdom and death of a saint;

Life-bios (describes the life of a saint from birth to death)

What structure did the lives have?

The lives had a certain structure:

Introduction, which explained the reasons that prompted the author to begin the story.

The main part is a story about the life of the saint, his pious parents, how faith in God awakened, about suffering in the name of God, the death of the saint and posthumous miracles.

The life ended with praise to the saint.

Now let’s check your background and hear what features of a fairy tale, story and life you found in the work?

List the fairytale elements of this story.

The beginning of the story is reminiscent of a fairy tale: “There is a city in the Russian land... Once upon a time a prince named Pavel ruled in it...”

The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday tale about a wise maiden.

As in all fairy tales, there is a fairy-tale hero - the tempting snake.

According to the laws of a fairy tale, Good always defeats evil: Peter defeated the serpent.

There are riddles that fairy tale heroes often have to guess. For example: “It’s bad when the house has no ears and the room has no eyes.”

Tricky test tasks (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bunch of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log)

Magical objects (for example, Agrikov’s sword, on which the Serpent dies)

Constant epithets (“the crafty serpent”, “the wise maiden”).) Slide 23-2

What features of the story are present in the work?

historically accurate place names;

the story of the boyars mired in civil strife is told;

details of everyday life / description of chambers, healing, beekeeping, boyar feasts /. Slide 23-3

Name the features of life in this work.

What epithets does the author reward the heroes with? Peter - blessed, blessed, holy, glorified, reverend, humble, sincere. Fevronia - holy, wise, wonderful, blessed, reverend. -What do the words “blessed”, “venerable” and “humble” mean?

Blessed - good, kind.

Reverend - a saint among monastics.

Humble - a quiet, meek person, calm and even in disposition; not angry, kind person.

The heroes' love for God, the heroes' reverence for the Bible.

Miracles that the heroes perform (for example, Fevronia heals the sick, bread crumbs turned into incense, dead stumps became lush trees in the morning). - Slide 23-4

What is the genre uniqueness of this work? What genres does the author use? (The author uses elements of several genres at once: historical story, fairy tale, hagiography.)

Name the main genre of this work. Prove it. Or maybe someone thinks differently. (The main genre is hagiography, since it tells about the lives of saints.)

Why didn’t Metropolitan Macarius include the life he commissioned in the collection “Great Cheti-Menaia”? Slide 24 (Pr-e does not represent a canonical (traditional) life. There is no story here about pious parents, about how faith in God awakened, about suffering in the name of God.)

You're right guys. The work does not represent a canonical life. The test of heroes affirms earthly love, family values, and not monastic feat in the name of God. Literary scholars define the genre of a work this way: it is a hagiographic tale with elements of a folk-fairy tale nature. Slide 23-5

VII. Characteristics of the images of the main characters.

Let's move on to the analysis of thin. images The purpose of our conversation is to create a spiritual portrait of the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia (Slide 24), which will help us understand the ideological content of “The Tale ...” and better cope with our homework - creative work related to these beautiful images.

Open your notebooks. Write down the topic of the lesson. Divide the notebook sheet into 2 equal parts. In the left column you will have to write down all the positive traits of Peter, in the right - all the positive traits of Fevronia.

Characteristics of Peter

Let us turn to the image of Peter.

You guys know that a person in the literature of this period is either a positive image or a negative one. Does the image of Peter fit this statement? Prove it.

(No. He has both positive and negative traits. On the one hand, he defeats the werewolf snake, goes to church, prays, suffers illness, but on the other hand, he decides to deceive: he did not immediately marry Fevronia, although he gave his word. )

What prevents him from doing otherwise?

(Pride is one of the sins that does not allow Peter to do otherwise. He considers himself superior to a simple peasant girl.)

Who helps the hero recover from this illness? (Fevronia helps Peter gain victory over the evil in himself, or rather, the power of Fevronia’s love.)

What qualities, according to Fevronia, are needed to be cured? Find it in the text. (Kindness and low arrogance)

To be not arrogant means to be what? (Meek, humble)

From the story about Peter, she knows that he fought with a serpent, which means what character trait does he have? (With courage)

What are the qualities of a real male character, according to Fevronia? (Courage, kindness, meekness, humility are the real qualities of a man’s character).

Does Peter have them? Let's write them down.

What other traits are revealed in Peter’s character? (Faith in God, wisdom, love for people, love and loyalty to loved ones, justice)

Name the hero’s actions that confirm these qualities. Prove it with text.

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Morality is the same in all ages and for all people. Reading about the obsolete in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves D. S. Likhachev.

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” was written in the late 40s of the 16th century by a well-known writer and publicist at that time, who later became a monk under the name Erasmus.

Genre (from the French Genre - genus) Historically established type of literary or folklore work (fairy tale, story, drama, etc.) Genre (from French Genre - genus) Historically established type of literary or folklore work (fairy tale , story, drama, etc.)

Genres of Old Russian literature chronicle story word apocrypha circulation life-glorification of the life of a saint (hagiography)

Basis Lives of real biographies of historical figures

BUT! Ideal images were created like this:

conditional biographies in accordance with the traditional scheme:

1. birth from pious parents 2. early monasticism 3. religious feat 4. blessed death and miracles at the tomb 5. a word of praise to the saint

What are the obligatory elements of the life of a saint? Obligatory praise in honor of God, with which life begins. Praise to the saint himself. The story of the miraculous birth of a saint. The saint's miracles are necessarily described in his life. The life also ends with the glorification of God.

The plot of the life Features of the image of the saint The plot is based on a story about the life of a man glorified by the Church as a saint. The main purpose of the life is to substantiate the reason for recognizing this person as a saint, to describe his exploits for the glory of faith and the Church. There is no movement, growth, or development of character in life. He is holy from the moment of birth, he is God's chosen one. And in this sense, he has no biography, the author has nothing to tell.

Genre originality of “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom”: story, fairy tale? life? “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” was written in the late 40s of the 16th century by a well-known writer and publicist at that time, who later became a monk under the name Erasmus. Find features of life or elements of a fairy tale in the work.

Work in groups Features of life 1. The author glorifies the saints, creating ideal images. (There are praising epithets: Peter - pious, holy; Fevronia - saint, reverend, blessed, blessed). 2. There is a word of praise for the saints. 3. The heroes’ love for God, life according to the “commandments of God.” 4. Miracles that the hero performs (for example, Fevronia healed the sick). 5. Unusual death and posthumous miracles.

Signs of a fairy tale 1. Fairytale beginning.2. The first part is similar to the folk tale about the tempting snake, the second - to the fairy tale about the wise maiden. 3. There is a fairy-tale hero - the tempting serpent. 4. Good overcomes evil, as Peter defeats the evil serpent. 5. There are magical things: Agricov’s sword. 6. There are riddles that heroes of fairy tales often have to guess. 7. There are clever test tasks (Peter’s task to sew a shirt from a bunch of flax and Fevronia’s task to make a loom from a log). 8. In the language of the “Tale” there are constant epithets (“the crafty serpent”, “the wise maiden”).

This work contains elements of a magical and everyday fairy tale, and elements of hagiography, and elements of a historical story. The “Tale,” meanwhile, is not a fairy tale at all. What then? Life. But special. Not about the chosen ones. It is about how anyone can, or rather, will be forced to become a saint. God compels. He forces those who love Him (or are capable of loving Him) and do not resist reciprocal Love. It is distinguished from traditional lives, written strictly according to the canon, by its entertaining plot and narration, unique psychologism, folklore overtones, fairy-tale character of fantasy, and much more. This explains that the work of the learned monk Ermolai-Erasmus is often called not a life, but a story. And yet, if this is a story, then it is a hagiographic story.

Theme Idea Pathos The theme is a love story, not a biography of a saint, there are no descriptions of suffering. The theme of an ideal married life in the world and wise government. The idea is not religious, it is not to show the ideal of a righteous man, a true servant of God. The idea is that love is a great, all-conquering feeling. Pathos - affirming the power of love, and not just glorifying the saint. The composition does not contain a story about pious parents, about how faith in God awoke, about suffering in the name of God, about serving God.

Composition The first part is a story about the exploit of Peter. What feat did he accomplish? He finds a wonderful sword and fearlessly enters into battle with the enemy. Before us is the type of behavior of a Christian man in a critical situation: he does not ask himself whether it is worth defending his brother-prince, a defenseless woman and the principality itself, since trouble has come, his destiny is to fight. It is not for nothing that Peter, in search of a miraculous sword, turns to God, and it is in the temple that the miraculous youth (angel) points to the location of the weapon - in the altar church wall. . In other words, the sword is consecrated and guarded by God’s powers.

Treasure Sword Agrikov sword Treasure Sword is the name of the weapon of several heroes from Russian folklore. They could be magical and give the owner invincibility. Usually they fell into the hands of the owner from some hiding place. With the treasure-sword, many heroes have killed vicious and dangerous snakes.

The second part is a story about the exploits of Fevronia, the daughter of a simple Ryazan tree climber (beekeeper).

Highlight the main episodes in the work The Devil's Tricks. Why does the serpent's death happen? Death from Peter's shoulder and Agrikov's sword. Agrikov's sword has been found. The serpent is killed. A wise girl from the village of Laskovo. Fevronia's condition and healing. Conspiracy against Princess Fevronia. “Give me what I ask!” Fevronia's insight. Return to Murom and a happy reign. “The time of death has come.” Miracles with the bodies of Peter and Fevronia.

Analysis of the episode Composition of the episodes Composition of the first story of the story: Opening: the kite flies to the wife of Prince Paul. The plot: it turns out that only Prince Peter can kill the snake. He must kill the serpent who has the appearance of his brother. Denouement: after the blow with the sword, the snake appears in its real form. Ending: Prince Peter falls ill.

Work in groups Make compositional plans for other episodes and prepare a condensed retelling of them Composition of the third story: Beginning: the boyars are dissatisfied with the low origin of the princess. Plot: the boyars demand the expulsion of Fevronia; she receives permission to leave with the prince; the prince agrees. On the way, Prince Peter begins to doubt whether he did the right thing by leaving Murom. Denouement: the next day, the envoy of Murom, who caught up with Peter and Fevronia, asks them to return. Ending: Peter and Fevronia return to Murom and rule there until the end of their days.

How do you imagine the life path of Prince Peter? In the story, Peter goes through a difficult path of spiritual renewal. The path of healing of the main character of “The Tale” can be represented by the following seemingly paradoxical scheme: marry = reconcile = heal with soul = heal with body. Indeed, the hero triumphs over the external evil of the world, embodied in the image of the tempting serpent, in the name of the honor of his brother, and the saint - over the internal evil of pride in the name of the dignity of man, every man, man as such.

What main feat did Peter accomplish in the second part of the story? The second part is no longer devoted to a military feat and a duel with the external force of evil, the main thing in it is the spiritual victory over one’s sinfulness and gradual not physical, but spiritual healing. “The development of the plot of the story is the steps, stages of the gradual moral insight of Peter, leaving the world of earthly passions into the world of eternal truths” N.S. Demkova.

How did Fevronya help Peter win a spiritual victory? Fevronia helps Peter gain victory over the evil in himself: it is no coincidence that at the first meeting she appears busy weaving, and before her death she is busy with embroidery, this indirectly emphasizes her connection with fate. But her omniscience is ensured not by the gift of witchcraft, but by the power of love. As academician D.S. writes Likhachev: “The life-giving power of Fevronia’s love is so great that poles stuck into the ground bloom into trees with her blessing. Crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of sacred incense. In the strength of her love, in the wisdom, as if suggested to her by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than even her ideal husband, Prince Peter.”

The meaning of the parable episode from the life is “the miraculous revival of stumps.” What does this episode symbolize? The literal meaning of this episode is to confirm the miraculous gift of the holy virgin Fevronia, for she acts not according to her own understanding, but according to God's permission. Allegorical - indicates that the exile of Peter and Fevronia will end with a return to Murom and the restoration of the princely title and princely power, just as life is returned to the stumps. Symbolic, taking on other meanings, indicates that, having lost everything in this life, Peter and Fevronia will gain eternal life, for death for them is the path to immortality. And yet, to the last limit, this miracle remains a mystery.

Peter and Fevronia, having chosen each other once and for all, begged God “to die at the same time. And they bequeathed that they should both be placed in one tomb, and they ordered that two coffins be made of stone, with a thin partition between them.”

“Foolish people,” of course, will not understand this and will try to bury them separately, because shortly before their death, Peter and Fevronia took monasticism, and therefore took a vow of celibacy. But God judged differently. “And again in the morning the saints found themselves in a single tomb,” Ermolai-Erasmus will triumphantly repeat. Great power holds them in a single field of Love.

About 300 years after their death, Peter and Fevronia were canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church, and now their relics rest in the Holy Trinity Convent in Murom.

Many pilgrims visit the Holy Trinity Convent in Murom to venerate the honorable relics of Saints Peter and Fevronia, who, by the will of God, rest in a single tomb.

Test And when the servants wanted to load their property from the shore onto the ships, nobles came from the city of Murom and began to say: “Mr. Prince! From all the nobles and from the whole city we came to you, do not leave us orphans and return to your father’s throne. Many nobles died in the city from the sword. Each of them wanted to rule, and they destroyed themselves. And the survivors, together with all the people, pray to you, saying: Mr. Prince, we angered you and irritated you, because we did not want Princess Fevronia to dominate our wives. , now we, with all our houses, are your slaves, and we want you, we love you and we pray, do not leave us, your slaves!” Blessed Prince Peter and blessed Princess Fevronia returned to their city. And they reigned in that city, living according to all the commandments of God without blemish, being in unceasing prayer, and they were merciful to all the people under their authority, like a child-loving father and mother. They loved everyone equally, did not tolerate pride or oppression, and did not save perishable wealth, but grew rich from God. They were true shepherds of their city, and not mercenaries. They ruled the city with truth and meekness, not with rage. They welcomed strangers, fed the hungry, clothed the naked, and delivered the poor from misfortunes.

A1. What is life? 1) a historical narrative, which was conducted over the years 2) an extensive narrative in verse or prose about outstanding national historical events 3) biographies of clergy and secular persons canonized by the Christian Church 4) a literary narrative work with a plot less complex than in a novel. A2. What happened after the Prince and Princess of Murom left Murom? the city began to prosper, civil strife began in the city 3) nothing has changed 4) enemies burst into the city.

A3. Explain the meaning of the word “perishable.” A4. In the phrases “they were merciful”, “blessed prince”, “blessed princess”, “perishable riches”, “true shepherds” the highlighted words are: 1) metaphors 2) personifications 3) epithets

Tasks that require writing a detailed answer of limited scope. When completing them, try to formulate a direct answer to the question posed (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences) based on the text. Avoid lengthy introductions and characteristics of B1. What epithet does the author use to characterize Peter and Fevronya? Reveal the meaning of this word. B2. How do you understand the meaning of the words: “They ruled the city with truth and meekness, and not with rage”?

Municipal educational institution "Bessonovskaya secondary school"

Belgorod district, Belgorod region"

Literature lesson

“Our heart will keep love and loyalty”

(based on “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom”)

S. Bessonovka

Lesson topic: “Love and fidelity will heal our hearts” (based on “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” by Ermolai-Erasmus”)

Target: show the significance of “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” in the formation of moral family values

1. Educational:

identify the problems of the story;

determine the techniques for creating an artistic person in Ancient Rus';

improve your hero characterization skills.

2. Educational:

cultivate moral qualities: kindness, devotion, loyalty in friendship and love, the ability to forgive;

cultivate a respectful attitude towards the culture of the native country and native language.

3. Developmental:

develop logical thinking, oral and written speech, communication skills (work in groups);

develop research skills.

Lesson type: lesson - research (using interactive techniques)

Vocabulary work: blessed, righteous, pious, blessed, cancer with relics.

Equipment: multimedia projector, computer.

Homework (preliminary): assignments for groups, individual.

The lesson is accompanied by a multimedia presentation

Appendix 1

Lesson progress

Organizational moment.

Hello guys, hello dear guests.

Approach to the topic of the lesson. Intrigue.

Do you think the attitude towards the main truths in human life can change over the centuries or does it remain unchanged?

What, in your opinion, is the most important thing in life?

But here’s what so many different people who lived in different eras think about this - Blessed Augustine (4th-5th centuries AD) and Academician D. Likhachev (20th century)

Epigraphs:

All virtues are nothing more than love in different forms.

(Blessed Augustine)

Morality is the same in all ages and for all people. By reading about obsolescence in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves.

(D. Likhachev)

Pay attention to the topic of our lesson. It sounds like this: “Our heart will be healed... and...”. Write it down in your notebook.

Guys, what does the verb “heal” mean and who is called a “healer”? Let's look into V. Dahl's dictionary

*Heal - free someone from illness, cure, restore health.

Healer – one who heals someone. (V.I. Dal)

What can heal a person's heart?

Tell each other in pairs.

Write the answer options on the petals.

We will return to your answers a little later and will be able to restore the topic of today’s lesson: “...Our heart will heal.....and.....”. A work that will help us answer these and other questions is one of the most beloved and most read works of ancient Russian literature of the 16th century - “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” by Ermolai - Erasmus.

Objective of the lesson: Today in class we will talk about human relationships, try to understand what the author wanted to tell us, what problems worried the writer of the distant past, and determine what the genre of this work is.

III . Educational research. Group performances.

To solve the outlined tasks, allow me to open a meeting of the Academic Council. The members of the Academic Council are literary scholars, linguists, historians, and art critics. Each group received its own topic for research. Each group will present the results to us.

The story is one of the masterpieces of ancient Russian literature, it has entered the treasury of world culture and the name of its author should be among the most prominent writers of the Russian Middle Ages.

Who wrote this work? What's his backstory?

A word to our historians.

1. Speech by “historians”.

Let's fast forward to the distant 16th century - the time of the formation of a single Russian state with the capital city of Moscow. The unification of Rus' was followed by the unification of Russian culture. Under the leadership of Metropolitan Macarius, an extensive - 12 huge volumes - collection of all that is being compiled, i.e. books read in Rus'. This meeting was called "Great Chet-Minea". Menaia from mineos (Greek) - month.

And then there are monthly readings. In the "Great Chetya-Minaia" stories about the lives of the saints of the Orthodox Church were presented in order of months and days. A Russian proverb says: “A city cannot stand without a saint, a village cannot stand without a righteous man.” And Macarius instructs the priests to collect legends throughout the Russian lands about righteous people famous for their pious deeds. Priest Ermolai received an assignment to write a life about the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia.

Who are they - Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia? Does history know such names?

We found out that the chronicle does not know the Murom prince Peter and his wife Fevronia, and folk tradition identifies them with the Murom prince David, who married the peasant woman Euphrosyne in gratitude for the fact that she healed him of a disease that no one could cure. Ermolai - Erasmus literary processed the local legends about Peter and Fevronia and the legends about the flying snake - the werewolf and the wise maiden. However, besides the name, the city of Murom there are other historical realities.

Let us remember what historical objects are found in the story? I say the name, and your task is to remember which hero it is associated with or in which episode it appears:

The village of Laskovo, Ryazan land

Church of the Exaltation of the Honest and Life-Giving Cross

Cathedral Church of the Holy Mother of God

City Cathedral Church of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin.

Thus, having examined the historical realities, we are convinced that it was important for the author to emphasize the authenticity of the events that he talks about in his work.

IV .Speech by “literary scholars”.

As is known, Metropolitan Macarius did not include the life he commissioned in the collection “Great Chetya - Menaion.” Why?... The answer lies in the research of creative groups of students - literary scholars who worked to identify the features of the genre of a given work: “Fairy tale? Life? A story?

1 group of literary scholars - fairy tale

A fairy tale is a folklore work with a fictional attitude.

After reading “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia,” we identified the following features of the fairy tale:

The beginning of the story is reminiscent of a fairy tale: “There is a city in the Russian land... Once upon a time a prince named Pavel ruled in it...”

The story begins with an event that, undoubtedly, came here from a fairy tale: the Serpent began to fly to the wife of Prince Paul and seduce her.

The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday tale about a wise maiden. As in all fairy tales, there is a fairy-tale hero - the tempting snake.

According to the laws of a fairy tale, Good always defeats evil: Peter defeated the serpent.

There are riddles that fairy tale heroes often have to guess. For example: “It’s bad when the house has no ears and the room has no eyes.”

Tricky test tasks (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bunch of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log)

Magical objects (for example, Agrikov’s sword, on which the Serpent dies)

Constant epithets (“the crafty serpent”, “the wise virgin”).

Thus, the features we have identified that are characteristic of fairy and everyday fairy tales allow us to classify “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” as a folklore genre.

But it should be noted that as the plot develops, the images of Peter and Fevronia increasingly begin to acquire the features of Russian saints.

2nd group of literary critics - life

Hagiographic literature was very popular in Rus'. The word "life" means "life." Lives were works that told about saints - statesmen and religious figures, whose lives and actions were regarded as exemplary. That is, the life is a biography of the saints.

The lives had a certain structure:

Introduction, which explained the reasons that prompted the author to begin the story.

The main part is a story about the life of the saint, his death and posthumous miracles.

The life ended with praise to the saint.

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” is written in the form of a hagiography - it is an artistic biography of people canonized by the church.

In the course of our work, we identified the following features of the hagiographic genre:

There is a word of praise to the saints: “Let us, according to our strength, give praise to them... Rejoice, venerable and blessed ones, for after death you invisibly heal those who come to you with faith!..”

The heroes' love for God, the heroes' reverence for the Bible.

Miracles that the heroes perform (for example, Fevronia heals the sick, bread crumbs turned into incense, dead stumps became lush trees in the morning).

Unusual death and posthumous miracles (faithful spouses not only died on the same day and hour, but also did not separate after death; at the place of their burial, believers receive healing from the most serious illnesses).

The story uses vocabulary characteristic of spiritual literature: blessed, giving alms, commandments of the Lord, loving children, etc.

But, as we can note, in the story there is no structure of the work traditional for the hagiographic genre (only the ending is a classic example of hagiography).

3rd group of literary critics - story

The genre of the work is defined in the title: “Tale”. During the study, we identified the following genre features:

Specific locations of action are indicated: the city of Murom, Ryazan land, the village of Laskovo. This gives the story credibility.

The heroes of the story are real people.

The prince, before starting treatment, wants to test Fevronia’s wisdom and gives her impossible tasks. In a fairy tale, such tasks are completed with magical speed. Not so in the story. Fevronia responds to a crafty task with no less crafty ones.

For example, Fevronia wraps a thread around a needle: “...At that time she was finishing embroidering that holy air: only one saint’s mantle had not yet been finished, but she had already embroidered the face; and she stopped, and stuck her needle in the air, and wound the thread with which she was embroidering around it...” This detail shows Fevronia’s amazing peace of mind with which she decides to die with her loved one. The author said a lot about her with just this gesture.

The personality of the peasant woman comes to the fore

Theme of social inequality

The story of boyars striving for power who killed each other in civil strife.

Thus, this work contains elements of a historical story!

So what is the genre of this piece? Is this a folklore or literary work?

Write down the conclusion in your notebooks: “To create the images of Peter and Fevronia, the author uses elements of several genre forms at once - a historical story, a fairy tale and a fairy tale, the main form being hagiography.”

V . Analysis of the story.

1. Return to the topic of the lesson.

Guys, you read the story carefully and thoughtfully. What do you think it's about?

Let us restore the words missing in the title of the topic. You can do this by solving the crossword puzzles that are on your desks. (Solving crossword puzzles).

Are you ready? What keywords did you come up with? (love and fidelity).

2. Images of Peter and Fevronia.

You and I know that it was no coincidence that Peter and Fevronia became the heroes of the story. For the writer, Prince Peter is the embodiment of fair princely power: by talking about the reign of Prince Peter, the author showed what this power should be like. But he also showed an example of married life, fidelity and faith. Life according to God’s commandments, a person’s conscious desire to do good is the most important thing for the author.

What character qualities does a person need to have in order for his memory to live on for centuries?

From the proposed character traits, choose those that are revealed in Peter’s character; as evidence, select those actions of the hero that confirm these qualities in the hero.

Courage, bravery

Religiosity

Meekness and faithfulness to the commandments of God

Wisdom

Love and loyalty to loved ones

The ability to forgive

So, we found out that Peter’s character is revealed in his actions, in his attitude towards other people.

With the help of what objects can you and I imagine Peter’s life path?

* Circle, stairs, path.

N. S. Demenkova believes that “the development of the plot is the steps, stages of Peter’s moral insight, leaving the world of earthly passions for the world of eternal truths.” I agree with this point of view, because Peter goes through the path of physical and spiritual healing thanks to Fevronia. His life path can be represented as a ladder. 1st step - the fight against external evil in the guise of the serpent - the tempter 2nd step - Peter's illness and trials 3rd step - the fight against internal evil - over pride 4th step - meekness and faithfulness to the commandments of God, holiness.

Who helps the hero recover from this illness?

What is the mystery of Fevronia? The character of the main character is multifaceted. Characteristics of Fevronia Confirmation from the text

A wonderful gift

Loyalty

Moral purity

The ability to love selflessly

The story brings to the fore the girl’s extraordinary wisdom. The girl’s wisdom is noticed by a messenger who is looking for a doctor for his prince. What did the messenger see when he entered her house?

In this episode we paid attention to the hare. The hare is a cowardly animal, but here he is not at all afraid of humans. This means that Fevronia is capable of taming animals. Fevronia of Murom is not the only holy virgin in the history of Christianity who had a tame hare. (speech by an art critic on the iconography of Fevronia and St. Millengela of Wales).

Fevronia’s needlework is also significant in this episode - she sits at a loom and weaves canvas. Fevronia did not weave by chance. Homely, hardworking women and girls of Ancient Rus' could most often be seen at a spinning wheel or a loom. Many ancient peoples made not gods, but goddesses sitting at a spinning wheel or loom, the masters and guardians of destinies. In the folklore of many peoples, the thread symbolizes human destiny. Hence the expression “thread of fate.” Before her death, Fevronia embroidered “air” for the holy chalice for the Church of the Virgin Mary. But the “thread of fate” had to be interrupted, since Peter and Fevronia die on the same day.

Fevronia is also characterized through actions. One of the means of creating an artistic image of Fevronia is a detail. This is another feature of this work, because in traditional life there are no details, the author avoids certainty and accuracy.

What do you think symbolizes the miraculous revival of the trees cut down for the fire?

* Firstly, the miraculous gift of the holy virgin Fevronia is confirmed, and secondly, the exile of Peter and Fevronia will end with a return to Murom and the restoration of the princely title.

Academician D.S. Likhachev noted: “The life-giving power of Fevronia’s love is so great that poles stuck into the ground bloom into trees with her blessing. Crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of sacred incense. She is so strong in spirit that she can unravel the thoughts of the people she meets. In the strength of her love, in the wisdom, as if suggested to her by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than even her ideal husband, Prince Peter.”

If you and I compare her life path with the same subjects, then which subject will you choose?

*He taught to value people not by their origin, but by their actions.

How do the spouses respond to the machinations of the boyars who did not like the new princess for her low birth?

* Both Peter and Fevronia leave the city. For Peter, loyalty to the sacrament of marriage turns out to be higher than princely privileges.

What human vices force the boyars to do this to the ruler?

* Envy, anger, deceit, vindictiveness.

Was the boyars punished for their black deeds?

Yes. “... Many nobles in the city died from the sword, everyone wanted to rule, and destroyed themselves...”

What about repentance?

* “... Do not leave us defenseless, but return to your fatherland!

3. Presentation by linguists.

* Peter - blessed, blessed, holy, glorified, reverend, humble, sincere. Fevronia - holy, wise, wonderful, blessed, reverend.

What do the words “blessed”, “pious”, “venerable” mean?

What techniques for creating an artistic image helped us comprehend the images of saints?

* The character of the characters, which was revealed in their actions, in relation to other people, artistic detail, comparison of the hero with other heroes, the author’s assessment.

Which episode in the text confirms the inexhaustible power of love between Peter and Fevronia?

* Both spouses die on the same day and hour and are not separated even after death. - At the Moscow church council in 1547, Peter and Fevronia were canonized, that is, canonized. There are two miraculous icons of Peter and Fevronia - in the Transfiguration Monastery in Murom and in the Church of the Small Exaltation in Moscow. Our art historian tried to comprehend the icon of the saints.

4. Speech by an art critic: analysis of the icon.

So, we conclude the meeting of our Academic Council. All studies were presented.

VI . Final words from the teacher.

Among all the lives of Russian saints, “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” shines with a special light. The Russian people have no other equally poetic and instructive story about marital love and fidelity. The Murom legend about the love of a prince and a peasant girl, which blossomed under the pen of the church writer Ermolai the Pregreshny, became the most favorite reading of the Russian people. The story, which reflected the ideal of Christian marriage, was called “the pearl of ancient Russian literature” and entered the treasury of world culture.

VII . Lesson summary. Conclusions.

What is the main value of the book? What life values are affirmed in it? Write down your conclusions in your notebook: The main idea of the story is the triumph of faith, wisdom, reason, goodness and love. The main human values affirmed in the story are love for people, courage, humility, family values, loyalty, and religiosity.

What do you think helps heal a person’s heart? (reading notes)

What helped Fevronia heal Peter’s heart? (Love and fidelity).

What did you write on your petals? (Reading notes).

Let's collect your petals into one flower - chamomile. Do you think this common wildflower has anything to do with our lesson?

VIII . Message about the Day of Family, Love and Fidelity.

On July 8, the Orthodox Church honors Saints Peter and Fevronia and this day is considered Valentine's Day in Orthodoxy. In 2008, this day was declared the day of family, love and fidelity, and the chamomile became a symbol of this holiday. Many people make a pilgrimage to Murom: both those who have just decided to get married, and those who have just come to thank these saints for their protection in their family life or to ask for their prayer to the Lord for the granting of family harmony and happiness.

This summer, the icon of Saints Peter and Fevronia visited many Russian cities. One of your classmates saw this icon and will say a few words about his impressions. (Student's speech).

IX . Reflection.

They resort to the help of saints to find a family, preserve love, and raise children. Looking at the light of a candle burning in front of the icon of Saints Peter and Fevronia, you can mentally ask for true love, for the health and well-being of your family and friends.

We worship the eternal shrines,

And our love for the world is pure.

The Russian heart still believes

The cruel world will be saved by beauty.

What beauty? (Spiritual)

Ermolai - Erasmus speaks about spiritual beauty in “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom”; spiritual beauty is sung in a song.

Listening to the song “Peter and Fevronia” (performed by the Peresvet choir)

X . Homework.

Essay – reasoning “What attracts readers to Peter and Fevronia today and what do the heroes of ancient Russian life teach us?”

Target : -show the significance of “The Tale...” in the formation of moral family values;

Raising the prestige of the family institution;

Prevention of antisocial behavior among young people.

Tasks:

Improve students’ ability to analyze what they read: express their own judgment, reveal the author’s attitude towards characters and events, improve monologue speech.

Instill a culture of discussion in the classroom, the ability to defend one’s point of view, and the ability to listen to the interlocutor.

To cultivate moral qualities in schoolchildren: kindness, devotion in friendship and love, the ability to forgive.

Develop research skills.

Lesson progress

I. The teacher's word

Good afternoon Recently, it has become very fashionable to celebrate Valentine's Day, the patron saint of lovers. But the Russian Orthodox calendar has its own Valentine’s Day - July 8, associated with the history of the holy spouses Peter and Fevronia of Murom - patrons of family and marriage, whose love and marital fidelity have become legendary. The life of Peter and Fevronia is the story of the relationship between a man and a woman who managed to overcome all the difficulties of a long and difficult earthly journey, revealing the ideal of a Christian family.

Since 2008, July 8 has been declared the All-Russian Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. It is symbolic that this holiday was first celebrated in 2008, which was declared the year of the family. On this day, many people make a pilgrimage to Murom to thank Saints Peter and Fevronia for their patronage in their family life or to ask for the gift of family harmony and happiness.

Referring to the epigraph of the lesson:

F. Adler said: “The family is a society in miniature, on the integrity of which the morality of human society depends.”

How do you understand this statement, which is the epigraph to our lesson today?

What, in your opinion, is the most important thing in life? (generosity, kindness, compassion, wisdom, loyalty, honesty...)

Do you think the attitude towards the main truths in human life can change over the centuries or does it remain unchanged?

It is possible that in ancient times we will find the answer to this question, because ancient Russian literature covers a period of 700 years out of 1000 (from the 10th century to the 17th century).

Today we will plunge into the world of ancient Russian literature - calm, solemn, contemplative, wise. Let's fast forward to the distant 16th century...

In the last lesson, we got acquainted with the content of “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom,” and today we will turn to the work again to understand what the author wanted to tell us, what topics he raises in the story, what problems worry the writer of the distant past.

The first part of our lesson will take place in the form of defending your presentations, which you yourself prepared in groups of either historians or literary scholars.

Your projects will be assessed by an expert council (three students) who have a sheet with presentation evaluation criteria. After defending your projects, they will be given the floor.

II. Defense of a presentation by a group of “historians”

- “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia” is one of the masterpieces of ancient Russian literature, and the name of its author should be among the most prominent writers of the Russian Middle Ages.

Who wrote this work? What's his backstory? The floor goes to our historians.

The results of the research work will be presented by the head of the group of “historians”

The 16th century is the time of the formation of a unified Russian state with the capital city of Moscow. The unification of Rus' was followed by the unification of Russian culture. Under the leadership of Metropolitan Macarius, an extensive - 12 huge volumes - collection of all that is being compiled, i.e. books read in Rus'. This meeting was called "Great Chet-Minea".

In the "Great Chetya-Minaia" stories about the lives of the saints of the Orthodox Church were presented in order of months and days. A Russian proverb says: “A city cannot stand without a saint, a village cannot stand without a righteous man.” And Macarius instructs the priests to collect legends throughout the Russian lands about righteous people famous for their pious deeds. Priest Ermolai, a writer and publicist, was commissioned to write a life about the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia.

While reading the work, we noticed that the author writes: “At one time they took monasticism and put on monastic robes. And the blessed prince Peter was named David in the monastic rank, and the Venerable Fevronia in the monastic rank was called Euphrosyne.”

We were interested in the question: “Is Prince Peter a true hero or was there a prototype?”

Murom was famous for its legends. The most poetic of the Murom legends was the tale of a wise maiden who became a kind and fair princess. It served as the basis for the story. It is still unknown who can be called the prototypes of heroes. But most often, as we found out, the prototype of the hero of the story, Prince Peter, is called Prince David Yuryevich, who ruled Murom at the beginning of the 13th century. He married the peasant woman Euphrosyne in gratitude for the fact that she cured him of a disease that no one could cure. The prince's marriage to a simple peasant woman caused malicious slander, but the couple lived happily until the end of their days. Having grown old, they both took monasticism and died in 1228.

The story became a true masterpiece of ancient Russian literature; it was written after the canonization, that is, the canonization of Peter and Fevronia at the Moscow Church Council in 1547. It was widely read in the Moscow state; 150 copies of this work have survived to this day.

Defense of presentations by groups of “literary scholars”

III. Work of creative groups with the text: “Fairy tale? Life? A story?

As you know, Metropolitan Macarius did not include the life he commissioned in the collection “Great Cheti-Minea” (monthly readings). Why? The answer lies in the research of creative groups of students - literary scholars who worked to identify the features of the genre of a given work.

During the presentation, students fill out the following table in their notebooks:

The results of the research work will be presented by the leaders of each group of “literary scholars”.

1 group of literary scholars –fairy tale